Earnout to Common Stockholders
The fair value of the earnout shares was estimated by utilizing a Monte-Carlo simulation model. The inputs into the Monte-Carlo pricing model included significant unobservable inputs. The following table provides quantitative information regarding Level 3 fair value measurement inputs:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, 2022 | | December 31, 2021 |
Stock price | $ | 6.39 | | | $ | 6.49 | |
Risk-free interest rate | 2.4 | % | | 1.2 | % |
Volatility | 90.00 | % | | 90.00 | % |
Remaining term (in years) | 4.29 | | 4.54 |
The following table presents the changes in the liabilities for Private Placement Warrants and Earnout during the three months ended March 31, 2022 (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Private Placement Warrants | | Earnout |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 15,228 | | | $ | 103,761 | |
Change in estimated fair value | (1,523) | | | (3,241) | |
Balance as of March 31, 2022 | $ | 13,705 | | | $ | 100,520 | |
The Company performs routine procedures such as comparing prices obtained from independent sources to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded.
Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
The Company is subject to, and may become a party to, a variety of litigation, other claims, suits, indemnity demands, regulatory actions, and government investigations and inquiries in the ordinary course of business. The Company is party to current legal proceedings as discussed more fully below.
Three related putative securities class action lawsuits were filed between September 30, 2021 and November 15, 2021, in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York against the Company, certain of the Company’s current officers and directors and certain officers and directors of DCRB: (Kauffmann v. Hyzon Motors Inc., et al. (No. 21-cv-06612-CJS), Brennan v. Hyzon Motors Inc., et al. (No. 21-cv-06636- CJS), and Miller v. Hyzon Motors Inc. et al. (No. 21-cv-06695-CJS)), asserting violations of federal securities laws. The complaints generally allege that the Company and individual defendants made materially false and misleading statements relating to the nature of the Company’s customer contracts, vehicle orders, and sales and earnings projections, based on allegations in a report released on September 28, 2021, by Blue Orca Capital, an investment firm that indicated that it held a short position in our stock and which has made numerous allegations about the Company. These lawsuits have been consolidated under the caption In re Hyzon Motors Inc. Securities Litigation (Case No. 6:21-cv-06612-CJSMWP), and on March 21, 2022, the court-appointed lead plaintiff filed a consolidated amended complaint seeking monetary damages.
Between December 16, 2021 and January 14, 2022, three related shareholder derivative lawsuits were filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York: (Lee v. Anderson et al. (No. 21-cv-06744-CJS); Révész v. Anderson et al. (No. 22-cv-06012-CJS); and Shorab v. Anderson et al. (No. 22-cv-06023CJS)). On February 2, 2022, a similar shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (Yellets v. Gu et al. (No. 22-cv-00156), and on February 3, 2022, another similar shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Kings County (Ruddiman v. Anderson et al. (No. 503402/2022)). These lawsuits name as defendants the Company’s current directors and certain former directors of DCRB, along with the Company as a nominal defendant, and generally allege that the individual defendants breached their fiduciary duties by making or failing to prevent the misrepresentations alleged in the consolidated securities class action, and assert claims for violations of federal securities laws, breach of fiduciary duties, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, and waste of corporate assets. These lawsuits generally seek equitable relief and monetary damages.
On March 18, 2022, a putative class action complaint, Malork v. Anderson et al. (C.A. No. 2022-0260- KSJM), was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery against certain officers and directors of DCRB, DCRB’s sponsor, and certain investors in DCRB’s sponsor, alleging that the director defendants and controlling shareholders of DCRB’s sponsor breached their fiduciary duties in connection with the merger between DCRB and Legacy Hyzon. The complaint seeks equitable relief and monetary damages.
Between January 26, 2022 and March 28, 2022, Hyzon received four demands for books and records pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law from stockholders who state they are investigating whether to file similar derivative or stockholder lawsuits, among other purposes. The proceedings are subject to uncertainties inherent in the litigation process. The Company cannot predict the outcome of these matters or estimate the possible loss or range of possible loss, if any.
On January 12, 2022, the Company announced that it had received a subpoena from the SEC for production of documents and information, including documents and information related to the allegations made in the September 28, 2021 report issued by Blue Orca Capital. The Company is cooperating with the SEC.
Regardless of outcome, such proceedings or claims can have an adverse impact on the Company because of legal defense and settlement costs, the Company’s obligations to indemnify third parties, diversion of resources, and other factors, and there can be no assurances that favorable outcomes will be obtained. Based on the early-stage nature of these cases, the Company cannot predict the outcome of these matters or estimate the possible loss or range of possible loss, if any.
Note 13. Stock-based Compensation Plans
The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option and Restricted Stock Unit (“RSU”) activity:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Stock Options | | RSUs |
| | Number of Options | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual (Years) | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in 000s) | | Number of RSUs | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | | 19,311,140 | | | $ | 1.29 | | | 13.07 | | 100,885 | | | 1,852,685 | | | $ | 6.14 | |
Granted | | 188,232 | | | $ | 6.29 | | | — | | | — | | | 107,310 | | | $ | 5.22 | |
Exercised or released | | (30,008) | | | $ | 1.13 | | | — | | | — | | | (95,576) | | | $ | 3.53 | |
Forfeited/Cancelled | | (38,984) | | | $ | 1.13 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | $ | — | |
Outstanding at March 31, 2022 | | 19,430,380 | | | $ | 1.30 | | | 12.78 | | 99,280 | | | 1,864,419 | | | $ | 6.22 | |
Vested and expected to vest, March 31, 2022 | | 13,892,880 | | | $ | 1.15 | | | 12.39 | | 73,271 | | | 1,864,419 | | | $ | 6.22 | |
Exercisable and vested at March 31, 2022 | | 12,116,476 | | | $ | 1.13 | | | 13.15 | | 63,749 | | | — | | | |
As of March 31, 2022, there was $2.5 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.46 years.
RSUs granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans typically vest over a four or five-year period beginning on the date of grant. RSUs will be settled through the issuance of an equivalent number of shares of the Company’s common stock and are equity classified. The fair value of restricted shares is determined based upon the stock price on the date of grant. As of March 31, 2022, unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested RSUs of $9.6 million is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average period of 3.42 years.
Earnout to Other Equity Holders
Earnout awards to other equity holders are accounted for under ASC 718 were vested at the time of grant, and therefore recognized immediately as compensation expense. Total compensation expense recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2022 related to these earnout awards was $1.0 million. Certain earnout awards to other equity holders contained performance and market-based vesting conditions, and as the performance conditions are not deemed probable at March 31, 2022, no compensation expense has been recorded related to these awards.
Note 14. Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock
The Company is authorized to issue 400,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were 247,881,568 and 247,758,412 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.
Warrants
As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were 11,286,242 Public Warrants and 8,014,500 Private Placement Warrants, for a total of 19,300,742 warrants outstanding.
Ardour Subscription Agreement
As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were 230,048 and 275,048 Ardour Warrants outstanding, respectively. In the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company issued 28,333 shares of common stock for the cashless exercise of certain Ardour Warrants.
Equity Repurchase Program
On November 17, 2021, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $5.0 million of its outstanding common stock and/or Public Warrants. The timing and amount of any share repurchases under the Company’s share repurchase authorization will be determined by management based on market conditions and other considerations. Such repurchases may be executed in the open market. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had repurchased 256,977 public warrants for $0.5 million. In the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company repurchased an additional 15,600 public warrants for $31 thousand. The Company suspended the share repurchase program as of January 5, 2022.
Note 15. Related Party Transactions
Horizon IP Agreement
In January 2021, the Company entered into an intellectual property agreement (the “Horizon IP Agreement”) with Jiangsu Qingneng New Energy Technologies Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Qingneng Horizon New Energy Ltd. (together, “JS Horizon”) both of which are affiliates of the Company’s ultimate parent, Horizon. In September 2021, Jiangsu Horizon Powertrain Technologies Co. Ltd. (“JS Powertrain”) was an added party to the agreement. Pursuant to the agreement the parties convey to each other certain rights in intellectual property relating to Hyzon’s core fuel cell and mobility product technologies, under which Hyzon was to pay JS Horizon and JS Powertrain a total fixed payment of $10.0 million. As of March 31, 2022, the full $10.0 million has been paid, $6.9 million was paid in 2021 and the remaining $3.1 million was paid in February 2022.
Related Party Payables and Receivables
Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies and Related Subsidiaries
Hyzon utilizes Horizon to supply certain fuel cell components. In March 2021, the Company made a deposit payment to Horizon in the amount of $5.0 million to secure fuel cell components. This payment is included in prepaid expenses as none of the components have yet been received. In addition, the Company made other deposit payments to purchase fuel cell systems and components from Horizon and its affiliates. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, Cost of revenue of $0.1 million for fuel cell components purchased from Horizon and its affiliates were recorded in the Company’s unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Certain employees of Horizon and its affiliates provide services to the Company. Based on an analysis of the compensation costs incurred by Horizon and an estimate of the proportion of effort spent by such employees on each entity, an allocation of approximately $0.3 million and $0.1 million was recorded in the Company’s unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss related to such services for the three months ended March 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
The related party liability to Horizon and its affiliates is $0.6 million and $3.7 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Holthausen and Affiliates
The Company entered into a joint venture agreement in October 2020 to create Hyzon Motors Europe B.V. (“Hyzon Europe”) with Holthausen Clean Technology Investments B.V. (“Holthausen”). As Hyzon Europe builds out its production facilities, it relies on Holthausen and its affiliates for certain production resources that result in related party transactions. In addition, both companies rely on certain suppliers, including Horizon.
The Company currently owns 50.5% of the equity interests of Hyzon Europe. On December 31, 2021, Hyzon executed a non-binding Letter of Intent (“LOI”) with Holthausen to increase its stake to 75% in Hyzon Europe. Concurrent with the signing of this LOI, a €1.0 million refundable deposit was paid to Holthausen, approximately $1.1 million in U.S. dollars (“USD”). This deposit is recorded in the unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets in Prepaid expenses and other current assets.
On May 5, 2022, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (“SPA”) with Holthausen, whereby the Company agreed to purchase 735,000 shares Holthausen holds in Hyzon Europe. When the transaction closes, the Company will own 75% of the issued and outstanding shares of Hyzon Europe, and Holthausen will own 25%. As part of the SPA, Holthausen agreed to transfer to Hyzon Europe all of its shares of stock in Holthausen Clean Technology B.V, private limited liability company registered in the Netherlands. The Company agreed to a total purchase price of €27.0 million, approximately $28.5 million in USD, in a combination of cash and equity of the Company.
For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company paid $0.1 million to Carl Holthausen and Max Holthausen as managing directors of Hyzon Europe.
As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has a net related party receivable in the amount of $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively from Holthausen.
Note 16. Loss per share
The following table presents the information used in the calculation of the Company’s basic and diluted loss per share attributable to Hyzon common stockholders (in thousands, except per share data):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | | | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Net loss attributable to Hyzon | | | | | $ | (6,523) | | | $ | (8,147) | |
Weighted average shares outstanding: | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | | | 247,940 | | | 166,201 | |
Effect of dilutive securities | | | | | — | | | — | |
Diluted | | | | | 247,940 | | | 166,201 | |
Loss per share attributable to Hyzon: | | | | | | | |
Basic | | | | | $ | (0.03) | | | $ | (0.05) | |
Diluted | | | | | $ | (0.03) | | | $ | (0.05) | |
The weighted average number of shares outstanding prior to Business Combination were converted at the Exchange Ratio.
Potentially dilutive shares are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss when their effect was antidilutive. The following outstanding common stock equivalents (in thousands) were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been anti-dilutive.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | | | | 2022 | | 2021 |
Restricted stock units | | | | | 1,864 | | | 872 | |
Stock options with service conditions | | | | | 12,121 | | | 12,525 | |
Stock options for former CTO | | | | | 1,772 | | | 1,772 | |
Stock options with market and performance conditions | | | | | 5,538 | | | 5,538 | |
Private placement warrants | | | | | 8,015 | | | — | |
Public Warrants | | | | | 11,286 | | | — | |
Earnout shares | | | | | 23,250 | | | — | |
Hongyun warrants | | | | | 31 | | | — | |
Ardour warrants | | | | | 230 | | | 326 | |
Note 17. Subsequent Events
Global NRG H2 Limited
The Company owns common shares, participation rights, and options to purchase additional common shares in Global NRG H2 Limited (“NRG”). The Company does not have control and does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of this entity. The Company’s investment in NRG was $2.5 million as of December 31, 2021, which was fully impaired during the quarter ended June 30, 2022.
Holthausen and Affiliates
In December 2022, the Company acquired the remaining 49.5% stake, or 1,485,000 A Shares par value €0.01 in Hyzon Europe from Holthausen. The Company now holds 100% ownership in Hyzon Europe. The consideration paid by the Company to Holthausen was €5.52 million (approximately $5.84 million in USD), consisting of €4.50 million (approximately $4.76 million in USD) in cash, including prepaid balances, and €1.02 million (approximately $1.08 million in USD) (excluding any VAT) of certain inventory. In addition, Hyzon Europe transferred all of the assumed retrofit service contracts including after-sales obligations back to Holthausen Clean Technology B.V. upon closing of the transaction.
Delaware Court of Chancery Section 205
On February 13, 2023, the Company filed a petition under the caption In re Hyzon Motors Inc., C.A. No. 2023-0177-LWW (Del. Ch) in the Delaware Court of Chancery pursuant to Section 205 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), which permits the Court of Chancery, in its discretion, to validate potentially defective corporate acts due to developments regarding potential interpretations of the DGCL stemming from the Court’s recent decision in Garfield v. Boxed, Inc., 2022 WL 17959766 (Del. Ch. Dec. 27, 2022). On March 6, 2023, the Court of Chancery granted our petition, holding that any defects that may have existed with respect to the conduct of the Special Meeting of Shareholders held on July 15, 2021 to approve the increase in the Company’s authorized share capital were ratified as of the meeting.
The Company continues to believe that, notwithstanding the relief the Delaware Court of Chancery granted to the Company under Section 205, at the time of DCRB Shareholder Meeting on July 16, 2021, the increase in the Company’s authorized share capital was validly approved by DCRB’s shareholders under Delaware law.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis provide information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. This discussion is intended to supplement, and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our 2021 Annual Report filed on Form 10-K/A. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to “Hyzon,” “we,” “us,” and “our” are intended to mean the business and operations of Hyzon Motors Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Business Combination and to Legacy Hyzon and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Business Combination.
Restatement
The accompanying Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (this “MD&A”) has been adjusted to give effect to the Restatement of the unaudited consolidated financial statements for the period ended March 31, 2022. For additional information and a detailed discussion of the Restatement, refer to the Explanatory Note and Note 2. Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements to the consolidated financial statements.
Overview
Headquartered in Rochester, New York, with operations in North America, Europe, China, and Australasia, Hyzon provides decarbonized solutions primarily for commercial vehicles market and hydrogen supply infrastructure.
Vehicles and Vehicle Platforms
Our commercial vehicle business is focused primarily on assembling and supplying hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric vehicles (“FCEVs”), including heavy-duty (Class 8) trucks, medium-duty (Class 6) trucks, light-duty (Class 3 and 4) trucks, and 40 and 60-foot (12 and18-meter) city and coach buses to commercial vehicle operators. We also provide services that retrofit ICE vehicles to FCEVs.
On-road, our potential customers include shipping and logistics companies and retail customers with large distribution networks, such as grocery retailers, food and beverage companies, waste management companies, and municipality and government agencies around the world. Off-road, our potential customers include mining, material handling and port equipment manufacturers and operators. Initial strategic customer groups often employ a ‘back-to-base’ model where their vehicles return to a central base or depot between operations, thereby allowing operators to have fueling independence as the necessary hydrogen can be produced locally at or proximate to the central base and dispensed at optimally-configured hydrogen refueling stations. Hyzon may expand its range of products and hydrogen solutions as the transportation sector increasingly adopts hydrogen propulsion and investments are made in hydrogen production and related infrastructure in accordance with our expectations.
In addition, we perform integration for rail and aviation customers and plan to expand our integration activities across maritime and other applications in the future. We expect the opportunities in these sectors to continue to expand with the rapid technological advances in hydrogen fuel cells and the increasing investments in hydrogen production, storage and refueling infrastructure around the world.
Fuel and Infrastructure
Our hydrogen supply infrastructure business is focused on building and fostering a clean hydrogen supply ecosystem with leading partners from feedstock through hydrogen production, dispensing and financing. We collaborate with strategic partners on development, construction, operation, and ownership of hydrogen production facilities and refueling stations in each major region of our operations, which we intend to complement our back-to-base model and near-term fleet deployment opportunities.
COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic is currently impacting countries, communities, supply chains, and the global financial markets. Governments have imposed laws requiring social distancing, travel restrictions, shutdowns of businesses and quarantines, among others, and these laws may limit our ability to meet with potential customers or partners, or affect the ability of our personnel, suppliers, partners and customers to operate in the ordinary course of business. Although the economy has begun to recover, the severity and duration of the related global economic crisis is not fully known. The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to continue to have residual negative impacts, in particular the supply chain continues to face disruptions. Rebounding demand in key components challenge the supply base and supply chain with short notice and increasing volume levels. The supply constraints include overseas freight congestion causing extended lead times, semiconductor allocation, other raw/component material shortages and supplier staffing challenges.
The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to prevent its spread have had the following impact on our business:
•Our workforce. Employee health and safety is our priority. In response to COVID-19, we established protocols to help protect the health and safety of our workforce. We will continue to stay up-to-date and follow local, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”), or World Health Organization (“WHO”) guidelines regarding safe work environment requirements.
•Operations and Supply Chain. We continue to experience supply chain disruptions, which may temporarily limit our ability to outfit vehicles and fuel cell systems with key components. However, our global footprint has allowed us to leverage our strategic partnerships and to meet customer demands for zero-emission heavy commercial vehicles despite these challenges. In the future, we may experience supply chain disruptions from related or third-party suppliers and any such supply chain disruptions could cause delays in our development and delivery timelines. We continue to monitor the situation for any potential adverse impacts and execute appropriate countermeasures, where possible.
While we have experienced some operational challenges, the long-term implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on our workforce, operations and supply chain, as well as demand remain uncertain. These factors may in turn have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.
Key Trends and Uncertainties
We believe that our performance and future success depends on several factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Commercial Launch of Hyzon-branded commercial vehicles and other hydrogen solutions
We reported $2.9 million of revenue from hydrogen fuel cell system sales in the United States and FCEVs in China for the three months ended March 31, 2022; however, our business model has yet to be proven. Prior to full commercialization of our commercial vehicle business at scale, we must complete the construction of required manufacturing facilities and achieve research and development milestones. We must establish and operate facilities capable of producing our hydrogen fuel cell systems or assembling our hydrogen-powered commercial vehicles in appropriate volumes and at competitive costs.
Until we can generate sufficient additional revenue from our commercial vehicle business, we expect to finance our operations through equity and/or debt financing. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including the pace and results of our development efforts. We expect that any delays in the successful completion of our manufacturing facilities, availability of critical parts, and/or validation and testing will impact our ability to generate revenue.
Hydrogen Production & Supply Infrastructure
We continue to develop an end-to-end hydrogen ecosystem delivery model, with a partner-driven approach to design, build, own and operate hydrogen production hubs and downstream dispensing infrastructure expected to provide zero-to-negative carbon intensity hydrogen at below diesel-parity cost structures supporting Hyzon vehicle fleet deployments. We intend to continue forming additional partnerships across the full hydrogen feedstock, production and dispensing value chain in each major region in which we operate, that will be designed to ensure that the hydrogen fuel required is available at the cost and carbon intensity requirements to drive fleet conversions to Hyzon hydrogen FCEVs. Because we have a partner-driven approach, we are naturally reliant upon our partners’ performance in fulfilling the obligations that we depend on for delivery of each segment of that value chain. Additionally, consistent with other construction projects, there are risks related to realized construction cost and schedule that can impact final cost to produce and deliver hydrogen and timing of that delivery, along with the availability of feedstock near our vehicle fleet deployments. We intend to manage these risks by partnering with high quality and high performing partners with a track record of timely delivery and instituting commercial agreements to drive down construction cost and achieve on-time scheduled performance.
Continued Investment in Innovation
We believe that we are the industry-leading hydrogen technology company with the most efficient and reliable fuel cell powertrain technologies and an unmatched product and service offering. Our financial performance will be significantly dependent on our ability to maintain this leading position. We expect to incur substantial and increasing research and development expenses and stock-based compensation expenses as a result. We dedicate significant resources towards research and development and invest heavily in recruiting talent, especially for vehicle design, vehicle software, fuel cell system, and electric powertrain. We will continue to recruit and retain talented personnel to grow our strength in our core technologies. We expect to incur additional stock-based compensation expenses as we support our growth and status as a publicly traded company. We expect our strategic focus on innovation will further solidify our leadership position.
Customer Demand
We are continually seeking to expand our customer base; however we depend on a few major customers and we expect this will continue for the next several years. These customers will mostly employ a back-to-base model in the early adoption phase of FCEVs. Vehicles will return to a central “base” between operations, allowing them to refuel onsite and/or nearby, where hydrogen can be produced locally at or proximate to the central base. While we focus on back-to-base or regional customers, we expect to expand our target customer focus to include longer-haul truck and bus segments, additional vehicle classes, stationary power, and incremental mobility applications (e.g., rail, marine, aviation) for customers around the world.
Supplier Relationships
We depend on third parties, including our majority beneficial shareholder and parent company Horizon for supply of key inputs and components for our products, such as fuel cells and automotive parts. We intend to negotiate potential relationships with industry-leading OEMs to supply chassis for our Hyzon-branded vehicles but do not yet have any binding agreements and there is no guarantee that definitive agreements will be reached. Even if we reach such agreements, such suppliers, including Horizon, may be unable to deliver the inputs and components necessary for us to produce our hydrogen-powered commercial vehicles or hydrogen fuel cell systems at prices, volumes, and specifications acceptable to us. If we are unable to source required inputs and other components from third parties on acceptable terms, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The automotive industry continues to face many supply chain disruptions. We are experiencing increases in both the cost of and time to receive raw materials, such as semiconductors or chassis. Any such increase or supply interruptions could materially negatively impact our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results. Many of the parts for our products are sourced from suppliers in China, and the manufacturing situation in China remains uncertain.
Market Trends and Competition
The last ten years have seen the rapid development of alternative energy solutions in the transportation space. We believe this growth will continue to accelerate as increased product offerings, technological developments, reduced costs, additional supporting infrastructure, and increased global focus on climate goals drive broader adoption.
We believe that commercial vehicle operators, one of our initial target markets, will be driven towards hydrogen-powered commercial vehicles predominantly by the need to decarbonize activities, but also by the potential for lower total cost of ownership in comparison to the cost of ownership associated with traditional gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines. Our fuel cell technology can be deployed across a broad range of mobility applications, including on-road, off-road, rail, maritime and aviation.
The competitive landscape for our commercial vehicles ranges from vehicles relying on legacy internal combustion engines, to extended range electric and battery electric engines, to other hydrogen fuel cell and alternative low-to-no carbon emission propulsion vehicles. Competitors include well established vehicle companies already deploying vehicles with internal fuel cell technology and other heavy vehicle companies that have announced their plans to offer fuel cell trucks in the future. We also face competition from other fuel cell manufacturers. We believe that our company is well positioned to capitalize on growth in demand for alternative low-to-no carbon emission propulsion vehicles due to the numerous benefits of hydrogen power, including hydrogen’s abundance and ability to be produced locally and the generally faster refueling times for hydrogen-powered commercial vehicles, as compared to electricity-powered vehicles. However, in order to successfully execute on our business plan, we must continue to innovate and convert successful research and development efforts into differentiated products, including new commercial vehicle models.
Our current and potential competitors have greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing and other resources. Our competitors may be able to deploy greater resources to the design, development, manufacturing, distribution, promotion, sales, marketing, and support of their internal combustion, alternative fuel and electric truck programs.
Regulatory Landscape
We operate in a highly regulated industry. The failure to comply with laws or regulations, including but limited to rules and regulations covering vehicle safety, emissions, dealerships, and distributors, could subject us to significant regulatory risk and changing laws and regulations and changing enforcement policies and priorities could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. We may be also required to obtain and comply with the terms and conditions of multiple environmental permits, many of which are difficult and costly to obtain and could be subject to legal challenges. We depend on global customers and suppliers, and adverse changes in governmental policy or trade regimes could significantly impact the competitiveness of our products. Changes to applicable tax laws and regulations or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect our business and future profitability. See the section entitled “Government Regulations” in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our historical operating results for the periods indicated (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | |
| | 2022 | | 2021 | | $ Change | | % Change |
Revenue | | $ | 2,888 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,888 | | | N/M |
Operating expense: | | | | | | | | |
Cost of revenue | | 653 | | | — | | | 653 | | | N/M |
Research and development | | 6,936 | | | 627 | | | 6,309 | | | 1006 | % |
Selling, general, and administrative | | 19,752 | | | 3,146 | | | 16,606 | | | 528 | % |
Total operating expenses | | 27,341 | | | 3,773 | | | 23,568 | | | 625 | % |
Loss from operations | | (24,453) | | | (3,773) | | | (20,680) | | | 548 | % |
Other income (expense): | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value of private placement warrant liability | | 1,523 | | | — | | | 1,523 | | | N/M |
Change in fair value of earnout liability | | 3,241 | | | — | | | 3,241 | | | N/M |
Change in fair value of equity securities | | 12,530 | | | — | | | 12,530 | | | N/M |
Foreign currency exchange loss and other expense | | (1,150) | | | (28) | | | (1,122) | | | 4007 | % |
Interest income (expense), net | | 17 | | | (4,588) | | | 4,605 | | | (100) | % |
Total other income (expense) | | 16,161 | | | (4,616) | | | 20,777 | | | (450) | % |
Net loss before income taxes | | (8,292) | | | (8,389) | | | 97 | | | (1) | % |
Income tax expense | | 526 | | | — | | | 526 | | | N/M |
Net loss | | $ | (8,818) | | | $ | (8,389) | | | $ | (429) | | | 5 | % |
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | | (2,295) | | | (242) | | | (2,053) | | | 848 | % |
Net loss attributable to Hyzon | | $ | (6,523) | | | $ | (8,147) | | | $ | 1,624 | | | (20) | % |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021
Hyzon was formed and commenced operations on January 21, 2020. As a result, we have a very limited operating history from inception and limited prior period comparable information available to be presented in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Hyzon.”
Revenue. Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $2.9 million, and represents sales of fuel cell systems in the United States and FCEVs in China. We did not generate revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $27.3 million compared to $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Operating expenses consist of cost of revenue, research and development expenses and selling, general and administrative expenses.
Cost of Revenue. Cost of revenue includes direct materials, labor costs, allocated overhead costs related to the manufacturing and retrofitting of hydrogen FCEVs, fuel cell systems, and estimated warranty costs. Cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $0.7 million. The total cost of FCEVs delivered to the customer in China was recorded within Cost of revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss in 2021 since control of such FCEVs was transferred to the customer prior to December 31, 2021. We did not generate revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and therefore had no cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses represent costs incurred to support activities that advance the development of current and next generation hydrogen powered fuel cell systems, the design and development of electric powertrain, and the integration of those systems into various mobility applications. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related personnel expenses, prototype materials and tooling, design expenses, consulting and contractor costs and an allocated portion of overhead costs.
Research and development expenses were $6.9 million and $0.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase was primarily due to $3.5 million in higher personnel costs in developing our research and development expertise in vehicle design, vehicle software, fuel cell system, and electric powertrain. The remaining increase of $2.8 million was primarily due to the advancing development of current and next generation hydrogen powered fuel cell systems, the design and development of electric powertrain, and the integration of those systems into various mobility applications. We expect research and development expenses to continue to increase significantly going forward as we build out our research facilities and organization.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses. Selling expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs for individuals working in our sales and marketing departments, third party commissions, and related outreach activities. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses associated with our executive, finance, legal, information technology and human resources functions, as well as professional fees for legal, audit, accounting and other consulting services, and an allocated portion of overhead costs.
Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $19.8 million and $3.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase was primarily due to $5.1 million in higher legal, accounting and consulting fees, $4.5 million in higher salary and related expenses, $2.6 million in higher insurance expense and $0.9 million in higher stock compensation expense. In addition, we incurred additional $2.0 million in IT, rent, travel and other office related expenses to support business growth. We incurred greater selling, general, and administrative expense in the first quarter of 2022 as the Company continues to build out its corporate infrastructure, including accounting, audit, legal, regulatory and tax-related services. The increase in selling, general and administrative costs also resulted from director and officer insurance costs, investor and public relations costs.
Change in Fair Value. Change in fair value represents non-cash gains or losses in estimated fair values of the private placement warrant liability, earnout liability, and investments in equity securities. Private placement warrant and earnout liabilities are remeasured at each balance sheet date. Equity securities are remeasured when there is an observable price adjustment in an orderly transaction for an identical or similar investment in the same issuer. Changes in estimated fair values of private placement warrant liability, earnout liability, and investments in equity securities for the three months ended March 31, 2022, were $1.5 million, $3.2 million, and $12.5 million, respectively. There were no equivalent instruments requiring fair value remeasurement for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Foreign Currency Exchange Loss. Foreign currency exchange loss represents exchange rate gains and losses related to all transactions denominated in a currency other than our or our subsidiary’s functional currencies. Foreign currency exchange loss was $1.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to negligible expense in the three months ended March 31, 2021, as there were few transactions in foreign currencies in the prior period. We are subject to foreign currency risk as we continue to expand our geographic footprint.
Interest Income (Expense), net. Interest income was negligible in the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to interest expense of $4.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021. Interest expense relates primarily to the convertible debt issued in February 2021 and is comprised primarily of changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative associated with the automatic conversion provision of the convertible notes. Upon close of the Business Combination in July 2021, the convertible debt and accrued interest converted into shares of common stock of the Company. There was no debt outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Income Tax Expense (Benefits). During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded a net discrete tax expense of $0.5 million primarily associated with the establishment of a deferred tax liability that is not expected to offset available deferred tax assets. The Company has cumulative net operating losses at the federal and state level and maintains a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets. We had no income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests represents results attributable to third parties in our operating subsidiaries. Net loss is generally allocated based on such ownership interests held by third parties with respect to each of these entities.
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests was $2.3 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The change in the comparative periods is the result of increased activities in our Netherlands joint venture and the creation of a joint venture in Foshan, China in October 2021.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to our results determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), we believe the following non-GAAP measures are useful in evaluating our operational performance. We use the following non-GAAP financial information to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors in assessing our operating performance.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA
“EBITDA” is defined as net loss before interest income or expense, income tax expense or benefit, and depreciation and amortization. “Adjusted EBITDA” is defined as EBITDA adjusted for stock-based compensation expense, change in fair value of private placement warrant liability, change in fair value of earnout liability, change in fair value of equity securities and other special items determined by management, if applicable. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are intended as supplemental measures of our performance that are neither required by, nor presented in accordance with, U.S. GAAP. We believe that the use of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing our financial measures with those of comparable companies, which may present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors. However, you should be aware that when evaluating EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA we may incur future expenses similar to those excluded when calculating these measures. In addition, our presentation of these measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, because all companies may not calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same fashion.
Because of these limitations, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our U.S. GAAP results and using EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA on a supplemental basis. You should review the reconciliation of net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA below and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
The following table reconciles net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2022 | | 2021 |
Net loss | $ | (8,818) | | | $ | (8,389) | |
Interest (income) expense, net | (17) | | | 4,588 | |
Income tax expense | 526 | | | — | |
Depreciation and amortization | 904 | | | 129 | |
EBITDA | $ | (7,405) | | | $ | (3,672) | |
Adjusted for: | | | |
Change in fair value of private placement warrant liability | (1,523) | | | — | |
Change in fair value of earnout liability | (3,241) | | | — | |
Change in fair value of equity securities | (12,530) | | | — | |
Stock-based compensation | 1,193 | | | 290 | |
Regulatory and legal matters (1) | 2,730 | | | — | |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | (20,776) | | | $ | (3,382) | |
(1)Regulatory and legal matters include legal, advisory, and other professional service fees incurred in connection with the short-seller analyst article from September 2021, and investigations and litigation related thereto.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company has incurred losses from operations since inception. The Company incurred net losses of $8.8 million and $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities was $30.1 million and $9.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, we had $407.3 million in unrestricted cash and positive working capital of $436.6 million. The Business Combination closed on July 16, 2021, generated proceeds of approximately $509.0 million of cash, net of transaction costs and redemptions. We believe that our current cash balance will provide adequate liquidity during the 12-month period from the issuance of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, the rate of our growth, our ability to generate sufficient revenue from commercial vehicle sales and leases to cover operating expenses, working capital expenditures, and additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other developments, including supply chain challenges, disruptions due to COVID-19, competitive pressures, and regulatory developments, among other developments. Further, we may enter into future arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, products, services, strategic partnerships, and technologies. As such, we may be required to seek additional equity and/or debt financing. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of common stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. If we are unable to maintain sufficient financial resources, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Debt
As of March 31, 2022 we have no debt. The convertible notes and accrued interest in the comparative period, were converted to 5,022,052 shares of common stock upon close of the Business Combination.
Cash Flows
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | 2022 | | 2021 |
Net cash used in operating activities | | $ | (30,096) | | | $ | (9,470) | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | (3,895) | | | (4,073) | |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | (3,389) | | | 44,603 | |
Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $30.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, as compared to $9.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The cash flows used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily driven by a net loss of $8.8 million and adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash gain adjustments consisted of changes in fair value of the private placement warrant liability of $1.5 million, earnout liability of $3.2 million, and equity securities of $12.5 million. These non-cash gain adjustments were partially offset by $1.2 million stock-based compensation expense and $0.9 million in depreciation and amortization. Changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily driven by $1.7 million in prepayments for vehicle inventory, production equipment, other supplier deposits and D&O insurance, and a change of $7.5 million in inventory balances, offset by an increase in accrued liabilities of $3.4 million and accounts receivable of $2.2 million. Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily driven by recording a net loss of $8.4 million and adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash loss adjustments primarily consisted of a noncash interest expense of $4.5 million. These non-cash loss adjustments were partially offset by $7.0 million for prepayments for vehicle inventory, production equipment, and other supplier deposits and $1.5 million in payables and accrued liabilities.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, as compared to $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease of the cash flows used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were primarily driven by $0.4 million cash paid for property and equipment and offset by $0.3 million deposit paid in advance for capital expenditures.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, as compared to $44.6 million net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The cash flows used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was driven primarily by $3.1 million payment towards the Horizon IP Agreement. The cash flows provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was driven primarily by $45.0 million in proceeds from issuance of convertible notes.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
For the three months ended March 31, 2022, there were no material changes outside the ordinary course of business within the Contractual Obligations table as previously disclosed in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not maintain any off-balance sheet arrangements, transactions, obligations or other relationships with unconsolidated entities that would be expected to have a material current or future effect upon our financial condition or results of operations.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management’s applications of accounting policies. Certain policies are particularly important to the portrayal of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment by management to determine appropriate assumptions to be used in certain estimates; as a result, they are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty and are considered critical. Accordingly, we believe the following policies are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations.
There have been no substantial changes to these estimates, or the policies related to them during the three months ended March 31, 2022. For a full discussion of these estimates and policies, see "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in Item 7 of our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Emerging Growth Company Status
Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. Hyzon elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, Hyzon, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard, until such time Hyzon is no longer considered to be an emerging growth company. At times, Hyzon may elect to early adopt a new or revised standard.
In addition, Hyzon intends to rely on the other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an emerging growth company, Hyzon intends to rely on such exemptions, Hyzon is not required to, among other things: (a) provide an auditor’s attestation report on Hyzon’s system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (b) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; (c) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis); and (d) disclose certain executive compensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.
Hyzon will remain an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act until the earliest of (a) the last day of Hyzon’s first fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of DCRB’s initial public offering, (b) the last date of Hyzon’s fiscal year in which Hyzon has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, (c) the date on which Hyzon is deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC with at least $700.0 million of outstanding securities held by non-affiliates or (d) the date on which Hyzon has issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the previous three years.