UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
þ
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2012
Or
¨
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the transition period from
to
Commission file number 000-49839
Idenix
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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45-0478605
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(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
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(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
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60 Hampshire Street
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Cambridge, MA
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02139
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(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
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(Zip Code)
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Registrants telephone number, including area code: (617) 995-9800
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes
þ
No
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive
Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such
files). Yes
þ
No
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller
reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer:
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¨
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Accelerated filer:
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þ
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Non-accelerated filer:
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¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Smaller reporting company:
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¨
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act). Yes
¨
No
þ
As of October 24, 2012, the number of shares of the registrants common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding was
133,882,699 shares.
2
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
(UNAUDITED)
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September 30,
2012
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December 31,
2011
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ASSETS
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Current assets:
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Cash and cash equivalents
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$
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251,874
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$
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118,271
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Restricted cash
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1,353
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411
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Receivables from related party
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1,376
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1,157
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Other current assets
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3,204
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3,999
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Total current assets
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257,807
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123,838
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Intangible asset, net
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8,708
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Property and equipment, net
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3,908
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4,696
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Restricted cash
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750
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750
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Receivables from related party, net of current portion
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6,460
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Other assets
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3,962
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3,052
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Total assets
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$
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272,887
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$
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141,044
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
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Current liabilities:
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Accounts payable
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$
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2,681
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$
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2,886
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Accrued expenses
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10,661
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8,413
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Deferred revenue
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36,068
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Deferred revenue, related party
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714
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2,897
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Other current liabilities
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713
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261
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Total current liabilities
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14,769
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50,525
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Other long-term liabilities
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9,639
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10,640
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Deferred revenue, net of current portion
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4,272
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4,272
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Deferred revenue, related party, net of current portion
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4,167
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24,382
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Total liabilities
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32,847
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89,819
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Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
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Stockholders equity:
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Common stock, $0.001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011; 133,882,699
and 107,218,463 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively
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134
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107
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Additional paid-in capital
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925,019
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726,468
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Accumulated other comprehensive income
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276
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365
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Accumulated deficit
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(685,389
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)
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(675,715
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)
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|
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|
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Total stockholders equity
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240,040
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51,225
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Total liabilities and stockholders equity
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$
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272,887
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$
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141,044
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|
|
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|
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
(UNAUDITED)
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Three Months Ended September 30,
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2012
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2011
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Revenues:
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Collaboration revenue related party
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$
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32,253
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$
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1,982
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Other revenue
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656
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Total revenues
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32,253
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2,638
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Operating expenses:
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Cost of revenues
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509
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|
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|
595
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Research and development
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13,469
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10,190
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General and administrative
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6,164
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|
|
|
3,900
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Intangible asset impairment
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8,045
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Total operating expenses
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28,187
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14,685
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Income (loss) from operations
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|
4,066
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(12,047
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)
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Other income, net
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|
205
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|
|
338
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|
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|
|
|
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Income (loss) before income taxes
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4,271
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|
(11,709
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)
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Income tax expense
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net income (loss)
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$
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4,271
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|
$
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(11,709
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)
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Earnings (loss) per common share:
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Basic
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$
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0.03
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$
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(0.12
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)
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Diluted
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$
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0.03
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$
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(0.12
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)
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Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
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Basic
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124,770
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96,133
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|
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Diluted
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126,847
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|
96,133
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|
|
|
|
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Comprehensive income (loss):
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|
|
|
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Net income (loss)
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$
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4,271
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|
|
$
|
(11,709
|
)
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Changes in other comprehensive income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
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|
|
163
|
|
|
|
(386
|
)
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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Comprehensive income (loss)
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|
$
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4,434
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|
|
$
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(12,095
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)
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
|
|
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Nine Months Ended September 30,
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2012
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|
2011
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Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Collaboration revenue related party
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|
$
|
33,268
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$
|
5,715
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|
Other revenue
|
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|
36,068
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|
|
|
1,967
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Total revenues
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|
69,336
|
|
|
|
7,682
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Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of revenues
|
|
|
2,302
|
|
|
|
1,731
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
52,604
|
|
|
|
28,530
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General and administrative
|
|
|
16,798
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|
|
|
12,293
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|
Intangible asset impairment
|
|
|
8,045
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
79,749
|
|
|
|
42,554
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from operations
|
|
|
(10,413
|
)
|
|
|
(34,872
|
)
|
Other income, net
|
|
|
740
|
|
|
|
1,019
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before income taxes
|
|
|
(9,673
|
)
|
|
|
(33,853
|
)
|
Income tax expense
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(9,674
|
)
|
|
$
|
(33,854
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per common share
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.39
|
)
|
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per common share
|
|
|
113,671
|
|
|
|
87,414
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive loss:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(9,674
|
)
|
|
$
|
(33,854
|
)
|
Changes in other comprehensive income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment
|
|
|
(89
|
)
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive loss
|
|
$
|
(9,763
|
)
|
|
$
|
(33,847
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
Cash flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(9,674
|
)
|
|
$
|
(33,854
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
2,234
|
|
|
|
3,036
|
|
Share-based compensation expense
|
|
|
3,154
|
|
|
|
1,843
|
|
Revenue adjustment for contingently issuable shares
|
|
|
(1,331
|
)
|
|
|
(17
|
)
|
Intangible asset impairment
|
|
|
8,045
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
164
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables from related party
|
|
|
(6,679
|
)
|
|
|
(321
|
)
|
Other assets
|
|
|
(141
|
)
|
|
|
(2,354
|
)
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
(205
|
)
|
|
|
(882
|
)
|
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
|
|
|
2,749
|
|
|
|
(4,130
|
)
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
(36,068
|
)
|
|
|
(1,967
|
)
|
Deferred revenue, related party
|
|
|
(21,587
|
)
|
|
|
(2,343
|
)
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
(998
|
)
|
|
|
(780
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(60,502
|
)
|
|
|
(41,605
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases of property and equipment
|
|
|
(834
|
)
|
|
|
(752
|
)
|
Increase in restricted cash
|
|
|
(942
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(1,776
|
)
|
|
|
(752
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options
|
|
|
5,148
|
|
|
|
685
|
|
Proceeds from issuance of common stock to related party
|
|
|
291
|
|
|
|
5,056
|
|
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs
|
|
|
190,505
|
|
|
|
55,169
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
195,944
|
|
|
|
60,910
|
|
Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(63
|
)
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
133,603
|
|
|
|
18,578
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
|
|
118,271
|
|
|
|
46,115
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
|
|
$
|
251,874
|
|
|
$
|
64,693
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in value of shares of common stock contingently issuable or issued to related party
|
|
$
|
(520
|
)
|
|
$
|
(120
|
)
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
1. BUSINESS OVERVIEW
Overview
Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which we refer to together with our wholly owned subsidiaries as Idenix, we, us or our, is a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery and development of drugs for
the treatment of human viral diseases with operations in the United States and France. Currently, our primary research and development focus is on the treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus, or HCV, using nucleoside/nucleotide polymerase
inhibitors and NS5A inhibitors. We have two HCV clinical candidates, IDX184, a nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, and IDX719, an NS5A inhibitor. In July 2012, we also submitted an investigational new drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration, or FDA, for our HCV nucleotide inhibitor, IDX19368. In August 2012, the FDA placed IDX184 on partial clinical hold and IDX19368 on clinical hold due to serious cardiac-related adverse events observed with a competitors
nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, BMS-986094 (formerly INX-189). We are reviewing additional pre-clinical and clinical data and conducting further testing to respond to the FDAs concerns.
In May 2003, we entered into a collaboration with Novartis Pharma AG, or Novartis, relating to the worldwide development and
commercialization of our drug candidates, which we refer to as the development and commercialization agreement. In May 2003, we also entered into a stockholders agreement with Novartis, which we refer to as the stockholders agreement. On
July 31, 2012, we and Novartis materially modified our collaboration by executing a termination and revised relationship agreement, which we refer to as the termination agreement, and by amending the stockholders agreement, which we refer
to as the second amended and restated stockholders agreement. These agreements are described more fully in Note 4.
Our
drug development programs and the potential commercialization of our drug candidates will require substantial cash to fund costs that we incur in connection with preclinical studies and clinical trials, regulatory review, manufacturing and sales and
marketing efforts. We have incurred losses in each year since our inception and at September 30, 2012, we had an accumulated deficit of $685.4 million. We expect to incur losses over the next several years as we continue to expand our drug
discovery and development efforts. As a result of continuing losses, we may seek additional funding through a combination of public or private financing, collaborative relationships or other arrangements and we may seek a partner who will assist in
the future development and commercialization of our drug candidates. In July 2012, we filed a universal, automatically effective, well-known seasoned issuer shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, for the
issuance, in one or more public offerings, of common stock, debt securities and other securities at prices and on terms to be determined at the time of the applicable offering. In August 2012, we issued approximately 25.3 million shares of our
common stock under this shelf registration statement and received $190.5 million in net proceeds. Additional funding may not be available to us or, if available, may not be on terms favorable to us. Further, any additional equity financing may be
dilutive to stockholders, other than Novartis, which has the right to maintain its current ownership level. Novartis did not participate in the August 2012 offering and its ownership of our common stock was diluted from approximately 31% prior to
the offering to approximately 25% as of October 24, 2012.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents will be
sufficient to sustain operations through at least March 31, 2014. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing on a timely basis, we could be required to delay, reduce or eliminate one or more of our drug development programs, enter into new
collaborative, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements that may not be favorable to us and reduce the number of our employees. We are subject to risks common to companies in the biopharmaceutical industry including, but not limited to, the
successful development of products, clinical trial uncertainty, regulatory approval, fluctuations in operating results and financial risks, potential need for additional funding, protection of proprietary technology and patent risks, compliance with
government regulations, dependence on key personnel and collaboration partners, competition, technological and medical risks and management of growth.
Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements
reflect the operations of Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared by us in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or
GAAP, for interim reporting. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated
financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2011, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 6,
7
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
2012. These interim financial statements are unaudited, but in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (including normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair statement of the
financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented. The year ended condensed consolidated balance sheet data presented for comparative purposes was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all
disclosures required by GAAP.
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires
management to make estimates and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, judgments
and methodologies, including those related to revenue recognition, our collaborative relationships, clinical trial expenses, impairment and amortization of long-lived assets including intangible assets, share-based compensation, income taxes
including the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for
making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for any future period or the fiscal year ending December 31, 2012.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2011-11,
Disclosures
about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
. The amendments in this update require an entity to disclose information about offsetting and related arrangements to enable users of its financial statements to understand the effect of those arrangements
on its financial position. An entity is required to apply the amendments for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. An entity should provide the disclosures required by
those amendments retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. We do not expect its adoption to have a material impact on our financial position or results of our operations.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101,
Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements
, or SAB No. 101, as amended by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin
No. 104,
Revenue Recognition
, and for revenue arrangements entered into after June 30, 2003, in accordance with the revenue recognition guidance of the FASB.
For multiple-element revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified after January 1, 2011, we recognize revenue under Accounting Standard Update No. 2009-13,
Multiple-Deliverable
Revenue Arrangements
, or ASU No. 2009-13. We record revenue provided that there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collectability
is reasonably assured.
Our revenues are generated primarily through collaborative research, development and/or
commercialization agreements. The terms of these agreements typically have included payments to us for non-refundable license fees, milestones, collaborative research and development funding and royalties received from our collaboration partners.
Collaboration Revenue Related Party
Development and Commercialization Agreement
In May 2003, we entered
into the development and commercialization agreement with Novartis which related to the worldwide development and commercialization of our drug candidates. This agreement along with several other agreements between us and Novartis, constituted our
collaborative arrangement with Novartis which was treated as a single unit of accounting for revenue recognition purposes. In July 2012, the development and commercialization agreement was materially amended and the termination agreement was entered
into between us and Novartis. The termination agreement is described in detail in Note 4.
8
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
Prior to August 2012, under the development and commercialization agreement, we received
non-refundable license fees, milestones, collaborative research and development funding and royalty payments. This arrangement had several joint committees in which we and Novartis participated. We participated in these committees as a means to
govern or protect our interests. The committees spanned the period from early development of a drug candidate through commercialization of any drug candidate licensed by Novartis. As a result of applying the provisions of SAB No. 101, which was
the applicable revenue guidance at the time the collaboration was entered into, our revenue recognition policy attributed revenue to the development period of the drug candidates licensed under the development and commercialization agreement. We did
not attribute revenue to our involvement in the committees following the commercialization of the licensed products as we determined that our participation on the committees, as such participation relates to the commercialization of drug candidates,
was protective. Our determination was based in part on the fact that our expertise is, and has been, the discovery and development of drugs for the treatment of human viral diseases. Novartis, on the other hand, has the considerable
commercialization expertise and infrastructure necessary for the commercialization of such drug candidates. Accordingly, we believe our obligation post commercialization was inconsequential.
Prior to August 2012, we recognized non-refundable payments over the performance period of our continuing obligations. This period was
estimated based on judgments related to the product development timeline of our licensed drug candidates and was estimated to be through May 2021. This policy is described more fully in Note 4.
Upon the grant of options and stock awards under stock incentive plans, with the exception of the 1998 equity incentive plan, as amended,
or the 1998 plan, the fair value of our common stock that would be issuable to Novartis, less the exercise price, was recorded as a reduction of the non-refundable payments associated with the Novartis collaboration. Prior to August 2012, the amount
was attributed proportionately between cumulative revenue recognized through the current date and the remaining amount of deferred revenue. This policy is described more fully in Note 4.
Prior to August 2012, royalty revenue consisted of revenue earned under the development and commercialization
agreement with Novartis for sales of telbivudine
(Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
), which was recognized when reported from Novartis. Royalty revenue was equal to a percentage of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
net sales, with such
percentage increasing according to specified tiers of net sales. The royalty percentage varied based on the specified territory and the aggregate dollar amount of net sales.
Termination Agreement
In July 2012, we and Novartis materially amended the
development and commercialization agreement that was established in May 2003, which is considered a material modification under ASU No. 2009-13. As of August 2012, we will recognize revenue related to the termination agreement with Novartis
under ASU No. 2009-13 which: a) provides updated guidance on when multiple elements exist, how the elements in an arrangement should be separated and how the arrangement considerations should be allocated to the separate elements; b) requires
an entity to allocate arrangement considerations to each element based on a selling price hierarchy, where the selling price for an element is based on vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, if available, or third-party evidence, or TPE, if
available and VSOE is not available, or the best estimate of selling price, or BESP, if neither VSOE nor TPE is available; and c) eliminates the use of the residual method and requires an entity to allocate arrangement considerations using the
selling price hierarchy.
We evaluated our modified arrangement with Novartis and determined that the agreements should
continue to be treated as a single unit of accounting. Under the termination agreement we granted Novartis a non-exclusive license to conduct clinical trials evaluating a combination of any of our and Novartis HCV drug candidates after the HCV
drug candidates have completed dose-ranging studies, subject to meeting certain criteria. The non-exclusive license is the only revenue-generating deliverable remaining under the modified arrangement and since neither VSOE nor TPE for the
non-exclusive license deliverable was available, the selling price for the non-exclusive license was established using the BESP. Prior to the execution of the termination agreement, the balance of deferred revenue, related party was $24.7 million.
We determined that the BESP of Novartis non-exclusive license at July 31, 2012 was $5.0 million and we recognized the excess deferred revenue over the BESP, or $19.7 million, as collaborative revenue related party in the third quarter
of 2012. As of September 30, 2012, the remaining balance of $4.9 million was included in deferred revenue, related party in our condensed consolidated balance sheet and will be recognized as collaboration revenue related party on a
straight-line basis over the term of the non-exclusive license, or seven years. In establishing BESP for the non-exclusive license, we used a discounted cash flow model and considered the likelihood of our and Novartis drugs being
commercialized, the development and commercialization timeline, discount rate, and probable treatment combination and associated peak sales figures which generate royalty amounts. The termination agreement is described more fully in Note 4.
9
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
Other Revenue
In February 2009, we licensed our non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or NNRTI, compounds to GlaxoSmithKline, or GSK. This agreement, which we refer to as the ViiV license agreement, was
assigned to ViiV Healthcare Company, or ViiV, which is an affiliate of GSK. Under the ViiV license agreement, we granted ViiV an exclusive worldwide license to develop, manufacture and commercialize our NNRTI compounds, including IDX899, now known
as 761, for the treatment of human diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus type-1, or HIV, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS. This agreement had performance obligations, including joint committee participation and
ViiVs right to license other NNRTI compounds that we may develop in the future, that we have assessed under the FASB guidance related to multiple element arrangements, prior to the implementation of ASU No. 2009-13. We concluded that this
arrangement should be accounted for as a single unit of accounting and recognized as revenue using the contingency adjusted performance method. Under this agreement, we received a non-refundable license fee payment and milestone payments from ViiV.
These milestone payments did not meet our revenue recognition criteria for immediate recognition. The non-refundable license fee payment and milestone payments received under the ViiV license agreement were recorded as deferred revenue and were
being recognized as revenue over the life of the agreement, which was estimated to be 17 years. A cumulative catch-up was recognized for the period from the execution of the license agreement in March 2009 through the period in which the milestone
payments were received.
In February 2011, ViiV informed us that the FDA placed 761 on clinical hold and
subsequently, the ViiV license agreement was terminated on March 15, 2012. Upon termination, ViiV relinquished all rights it had in the intellectual property licensed from us and granted us an exclusive, perpetual and irrevocable license to any
intellectual property relating to the licensed products it may have developed during the term of the license agreement. We will not receive any additional milestone or royalty payments under the ViiV license agreement. During the first quarter of
2012, as a result of the termination, we recognized the deferred revenue balance of $36.1 million as other collaboration revenue which was included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30,
2012.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity date of 90 days or less at the date of purchase to be cash
equivalents.
In connection with certain of our operating lease commitments, we issued letters of credit collateralized by
cash deposits that were classified as restricted cash on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Restricted cash amounts have been classified as current or non-current based on the expected release date of the restrictions. In the first quarter
of 2012, a $0.4 million letter of credit was cancelled and released due to the termination of an operating lease in December 2011. In connection with a new operating lease entered into in the third quarter of 2012, we issued a letter of credit of
$1.4 million collateralized by cash deposits. As of September 30, 2012, we had outstanding letters of credit of $1.4 million and $0.8 million which were classified in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as short term restricted cash and
long term restricted cash, respectively.
Fair Value Measurements
Our financial statements include assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2012
and December 31, 2011. Fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize observable data such as quoted prices in active markets. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize data points other than quoted prices in active markets that are
observable either directly or indirectly. Fair values determined by Level 3 inputs utilize unobservable data points in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.
At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we had $222.0 million and $102.6 million, respectively, invested in money market
funds. Our money market investments have calculated net asset values and are therefore classified as Level 2. There were no Level 3 assets held at fair value at September 30, 2012 or at December 31, 2011. There were no gross unrealized gains or
losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 or 2011.
10
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
Share-Based Compensation
We recognize share-based compensation for employees and directors using a fair value based method that results in expense being recognized
in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
3. NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE
Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders
by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares
and other potential common shares then outstanding. Potential common shares consist of common shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of outstanding stock options (using the treasury stock method) and the issuance of contingently issuable shares
subject to Novartis stock subscription rights (Note 4) and restricted stock awards.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
|
|
|
|
Income
(Numerator)
|
|
|
Shares
(Denominator)
|
|
|
Amount
per Share
|
|
|
|
In Thousands, Except per Share Data
|
|
Basic EPS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income available to common stockholders
|
|
$
|
4,271
|
|
|
|
124,770
|
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,676
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contingently issuable shares to related party
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
401
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted EPS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income available to common stockholders
|
|
$
|
4,271
|
|
|
|
126,847
|
|
|
$
|
0.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There were no common shares excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share as of the three months
ended September 30, 2012.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2011
|
|
|
|
(In Thousands, Except
per Share Data)
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(11,709
|
)
|
Basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding
|
|
|
96,133
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per common share
|
|
$
|
(0.12
|
)
|
The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per common share
for the three months ended September 30, 2011 because their effect was anti-dilutive:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2011
|
|
|
|
(In Thousands)
|
|
Options
|
|
|
7,804
|
|
Contingently issuable shares to related party
|
|
|
1,714
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,518
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
|
(In Thousands, Except
per Share Data)
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(9,674
|
)
|
|
$
|
(33,854
|
)
|
Basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding
|
|
|
113,671
|
|
|
|
87,414
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per common share
|
|
$
|
(0.09
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.39
|
)
|
The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per common share
for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 because their effect was anti-dilutive:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
|
(In Thousands)
|
|
Options
|
|
|
7,666
|
|
|
|
7,804
|
|
Contingently issuable shares to related party
|
|
|
709
|
|
|
|
1,714
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,375
|
|
|
|
9,518
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In addition to the contingently issuable shares to related party listed in the tables above, Novartis could be entitled
to additional shares under its stock subscription rights which would be anti-dilutive in future periods based on our current stock price.
4. NOVARTIS RELATIONSHIP
Collaboration with Novartis
We entered into the development and commercialization agreement with Novartis related to the worldwide development and commercialization of our drug candidates in May 2003. In July 2012, we and Novartis
materially modified our collaboration by executing the termination agreement and the second amended and restated stockholders agreement.
The collaboration entered into in May 2003 included the following agreements and transactions which together constituted our arrangement with Novartis which was treated as a single unit of accounting for
revenue recognition purposes:
|
|
|
the development and commercialization agreement, under which we collaborated with Novartis to develop, manufacture and commercialize drug candidates
which Novartis licensed from us;
|
|
|
|
the manufacturing and supply agreement, under which Novartis manufactured for us the active pharmaceutical ingredient for the clinical
development and, under certain circumstances, commercial supply of drug candidates Novartis licensed from us and for the finishing and packaging of licensed products;
|
|
|
|
the stock purchase agreement, under which Novartis purchased approximately 54% of our then outstanding capital stock from certain stockholders for
$255.0 million in cash, with an additional aggregate amount of up to $357.0 million contingently payable to these stockholders if we achieved predetermined milestones with respect to the development of specific HCV drug candidates, including
valopicitabine, which we ceased developing in July 2007;
|
|
|
|
the stockholders agreement, which was subsequently amended and restated in July 2004 and amended in April 2011, which provided Novartis with,
among other things, registration rights, certain corporate governance rights including board representation and participation rights in future issuances of our securities; and
|
12
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
|
a letter agreement, which was subsequently amended in January 2009 and April 2011. We refer to the letter agreement, as amended, as the letter
agreement. The letter agreement provided Novartis with rights regarding the appointment and removal of our chief financial officer and other matters.
|
Termination Agreement
Termination of Novartis Option to License
our Development Stage Drug Candidates
Under the development and commercialization agreement, Novartis had an option to
license any of our development-stage drug candidates after demonstration of activity and safety in a proof-of-concept clinical trial so long as Novartis maintained at least 30% ownership of our voting stock. If Novartis licensed a drug candidate, it
was obligated to fund a portion of the development expenses that we incurred in accordance with development plans agreed upon by the parties. Under the development and commercialization agreement, we granted Novartis an exclusive worldwide license
to market and sell drug candidates that Novartis chose to license from us. The commercialization rights under the development and commercialization agreement also included our right to co-promote and co-market all licensed products in the United
States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. In other countries, we would receive a royalty payment from Novartis based on net product sales.
Under the development and commercialization agreement, we granted Novartis an exclusive worldwide license to develop, market and sell Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
, valtorcitabine and
valopicitabine. Under this agreement, we have received $117.2 million of non-refundable payments from Novartis related to these drug candidates that have been recorded as deferred revenue. Through July 2012, the $117.2 million of deferred
payments were being recognized over the development period of the licensed drug candidates, which represented the period of our continuing obligations, in accordance with revenue recognition guidance that was applicable at the time the collaboration
was entered into. We estimated this period to be through May 2021 based on judgments related to the product development timeline of our licensed drug candidates. Significant judgments and estimates were involved in determining the estimated
development period and different assumptions could have yielded materially different results. Related to the deferred revenue under the development and commercialization agreement, we recognized $0.3 million and $0.8 million as revenue during the
three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and we recognized $1.9 million and $2.3 million as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. These amounts were impacted by Novartis
stock subscription rights described below.
Pursuant to the termination agreement, Novartis option right to license our
current and future development-stage drug candidates in any therapeutic area has terminated. In exchange, we have agreed to pay Novartis a royalty based on worldwide product sales of our HCV drug products, unless such drug products are prescribed in
combination with Novartis HCV drug products. The royalty percentage will vary based on our commercialized HCV drug product, but range from the high single digits to the low double digit percentages. Royalties are payable until the later to
occur of: a) expiration of the last-to-expire of specified patent rights in a country; or b) ten years after the first commercial sale of a product in such country, provided that if royalties are payable on a product after the expiration of the
patent rights in a country, each of the respective royalty rates for such product in such country would be reduced by one-half.
Novartis Non-Exclusive License to Conduct Combination Trials
Pursuant to the termination agreement, we granted Novartis a non-exclusive license to conduct clinical trials evaluating a combination of
any of our and Novartis HCV drug candidates after the HCV drug candidates have completed dose-ranging studies, subject to meeting certain criteria. Under certain circumstances Novartis may conduct a dose ranging study with respect to our HCV
drug candidates. With respect to any combination trial, certain criteria must first be met prior to the commencement of such combination clinical trial, including, but not limited to: a) the Novartis HCV drug candidate at issue cannot be subject to
any clinical hold imposed by a regulatory authority; and b) a drug-drug interaction study between the Novartis HCV drug candidate and our HCV drug candidate must be conducted by either Novartis or us. If the parties cannot agree to the initiation of
a combination trial, an independent data safety monitoring board will determine whether or not the combination trial should be initiated based on the safety profile of each HCV drug candidate. We have agreed to supply Novartis with our HCV drug
candidates for use in such combination trials. We and Novartis have agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to, in good faith, enter into a supply agreement and other relevant agreements in connection with any such combination trial.
Novartis ability to initiate combination trials expires on the seven year anniversary of the execution of the termination agreement, or July 2019, although any then existing combination study commenced prior to such expiration date may
continue after the expiration date.
13
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
As previously noted, since neither VSOE nor TPE for the non-exclusive license
deliverable was available, the selling price for this non-exclusive license was established using the BESP. Prior to the execution of the termination agreement, the balance of deferred revenue, related party was $24.7 million. We determined the BESP
of the non-exclusive license at July 31, 2012 to be $5.0 million and recognized the excess deferred revenue over the BESP, or $19.7 million, as collaborative revenue related party in the three months ended September 30, 2012. The
remaining deferred revenue of $5.0 million will be recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the non-exclusive license, or seven years. During the three months ended September 30, 2012, we recognized $0.1 million of
collaboration revenue related to the non-exclusive license and as of September 30, 2012, we had a balance of $4.9 million of deferred revenue, related party in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Product Sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the Treatment of
the Hepatitis B Virus
In 2003 under the development and commercialization agreement, Novartis licensed
Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
from us for the treatment of the hepatitis B virus, or HBV. In September 2007, we and Novartis entered into an amendment to the development and commercialization
agreement pursuant to which we transferred to Novartis worldwide development, commercialization and manufacturing rights and obligations pertaining to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. Subsequently, we
received royalty payments equal to a percentage of net sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
through July 31, 2012, the date of the termination agreement. We recognized $0.4 million and
$1.2 million as royalty revenue from Novartis sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
during the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and we recognized $2.9 million
and $3.4 million as royalty revenue from Novartis sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Royalty revenues for the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2012 included royalty payments through July 31, 2012, the date of the termination agreement. The receivables from related party balance of $7.8 million at September 30, 2012 consisted of $0.4 million of
royalties associated with product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
from Novartis and $7.4 million for the reimbursement by Novartis of the contractual payments to a third-party which have been recorded as collaboration revenue
related party in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The receivables from related party balance of $1.2 million at December 31, 2011 consisted solely of royalties associated
with product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
from Novartis.
Under
the termination agreement executed in July 2012, we will no longer receive royalty or milestone payments from Novartis based upon worldwide product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of
HBV. Novartis is committed to reimburse us for contractual payments to third-parties in connection with intellectual property related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. We will otherwise be
responsible for any payments to third-parties in connection with intellectual property necessary to sell
Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. Contractual payments to third-parties are described more fully in Note 9.
Termination or Breach by Either Party
If either we or Novartis materially
breaches the termination agreement and does not cure such breach within 30 days, the non-breaching party may terminate this agreement in its entirety. Either party may also terminate this agreement, effective immediately, if the other party files
for bankruptcy, is dissolved, or has a receiver appointed for substantially all of its property. Novartis may also terminate this agreement for convenience. If Novartis terminates this agreement either because of a material breach by us that has not
been cured or because we have filed for bankruptcy, Novartis may, at its election, retain the licenses granted to it by us under the termination agreement to conduct clinical trials evaluating a combination of any of our HCV drug candidates and any
of Novartis HCV drug candidates and we would remain obligated to make royalty payments to Novartis on sales of our HCV drug products. If we terminate this agreement either because of a material breach by Novartis that has not been cured or
because Novartis has filed for bankruptcy, or if Novartis terminates this agreement for convenience, the licenses granted to Novartis to conduct combination trials terminate and we would remain obligated to make royalty payments to Novartis on sales
of our HCV drug products.
Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify Novartis and its affiliates against losses suffered as a result of our development, manufacture and commercialization of our HCV products. We have also agreed to indemnify
Novartis and its affiliates against losses suffered as a result of any breach of representations and warranties in the termination agreement, the development and commercialization agreement and the stock purchase agreement. Under these agreements
with Novartis, we made numerous representations and warranties to Novartis regarding our drug candidates for the treatment of HBV and HCV, including representations regarding ownership of related inventions and discoveries. In the event of a breach
of any such representation or warranty by us, Novartis has the right to seek indemnification from us and, under certain
14
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
circumstances, our stockholders who sold shares to Novartis in 2003, which includes certain of our directors and officers, for damages suffered by Novartis as a result of such breach. The amounts
for which we and our stockholders could be liable to Novartis could be substantial.
Future Agreements and Possible
Competition with Novartis
Under the termination agreement, following the receipt of certain data related to a combination
trial and upon Novartis request, we and Novartis are obligated to use, in good faith, commercially reasonable efforts to negotiate a future agreement for the development, manufacture and commercialization of such combination therapy for the
treatment of HCV. Any future arrangement may set forth any co-promotion and co-marketing rights we may retain and any net benefit to us and Novartis attributable to such rights. Neither party is obligated to negotiate for a period longer than 180
days. Also under the termination agreement, Novartis has a non-exclusive license to conduct clinical trials evaluating a combination of any of our HCV drug candidates and any of Novartis HCV drug candidates after certain criteria have been
met. If Novartis obtains regulatory approval to co-label a Novartis HCV drug product with one or more of our HCV drug products, Novartis could market and sell a combination that may compete with our drug candidates and/or combination products that
we market and sell in the future.
Stock Purchase Agreement
In May 2003, Novartis purchased approximately 54% of our then outstanding capital stock from our stockholders. In connection with Novartis purchase of stock from our stockholders, we, Novartis
and substantially all of our stockholders at that time entered into the stockholders agreement which was amended and restated in 2004 and amended in April 2011 in connection with an underwritten offering of our common stock. The
stockholders received $255.0 million in cash from Novartis with an additional aggregate amount of up to $357.0 million contingently payable to these stockholders if we achieve predetermined development milestones relating to specific HCV
drug candidates. The stock purchase agreement remains unchanged and Novartis is still obligated to make such contingent payments.
Second
Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement
In July 2012, we, Novartis and certain other stockholders entered into a
second amended and restated stockholders agreement which includes the terms as described below.
Novartis
Registration Rights
Under the second amended and restated stockholders agreement, Novartis maintains its rights to
cause us to register for resale, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, shares held by Novartis and/or its affiliates.
Corporate Governance Rights
Under the stockholders agreement, we had agreed to use our reasonable best efforts to nominate for election as directors at least two designees of Novartis for so long as Novartis and its affiliates
owned at least 30% of our voting stock and at least one designee of Novartis for so long as Novartis and its affiliates owned at least 19.4% of our voting stock. Furthermore, Novartis had approval rights over a number of corporate actions that we or
our subsidiaries may take, including the authorization or issuance of additional shares of capital stock and significant acquisitions and dispositions, as long as Novartis and its affiliates continued to own at least 19.4% of our voting stock. Under
the second amended and restated stockholders agreement executed in July 2012, we have agreed to use our reasonable best efforts to nominate for election one designee of Novartis for so long as Novartis and its affiliates own at least 15% of
our voting stock. Novartis maintains its rights to appoint a non-voting observer to any committee of our board of directors. All of Novartis other corporate governance rights, including its rights under the letter agreement, were terminated
pursuant to the second amended and restated stockholders agreement.
Novartis Stock Subscription Rights
Under the stockholders agreement, Novartis had the right to purchase, at par value of $0.001 per share, such number
of shares as was required to maintain its percentage ownership of our voting stock if we issued shares of capital stock in connection with the acquisition or in-licensing of technology through the issuance of up to 5% of our stock in any 24-month
period. These purchase rights have been terminated under the second amended and restated stockholders agreement.
15
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
In addition to the right to purchase shares of our stock at par value as described above
under the stockholders agreement, if we issued any shares of capital stock, other than in certain situations, Novartis had the right to purchase such number of shares required to maintain its percentage ownership of our voting stock for the
same consideration per share paid by others acquiring our stock. Under the second amended and restated stockholders agreement, if we issue any shares of our capital stock, other than in limited situations, Novartis continues to have the right
to purchase such number of shares required to maintain its percentage ownership of our voting stock for either the same consideration per share paid by others acquiring our stock or, in specified situations, for a 10% premium to the consideration
per share paid by others acquiring our stock.
Through July 2012, upon the grant of options and stock awards under our stock
incentive plans, with the exception of the 1998 plan, the fair value of our common stock that would be issuable to Novartis, less the exercise price, was recorded as a reduction of the non-refundable payments associated with the Novartis
collaboration. The amount was attributed proportionately between cumulative revenue recognized through the current date and the remaining amount of deferred revenue. Novartis retains these rights under the second amended and restated
stockholders agreement that was executed in July 2012. As of July 31, 2012, the aggregate impact of Novartis stock subscription rights reduced the non-refundable payments by $26.3 million, which was recorded as additional
paid-in capital. Of this amount, $6.3 million was recorded as a reduction of deferred revenue with the remaining amount of $20.0 million recorded as a reduction of license fee revenue. For the month of July 2012, the impact of
Novartis stock subscription rights reduced additional paid-in capital by $0.4 million, increased deferred revenue by $0.1 million and increased license fee revenue by $0.3 million.
Commencing in August 2012, the change in fair value of Novartis stock subscription rights under the second amended and restated
stockholders agreement is accounted for solely as an adjustment to the cumulative revenue recognized from the grant of the non-exclusive license to conduct combination trials to Novartis under the termination agreement and the stock
subscription rights no longer impact deferred revenue. The fair value of the stock subscription rights is estimated using a trinomial lattice valuation model which includes inputs of our per share common stock price, exercise prices of outstanding
options, expected term of our options and exercise rates as well as assumptions regarding expected volatility and exercise multiples. For August 2012 through September 2012, using the trinomial lattice model, the impact of Novartiss stock
subscription rights decreased additional paid-in capital by $4.0 million and increased license fee revenue by $4.0 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2012, the impact of Novartis stock subscription rights has reduced additional paid-in
capital by $0.4 million, decreased deferred revenue by $0.9 million and increased license fee revenue by $1.3 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, there was no cumulative significant impact of Novartis stock
subscription rights to additional paid-in capital, deferred revenue or license fee revenue as the value of Novartis stock subscription rights at September 30, 2011 was comparable with the values at June 30, 2011 and December 31,
2010, respectively.
In connection with the closing of our initial public offering in July 2004, Novartis terminated a
common stock subscription right with respect to approximately 1.4 million shares of common stock issuable by us as a result of the exercise of stock options granted after May 8, 2003 pursuant to the 1998 plan. In exchange for
Novartis termination of such right, we issued 1.1 million shares of common stock to Novartis for a purchase price of $0.001 per share. The fair value of these shares was determined to be $15.4 million at the time of issuance. As a
result of the issuance of these shares, Novartis rights to purchase additional shares as a result of future option grants and stock issuances under the 1998 plan were terminated and no additional adjustments to revenue and deferred revenue are
required. As we granted options that were subject to this stock subscription right, the fair value of our common stock that would be issuable to Novartis, less par value, was recorded as an adjustment of the non-refundable payments received from
Novartis. We remain subject to potential revenue adjustments with respect to grants of options and stock awards under our stock incentive plans other than the 1998 plan.
Prior to July 2012, any financing requiring the issuance of additional shares of capital stock had to first be approved by Novartis so long as Novartis owned at least 19.4% of our voting stock. This right
was terminated in July 2012 under the second amended and restated stockholders agreement with Novartis and therefore Novartis approval was not required for the underwritten offering in August 2012. We received Novartis approval for
the following offerings in 2011:
16
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
|
in April 2011, we received approval from Novartis to issue capital shares so long as the issuance of shares did not reduce Novartis interest
in Idenix below 30%. In April 2011, we issued approximately 21.1 million shares of our common stock pursuant to a September 2008 shelf registration statement and approximately 1.8 million shares of our common stock to Novartis pursuant to
a private placement agreement. The net proceeds of both transactions were $60.2 million. Upon completion of this offering, we fully utilized the shelf registration statement and Novartis owned approximately 35% of our outstanding common stock.
In conjunction with the issuance of common stock in April 2011, we amended the collaboration with Novartis to provide that: a) Novartis retained the exclusive option to obtain rights to drug candidates developed by us so long as Novartis maintained
ownership of at least 30% of our common stock, rather than ownership of at least 40% as was the case prior to the amendment; b) we would use reasonable best efforts to nominate for election as directors at least two designees of Novartis so long as
Novartis maintained ownership of at least 30% of our common stock, rather than ownership of at least 35% as was the case prior to the amendment; and c) Novartis consent was required for the selection and appointment of our chief financial
officer so long as Novartis owned at least 30% of our common stock, rather than ownership of at least 40% as was the case prior to the amendment; and
|
|
|
|
in November 2011, we received approval from Novartis to issue capital shares so long as the issuance of shares did not reduce Novartis interest
in Idenix below 31%. In October 2011, we filed a universal shelf registration statement with the SEC which allowed us to offer and sell from time to time up to a maximum of $150.0 million of shares of common stock, at prices and terms to be
determined at the time of sale. Pursuant to this shelf registration statement, in November 2011, we issued approximately 10.8 million shares of our common stock pursuant to an underwritten offering and received $65.8 million in net proceeds.
Novartis did not participate in this offering.
|
5. VIIV HEALTHCARE COMPANY AND GLAXOSMITHKLINE COLLABORATION
In February 2009, we entered into the ViiV license agreement which granted ViiV an exclusive worldwide license to
develop, manufacture and commercialize our NNRTI compounds, including IDX899, now known as 761, for the treatment of human diseases, including HIV/AIDS. We also entered into a stock purchase agreement with GSK in February 2009, which we
refer to as the GSK stock purchase agreement. Under this agreement, GSK purchased approximately 2.5 million shares of our common stock at an aggregate purchase price of $17.0 million, or a per share price of $6.87. These agreements became
effective in March 2009.
In March 2009, we received $34.0 million related to this collaboration, which
consisted of a $17.0 million license fee payment under the ViiV license agreement and $17.0 million under the GSK stock purchase agreement described above. In 2010, we received a $6.5 million milestone payment related to the
achievement of a preclinical operational milestone and a $20.0 million milestone payment for the initiation of a phase IIb clinical study of 761. Pursuant to the ViiV license agreement, we were eligible to receive up to $390.0 million in
additional milestone payments as well as double-digit tiered royalties on worldwide product sales.
The ViiV license agreement
had performance obligations, including joint committee participation and ViiVs right to license other NNRTI compounds that we may develop in the future, that we have assessed under the FASB guidance related to multiple element arrangements,
prior to the implementation of ASU No. 2009-13. We concluded that this arrangement should be accounted for as a single unit of accounting and recognized as revenue using the contingency adjusted performance method. The milestone payments did
not meet our revenue recognition criteria for immediate recognition and were recognized over the life of the agreement, which was estimated to be 17 years. A cumulative catch-up was recognized for the period from the execution of the license
agreement in March 2009 through the period in which the milestone payments were received. The parties had agreed that if ViiV, its affiliates or its sublicenses desired to develop 761 for an indication other than HIV, or if ViiV intended to
develop any other licensed compound for any indication, the parties would mutually agree on a separate schedule of milestone and royalty payments prior to the start of development.
In February 2011, ViiV informed us that the FDA placed 761 on clinical hold and subsequently, the ViiV license agreement was
terminated on March 15, 2012. Upon termination, ViiV relinquished all rights it had in the intellectual property licensed from us and granted us an exclusive, perpetual and irrevocable license to any intellectual property relating to the
licensed products it may have developed during the term of the license agreement. We will not receive any additional milestone or royalty payments under the ViiV license agreement. During the first quarter of 2012, as a result of the termination, we
recognized the deferred revenue balance of $36.1 million as other collaboration revenue which was included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.
17
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
6. INTANGIBLE ASSET, NET
Our intangible asset related to a settlement agreement entered into by and among us along with our former chief
executive officer in his individual capacity, the Universite Montpellier II, or the University of Montpellier, Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, or CNRS, the Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama on behalf of the University
of Alabama at Birmingham, or UAB, the University of Alabama at Birmingham Research Foundation, or UABRF, and Emory University as described more fully in Note 9. The settlement agreement, entered into in July 2008 and effective as of
June 1, 2008, included a full release of all claims, contractual or otherwise, by the parties.
Pursuant to the settlement agreement, we paid UABRF (on behalf of UAB and Emory University) a $4.0 million
upfront payment and agreed to make additional payments to UABRF equal to 20% of all royalty payments received by us from Novartis based on worldwide sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
, subject to minimum
payment obligations aggregating $11.0 million. Prior to the execution of the termination agreement, we were amortizing the $15.0 million related to this settlement payment to UAB and related entities over the life of the settlement
agreement, or August 2019. Under the termination agreement, we will no longer receive royalty or milestone payments from Novartis based upon worldwide product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of
HBV. We concluded that the intangible asset was effectively abandoned on the effective date of the termination agreement since there are no future cash flows associated with its use and the intangible asset has no alternate use. As a result, we
recorded an impairment charge of $8.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2012.
The following table is a
rollforward of our intangible asset as shown in our condensed consolidated balance sheets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
2012
|
|
|
December 31,
2011
|
|
|
|
(In Thousands)
|
|
Beginning balance
|
|
$
|
8,708
|
|
|
$
|
9,843
|
|
Amortization expense
|
|
|
(663
|
)
|
|
|
(1,135
|
)
|
Intangible asset impairment
|
|
|
(8,045
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending balance
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
8,708
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, accumulated amortization was $15.0 million and
$6.3 million, respectively.
7. ACCRUED EXPENSES
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
2012
|
|
|
December 31,
2011
|
|
|
|
(In Thousands)
|
|
Research and development contract costs
|
|
$
|
3,530
|
|
|
$
|
2,425
|
|
Payroll and benefits
|
|
|
2,214
|
|
|
|
3,267
|
|
Professional fees
|
|
|
2,399
|
|
|
|
592
|
|
Short-term portion of accrued settlement payment
|
|
|
966
|
|
|
|
874
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1,552
|
|
|
|
1,255
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
10,661
|
|
|
$
|
8,413
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
The following table shows share-based compensation expense as included in our condensed consolidated statements of
operations:
18
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
|
(In Thousands)
|
|
|
(In Thousands)
|
|
Research and development
|
|
$
|
495
|
|
|
$
|
269
|
|
|
$
|
1,277
|
|
|
$
|
820
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
741
|
|
|
|
345
|
|
|
|
1,877
|
|
|
|
1,023
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total share-based compensation expense
|
|
$
|
1,236
|
|
|
$
|
614
|
|
|
$
|
3,154
|
|
|
$
|
1,843
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There were no options granted in the three months ended September 30, 2012. For grants issued during the three
months ended September 30, 2011 the risk-free interest rate used was 0.99%, the expected dividend yield was zero, the expected option term was 5.20 years and the expected volatility was 74.8%. The weighted average fair value of options issued
during the three months ended September 30, 2011 was $2.62. The table below illustrates the fair value per share and Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions used for grants issued for the nine months ended
September 30, 2012 and 2011:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
Weighted average fair value of options
|
|
$
|
7.54
|
|
|
$
|
2.15
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
0.87
|
%
|
|
|
2.07
|
%
|
Expected dividend yield
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected option term (in years)
|
|
|
5.32
|
|
|
|
5.20
|
|
Expected volatility
|
|
|
79.3
|
%
|
|
|
75.0
|
%
|
The expected option term and expected volatility were determined by examining the expected option term and expected
volatilities of similarly sized biotechnology companies as well as expected term and expected volatility of our own stock.
The following table summarizes option activity under the equity incentive plans:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
Shares
|
|
|
Weighted
Average Exercise
Price per Share
|
|
Options outstanding at December 31, 2011
|
|
|
7,578,612
|
|
|
$
|
6.25
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
1,605,325
|
|
|
$
|
11.71
|
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
(238,318
|
)
|
|
$
|
11.27
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(1,279,343
|
)
|
|
$
|
4.02
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options outstanding at September 30, 2012
|
|
|
7,666,276
|
|
|
$
|
7.61
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options exercisable at September 30, 2012
|
|
|
5,297,324
|
|
|
$
|
7.44
|
|
We had an aggregate of $12.3 million of share-based compensation expense as of September 30, 2012 remaining
to be amortized over a weighted average expected term of 2.65 years.
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Product and Drug Candidates
In connection with the resolution of matters relating to certain of our HCV drug candidates, in May 2004, we entered into a settlement agreement with UAB which provides for a milestone payment of
$1.0 million to UAB upon receipt of regulatory approval in the United States to market and sell certain HCV products invented or discovered by our former chief executive officer during the period from November 1, 1999 to November 1,
2000. This settlement agreement also provides that we will pay UAB an amount equal to 0.5% of worldwide net sales of such HCV products with a minimum sales-based payment equal to $12.0 million. Currently, there are no such HCV products approved
and therefore there was no related liability recorded as of September 30, 2012.
19
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
We have potential payment obligations under the license agreement with the Universita
degli Studi di Cagliari, or the University of Cagliari, pursuant to which we have the exclusive worldwide right to make, use and sell certain HCV and HIV technologies. We made certain payments to the University of Cagliari under these arrangements
based on the payments we received under the ViiV and GSK collaboration. As a result of the termination of the ViiV license agreement, we will not receive any additional milestone or royalty payments under the ViiV license agreement and therefore do
not expect to make future payments to the University of Cagliari for the patent and patent applications related to 761. We are also liable for certain payments to the University of Cagliari if we receive license fees or milestone payments with
respect to such technology from a collaborator.
Pursuant to the license agreement between us and UAB, we
were granted an exclusive license to the rights that UABRF, an affiliate of UAB, Emory University and CNRS have to a 1995 U.S. patent application and progeny thereof and counterpart patent applications in Europe, Canada, Japan and Australia that
cover the use of certain synthetic nucleosides for the treatment of HBV. In July 2008, we entered into a settlement agreement with UAB, UABRF and Emory University relating to our telbivudine technology. Pursuant to this settlement agreement, all
contractual disputes relating to patents covering the use of certain synthetic nucleosides for the treatment of HBV and all litigation matters relating to patents and patent applications related to the use of ß-L-2-deoxy-nucleosides for
the treatment of HBV assigned to one or more of Idenix, CNRS and the University of Montpellier and which cover the use of
Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV have been resolved. UAB also agreed to abandon certain continuation patent applications it filed in July 2005. Under the terms of
the settlement agreement, we paid UABRF (on behalf of UAB and Emory University) a $4.0 million upfront payment and agreed to make additional payments to UABRF equal to 20% of all royalty payments received by us from Novartis from worldwide
sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
, subject to minimum payment obligations aggregating $11.0 million. Our payment obligations under the settlement agreement will expire in August 2019. The
settlement agreement was effective on June 1, 2008 and included mutual releases of all claims and covenants not to sue among the parties. It also included a release from a third-party scientist who had claimed to have inventorship rights in
certain Idenix/CNRS/University of Montpellier patents. Included in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2012 was a $7.4 million liability related to this settlement agreement. Under the termination agreement, we will no
longer receive royalty or milestone payments from Novartis based upon worldwide product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV in connection with our intellectual property related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. Novartis is required to reimburse us for our contractual payments to UABRF in connection with our intellectual property related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. Included in receivables from related party was $7.4 million for the reimbursement from Novartis for these contractual payments which have been recorded as
collaboration revenue related party in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2012.
In May 2003, we and Novartis entered into an amended and restated agreement with CNRS and the University of Montpellier pursuant to which we worked in collaboration with scientists from CNRS and the
University of Montpellier to discover and develop technologies relating to antiviral substances, including telbivudine. This cooperative agreement expired in December 2006, but we retain rights to exploit the patents derived from the
collaboration. Under the cooperative agreement, we are obligated to make royalty payments for products derived from such patents, including products for HBV, HCV and HIV. Under the termination agreement, we will no longer receive royalty or
milestone payments from Novartis based upon worldwide product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV. Novartis is required to reimburse us for our contractual payments to CNRS and the
University of Montpellier, subject to our assignment to Novartis of our patent rights under the amended and restated agreement with CNRS and the University of Montpellier within 12 months of the execution of the termination agreement, in connection
with our intellectual property related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. Until the assignment of such patents rights to Novartis is effective, payments from Novartis to reimburse us for our contractual payments to CNRS and the University
of Montpellier will be recorded as a deferred payment obligation on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and we will continue to charge payments we make to CNRS to cost of revenues on our condensed consolidated statement of operations. We are in
the process of assigning these patent rights to Novartis.
Legal Contingency
We have been involved in a dispute with the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts and its License Commission pertaining to the level of noise
emitted from certain rooftop equipment at our research facility located at 60 Hampshire Street in Cambridge. The License Commission has claimed that we are in violation of the local noise ordinance pertaining to sound emissions, based on a complaint
from neighbors living adjacent to the property. We have contested this alleged violation before the License Commission, as well as the Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Superior Court. In July 2010, the License Commission granted us a special
variance from the requirements of the local noise ordinance for a period of one-year,
20
IDENIX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTINUED
(UNAUDITED)
effective as of July 1, 2010. In August 2011, the License Commission granted an extension of the July 2010 variance until August 2012. In June 2012, the License Commission granted an
extension of the July 2010 variance until the end of our lease term, or December 31, 2013. We may, however, be required to cease certain activities at the building if: a) the noise emitted from certain rooftop equipment at our research
facility exceeds the levels permitted by the special variance; or b) a future legal challenge to the position of the City of Cambridge and the License Commission is unsuccessful. In any such event, we could be required to relocate to another
facility which could interrupt some of our business activities and could be time consuming and costly. No estimate of a potential loss can be made and therefore we have not recorded a liability associated with this potential contingent matter.
Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify Novartis and its affiliates against losses suffered as a result of any breach of representations and warranties in the termination agreement, development and commercialization
agreement and a stock purchase agreement entered into with Novartis in 2003. Under these agreements with Novartis, we made numerous representations and warranties to Novartis regarding our HBV and HCV drug candidates, including representations
regarding our ownership of the inventions and discoveries. If one or more of these representations or warranties were subsequently determined not to be true at the time they were made to Novartis, we would be in breach of one or both of these
agreements. In the event of such a breach, Novartis has the right to seek indemnification from us and, under certain circumstances, us and our stockholders who sold shares to Novartis in 2003, which include some of our directors and officers, for
damages suffered by Novartis as a result of such breach. While it is possible that we may be required to make payments pursuant to the indemnification obligations we have under these agreements, we cannot reasonably estimate the amount of such
payments or the likelihood that such payments would be required.
Under the ViiV license agreement and the GSK stock purchase
agreement, we have agreed to indemnify ViiV as sublicensee, GSK and their affiliates against losses suffered as a result of our breach of representations and warranties in these agreements. We made numerous representations and warranties to both
parties regarding our NNRTI program, including 761, as well as representations regarding our ownership of inventions and discoveries. If one or more of these representations or warranties were not true at the time we made them, we would be in
breach of these agreements. In the event of a breach, the parties have the right to seek indemnification from us for damages suffered as a result of such breach. While it is possible that we may be required to make payments pursuant to the
indemnification obligations we have under these agreements, we cannot reasonably estimate the amount of such payments or the likelihood that such payments would be required.
21
ITEM 2.
|
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
|
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. For this purpose, any statements contained herein
regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, future revenues, projected costs and expenses, prospects, plans and objectives of management, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. The words
anticipate, believe, estimate, intend, may, plan, will, would and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not
all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Such statements reflect our current views with respect to future events. Because these forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, actual results,
performance or achievements could differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements for a number of important reasons, including those discussed under Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates,
Risk Factors, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We cannot guarantee any future results, levels of activity,
performance or achievements. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as
anticipated, believed, estimated or expected. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q represent our estimates as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (unless another date is indicated) and should
not be relied upon as representing our expectations as of any other date. While we may elect to update these forward-looking statements, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so.
Overview
Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which we refer to together with our
wholly owned subsidiaries as Idenix, we, us or our, is a biopharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery and development of drugs for the treatment of human viral diseases with operations in the United States and France. Currently, our primary
research and development focus is on the treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus, or HCV. Our HCV discovery program is focused on nucleoside/nucleotide polymerase inhibitors and NS5A inhibitors. Our strategic goal is to develop all oral
combinations of direct-acting antiviral, or DAA, drug candidates that should eliminate the need for interferon and/or ribavirin with the current treatment for HCV. Our objective is to develop low dose, once- or twice-daily agents with broad
genotypic activity that have low potential for drug-drug interaction, high tolerability and are designed for use in multiple combination regimens. We may seek to build a combination development strategy, both internally and with partners, to advance
the future of HCV treatments. We believe that nucleosides/nucleotides will have a significant role in a combination DAA strategy for the treatment of HCV and therefore we are currently concentrating a substantial amount of our discovery efforts on
this class of drugs. We believe we have strong nucleoside/nucleotide scientific expertise within our organization and should be able to leverage our intellectual patent portfolio to develop additional novel nucleoside/nucleotide drug candidates.
In August 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, placed IDX184, a nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, on partial
clinical hold and IDX19368, an HCV nucleotide inhibitor, on clinical hold due to serious cardiac-related adverse events observed with a competitors nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, BMS-986094 (formerly INX-189). Refer to the table below for
more details. In order to respond to the FDAs concerns with respect to IDX184, we are reviewing clinical data such as echocardiograms, electrocardiograms and other cardio biomarkers, including NT proBNPs (a biomarker of stress in the left
ventricular wall of the heart used to screen for and diagnose heart failure) and ultra sensitive troponins (a biomarker of cardiac cell death used to diagnose heart attacks). We are also performing
in vitro
cytotoxity studies, including those
on human heart cells and performing non-clinical on-going cardiac safety assessments in
in vivo
animal studies using IDX184. In order to respond to the FDAs concerns with respect to IDX19368, we are conducting additional pre-clinical
toxicology and metabolic studies. We are also working on a risk management plan for cardiac monitoring of patients in the ongoing phase IIb clinical trial of IDX184 and for future clinical trials involving IDX184 or IDX19368. We intend to submit a
response package to the FDA for IDX184 by the end of the year. We cannot estimate when we will submit a response package to the FDA for IDX19368. Once the respective response packages have been submitted to the FDA, we will then work with the FDA to
determine the next steps in the development of these two drug candidates.
The following table summarizes
key information regarding our pipeline of HCV drug candidates as well as telbivudine (Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
):
|
|
|
|
|
Indication
|
|
Product/Drug
Candidates/Programs
|
|
Description
|
HCV
|
|
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Polymerase Inhibitors (IDX184)
|
|
In July of 2011, we initiated the phase IIb clinical trial of IDX184 in treatment-naïve HCV genotype 1-infected patients under a partial clinical hold. In January 2012, we
reported an interim analysis of the first 31 patients following 28 days of treatment which demonstrated that the side effect profile of IDX184 with pegylated interferon and ribavirin, or Peg-IFN/RBV, was consistent with that seen with
Peg-
|
22
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IFN/RBV alone. At 12 weeks, the complete early virologic response (cEVR < 25 IU/mL) was 93% for the 100 mg IDX184 arm (n=15) and 81% for the 50 mg IDX184 arm (n=16) of the study
(intent-to-treat analysis). We provided an interim analysis of the first 31 patients following 28 days of treatment to the FDA and the partial clinical hold was removed in February 2012. In addition, the FDA allowed us to truncate the phase IIb
study from 100 patients, as in the original protocol, to a total of 60 patients, and to expand the enrollment criteria. In May 2012, we completed enrollment of the second cohort of 36 patients. Of the first cohort of 31 patients enrolled in the
study, those who achieved an extended rapid virologic response, or eRVR, (n=18), defined as having undetectable levels of virus at four weeks and 12 weeks, were randomized to stop treatment after either 12 weeks (n=9) or 36 weeks (n=9) of
Peg-IFN/RBV. Of the nine patients who completed their 12-week Peg-IFN/RBV extended treatment phase, 100% of patients (4/4) in the 100 mg arm and 80% of patients (4/5) in the 50 mg arm achieved a sustained virologic response four weeks after the
completion of treatment (SVR4). In July 2012, an independent data safety monitoring board reviewed the safety data for this study and confirmed that IDX184 with Peg-IFN/RBV continues to have a side effect profile similar to that of Peg-IFN/RBV
alone. In August 2012, the FDA placed IDX184 on partial clinical hold due to serious cardiac-related adverse events observed with a competitors nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, BMS-986094 (formerly INX-189). In previous clinical trials as well
as in the ongoing phase IIb clinical trial of IDX184 in combination with Peg-IFN/RBV, we have found no evidence of severe cardiac findings to date.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Polymerase Inhibitors (IDX19368)
|
|
In July 2012, we submitted an investigational new drug application, or IND, for IDX19368, our lead candidate for our next generation nucleotide polymerase inhibitor program. In
August 2012, the FDA placed IDX19368 on clinical hold due to serious cardiac-related adverse events observed with a competitors nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, BMS-986094 (formerly INX-189). No patients have been dosed to date with
IDX19368.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Polymerase Inhibitors (Discovery Program)
|
|
As part of the ongoing extensive nucleotide discovery effort, we are exploring a diverse spectrum of nucleotides with novel bases, prodrugs and sugar moieties. IND-enabling studies
have begun for a new nucleotide prodrug and an IND is expected to be filed in 2013.
|
|
|
|
|
|
NS5A Inhibitors (IDX719)
|
|
In January 2012, we initiated a phase I clinical study of IDX719. The first part of the study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and
food effect of IDX719 in 48 healthy volunteers at single doses ranging from 5 to 100 mg. Eight healthy volunteers received 100 mg of IDX719 daily for seven days. All doses were well tolerated and pharmacokinetic data supports once-daily dosing in
future studies. In the second quarter of 2012, we completed the second part of the phase I study, single-ascending doses of IDX719 in HCV genotype 1, 2 and 3-infected patients. IDX719 was well tolerated and demonstrated potent pan-genotypic
antiviral activity with more than 3.0 log
10
viral load
reductions achieved in the 100 mg dose group.
In June 2012, we also
completed a three-day proof-of-concept study designed to evaluate 64 treatment-naïve HCV genotype 1, 2, 3 or 4-infected patients. HCV genotype 1 patients were randomized to receive placebo, 25 mg QD (once-daily), 50 mg QD, 50 mg BID
(twice-daily) or 100 mg QD for three days. HCV genotype 2, 3 and 4 patients were randomized to receive placebo, 50 mg BID or 100 mg QD for three days. IDX719 was well tolerated with no treatment
|
23
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
emergent serious adverse events reported. Treatment with IDX719 exhibited potent pan-genotypic activity across genotypes:
in
genotype 1 patients (n=28), mean maximal viral load reductions were 3.2 log
10
IU/mL in the 25 mg QD arm, 3.7 log
10
IU/mL in the 50 mg QD arm, 3.2 log
10
IU/mL in the 50 mg BID arm and 3.5 log
10
IU/mL in the 100 mg QD arm;
in genotype 2 patients (n=8), the mean maximal viral load reduction was 2.0 log
10
IU/mL in both the 50 mg BID and 100 mg QD dose arms with a greater variability in responses among these patients (range:
0.3 4.1 log10 IU/mL). We have discovered a pre-existing polymorphism in genotype 2 HCV that reduces antiviral response to IDX719;
in genotype 3 patients (n=8), mean maximal viral load reductions were
3.3 log
10
IU/mL in the 50 mg BID arm and 3.4 log
10
IU/mL in the 100 mg QD arm; and
in
genotype 4 patients (n=7), mean maximal viral load reductions were 3.9 log
10
IU/mL in the 50 mg BID dose arm and 3.4 log10 IU/mL in the 100 mg QD dose arm.
In July 2012, the FDA granted Fast Track designation for IDX719. With a Fast Track designation, there is an opportunity for more frequent interactions with the FDA and the possibility of a priority
review, which would reduce the length of the standard FDA review period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We anticipate that a phase II clinical trial evaluating IDX719 in combination therapy will begin in the first half of 2013.
|
|
|
|
HBV
|
|
Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
(telbivudine) (L-nucleoside)
|
|
Novartis Pharma AG, or Novartis, had worldwide development, commercialization and manufacturing rights and obligations related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. We received royalty payments equal to a percentage of net sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
prior to August 2012.
Refer to the Novartis Collaboration heading below for details on the modification of the collaboration and the
Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
royalties.
|
All of our drug candidates are currently in preclinical or clinical development. To commercialize any of
our drug candidates, we will be required to obtain marketing authorization approvals after successfully completing preclinical studies and clinical trials of such drug candidates. Our current estimates for additional research and development
expenses are subject to risks and uncertainties associated with research, development, clinical trials and the FDA and foreign regulatory review and approval processes. The time and cost to complete development of our drug candidates may vary
significantly and depends upon a number of factors, including the requirements mandated by the FDA and other regulatory agencies, the success of our clinical trials, the availability of financial resources, and our future collaborations, if
any.
We have incurred significant losses each year since our inception in May 1998 and at September 30, 2012, we had
an accumulated deficit of $685.4 million. Historically, we have generated losses principally from costs associated with research and development activities, including clinical trial costs, and general and administrative activities. As a result
of planned expenditures for future discovery and development activities, we expect to incur additional losses for the foreseeable future. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to sustain operations through at least
March 31, 2014.
Novartis Collaboration
We entered into a collaboration with Novartis relating to the worldwide development and commercialization of our drug candidates in May 2003, which we refer to as the development and commercialization
agreement. In May 2003, we also entered into a stockholders agreement with Novartis, which we refer to as the stockholders agreement. On July 31,
24
2012, we and Novartis materially modified our collaboration by executing a termination and revised relationship agreement, which we refer to as the termination agreement, and by amending the
stockholders agreement, which we refer to as the second amended and restated stockholders agreement.
Under the
development and commercialization agreement, Novartis had an option to license any of our development-stage drug candidates after demonstration of activity and safety in a proof-of-concept clinical trial so long as Novartis maintained at least 30%
ownership of our voting stock. Pursuant to the termination agreement executed in July 2012, Novartis option right to license our current and future development-stage drug candidates in any therapeutic area has terminated. In exchange, we have
agreed to pay Novartis a royalty based on worldwide product sales of our HCV drug products, unless such drug products are prescribed in combination with Novartis HCV drug products. The royalty percentage will vary based on our commercialized
HCV drug product and range from the high single digits to the low double digit percentages. Royalties are payable until the later to occur of: a) expiration of the last-to-expire of specified patent rights in a country; or b) ten years after the
first commercial sale of a product in such country, provided that if royalties are payable on a product after the expiration of the patent rights in a country, each of the respective royalty rates for such product in such country would be reduced by
one-half.
Pursuant to the termination agreement, we granted Novartis a non-exclusive license to conduct clinical trials
evaluating a combination of any of our and Novartis HCV drug candidates after the HCV drug candidates have completed dose-ranging studies, subject to meeting certain criteria. Under certain circumstances Novartis may conduct a dose ranging
study with respect to our HCV drug candidates. With respect to any combination trial, certain criteria must first be met prior to the commencement of such combination clinical trial. If the parties cannot agree to the initiation of a combination
trial, an independent data safety monitoring board will determine whether or not the combination trial should be initiated based on the safety profile of each HCV drug candidate. We have agreed to supply Novartis with our HCV drug candidates for use
in such combination trials. We and Novartis have agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to, in good faith, enter into a supply agreement and other relevant agreements in connection with any such combination trial. Novartis ability to
initiate combination trials expires on the seven year anniversary of the execution of the termination agreement, or July 2019, although any then existing combination study commenced prior to such expiration date may continue after the expiration
date.
Prior to the execution of the termination agreement, the balance of deferred revenue, related party was $24.7 million.
Since neither vendor-specific objective evidence, or VSOE, or third-party evidence, or TPE, for the non-exclusive license deliverable was available we determined the best estimate of selling price, or BESP, of the non-exclusive license at
July 31, 2012 to be $5.0 million and recognized the excess deferred revenue over the BESP, or $19.7 million, as collaborative revenue related party in the three months ended September 30, 2012. The remaining deferred revenue of $5.0
million will be recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the non-exclusive license, or seven years. During the three months ended September 30, 2012, we recognized $0.1 million of collaboration revenue related to the
non-exclusive license and as of September 30, 2012, we had a balance of $4.9 million of deferred revenue, related party on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Following the receipt of certain data related to a combination trial and upon Novartis request, we and Novartis are obligated to use, in good faith, commercially reasonable efforts to negotiate a
future agreement for the development, manufacture and commercialization of such combination therapy for the treatment of HCV. Any future arrangement may set forth any co-promotion and co-marketing rights we may retain and any net benefit to us and
Novartis attributable to such rights. Neither party is obligated to negotiate for a period longer than 180 days. Under the termination agreement, Novartis has a non-exclusive license to conduct clinical trials evaluating a combination of any of our
HCV drug candidates and any of Novartis HCV drug candidates after certain criteria have been met. If Novartis obtains regulatory approval to co-label a Novartis HCV drug product with one or more of our HCV drug products, Novartis could market
and sell a combination that may compete with our drug candidates and/or combination products that we market and sell in the future.
In 2003 under the development and commercialization agreement, Novartis licensed
Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
from us for the treatment of the hepatitis B virus, or HBV. In September 2007, we and Novartis entered into an amendment to the development and commercialization
agreement pursuant to which we transferred to Novartis worldwide development, commercialization and manufacturing rights and obligations pertaining to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. Subsequently, we
began receiving royalty payments equal to a percentage of net sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
through July 31, 2012, the date of the termination agreement. Under the termination agreement executed in July
2012, we will no longer receive royalty or milestone payments from Novartis based upon worldwide product sales of
Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV. Novartis is committed to reimburse us for our contractual payments to third-parties in connection with intellectual property related to
Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. We will otherwise be responsible for any payments to third-parties in connection with intellectual property necessary to sell Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. Included in receivables from related party was $7.4 million for the reimbursement from Novartis for these contractual payments to UABRF which have been recorded as
collaboration revenue related party in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2012.
25
In July 2012, we, Novartis and certain other stockholders entered into the second amended
and restated stockholders agreement under which Novartis maintains its rights to cause us to register for resale, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, shares held by Novartis and/or its affiliates and we agreed to use our reasonable
best efforts to nominate for election one designee of Novartis for so long as Novartis and its affiliates own at least 15% of our voting stock.
ViiV Healthcare Company and GlaxoSmithKline Collaboration
In February 2009, we licensed our non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or NNRTI, compounds to GlaxoSmithKline, or GSK. This agreement, which we refer to as the ViiV license agreement, was
assigned to ViiV Healthcare Company, or ViiV, which is an affiliate of GSK. The ViiV license agreement granted ViiV an exclusive worldwide license to develop, manufacture and commercialize our NNRTI compounds, including IDX899, now known as
761, for the treatment of human diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus type-1, or HIV, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS. In February 2009, we also entered into a stock purchase agreement with GSK, which we refer
to as the GSK stock purchase agreement. Under this agreement, GSK purchased approximately 2.5 million shares of our common stock at an aggregate purchase price of $17.0 million, or a per share price of $6.87. These agreements became
effective in March 2009.
In March 2009, we received a $34.0 million payment related to this collaboration,
which consisted of a $17.0 million license fee payment under the ViiV license agreement and the $17.0 million under the GSK stock purchase agreement described above. In 2010, we received a $6.5 million milestone payment for the achievement
of a preclinical operational milestone and a $20.0 million milestone payment for the initiation of a phase IIb clinical study of 761.
In February 2011, ViiV informed us that the FDA placed 761 on clinical hold and subsequently, the ViiV license agreement was terminated on March 15, 2012. During the first quarter of 2012,
as a result of the termination, we recognized the deferred revenue balance of $36.1 million as other collaboration revenue which was included in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011
Revenues
Revenues for the three months ended September 30,
2012 and 2011 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
|
(In Thousands)
|
|
Collaboration revenue related party:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
License fee revenue
|
|
$
|
24,417
|
|
|
$
|
821
|
|
Royalty revenue
|
|
|
409
|
|
|
|
1,161
|
|
Reimbursement of royalties
|
|
|
7,427
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32,253
|
|
|
|
1,982
|
|
Other revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collaboration revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
656
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
$
|
32,253
|
|
|
$
|
2,638
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collaboration revenue related party consisted of revenues associated with our collaboration with
Novartis for the worldwide development and commercialization of our drug candidates. Collaboration revenue related party was comprised of the following:
|
|
|
through July 31, 2012, license and other fees received from Novartis for the license of our HBV and HCV drug candidates, net of changes for
Novartis stock subscription rights, which were being recognized over the development period of our licensed drug candidates; subsequent to July 2012, the recognition of the excess of deferred revenue over the BESP of the non-exclusive license
that we granted to Novartis for combination trials pursuant to the termination agreement, net of changes for Novartis stock subscription rights;
|
26
|
|
|
through July 31, 2012, royalty payments associated with product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
made by Novartis; and
|
|
|
|
subsequent to July 31, 2012, reimbursement of royalties pursuant to Novartis obligation to reimburse us for our contractual payments to
third-parties in connection with intellectual property related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV.
|
Collaboration revenue related party was $32.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to
$2.0 million in the same period in 2011. Included in the $30.3 million increase, was $19.7 million due to recognition of the excess of deferred revenue over the BESP of the non-exclusive license granted to Novartis and $4.2 million due to
additional license fee revenue recognized related to the impact of Novartis stock subscription rights in the three months ended September 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011. For the month of July 2012, the impact of the Novartis
stock subscription rights was to increase license fee revenue by $0.3 million and the impact for August 2012 through September 2012 was an increase to license fee revenue by $4.0 million. Under the stockholders agreement and the second amended
and restated stockholders agreement, Novartis has the right to maintain its percentage ownership in Idenix by purchasing shares of our common stock when stock options are exercised under certain stock plans.
Reimbursement of royalties consisted of $7.4 million recognized as a result of Novartis obligation under the
termination agreement to reimburse us for our contractual payments to UABRF in connection with intellectual property related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of
HBV.
There was no collaboration revenue recognized under the ViiV license agreement in the three months ended
September 30, 2012 as compared to $0.7 million in the same period in 2011. As discussed above, the ViiV license agreement was terminated on March 15, 2012 and therefore no additional revenue will be recognized in 2012.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues were $0.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 which was unchanged as compared to the same
period in 2011.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses were $13.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to $10.2 million in the same period in 2011. The increase of $3.3 million
was primarily due to $1.9 million of expenses related to preclinical costs of IDX19368 and $1.2 million of expenses related to our phase IIb clinical trial of IDX184 and our clinical trials of IDX719 in 2012.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses were $6.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to $3.9 million in the same period in 2011. The increase of $2.3 million
was mainly due to additional legal costs.
Intangible Asset Impairment
Under the termination agreement, we will no longer receive royalty or milestone payments from Novartis based upon
worldwide product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV. We concluded that the intangible asset was effectively abandoned on the effective date of the termination agreement since there are no
future cash flows associated with its use and the intangible asset has no alternate future use. As a result, the carrying value of the related intangible asset is not recoverable and we recorded an impairment charge of $8.0 million in our condensed
consolidated statement of operations in the three months ended September 30, 2012.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net was $0.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2012 and was primarily comprised of research and
development credits. This amount was substantially unchanged as compared to the same period in 2011.
Income Tax Expense
There was no income tax expense in the three months ended September 30, 2012 which was unchanged as compared to
the same period in 2011.
27
Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011
Revenues
Revenues
for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months Ended September 30,
|
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
|
(In Thousands)
|
|
Collaboration revenue related party:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
License fee revenue
|
|
$
|
22,919
|
|
|
$
|
2,361
|
|
Royalty revenue
|
|
|
2,922
|
|
|
|
3,354
|
|
Reimbursement of royalties
|
|
|
7,427
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,268
|
|
|
|
5,715
|
|
Other revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collaboration revenue
|
|
|
36,068
|
|
|
|
1,967
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
$
|
69,336
|
|
|
$
|
7,682
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collaboration revenue related party was $33.3 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 2012 as compared to $5.7 million in the same period in 2011. Included in the $27.6 million increase, was $19.7 million due to recognition of the excess of deferred revenue over the BESP of the non-exclusive license granted to
Novartis and $1.2 million due to an increase of license fee revenue recognized in 2012 related to the impact of Novartis stock subscription rights. Under the stockholders agreement and the second amended and restated stockholders
agreement, Novartis has the right to maintain its percentage ownership in Idenix by purchasing shares of our common stock when stock options are exercised under certain stock plans.
Reimbursement of royalties consisted of the $7.4 million recognized as a result of Novartis obligation under
the termination agreement to reimburse us for our contractual payments to UABRF in connection with intellectual property related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of
HBV.
Collaboration revenue recognized under the ViiV license agreement was $36.1 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 2012 as compared to $2.0 million in the same period in 2011. The ViiV license agreement was terminated on March 15, 2012 and as a result we recognized the deferred revenue balance of $36.1 million as other collaboration
revenue in the first quarter of 2012.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues were $2.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to $1.7 million in the same period in 2011. The increase of $0.6 million is due to the recognition of
deferred expenses related to the termination of the ViiV license agreement on March 15, 2012.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses were $52.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared
to $28.5 million in the same period in 2011. The increase of $24.1 million was primarily due to $15.9 million of expenses related to our phase IIb clinical trial of IDX184 and our clinical trials of IDX719 in 2012. Additionally, expenses
increased $8.5 million related to preclinical costs of IDX19368. These amounts were offset by $1.6 million of expenses for a proof-of-concept study of IDX375 in 2011.
We continue to expect our research and development expenses for 2012 to be higher than the amount incurred in 2011 mainly due to the development of IDX184 and IDX719 to date. We do not expect the clinical
holds on IDX184 and IDX19368 in August 2012 by the FDA to significantly impact our research and development expenses for the remainder of 2012 because the remaining planned studies for IDX184 and the IDX19368 were not planned to initiate until the
fourth quarter of 2012.
We will continue to devote substantial resources to our research and development activities, expand
our research pipeline and engage in future development activities as we continue to advance our drug candidates and explore collaborations with other entities that we believe will create shareholder value.
28
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses were $16.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to
$12.3 million in the same period in 2011. The increase of $4.5 million was due to additional legal costs.
We expect
our general and administrative expenses in 2012 to be slightly higher than those incurred in 2011 due to expected higher legal costs.
Intangible Asset Impairment
Under the termination agreement, we will no longer receive royalty or milestone payments from Novartis based upon worldwide product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of
HBV. We concluded that the intangible asset was effectively abandoned at the date of the termination agreement since there are no future cash flows associated with its use and the intangible asset has no alternate future use. As a result, the
carrying value of the related intangible asset is not recoverable and we recorded an impairment charge of $8.0 million in our condensed consolidated statement of operations in the nine months ended September 30, 2012.
Other Income, Net
Other income, net was $0.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and was primarily comprised of research and
development credits. This amount was substantially unchanged as compared to the same period in 2011.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was less than $0.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 which was substantially
unchanged as compared to the same period in 2011.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception in 1998, we have financed our operations with proceeds obtained in connection with license and development
arrangements and equity financings. The proceeds include:
|
|
|
license, milestone, royalty and other payments from Novartis;
|
|
|
|
license, milestone and stock purchase payments from ViiV and GSK;
|
|
|
|
reimbursements from Novartis for costs we have incurred subsequent to May 8, 2003 in connection with the development of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
, valtorcitabine and valopicitabine;
|
|
|
|
sales of
Tyzeka
®
in the United States through September 30, 2007;
|
|
|
|
net proceeds from Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., or Sumitomo, for reimbursement of development costs;
|
|
|
|
net proceeds from private placements of our convertible preferred stock in 1998, 1999 and 2001;
|
|
|
|
net proceeds from public or underwritten offerings in July 2004, October 2005, August 2009, April 2010, April 2011, November
2011 and August 2012;
|
|
|
|
net proceeds from private placements of our common stock concurrent with our public offerings in 2004, 2005 and April 2011; and
|
|
|
|
proceeds from the exercise of stock options granted pursuant to our equity compensation plans.
|
Prior to August 2012, any financing requiring the issuance of additional shares of capital stock had to first be approved by Novartis so
long as Novartis continues to own at least 19.4% of our voting stock. This right was terminated in July 2012 under the second amended and restated stockholders agreement with Novartis and therefore Novartis approval was not required for
the underwritten offering in August 2012. We received Novartis approval for the following offerings in 2011:
|
|
|
in April 2011, we received approval from Novartis to issue capital shares so long as the issuance of shares did not reduce Novartis interest
in Idenix below 30%. In April 2011, we issued approximately 21.1 million shares of our common stock pursuant to a September 2008 shelf registration statement and approximately 1.8 million shares of
|
29
|
our common stock to Novartis pursuant to a private placement agreement. The net proceeds of both transactions were $60.2 million. Upon completion of this offering, we fully utilized the
shelf registration statement and Novartis owned approximately 35% of our outstanding common stock. In conjunction with the issuance of common stock in April 2011, we amended the collaboration with Novartis to provide that: a) Novartis retained the
exclusive option to obtain rights to drug candidates developed by us so long as Novartis maintained ownership of at least 30% of our common stock, rather than ownership of at least 40% as was the case prior to the amendment; b) we would use
reasonable best efforts to nominate for election as directors at least two designees of Novartis so long as Novartis maintained ownership of at least 30% of our common stock, rather than ownership of at least 35% as was the case prior to the
amendment; and c) Novartis consent was required for the selection and appointment of our chief financial officer so long as Novartis owned at least 30% of our common stock, rather than ownership of at least 40% as was the case prior to the
amendment; and
|
|
|
|
in November 2011, we received approval from Novartis to issue capital shares so long as the issuance of shares did not reduce Novartis interest
in Idenix below 31%. In October 2011, we filed a universal shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, which will allow us to offer and sell from time to time up to a maximum of $150.0 million of shares of
common stock, at prices and terms to be determined at the time of sale. Pursuant to this shelf registration statement, in November 2011, we issued approximately 10.8 million shares of our common stock pursuant to an underwritten offering and
received $65.8 million in net proceeds. Novartis did not participate in this offering.
|
In July 2012, we
filed a universal, automatically effective, well-known seasoned issuer shelf registration statement with the SEC for the issuance, in one or more public offerings, of common stock, debt securities and other securities at prices and on terms to be
determined at the time of the applicable offering. In August 2012, we issued 25.3 million shares of our common stock under this shelf registration and received $190.5 million in net proceeds.
We have incurred losses in each year since our inception and at September 30, 2012, we had an accumulated deficit of
$685.4 million. We expect to report a net loss for the next several years as we continue to expand our drug discovery and development efforts. As a result, we may seek additional funding through a combination of public or private financing,
collaborative relationships or other arrangements and we may seek a partner who will assist in the future development and commercialization of our drug candidates. Additional funding may not be available to us or, if available, may not be on terms
favorable to us. Further, any additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders, other than Novartis, which has the right to maintain its current ownership level.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to sustain operations through at least March 31, 2014. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing on a timely basis, we
could be required to delay, reduce or eliminate one or more of our drug development programs, enter into new collaborative, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements that may not be favorable to us and reduce the number of our employees.
We had total cash and cash equivalents of $251.9 million and $118.3 million as of September 30, 2012 and
December 31, 2011, respectively. Our investment policy seeks to manage these assets to achieve our goals of preserving principal and maintaining adequate liquidity. As of September 30, 2012, all of our investments were in money market
funds.
Net cash used in operating activities was $60.5 million and $41.6 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The $18.9 million net change was primarily due to $29.2 million higher operating expenses, excluding the intangible asset impairment of $8.0 million in 2012 offset by a $7.6 million increase in
accounts payable and accrued expenses.
Net cash used in investing activities was $1.8 million and $0.8 million in the
nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The increase in cash used in 2012 is due to an increase in restricted cash for the issuance of a new letter of credit related to an operating lease for new laboratory and office
space.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $195.9 million and $60.9 million in the nine months ended
September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The increase of $135.0 million was primarily due to the receipt of proceeds of $190.5 million related to an underwritten offering in August 2012 compared to receipt of proceeds of $60.2 million
related to an underwritten offering and a private placement in 2011. Proceeds from the exercise of stock options also increased by $4.5 million in 2012 compared to 2011.
30
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Set forth below is a description of our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2012:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period
|
|
Contractual Obligations
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Less Than
1 Year
|
|
|
1-3 Years
|
|
|
4-5 Years
|
|
|
After
5 Years
|
|
|
|
(In Thousands)
|
|
Operating leases
|
|
$
|
23,463
|
|
|
$
|
2,637
|
|
|
$
|
6,592
|
|
|
$
|
6,654
|
|
|
$
|
7,580
|
|
Settlement payments and other agreements
|
|
|
1,671
|
|
|
|
1,234
|
|
|
|
437
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term obligations
|
|
|
6,873
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,460
|
|
|
|
5,413
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total contractual obligations
|
|
$
|
32,007
|
|
|
$
|
3,871
|
|
|
$
|
7,029
|
|
|
$
|
8,114
|
|
|
$
|
12,993
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Included in the table above is $7.4 million related to a settlement agreement we
entered into in July 2008 with the University of Alabama at Birmingham, or UAB, the University of Alabama at Birmingham Research Foundation, or UABRF, an affiliate of UAB, and Emory University relating to our telbivudine technology. Pursuant to
this settlement agreement, all contractual disputes relating to patents covering the use of certain synthetic nucleosides for the treatment of HBV and all litigation matters relating to patents and patent applications related to the use of
ß-L-2-deoxy-nucleosides for the treatment of HBV assigned to one or more of Idenix, Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, or CNRS, and the Universite Montpellier II, or the University of Montpellier, and which cover the use of
Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV have been resolved. Under the terms of the settlement agreement, we paid UABRF (on behalf of UAB and Emory University) a $4.0 million
upfront payment and will make additional payments to UABRF equal to 20% of all royalty payments received by us from Novartis based on worldwide sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
, subject to minimum
payment obligations aggregating $11.0 million. Our payment obligations under the settlement agreement will expire in August 2019. The settlement agreement was effective on June 1, 2008 and included mutual releases of all claims and
covenants not to sue among the parties. It also included a release from a third-party scientist who had claimed to have inventorship rights in certain Idenix/CNRS/University of Montpellier patents. Under the termination agreement, we will no longer
receive royalty or milestone payments from Novartis based upon worldwide product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV. Novartis is required to reimburse us for our contractual payments to UABRF in connection
with our intellectual property related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. Included in receivables from related party was $7.4 million for the reimbursement from Novartis for these contractual payments to UABRF which have been recorded as
collaboration revenue related party in our condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2012.
On September 25, 2012, we entered into a seven year lease agreement pursuant to which we obtained the right to lease 46,418 square feet of office and laboratory space located at 320 Bent Street in
Cambridge, Massachusetts beginning on or about April 1, 2013. The square footage of the leased property includes 5,596 square feet of office space located on the premises that will become available to us on or prior to February 28, 2014.
The monthly rent payable in the first year of the lease is $0.2 million. The lease provides for 3% annual rent increases every year following the first year. We have an option to extend the term of this lease agreement for an additional five years
beyond the original lease term. The future expected rental payments under this lease are included in the table above.
On
September 25, 2012, we entered into an agreement with the landlord of our current laboratory and office space at 60 Hampshire Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts pursuant to which the lease for this space will terminate on or about May 1,
2013. In light of the termination of this lease and our planned relocation to 320 Bent Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the net book value of the leasehold improvements and certain of our property and equipment will be depreciated over the
remaining lease term.
In connection with the two operating leases for office and laboratory space described above, we have
two letters of credit with a commercial bank totaling $2.1 million which expire at varying dates through December 31, 2013.
As of September 30, 2012, we had $2.8 million of long-term liabilities recorded. These liabilities and certain potential payment obligations relating to our HBV and HCV product and drug
candidates that are described below are excluded from the contractual obligations table above as we cannot make a reliable estimate of the period in which the cash payments may be made.
In May 2004, we entered into a settlement agreement with UAB which provides for a milestone payment of $1.0 million to UAB upon
receipt of regulatory approval in the United States to market and sell certain HCV products
31
invented or discovered by our former chief executive officer during the period from November 1, 1999 to November 1, 2000. This settlement agreement also provides that if such HCV
products were approved and commercialized, we will pay UAB an amount equal to 0.5% of worldwide net sales of such HCV products with a minimum sales-based payment equal to $12.0 million. Currently, there are no such HCV products approved and
therefore there was no related liability recorded as of September 30, 2012.
We have potential payment obligations under
the license agreement with the Universita degli Studi di Cagliari, or the University of Cagliari, pursuant to which we have the exclusive worldwide right to make, use and sell certain HCV and other technologies. We made certain payments to the
University of Cagliari under these arrangements based on the payments we received under the ViiV and GSK collaboration. As a result of the termination of the ViiV license agreement, we will not receive any additional milestone or royalty payments
under the ViiV license transaction and therefore do not expect to make future payments to the University of Cagliari for the patent and patent applications related to 761. We are also liable for certain payments to the University of Cagliari
if we receive license fees or milestone payments with respect to such technology from a collaborator.
In
May 2003, we and Novartis entered into an amended and restated agreement with CNRS and the University of Montpellier pursuant to which we worked in collaboration with scientists from CNRS and the University of Montpellier to discover and
develop technologies relating to antiviral substances, including telbivudine. This cooperative agreement expired in December 2006, but we retain rights to exploit the patents derived from the collaboration. Under the cooperative agreement, we
are obligated to make royalty payments for products derived from such patents, including products for HBV, HCV and HIV. Under the termination agreement, we will no longer receive royalty or milestone payments from Novartis based upon worldwide
product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV. Novartis is required to reimburse us for our contractual payments to CNRS and the University of Montpellier, subject to our assignment to
Novartis of our patent rights under the amended and restated agreement with CNRS and the University of Montpellier within 12 months of the execution of the termination agreement, in connection with our intellectual property related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. We are in the process of assigning these patent rights to Novartis.
In March 2003, we entered into a final settlement agreement with Sumitomo, under which the rights to develop and commercialize telbivudine in Japan, China, South Korea and Taiwan previously granted
to Sumitomo were returned to us. This agreement with Sumitomo became effective upon consummation of our collaboration with Novartis in May 2003. This agreement provides for a $5.0 million milestone payment to Sumitomo if and when the first
commercial sale of telbivudine occurs in Japan. As part of the termination agreement, Novartis will reimburse us for any such payment made to Sumitomo.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We currently have no off-balance sheet
arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and
expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, accrued expenses and share-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions
that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from
these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in
Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.
In July 2012, we and Novartis materially amended the development and commercialization agreement that was established in May 2003. We evaluated our modified arrangement with Novartis and determined that
the agreements should continue to be treated as a single unit of accounting. Under the termination agreement we granted Novartis a non-exclusive license to conduct clinical trials evaluating a combination of any of our and Novartis HCV drug
candidates after the HCV drug candidates have completed dose-ranging studies, subject to meeting certain criteria. The non-exclusive license is the only deliverable remaining under the modified arrangement and since neither VSOE nor TPE for the
non-exclusive license deliverable was available, the selling price for the non-exclusive license was established using BESP. Prior to the execution of the termination agreement, the balance of deferred revenue, related party was $24.7 million. We
determined that the BESP of Novartis non-exclusive license at July 31, 2012 was $5.0 million and we recognized the excess deferred revenue
32
over the BESP, or $19.7 million, as collaborative revenue related party in the third quarter of 2012. As of September 30, 2012, the remaining balance of $4.9 million was included in
deferred revenue, related party in our condensed consolidated balance sheet and will be recognized as collaboration revenue related party on a straight-line basis over the term of the non-exclusive license, or seven years.
In establishing BESP for the non-exclusive license, we used a discounted cash flow model and considered the likelihood of our and
Novartis drugs being commercialized, the development and commercialization timeline, discount rate, and probable treatment combination and associated peak sales figures which generate royalty amounts. Our key assumptions in the discounted cash
flow model included the following market conditions and entity-specific factors: a) the specific rights and limitations provided under the non-exclusive license to conduct clinical trials evaluating a combination of any of our and Novartis HCV
drug candidates; b) the current stage of development of Novartis HCV drug candidates and related risks and estimated commercialization timelines; c) the probability of successfully developing and commercializing a combination HCV drug therapy;
d) the probable treatment combination; e) the market size for the probable treatment combination including the associated sales figures which generate royalty revenue; and f) the expected product life of the probable treatment combination assuming
commercialization. We utilized an industry standard royalty rate in our analysis representing the mean royalty rate for phase II product licensing. We utilized a discount rate representing the risk-adjusted weighted average cost of capital derived
from returns on capital for comparable companies. These assumptions involve judgment and uncertainty.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standard Update
No. 2011-11,
Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
. The amendments in this update require an entity to disclose
information about offsetting and related arrangements to enable users of its financial statements to understand the effect of those arrangements on its financial position. An entity is required to apply the amendments for annual reporting periods
beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. An entity should provide the disclosures required by those amendments retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. We do not expect its adoption
to have a material impact on our financial position or results of our operations.
Item 3.
|
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
|
Interest Rate Risk
Changes in interest rates may impact our financial
position, operating results or cash flows. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve capital while maintaining liquidity until it is required to fund operations. To minimize risk, we maintain our operating cash in commercial
bank accounts. We invest our cash in high quality financial instruments, primarily money market funds. Due to the nature of these instruments, we do not believe that we have a material exposure to interest rate risk.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Our foreign currency transactions include a subsidiary in France that is denominated in euros. As a result of these foreign currency transactions, our financial position, results of operations and cash
flows can be affected by market fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We have not entered into any derivative financial instruments to reduce the risk of fluctuations in currency exchange rates.
Item 4.
|
Controls and Procedures
|
Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
We have conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our
management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), regarding the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer
concluded that, as of September 30, 2012, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
33
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act)
that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2012 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
|
Legal Proceedings
|
See
Part I, Item 3 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 and Note 9 of this quarterly report for discussions of our legal proceedings.
Our
business faces many risks. The risks described below may not be the only risks we face. Additional risks we do not yet know of or which we currently believe are immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of the events or
circumstances described in the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer and the trading price of our common stock could decline. The following risks should be considered, together with
all of the other information in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2012, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended
June 30, 2012 and in this Quarterly report on Form 10-Q before deciding to invest in our securities.
Factors Related to Our Business
The FDA placed two of our drug candidates for the treatment of HCV on clinical hold and our business may be adversely affected if we
are not able to continue to pursue development of these drug candidates or if we are significantly delayed in developing these drug candidates.
Our primary research and development focus is the treatment of patients with HCV. In August 2012, the FDA placed IDX184, our most advanced HCV compound under clinical development, on partial clinical
hold, and IDX19368, an HCV nucleotide inhibitor on clinical hold. Both of these holds were due to serious cardiac-related adverse events observed with a competitors nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, BMS-986094 (formerly INX-189). In previous
clinical trials as well as the ongoing phase IIb clinical trial of IDX184 in combination with Peg-IFN/RBV, we have found no evidence to date of toxicity in patients dosed with IDX184 with Peg-IFN/RBV beyond that seen with Peg-IFN/RBV alone. There
are currently no patients receiving IDX184 worldwide. No patients have been dosed to date with IDX19368 as the IND for IDX19368 was submitted to the FDA in July 2012. We are reviewing additional pre-clinical and clinical data and conducting further
testing to respond to the FDAs concerns. There is no assurance that the FDA will allow us to pursue further development of either of these drug candidates. If we are not able to continue development of either of these drug candidates, or if
our progress in development of these candidates is slowed significantly, our business may be adversely affected.
Our product candidates
may exhibit undesirable side effects when used alone or in combination with other approved pharmaceutical products or investigational agents, which may delay or preclude their further development or regulatory approval, or limit their use if
approved.
Throughout the drug development process, we must continually demonstrate the safety and tolerability of our
product candidates in order to obtain regulatory approval to advance their clinical development or to market them. Even if our product candidates demonstrate biologic activity and clinical efficacy, any unacceptable adverse side effects or
toxicities, when administered alone or in the presence of other pharmaceutical products or investigational agents, which can arise at any stage of development, may outweigh their potential benefit. For instance, in September 2010, two of our drug
candidates for the treatment of HCV, IDX184 and IDX320, were placed on clinical hold by the FDA following a 14-day drug-drug interaction study of a combination of IDX184 and IDX320 in healthy volunteers. We discontinued the clinical development of
IDX320. In February 2011, the program was placed on partial clinical hold, which allowed us to initiate a phase IIb 12-week clinical trial of IDX184 in HCV-infected patients in July 2011. In February 2012, the FDA removed the partial clinical
hold on IDX184. In August 2012, the FDA placed IDX184 on partial clinical hold and IDX19368 on clinical hold due to serious cardiac-related adverse events observed with a competitors nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, BMS-986094 (formerly
INX-189). In future preclinical studies and clinical trials our product candidates may demonstrate unacceptable safety profiles or unacceptable drug-drug interactions, which could result in the delay or termination of their development, prevent
regulatory approval or limit their market acceptance if they are ultimately approved.
34
We have a limited operating history and have incurred a cumulative loss since inception. If we do not
generate significant revenues, we will not be profitable.
We have incurred significant losses each
year since our inception in May 1998. We expect to report a net loss for the next several years as we continue to expand our drug discovery and development efforts. Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
, our only product to
reach commercialization, is marketed by Novartis and we received royalty payments associated with sales of this product through July 2012. Subsequent to July 2012, under the termination agreement entered into with Novartis, we will no longer receive
royalty or milestone payments from Novartis based upon worldwide product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV. We will not be able to generate revenues from other product sales until we successfully
complete clinical development and receive regulatory approval for one of our other drug candidates, and we or a collaboration partner successfully introduce such product commercially. We expect to incur annual operating losses and expect that the
net loss we will incur will fluctuate from quarter to quarter and such fluctuations may be substantial. To generate product revenue, regulatory approval for products we successfully develop must be obtained and we and/or one of our existing or
future collaboration partners must effectively manufacture, market and sell such products. Even if we successfully commercialize drug candidates that receive regulatory approval, we may not be able to realize revenues at a level that would allow us
to achieve or sustain profitability. Accordingly, we may never generate significant revenue and, even if we do generate significant revenue, we may never achieve profitability.
We will need additional capital to fund our operations, including the development, manufacture and potential commercialization of our drug candidates. If we do not have or cannot raise additional
capital when needed, we will be unable to develop and ultimately commercialize our drug candidates successfully.
We
believe our cash and cash equivalents balance at September 30, 2012 will be sufficient to sustain operations through at least March 31, 2014. Our drug development programs and the potential commercialization of our drug candidates will
require substantial cash to fund expenses that we will incur in connection with preclinical studies and clinical trials, regulatory review and future manufacturing and sales and marketing efforts.
Our need for additional funding will depend in part on whether we enter into development and commercialization agreements with
third-parties and receive related license fees, milestone payments and development expense reimbursement payments thereunder with respect to our drug candidates.
Our future capital needs will also depend generally on many other factors, including:
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the amount of revenue that we may be able to realize from commercialization and sale of drug candidates, if any, which are approved by regulatory
authorities;
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the scope and results of our preclinical studies and clinical trials;
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the progress of our current preclinical and clinical development programs for HCV;
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the cost of obtaining, maintaining and defending patents on our drug candidates and our processes;
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the cost, timing and outcome of regulatory reviews;
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any costs associated with changes in rules and regulations promulgated by the FDA related to the drug development process and/or clinical trials,
including but not limited to increased costs associated with the evolving standard of care treatment regimens;
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the commercial potential of our drug candidates;
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the rate of technological advances in our markets;
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the cost of acquiring or in-licensing new discovery compounds, technologies, drug candidates or other business assets;
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the magnitude of our general and administrative expenses;
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any costs related to litigation in which we may be involved or related to any claims made against us;
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any costs we may incur under current and future licensing arrangements; and
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35
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the costs of commercializing and launching other products, if any, which are successfully developed and approved for commercial sale by regulatory
authorities.
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We expect that we will incur significant costs to complete the clinical trials and other
studies required to enable us to submit regulatory applications with the FDA and/or the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, for our drug candidates as we continue development of each of our drug candidates. The time and cost to complete clinical
development of our drug candidates may vary as a result of a number of factors.
We may seek additional capital through a
combination of public and private equity offerings, debt financings and collaborative, strategic alliance and licensing arrangements. Such additional financing may not be available when we need it or may not be available on terms that are favorable
to us. In July 2012, we filed a universal, automatically effective, well-known seasoned issuer shelf registration statement with the SEC for the issuance, in one or more public offerings, of common stock, debt securities and other securities at
prices and on terms to be determined at the time of the applicable offering.
If we raise additional capital through the sale
of our common stock, existing stockholders, other than Novartis, which has the right to maintain a certain level of ownership, will experience dilution of their current level of ownership of our common stock and the terms of the financing may
adversely affect the holdings or rights of our stockholders. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing on a timely basis, we could be required to delay, reduce or eliminate one or more of our drug development programs or to enter into new
collaborative, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements that may not be favorable to us. More generally, if we are unable to obtain adequate funding, we may be required to scale back, suspend or terminate our business operations.
Our research and development efforts may not result in additional drug candidates being discovered on anticipated timelines, which could limit our
ability to generate revenues.
Some of our research and development programs are at preclinical stages. Additional drug
candidates that we may develop or acquire will require significant research, development, preclinical studies and clinical trials, regulatory approval and commitment of resources before any commercialization may occur. We cannot predict whether our
research will lead to the discovery of any additional drug candidates that could generate revenues for us.
Our failure to successfully
acquire or develop and market additional drug candidates or approved drugs would impair our ability to grow.
As part
of our strategy, we intend to establish a franchise in the HCV market by developing multiple drug candidates for this therapeutic indication. The success of this strategy depends upon the development and commercialization of additional drug
candidates that we successfully discover, license or otherwise acquire. In August 2012, the FDA placed IDX184, our most advanced HCV compound under clinical development, on partial clinical hold, and IDX19368, an HCV nucleotide inhibitor, on
clinical hold. Both of these holds were due to serious cardiac-related adverse events observed with a competitors nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, BMS-986094 (formerly INX-189). In previous clinical trials as well as the ongoing phase IIb
clinical trial of IDX184 in combination with Peg-IFN/RBV, we have found no evidence to date of toxicity in patients dosed with IDX184 with Peg-IFN/RBV beyond that seen with Peg-IFN/RBV alone. We are reviewing additional pre-clinical and clinical
data and conducting further testing to respond to the FDAs concerns. There is no assurance that the FDA will allow us to pursue further development of either of these drug candidates.
Drug candidates we discover, license or acquire will require additional and likely substantial development, including formulation
optimization, extensive clinical testing and approval by the FDA and applicable foreign regulatory authorities.
All drug
candidates are prone to the risks of failure which are inherent in pharmaceutical drug development, including the possibility that the drug candidate will not be shown to be sufficiently safe and effective for approval by regulatory authorities.
Proposing, negotiating and implementing the acquisition or in-license of drug candidates may be a lengthy and complex
process. Other companies, including those with substantially greater financial, marketing and sales resources, may compete with us for the acquisition of drug candidates. We may not be able to acquire the rights to additional drug candidates on
terms that we find acceptable.
Our investments are subject to general credit, liquidity, market and interest rate risks.
As of September 30, 2012, all of our cash and cash equivalents were invested in money market funds. Our
investment policy seeks to manage these assets to achieve our goals of preserving principal and maintaining adequate liquidity. Should
36
our investments cease paying or reduce the amount of interest paid to us, our interest income would suffer. In addition, general credit, liquidity, market and interest risks associated with our
investment portfolio may have an adverse effect on our financial condition.
The commercial markets which we intend to enter are subject
to intense competition. If we are unable to compete effectively, our drug candidates may be rendered noncompetitive or obsolete.
We are engaged in segments of the pharmaceutical industry that are highly competitive and rapidly changing. Many large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, governmental
agencies and other public and private research organizations are commercializing or pursuing the development of products that target viral diseases, including the same diseases we are targeting.
We face intense competition from existing products and we expect to face increasing competition as new products enter the market and
advanced technologies become available. For the treatment of HCV, Peg-IFN/RBV, Incivek (telaprevir) and Victrelis (boceprevir) are approved by the FDA for commercial sale. Increased costs associated with the evolving standard of care treatment
regimens and the cure rates of patients using one of these approved drugs and future approved combinations of DAAs, may be such that our development and discovery efforts in the area of HCV may be rendered noncompetitive.
We believe that a significant number of drug candidates that are currently under development may become available in the future for the
treatment of HCV. Our competitors products may be more effective, have fewer side effects, have lower costs or be better marketed and sold than any of our products. Additionally, products that our competitors successfully develop for the
treatment of HCV may be marketed prior to any HCV product we or our collaboration partners successfully develop. Many of our competitors have:
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significantly greater financial, technical and human resources than we have and may be better equipped to discover, develop, manufacture and
commercialize products;
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more extensive experience in conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and manufacturing and marketing
pharmaceutical products;
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products that have been approved or drug candidates that are in late-stage development; and
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collaborative arrangements in our target markets with leading companies and research institutions.
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Under the termination agreement, Novartis has a non-exclusive license for a period of seven years from July 2012 to conduct clinical
trials evaluating a combination of any of our HCV drug candidates and any of Novartis HCV drug candidates after each drug candidate has completed a dose-ranging study. If Novartis obtains regulatory approval to co-label a Novartis HCV drug
with one or more of our HCV drugs, Novartis could market and sell a combination that may compete with our drug candidates and/or combination products that we market and sell in the future. In addition, Novartis may market, sell, promote or license
other competitive products. Novartis has significantly greater financial, technical and human resources than we have, is better equipped to discover, develop, manufacture and commercialize products, and has more extensive experience in preclinical
studies and clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals and manufacturing and marketing pharmaceutical products. In the event that Novartis competes with us, our business could be materially and adversely affected.
Competitive products may render our products obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and
commercializing our drug candidates. Furthermore, the development of new treatment methods and/or the widespread adoption or increased utilization of vaccines for the diseases we are targeting could render our drug candidates noncompetitive,
obsolete or uneconomical.
With respect to drug candidates, if any, that we may successfully develop and obtain approval to
commercialize, we will face competition based on the safety and effectiveness of our products, the timing and scope of regulatory approvals, the availability and cost of supply, marketing and sales capabilities, reimbursement coverage, price, patent
position and other factors. Our competitors may develop or commercialize more effective or more affordable products or obtain more effective patent protection than we do. Accordingly, our competitors may commercialize products more rapidly or
effectively than we do, which could adversely affect our competitive position and business.
Biotechnology and related
pharmaceutical technologies have undergone and continue to be subject to rapid and significant change. Our future will depend in large part on our ability to maintain a competitive position with respect to these technologies.
37
If biopharmaceutical companies involved in HCV drug development continue to consolidate, competition
may increase and our business may be harmed.
In late 2011 and early 2012, several acquisitions of smaller
biopharmaceutical companies by larger biopharmaceutical companies took place at substantial premiums over the market capitalizations of the target companies, including the acquisitions of Anadys Pharmaceuticals and Pharmasset, Inc., by F.
Hoffman-LaRoche & Co. and Gilead Sciences, Inc., respectively. If such consolidation continues to take place, we may face competitive pressures to a far greater degree than had those consolidations not occurred, resulting from the greater
resources the larger pharmaceutical companies can invest in their HCV development pipelines.
If we are not able to attract and retain
key management and scientific personnel and advisors, we may not successfully develop our drug candidates or achieve our other business objectives.
The growth of our business and our success depends in large part on our ability to attract and retain key management and research and development personnel. Our key personnel include our senior officers,
many of whom have very specialized scientific, medical or operational knowledge. The loss of the service of any of the key members of our senior management team may significantly delay or prevent our discovery of additional drug candidates, the
development of our drug candidates and achievement of our other business objectives. Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, consultants and advisors is critical to our success.
We face intense competition for qualified individuals from numerous pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions,
governmental entities and other research institutions. We may be unable to attract and retain these individuals and our failure to do so would have an adverse effect on our business.
Our business has a substantial risk of product liability claims. If we are unable to obtain or maintain appropriate levels of insurance, a product liability claim against us could adversely affect
our business.
Our business exposes us to significant potential product liability risks that are inherent in the
development, manufacturing and marketing of human therapeutic products. Product liability claims could result in a recall of products or a change in the therapeutic indications for which such products may be used. In addition, product liability
claims may distract our management and key personnel from our core business, require us to spend significant time and money in litigation or require us to pay significant damages, which could prevent or interfere with commercialization efforts and
could adversely affect our business. Claims of this nature would also adversely affect our reputation, which could damage our position in the marketplace.
For
Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
, product liability claims could be made against us based on the use of our product prior to October 1, 2007, at which time we transferred to Novartis our
worldwide development, commercialization and manufacturing rights and obligations related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
. For Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
and our drug
candidates, product liability claims could be made against us based on the use of our drug candidates in clinical trials we conducted prior to 2007. We have obtained product liability insurance for Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
and maintain clinical trial insurance for our drug candidates in development. Such insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. In
addition, clinical trial and product liability insurance is becoming increasingly expensive. As a result, we may be unable to maintain or increase current amounts of product liability and clinical trial insurance coverage, obtain product liability
insurance for other products, if any, that we seek to commercialize, obtain additional clinical trial insurance or obtain sufficient insurance at a reasonable cost. If we are unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage on reasonable
terms or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, we may be unable to commercialize our products or conduct the clinical trials necessary to develop our drug candidates. A successful product liability claim brought against us
in excess of our insurance coverage may require us to pay substantial amounts in damages. This could adversely affect our cash position and results of operations.
Our insurance policies are expensive and protect us only from some business risks, which will leave us exposed to significant, uninsured liabilities.
We do not carry insurance for all categories of risk that our business may encounter. We currently maintain general liability, property,
workers compensation, products liability, directors and officers and employment practices insurance policies. We do not know, however, if we will be able to maintain existing insurance with adequate levels of coverage. Any
significant uninsured liability may require us to pay substantial amounts, which would adversely affect our cash position and results of operations.
38
If the estimates we make, and the assumptions on which we rely, in preparing our financial statements
prove inaccurate, our actual results may vary from those reflected in our projections and accruals.
Our financial
statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of
our assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, the amounts of charges accrued by us and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be
reasonable under the circumstances. There can be no assurance, however, that our estimates, or the assumptions underlying them, will not change.
Prior to our July 2012 termination agreement with Novartis, one of these estimates was our estimate of the development period over which we amortized non-refundable payments from Novartis, which we
reviewed on a quarterly basis. We estimated this period to be through May 2021 based on current judgments related to the product development timeline of our licensed drug candidates. When the estimated development period changed, we adjusted
periodic revenue that was being recognized and recorded the remaining unrecognized non-refundable payments over the remaining development period during which our performance obligations were completed. Significant judgments and estimates were
involved in determining the estimated development period and different assumptions could yield materially different financial results.
If we fail to design and maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or
prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could harm our business and the trading price of our common stock.
As directed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the SEC adopted rules requiring public companies to include a report in
Annual Reports on Form 10-K that contains an assessment by management of the effectiveness of the companys internal controls over financial reporting. In addition, the companys independent registered public accounting firm must attest to
the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.
We have completed an assessment and will continue to
review in the future our internal controls over financial reporting in an effort to ensure compliance with the Section 404 requirements. The manner by which companies implement, maintain and enhance these requirements including internal control
reforms, if any, to comply with Section 404, and how registered independent public accounting firms apply these requirements and test companies internal controls, is subject to change and will evolve over time. As a result,
notwithstanding our efforts, it is possible that either our management or our independent registered public accounting firm may in the future determine that our internal controls over financial reporting are not effective.
A determination that our internal controls over financial reporting are ineffective could result in an adverse reaction in the financial
marketplace due to a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which ultimately could negatively impact the market price of our stock, increase the volatility of our stock price and adversely affect our ability to
raise additional funding.
Our business is subject to international economic, political and other risks that could negatively affect our
results of operations or financial position.
Our business is subject to risks associated with doing business
internationally, including:
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changes in a specific countrys or regions political or economic conditions, including Western Europe, in particular;
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potential negative consequences from changes in tax laws affecting our ability to repatriate profits;
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difficulty in staffing and managing operations overseas;
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unfavorable labor regulations applicable to our operations in France;
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changes in foreign currency exchange rates; and
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the need to ensure compliance with the numerous regulatory and legal requirements applicable to our business in each of these jurisdictions and to
maintain an effective compliance program to ensure compliance.
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Our operating results may be impacted by the health of the North American and European
economies. Our business and financial performance may be adversely affected by current and future economic conditions that cause a decline in business and consumer spending, including a reduction in the availability of credit, rising interest rates,
financial market volatility and recession.
We may be required to relocate one of our principal research facilities, which could
interrupt our business activities and result in significant expense.
We have been involved in a dispute with the City
of Cambridge, Massachusetts and its License Commission pertaining to the level of noise emitted from certain rooftop equipment at our research facility located at 60 Hampshire Street in Cambridge. The License Commission has claimed that we are in
violation of the local noise ordinance pertaining to sound emissions, based on a complaint from neighbors living adjacent to the property. We have contested this alleged violation before the License Commission, as well as the Middlesex County,
Massachusetts, Superior Court. In July 2010, the License Commission granted us a special variance from the requirements of the local noise ordinance for a period of one-year, effective as of July 1, 2010. In August 2011, the License Commission
granted an extension of the July 2010 variance until August 2012. In June 2012, the License Commission granted an extension of the July 2010 variance until the end of the lease term, or December 31, 2013. We may, however, be required to cease
certain activities at the building if: a) the noise emitted from certain rooftop equipment at our research facility exceeds the levels permitted by the special variance; or b) any future legal challenge to the position of the City of Cambridge and
the License Commission is unsuccessful. In any such event, we could be required to relocate to another facility which could interrupt some of our business activities and could be time consuming and costly.
Factors Related to Development, Clinical Testing and Regulatory Approval of Our Drug Candidates
All of our drug candidates are in development. Our drug candidates remain subject to clinical testing and regulatory approval. If we are unable to
develop our drug candidates, we will not be successful.
To date, we have limited experience marketing, distributing
and selling any products. The success of our business depends primarily upon our ability, or that of any future collaboration partner, to successfully commercialize other products we may successfully develop.
Our drug candidates are in various stages of development. All of our drug candidates require regulatory review and approval prior to
commercialization. Approval by regulatory authorities requires, among other things, that our drug candidates satisfy rigorous standards of safety, including efficacy and assessments of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of the drug candidates we are
developing. To satisfy these standards, we must engage in expensive and lengthy testing. Notwithstanding the efforts to satisfy these regulatory standards, our drug candidates may not:
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offer therapeutic or other improvements over existing drugs;
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be proven safe and effective in clinical trials;
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meet applicable regulatory standards;
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be capable of being produced in commercial quantities at acceptable costs; or
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be successfully commercialized.
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Commercial availability of our drug candidates is dependent upon successful clinical development and receipt of requisite regulatory approvals. Clinical data often are susceptible to varying
interpretations. Many companies that have believed that their drug candidates performed satisfactorily in clinical trials in terms of both safety and efficacy have nonetheless failed to obtain regulatory approval for commercial sale. Furthermore,
the FDA and other regulatory authorities may request additional information including data from additional clinical trials, which may significantly delay any approval and these regulatory agencies ultimately may not grant marketing approval for any
of our drug candidates. For example, in August 2012, the FDA placed IDX184 our most advanced HCV compound under clinical development, on partial clinical hold, and IDX19368, an HCV nucleotide inhibitor on clinical hold. Both of these holds were due
to serious cardiac-related adverse events observed with a competitors nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, BMS-986094 (formerly INX-189). In previous clinical trials as well as the ongoing phase IIb clinical trial of IDX184 in combination with
Peg-IFN/RBV we have found no evidence to date of toxicity in patients dosed with IDX184 with Peg-IFN/RBV beyond that seen with Peg-IFN/RBV alone. There is no assurance that the FDA will allow us to pursue further development of either of these drug
candidates.
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If our clinical trials are not successful, we will not obtain regulatory approval for the commercial
sale of our drug candidates.
To obtain regulatory approval for the commercial sale of our drug candidates, we will be
required to demonstrate through preclinical studies and clinical trials that our drug candidates are safe and effective. Preclinical studies and clinical trials are lengthy and expensive and the historical rate of failure for drug candidates is
high. The results from preclinical studies of a drug candidate may not predict the results that will be obtained in human clinical trials.
We, the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities may prohibit the initiation or suspend clinical trials of a drug candidate at any time if we or they believe the persons participating in such
clinical trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks or for other reasons. The observation of adverse side effects in a clinical trial may result in the FDA or foreign regulatory authorities refusing to approve a particular drug candidate
for any or all indications of use. In August 2012, the FDA placed IDX184 on partial clinical hold and IDX19368 on clinical hold, and we do not know whether or when the FDA will allow us to continue development of either of these drug candidates.
Additionally, adverse or inconclusive clinical trial results concerning any of our drug candidates could require us to conduct additional clinical trials, result in increased costs, significantly delay the submission of applications seeking
marketing approval for such drug candidates, result in a narrower indication than was originally sought or result in a decision to discontinue development of such drug candidates. Even if we successfully complete our clinical trials with respect to
our drug candidates, we may not receive regulatory approval for such candidates.
Clinical trials require sufficient patient
enrollment, which is a function of many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the protocol, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the availability of effective treatments for the relevant disease, the
eligibility criteria for the clinical trial and other clinical trials evaluating other investigational agents for the same or similar uses, which may compete with us for patient enrollment. Delays in patient enrollment can result in increased costs
and longer development times.
We cannot predict whether we will encounter additional problems with any of our completed,
ongoing or planned clinical trials that will cause us or regulatory authorities to delay or suspend our clinical trials, delay or suspend patient enrollment into our clinical trials or delay the analysis of data from our completed or ongoing
clinical trials. Delays in the development of our drug candidates would delay our ability to seek and potentially obtain regulatory approvals, increase expenses associated with clinical development and likely increase the volatility of the price of
our common stock. Any of the following could suspend, terminate or delay the completion of our ongoing, or the initiation of our planned, clinical trials:
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discussions with the FDA or comparable foreign authorities regarding the scope or design of our clinical trials;
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delays in obtaining, or the inability to obtain, required approvals from, or suspensions or termination by, institutional review boards or other
governing entities at clinical sites selected for participation in our clinical trials;
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delays in enrolling participants into clinical trials;
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lower than anticipated retention of participants in clinical trials;
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insufficient supply or deficient quality of drug candidate materials or other materials necessary to conduct our clinical trials;
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serious or unexpected drug-related side effects experienced by participants in our clinical trials; or
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negative results of clinical trials.
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If the results of our own or any future partners ongoing or planned clinical trials for our drug candidates are not available when we expect or if we encounter any delay in the analysis of data from
our preclinical studies and clinical trials:
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we may be unable to commence human clinical trials of any drug candidates; or
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we may not have the financial resources to continue the research and development of our drug candidates.
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If our drug candidates fail to obtain United States and/or foreign regulatory approval, we and any
future partners will be unable to commercialize our drug candidates.
Each of our drug candidates is subject to
extensive governmental regulations relating to development, clinical trials, manufacturing and commercialization. Rigorous preclinical studies and clinical trials and an extensive regulatory approval process are required in the United States and in
many foreign jurisdictions prior to the commercial sale of any drug candidates. Before any drug candidate can be approved for sale, we, or any collaboration partners must demonstrate that it can be manufactured in accordance with the FDAs
current good manufacturing practices, or cGMP, requirements. In addition, facilities where the principal commercial supply of a product is to be manufactured must pass FDA inspection prior to approval. Satisfaction of these and other regulatory
requirements is costly, time consuming, uncertain and subject to unanticipated delays. It is possible that none of the drug candidates we are currently developing will obtain the appropriate regulatory approvals necessary to permit commercial
distribution.
The time required for FDA review and other approvals is uncertain and typically takes a number of years,
depending upon the complexity of the drug candidate. Analysis of data obtained from preclinical studies and clinical trials is subject to confirmation and interpretation by regulatory authorities, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory
approval. We or one of our future partners may also encounter unanticipated delays or increased costs due to government regulation from future legislation or administrative action, changes in FDA policy during the period of product development,
clinical trials and FDA regulatory review.
Any delay in obtaining or failure to obtain required approvals could materially
adversely affect our ability or that of any partner to generate revenues from a particular drug candidate. In August 2012, the FDA placed IDX184 on partial clinical hold and IDX19368 on clinical hold, and we do not know whether or when the FDA will
allow us to continue development of either of these drug candidates. Also in February 2011, ViiV informed us that the FDA placed 761, our product candidate for the treatment of HIV which we licensed to ViiV in 2009, on clinical hold and
subsequently, the ViiV license agreement was terminated on March 15, 2012. Furthermore, any regulatory approval to market a product may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which we or any partner may market the product. These
restrictions may limit the size of the market for the product. Additionally, drug candidates we or any future partners successfully develop could be subject to post market surveillance and testing.
We are also subject to numerous foreign regulatory requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, and we, with any partners, are
subject to numerous foreign regulatory requirements relating to manufacturing and marketing authorization, pricing and third-party reimbursement. The foreign regulatory approval processes include all of the risks associated with FDA approval
described above as well as risks attributable to the satisfaction of local regulations in foreign jurisdictions. Approval by any one regulatory authority does not assure approval by regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions. Many foreign
regulatory authorities, including those in the European Union and in China, have different approval procedures than those required by the FDA and may impose additional testing requirements for our drug candidates. Any failure or delay in obtaining
such marketing authorizations for our drug candidates would have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our products will be
subject to ongoing regulatory review even after approval to market such products is obtained. If we or any future partners fail to comply with applicable United States and foreign regulations, we or such partners could lose approvals that we or our
partners have been granted and our business would be seriously harmed.
Even after approval, any drug product that we
or any collaboration partners successfully develop will remain subject to continuing regulatory review, including the review of clinical results, which are reported after our product becomes commercially available. The marketing claims we or any
collaboration partners are permitted to make in labeling or advertising regarding our marketed drugs in the United States will be limited to those specified in any FDA approval, and in other markets such as the European Union, to the corresponding
regulatory approvals. Any manufacturer we or any collaboration partners use to make approved products will be subject to periodic review and inspection by the FDA or other similar regulatory authorities in the European Union and other jurisdictions.
We and any collaboration partners are required to report any serious and unexpected adverse experiences and certain quality problems with our products and make other periodic reports to the FDA or other similar regulatory authorities in the European
Union and other jurisdictions. The subsequent discovery of previously unknown problems with the drug, manufacturer or facility may result in restrictions on the drug manufacturer or facility, including withdrawal of the drug from the market. We do
not have, and currently do not intend to develop, the ability to manufacture material at commercial scale or for our clinical trials. Our reliance on third-party manufacturers entails risks to which we would not be subject if we manufactured
products ourselves, including reliance on such manufacturers for regulatory compliance. Certain changes to an approved product, including the way it is manufactured or promoted, often require prior approval from regulatory authorities before the
modified product may be marketed.
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If we or any collaboration partners fail to comply with applicable continuing regulatory
requirements, we or such collaboration partners may be subject to civil penalties, suspension or withdrawal of any regulatory approval obtained, product recalls and seizures, injunctions, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions and
penalties.
If we or any future partners fail to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements after receipt of approval to commercialize
a product, we or such partners may be subject to significant sanctions imposed by the FDA, EMA or other United States and foreign regulatory authorities.
The research, testing, manufacturing and marketing of drug candidates and products are subject to extensive regulation by numerous regulatory authorities in the United States and other countries. Failure
to comply with these requirements may subject a company to administrative or judicially imposed sanctions. These enforcement actions may include, without limitation:
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warning letters and other regulatory authority communications objecting to matters such as promotional materials and requiring corrective action such
as revised communications to healthcare practitioners;
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product seizure or detention;
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total or partial suspension of manufacturing; and
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FDA refusal to review or approve pending new drug applications or supplements to new drug applications for previously approved products and/or similar
rejections of marketing applications or supplements by foreign regulatory authorities.
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The imposition of
one or more of these sanctions on us or one of our future partners could have a material adverse effect on our business.
If we do not
comply with laws regulating the protection of the environment and health and human safety, our business could be adversely affected.
Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of hazardous materials, chemicals and various radioactive compounds. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and
disposing of these materials comply with the standards prescribed by state and federal laws and regulations, the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be eliminated. If an accident occurs, we could be held liable for
resulting damages, which could be substantial. We are also subject to numerous environmental, health and workplace safety laws and regulations, including those governing laboratory procedures, exposure to bloodborne pathogens and the handling of
biohazardous materials. Although we maintain workers compensation insurance to cover us for costs we may incur due to injuries to our employees resulting from the use of these materials and environmental liability insurance to cover us for
costs associated with environmental or toxic tort claims that may be asserted against us, this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against all potential liabilities. Additional federal, state, foreign and local laws and regulations affecting
our operations may be adopted in the future. We may incur substantial costs to comply with these laws or regulations. Additionally, we may incur substantial fines or penalties if we violate any of these laws or regulations.
Growing availability of specialty pharmaceuticals may lead to increased focus of cost containment.
Specialty pharmaceuticals refer to medicines that treat rare or life-threatening conditions that have smaller patient populations, such as
certain types of cancer, multiple sclerosis, HBV, HCV and HIV. The growing availability and use of innovative specialty pharmaceuticals, combined with their relative higher cost as compared to other types of pharmaceutical products, is beginning to
generate significant payer interest in developing cost containment strategies targeted to this sector. While the impact on our payers efforts to control access and pricing of specialty pharmaceuticals has been limited to date, our portfolio of
specialty products, combined with the increasing use of health technology assessment in markets around the world and the deteriorating finances of governments, may lead to a more significant adverse business impact in the future.
43
Factors Related to Our Relationship with Novartis
If we breach any of the numerous representations and warranties we made to Novartis under the development and commercialization agreement, the
termination agreement or the stock purchase agreement, Novartis has the right to seek indemnification from us for damages it suffers as a result of such breach. These amounts could be substantial.
We have agreed to indemnify Novartis and its affiliates against losses suffered as a result of our breach of representations and
warranties in the development and commercialization agreement, the termination agreement and the stock purchase agreement. Under these agreements, we made numerous representations and warranties to Novartis regarding our HCV and HBV drug candidates,
including representations regarding our ownership of and licensed rights to the inventions and discoveries relating to such drug candidates. If one or more of our representations or warranties were subsequently determined not to be true at the time
we made them to Novartis, we would be in breach of these agreements. In the event of a breach by us, Novartis has the right to seek indemnification from us and, under certain circumstances, our stockholders who sold shares to Novartis, which include
some of our directors and officers, for damages suffered by Novartis as a result of such breach. The amounts for which we could become liable to Novartis could be substantial.
In May 2004, we entered into a settlement agreement with UAB, relating to our ownership of our former chief executive officers inventorship interest in certain of our patents and patent
applications, including patent applications covering our HCV drug candidates. Under the terms of the settlement agreement, we agreed to make payments to UAB, including an initial payment made in 2004 in the amount of $2.0 million, as well as
regulatory milestone payments and payments relating to net sales of certain products. Novartis may seek to recover from us and, under certain circumstances, our stockholders who sold shares to Novartis, which include many of our officers and
directors, the losses it suffers as a result of any breach of the representations and warranties we made relating to our HCV drug candidates and may assert that such losses include the settlement payments.
In July 2008, we, our former chief executive officer, in his individual capacity, the University of Montpellier and
CNRS entered into a settlement agreement with UAB, UABRF, and Emory University. Pursuant to this settlement agreement, all contractual disputes relating to patents covering the use of certain synthetic nucleosides for the treatment of HBV and all
litigation matters relating to patents and patent applications related to the use of ß-L-2-deoxy-nucleosides for the treatment of HBV assigned to one or more of Idenix, CNRS, and the University of Montpellier and which cover the use of
Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV have been resolved. Under the terms of the settlement, we paid UABRF (on behalf of UAB and Emory University) a $4.0 million upfront payment
and will make additional payments to UABRF equal to 20% of all royalty payments received by us from Novartis based on worldwide sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
, subject to minimum
payment obligations aggregating $11.0 million. Novartis may seek to recover from us and, under certain circumstances, those of our officers, directors and other stockholders who sold shares to Novartis, losses it suffers as a result of any breach of
the representations and warranties we made to Novartis relating to our HBV drug candidates and may assert that such losses include the settlement payments. Under the termination agreement we entered into with Novartis in July 2012, Novartis is
required to reimburse us for our contractual payments we make to UABRF under the settlement agreement.
If we issue capital stock, in
certain situations, Novartis will be able to purchase a pro rata portion of shares that we may issue to maintain its percentage ownership in Idenix.
Novartis has the right, subject to limited exceptions noted below, to purchase a pro rata portion of shares of capital stock that we issue. The price that Novartis pays for these securities would be
either the price that we offer such securities to third-parties, including the price paid by persons who acquire shares of our capital stock pursuant to awards granted under stock compensation or equity incentive plans or, in specified situations,
for a 10% premium to the consideration per share paid by others acquiring our stock. Novartis right to purchase a pro rata portion does not include:
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securities issuable in connection with any stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend or recapitalization that we undertake that affects all
holders of our common stock proportionately;
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shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and other awards pursuant to our 1998 equity incentive plan; and
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securities issuable in connection with our acquisition of all the capital stock or all or substantially all of the assets of another entity.
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Except as noted above, Novartis right to purchase shares includes a right to purchase securities that
are convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, provided that Novartis right to purchase stock in connection with options or other convertible securities issued to any of our directors, officers, employees or consultants pursuant
to any stock
44
compensation or equity incentive plan will not be triggered until the underlying equity security has been issued to the director, officer, employee or consultant. Novartis waived its right to
purchase additional shares of our common stock as a result of the shares of common stock we issued to GSK, in 2009. Additionally, Novartis did not purchase shares of our common stock pursuant to our underwritten offerings in August 2009, April
2010 or November 2011. We issued 1.8 million shares of our common stock to Novartis pursuant to a private placement agreement in conjunction with our underwritten offering in April 2011. Novartis ownership was subsequently diluted from
approximately 53% prior to the August 2009 offering to approximately 25% as of October 24, 2012.
The safety or efficacy profile of
any of our HCV clinical candidates may differ in combination with other existing or future drugs used to treat HCV, including those being developed by Novartis, and therefore may preclude the further development or approval of our HCV clinical
candidates, which could materially harm our business.
Phase II and phase III clinical trials of other DAAs similar to
those being developed by us are now being conducted in combination with the current standard of care and increasingly, with other DAAs in clinical development. Therefore, the clinical development and commercialization pathway for our product
candidates we may develop in the future for the treatment of HCV, will require that it be evaluated during clinical trials in combination with other existing or future antivirals. When combined with other HCV therapies, our product candidates may
demonstrate unexpected side effects even if our product candidates demonstrate meaningful therapeutic benefits equal to or better than our competitors compounds, an acceptable safety profile, and a dose amenable to combination therapy in phase
I and other early-stage clinical trials. Under limited circumstances, Novartis has rights to combine its HCV clinical candidates, including alisporivir, with our HCV clinical candidates, including IDX184, IDX719 and IDX19368. In August 2012, the FDA
placed IDX184 on partial clinical hold and IDX19368 on clinical hold and we do not know whether or when the FDA will allow us to continue development of either of these drug candidates. Novartis may elect to perform certain combination trials with
our HCV clinical candidates and its clinical candidates. We believe the optimized treatment of HCV will involve the combination of three or more antiviral compounds. We cannot assure that any of our HCV clinical candidates will be amenable for use
in combination with some, or any, existing therapies or those in clinical development, including HCV clinical candidates developed by Novartis now or in the future.
If we enter into a future commercialization agreement with Novartis and Novartis terminates or fails to perform its obligations under such agreement, we may not be able to successfully commercialize
our drug candidates licensed to Novartis under such agreement and the development and commercialization of our other drug candidates could be delayed, curtailed or terminated.
Following the receipt of certain data related to a combination trial and upon Novartis request, we and Novartis are obligated to
use, in good faith, commercially reasonable efforts to negotiate a future agreement for the development, manufacture and commercialization of such combination therapy for the treatment of HCV. Neither party is obligated to negotiate for a period
longer than 180 days. We may not be able to obtain terms that are favorable to us, including obtaining co-promotion and co-marketing rights or a reasonable royalty for future sales of combination therapies including our HCV drug candidates. If we do
enter into such an agreement, we will likely depend upon the success of the efforts of Novartis to manufacture, market and sell such combination therapies, if any, that are successfully developed. We will have limited control over the resources that
Novartis may devote to such manufacturing and commercialization efforts and, if Novartis does not devote sufficient time and resources to such efforts, we may not realize the commercial or financial benefits we anticipate, and our results of
operations may be adversely affected.
If Novartis were to breach or terminate a future commercialization agreement with us,
the development or commercialization of the affected drug candidate or product could be delayed, curtailed or terminated because we may not have sufficient resources or capabilities, financial or otherwise, to continue development and
commercialization of the drug candidate, and we may not be successful in entering into a collaboration with another third-party.
Factors
Related to Our Dependence on Third-Parties Other Than Novartis
If we seek to enter into collaboration agreements for any drug
candidates and we are not successful in establishing such collaborations, we may not be able to continue development of those drug candidates.
Our drug development programs and product commercialization efforts will require substantial additional cash to fund expenses to be incurred in connection with these activities. We may seek to enter into
collaboration agreements with other pharmaceutical companies to fund all or part of the costs of drug development and commercialization of drug candidates. We may seek a partner who will assist in the future development and commercialization of our
drug candidates for the treatment of HCV. The terms and conditions of our termination agreement with Novartis may discourage other third-parties from entering into future collaboration agreements and relationships with us. We may not be able to
enter into collaboration agreements and the terms of any such collaboration agreements may not be favorable to us. In August 2012, the FDA
45
placed IDX184, our most advanced HCV compound under clinical development, on partial clinical hold, and IDX19368, an HCV nucleotide inhibitor on clinical hold. Both of these holds were due to
serious cardiac-related adverse events observed with a competitors nucleotide polymerase inhibitor, BMS-986094 (formerly INX-189). In previous clinical trials as well as the ongoing phase IIb clinical trial of IDX184 in combination with
Peg-IFN/RBV we have found no evidence to date of toxicity in patients dosed with IDX184 with Peg-IFN/RBV beyond that seen with Peg-IFN/RBV alone. There can be no assurance that the FDA will allow us to continue to pursue development of either of
these drug candidates. Even if the FDA removes these clinical holds, if we are not successful in our efforts to enter into a collaboration arrangement with respect to a drug candidate, we may not have sufficient funds to develop such drug candidate
or any other drug candidate internally.
If we do not have sufficient funds to develop our drug candidates, we will not be
able to bring these drug candidates to market and generate revenue. As a result, our business will be adversely affected. In addition, the inability to enter into collaboration agreements could delay or preclude the development, manufacture and/or
commercialization of a drug candidate and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations because:
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we may be required to expend our own funds to advance the drug candidate to commercialization;
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revenue from product sales could be delayed; or
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we may elect not to develop or commercialize the drug candidate.
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Our collaborations with outside scientists may be subject to restriction and change.
We work with chemists and biologists at academic and other institutions that assist us in our research and development efforts. Many of our drug candidates were discovered with the research and
development assistance of these chemists and biologists. Many of the scientists who have contributed to the discovery and development of our drug candidates are not our employees and may have other commitments that would limit their future
availability to us. Although our scientific advisors and collaborators generally agree not to do competing work, if a conflict of interest between their work for us and their work for another entity arises, we may lose their services.
We have depended on third-party manufacturers to manufacture products for us. If in the future we manufacture any of our products, we will be
required to incur significant costs and devote significant efforts to establish these capabilities.
We have relied
upon third-parties to produce material for preclinical and clinical studies and may continue to do so in the future. Although we believe that we will not have any material supply issues, we cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain long-term
supply arrangements of those materials on acceptable terms. We also expect to rely on third-parties to produce materials required for clinical trials and for the commercial production of certain of our products if we succeed in obtaining necessary
regulatory approvals. If we are unable to arrange for third-party manufacturing, or to do so on commercially reasonable terms, we may not be able to complete development of our products or market them.
Reliance on third-party manufacturers entails risks to which we would not be subject if we manufactured products ourselves, including
reliance on the third-party for regulatory compliance and quality assurance, the possibility of breach by the third-party of agreements related to supply because of factors beyond our control and the possibility of termination or nonrenewal of the
agreement by the third-party, based on its own business priorities, at a time that is costly or damaging to us.
In addition,
the FDA and other regulatory authorities require that our products be manufactured according to cGMP regulations. Any failure by us or our third-party manufacturers to comply with cGMPs and/or our failure to scale up our manufacturing processes
could lead to a delay in, or failure to obtain, regulatory approval. In addition, such failure could be the basis for action by the FDA to withdraw approvals for drug candidates previously granted to us and for other regulatory action.
Factors Related to Patents and Licenses
If we are unable to adequately protect our patents and licenses related to our drug candidates, or if we infringe the rights of others, it may not
be possible to successfully commercialize products that we develop.
Our success will depend in part on our ability to
obtain and maintain patent protection both in the United States and in other countries for any products we successfully develop. The patents and patent applications in our patent portfolio are either owned by us, exclusively licensed to us, or
co-owned by us and others and exclusively licensed to us. Our ability to protect any products we successfully develop from unauthorized or infringing use by third-parties depends substantially on our ability to obtain and maintain valid and
enforceable patents. Due to evolving legal standards relating to the
46
patentability, validity and enforceability of patents covering pharmaceutical inventions and the scope of claims made under these patents, our ability to obtain and enforce patents is uncertain
and involves complex legal and factual questions. Accordingly, rights under any issued patents may not provide us with sufficient protection for any products we successfully develop or provide sufficient protection to afford us a commercial
advantage against our competitors or their competitive products or processes. In addition, we cannot guarantee that any patents will be issued from any pending or future patent applications owned by or licensed to us. Even if patents have been
issued or will be issued, we cannot guarantee that the claims of these patents are, or will be, valid or enforceable, or provide us with any significant protection against competitive products or otherwise be commercially valuable to us. The U.S.
Congress passed the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act, or the America Invents Act, which was signed into law in September 2011. The America Invents Act reforms U.S. patent law in part by changing the standard for patent approval from a first to
invent standard to a first inventor to file standard and developing a post-grant review system. This new legislation affects U.S. patent law in a manner that may impact our ability to obtain or maintain patent protection for
current or future inventions in the U.S. or otherwise cause uncertainty as to our patent protection.
We may not have
identified all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business, either by blocking our ability to commercialize our drug candidates, by preventing the patentability of our drug candidates by us, our licensors or
co-owners, or by covering the same or similar technologies that may invalidate our patents, limiting the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affecting our ability to market our drug candidates. For example, patent applications are
maintained in confidence for at least 18 months after their filing. In some cases, patent applications remain confidential in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, which we refer to as the USPTO, for the entire time prior to issuance of a U.S.
patent. Patent applications filed in countries outside the United States are not typically published until at least 18 months from their first filing date. Similarly, publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature often lags
behind actual discoveries. Therefore, we cannot be certain that we or our licensors or co-owners were the first to invent, or the first inventors to file, patent applications on our product or drug candidates or for their uses. In the event that
another party has filed a U.S. patent application covering the same invention as one of our patent applications or patents, we may have to participate in an adversarial proceeding, known as an interference, declared by the USPTO to determine
priority of invention in the United States. In late February 2012, an interference was declared by the USPTO concerning a patent application co-owned by us and a patent owned by Gilead Pharmasset LLC. The application and patent claim to certain
nucleoside compounds useful in treating HCV. We cannot predict whether we will prevail. Our co-owned application at issue in the interference is not relevant to our compound IDX184 or any other compounds we currently have under development. An
interference is based upon complex specialized U.S. patent law and we expect the interference proceeding could be expensive and time consuming, but we do not believe it will be relevant to any of our current clinical candidates, including IDX184.
The costs of these proceedings could be substantial and it is possible that our efforts could be unsuccessful, potentially
resulting in loss of our U.S. patent application at issue in the interference, which as noted above is not relevant to IDX184 or any other compounds we currently have under development. The laws of some foreign jurisdictions do not protect
intellectual property rights to the same extent as in the United States and many companies have encountered significant difficulties in protecting and defending such rights in foreign jurisdictions. If we encounter such difficulties in protecting,
or are otherwise precluded from effectively protecting, our intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions, our business prospects could be substantially harmed.
Since our HBV product, telbivudine, was a known compound before the filing of our patent applications covering the use of this drug candidate to treat HBV, we cannot obtain patent protection on
telbivudine itself. As a result, we have obtained and maintain patents granted on the method of using telbivudine as a medical therapy for the treatment of HBV. In the termination agreement, we have agreed to transfer all our rights to patents and
patent applications associated with telbivudine to Novartis.
In July 2008, we entered into a settlement
agreement with UAB, UABRF and Emory University relating to our telbivudine technology. Pursuant to this settlement agreement, all contractual disputes relating to patents covering the use of certain synthetic nucleosides for the treatment of HBV and
all litigation matters relating to patents and patent applications related to the use of ß-L-2-deoxy-nucleosides for the treatment of HBV assigned to one or more of Idenix, CNRS and the University of Montpellier and which cover the use
of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV have been resolved. UAB also agreed to abandon certain continuation patent applications it filed in July 2005. Under the terms of the
settlement, we paid UABRF (on behalf of UAB and Emory University) a $4.0 million upfront payment and will make additional payments to UABRF equal to 20% of all royalty payments received by us from Novartis based on worldwide sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
, subject to minimum payment obligations in the aggregate of $11.0 million. Under the termination agreement, we will no longer receive royalty or milestone payments
from Novartis based upon worldwide product sales of Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
for the treatment of HBV. Novartis is committed to reimburse us for our contractual payment obligations due to
third-parties, including UABRF, in connection with intellectual property related to Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
.
47
In accordance with our patent strategy, we are attempting to obtain patent protection for
our HCV drug candidates, including IDX184, IDX719 and IDX19368. We have filed U.S. and foreign patent applications for our drug candidates, and in some jurisdictions have obtained patent protection, related to IDX184 itself, as well as to methods of
treating HCV with IDX184. Further, we are prosecuting U.S. and foreign patent applications, and have been granted U.S. and foreign patents, claiming methods of treating HCV with nucleoside/nucleotide polymerase inhibitors.
We are aware that a number of other companies have filed patent applications attempting to cover broad classes of compounds and their use
to treat HCV or infection by any member of the Flaviviridae virus family to which HCV belongs. These classes of compounds might relate to nucleoside polymerase inhibitors associated with IDX184, IDX19368 and/or our NS5A inhibitor, IDX719. The
companies include Merck & Co., Inc., Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ribapharm, Inc. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International), Genelabs Technologies, Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Enanta
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Presidio Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Biota, Inc. (a subsidiary of Biota Holdings Ltd.). A foreign country may grant patent rights covering one or more of our drug candidates to one or more other companies. If that occurs, we may
need to challenge the third-party patent rights, and if we do not challenge or are not successful with the challenge, we will need to obtain a license that might not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. The USPTO may grant
patent rights covering one or more of our drug candidates to one or more other companies. If that occurs, we may need to challenge the third-party patent rights, and if we do not challenge or are not successful with the challenge, we will need to
obtain a license that might not be available at all or on commercially reasonable terms. Given the breadth of our patent portfolio to HCV nucleosides/nucleotides, we expect many competitors to challenge our patents in, for example, Europe, Canada,
Australia or the United States at the appropriate time. We cannot predict whether these challenges will occur, or, if they do, exactly when they will occur. We also cannot predict the outcome of any of these challenges, and they may be expensive and
time consuming.
In June 2012, Gilead Sciences, Inc. filed suit against us in Canadian Federal Court seeking to invalidate one
of our issued Canadian patents. Our patent, which is the subject of the Canadian litigation, covers similar subject matter to that patent application at issue in the U.S. interference and is not relevant to IDX184 or any other compounds we currently
have under development. In September 2012, Gilead Sciences, Ltd. filed suit against us in the Norway District Court of Oslo seeking to invalidate one of our issued Norwegian patents. Our patent at issue in the potential Norwegian litigation covers
similar subject matter to that patent application at issue in the U.S. interference and is not relevant to IDX184 or any other compounds we currently have under development. Gilead Sciences, Inc. may make similar claims or bring additional legal
proceedings in other jurisdictions where we have granted patents. While we cannot predict whether we will prevail, we intend to vigorously defend these actions and any others like it brought by any third-party. We expect these litigation proceedings
could be expensive and time consuming, but we do not believe they will be relevant to any of our current clinical candidates, including IDX184.
A number of companies have filed patent applications and have obtained patents covering certain compositions and methods for the treatment, diagnosis and/or screening of HCV that could materially affect
the ability to develop and commercialize current drug candidates and other drug candidates we may develop in the future. For example, we are aware that Apath, LLC has obtained broad patents covering HCV proteins, nucleic acids, diagnostics and drug
screens. If we need to use these patented materials or methods to develop any of our HCV drug candidates and the materials or methods fall outside certain safe harbors in the laws governing patent infringement, we will need to buy these products
from a licensee of the company authorized to sell such products or we will require a license from one or more companies, which may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. This could materially affect or preclude our
ability to develop and sell our HCV drug candidates.
If we find that any drug candidates we are developing should be used in
combination with a product covered by a patent held by another company or institution, and that a labeling instruction is required in product packaging recommending that combination, we could be accused of, or held liable for, infringement or
inducement of infringement of certain third-party patents claims covering the product recommended for co-administration with our product. In that case, we may be required to obtain a license from the other company or institution to provide the
required or desired package labeling, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
Litigation and
disputes related to intellectual property matters occur frequently in the biopharmaceutical industry. Litigation regarding patents, patent applications and other proprietary rights may be expensive and time consuming. If we are unsuccessful in
litigation concerning patents or patent applications owned or co-owned by us or licensed to us, we may not be able to protect our products from competition or we may be precluded from selling our products. If we are involved in such litigation, it
could cause delays in bringing drug candidates to market and harm our ability to operate. Such litigation could take place in the United States in a federal court or in the USPTO. The litigation could also take place in a foreign country, in either
the courts or the patent office of that country.
48
Our success will depend in part on our ability to uphold and enforce patents or patent
applications owned or co-owned by us or licensed to us, which cover products we successfully develop. Proceedings involving our patents or patent applications could result in adverse decisions regarding:
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ownership of patents and patent applications;
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rights concerning our licenses;
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the patentability of our inventions relating to our products and drug candidates; and/or
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the enforceability, validity or scope of protection offered by our patents relating to our products and drug candidates.
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Even if we are successful in these proceedings, we may incur substantial costs and divert managements time and attention in
pursuing these proceedings, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
In May 2004, we and our former chief executive
officer entered into a settlement agreement with UAB resolving a dispute regarding ownership of inventions and discoveries made by our former chief executive officer during the period from November 1999 to November 2002, at which time our former
chief executive officer was on sabbatical and then unpaid leave from his position at UAB. The patent applications we filed with respect to such inventions and discoveries include the patent applications covering valopicitabine and IDX184.
Under the terms of the settlement agreement with UAB, we agreed to make a $2.0 million initial payment to UAB, as well as
other contingent payments based upon the commercial launch of other HCV products discovered or invented by our former chief executive officer during his sabbatical and unpaid leave. In addition, UAB and UABRF have each agreed that neither of them
has any right, title or ownership interest in these inventions and discoveries. Under the development and commercialization agreement, termination agreement and stock purchase agreement, we made numerous representations and warranties to Novartis
regarding our HCV program, including representations regarding our ownership of the inventions and discoveries. If one or more of our representations or warranties were subsequently determined not to be true at the time we made them to Novartis, we
would be in breach of these agreements. In the event of a breach by us, Novartis has the right to seek indemnification from us and, under certain circumstances, our stockholders who sold shares to Novartis, which include many of our directors and
officers, for damages suffered by Novartis as a result of such breach. The amounts for which we could be liable to Novartis could be substantial.
Our success will also depend in part on our ability to avoid infringement of the patent rights of others. If it is determined that we do infringe a patent right of another, we may be required to seek a
license (which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all), defend an infringement action or challenge the validity of the patents in court. Patent litigation is costly and time consuming. We may not have sufficient resources to
bring these actions to a successful conclusion. In addition, if we are not successful in infringement litigation and we do not license or develop non-infringing technology, we may:
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incur substantial monetary damages;
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encounter significant delays in bringing our drug candidates to market; and/or
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be precluded from participating in the manufacture, use or sale of our drug candidates or methods of treatment requiring licenses.
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Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other
proprietary information.
To protect our proprietary technology and processes, we also rely in part on confidentiality
agreements with our corporate collaborators, employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers and other advisors. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not
provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and confidential information and in such cases we could not assert any trade secret
rights against such parties. Costly and time consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive
business position.
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If any of our agreements that grant us the exclusive right to make, use and sell our drug candidates
are terminated, we and/or future collaboration partners may be unable to develop or commercialize our drug candidates.
We, together with Novartis, entered into an amended and restated agreement with CNRS and the University of Montpellier, co-owners of the patents and patent applications covering Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
and valtorcitabine. This agreement covers both the cooperative research program and the terms of our exclusive right to exploit the results of the cooperative
research, including Tyzeka
®
/Sebivo
®
and valtorcitabine. The cooperative research program with CNRS and the University of Montpellier ended in December 2006 although many of the terms remain in effect
for the duration of the patent life of the affected products. We and Novartis have also entered into two agreements with the University of Cagliari, the co-owner of the patents and patent applications covering some of our HCV drug candidates and
certain other drug candidates. One agreement with the University of Cagliari covers our cooperative research program and the other agreement is an exclusive license to develop and sell jointly created drug candidates. Our relationship with Cagliari
ended in December 2010 although many of the terms remain in effect for the duration of the patent life of the affected products. Under the amended and restated agreement with CNRS and the University of Montpellier and the license agreement, as
amended, with the University of Cagliari, we obtained from our co-owners the exclusive right to exploit these drug candidates. Subject to certain rights afforded to Novartis as they relate to the license agreement with the University of Cagliari and
CNRS, respectively, these agreements can be terminated by either party in circumstances such as the occurrence of an uncured breach by the non-terminating party. The termination of our rights, including patent rights, under the agreement with CNRS
and the University of Montpellier or the license agreement, as amended, with the University of Cagliari would have a material adverse effect on our business and could prevent us from developing a drug candidate or selling a product. In addition,
these agreements provide that we pay certain costs of patent prosecution, maintenance and enforcement. These costs could be substantial. Our inability or failure to pay these costs could result in the termination of the agreements or certain rights
under them.
Under our amended and restated agreement with CNRS and the University of Montpellier and our license agreement,
as amended, with the University of Cagliari, we and Novartis have the right to exploit and license certain co-owned drug candidates. However, our agreements with CNRS and the University of Montpellier and with the University of Cagliari are
currently governed by, and will be interpreted and enforced under, French and Italian law, respectively, which are different in substantial respects from United States law and which may be unfavorable to us in material respects. Under French law,
co-owners of intellectual property cannot exploit, assign or license their individual rights without the permission of the co-owners. Similarly, under Italian law, co-owners of intellectual property cannot exploit or license their individual rights
without the permission of the co-owners. Accordingly, if our agreements with the University of Cagliari terminate based on a breach, we may not be able to exploit, license or otherwise convey to Novartis or other third-parties our rights in certain
products or drug candidates for a desired commercial purpose without the consent of the co-owner, which could materially affect our business and prevent us from developing certain drug candidates and selling our products.
Under United States law, a patent co-owner has the right to prevent another co-owner from suing infringers by refusing to join
voluntarily in a suit to enforce a patent. Our amended and restated agreement with CNRS and the University of Montpellier and our license agreement, as amended, with the University of Cagliari provide that such parties will cooperate to enforce our
jointly owned patents on our products or drug candidates. If these agreements terminate or the parties cooperation is not given or is withdrawn, or they refuse to join in litigation that requires their participation, we may not be able to
enforce these patent rights or protect our markets.
Factors Related to Our Common Stock
Our common stock may have a volatile trading price.
The market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate include:
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the results of ongoing and planned clinical trials of our drug candidates;
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developments in the market with respect to competing products or more generally the treatment of HCV;
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the results of preclinical studies and planned clinical trials of our other discovery-stage programs;
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future sales of, and the trading volume in, our common stock;
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the timing and success of the launch of products, if any, we successfully develop;
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the decision by Novartis to initiate a combination trial with one of our HCV drug candidates;
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the entry into key agreements, including those related to the acquisition or in-licensing of new programs, or the termination of key agreements;
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the results and timing of regulatory actions relating to the approval of our drug candidates, including any decision by the regulatory
authorities to place a clinical hold on our drug candidates, such as the clinical holds placed on IDX184 and IDX19368 in August 2012;
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the initiation of, material developments in or conclusion of litigation to enforce or defend any of our intellectual property rights;
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the initiation of, material developments in or conclusion of litigation to defend products liability claims;
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the failure of any of our drug candidates, if approved, to achieve commercial success;
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the results of clinical trials conducted by others on drugs that would compete with our drug candidates;
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issues in manufacturing our drug candidates or any approved products;
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the loss of key employees;
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adverse publicity related to our company, our products or our product candidates;
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changes in estimates or recommendations by securities analysts who cover our common stock;
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future financings through the issuance of equity or debt securities or otherwise;
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changes in the structure of health care payment systems;
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our cash position and period-to-period fluctuations in our financial results; and
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general and industry-specific economic conditions.
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Moreover, the stock markets in general have experienced substantial volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of individual companies. These broad market fluctuations may also
adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.
We do not anticipate paying cash dividends, so you must rely on stock price
appreciation for any return on your investment.
We anticipate retaining any future earnings for reinvestment in our
research and development programs. Therefore, we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the future. As a result, only appreciation of the price of our common stock will provide a return to stockholders. Investors seeking cash dividends should
not invest in our common stock.
Sales of additional shares of our common stock could result in dilution to existing stockholders and
cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market
or the availability of such shares for sale, could adversely affect the price of our common stock. In addition, the issuance of common stock upon exercise of outstanding options could be dilutive and may cause the market price for a share of our
common stock to decline. As of October 24, 2012, we had 133,882,699 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, together with outstanding options to purchase 7,644,088 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $7.58
per share.
Novartis has rights, subject to certain conditions, to require us to file registration statements covering their
shares or to include its shares in registration statements that we may file for ourselves.
Novartis ownership of our common stock
could delay or prevent a change in corporate control.
As of October 24, 2012, Novartis owned approximately 25% of
our common stock. This concentration of ownership may harm the market price of our common stock by:
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delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company;
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impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving our company; or
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discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.
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An investment in our common stock may decline in value as a result of announcements of business developments by us or
our competitors.
The market price of our common stock is subject to substantial volatility as a result of
announcements by us or other companies in our industry. As a result, purchasers of our common stock may not be able to sell their shares of common stock at or above the price at which they purchased such stock. Announcements which may subject the
price of our common stock to substantial volatility include but are not limited to:
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the termination agreement with Novartis or the decision by Novartis to initiate a joint combination trial with one of our HCV drug candidates;
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the termination of the ViiV license agreement;
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the results of our clinical trials pertaining to any of our drug candidates;
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the results of discovery, preclinical studies and clinical trials by us or our competitors;
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the acquisition of technologies, drug candidates or products by us or our competitors;
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the development of new technologies, drug candidates or products by us or our competitors;
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regulatory actions with respect to our drug candidates or products or those of our competitors, including those relating to clinical trials,
such as clinical holds imposed by regulatory authorities, marketing authorizations, pricing and reimbursement;
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the timing and success of launches of any product we successfully develop;
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the market acceptance of any products we successfully develop;
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significant changes to our existing business model;
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the initiation of, material developments in or conclusion of litigation to enforce or defend any of our intellectual property rights; and
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significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors.
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In addition, if we fail to reach an important research, development or commercialization milestone or result by a publicly expected
deadline, even if by only a small margin, there could be a significant impact on the market price of our common stock. Additionally, as we approach the announcement of important clinical data or other significant information and as we announce such
results and information, we expect the price of our common stock to be particularly volatile and negative results would have a substantial negative impact on the price of our common stock.
We could be subject to class action litigation due to stock price volatility, which, if such litigation occurs, will distract our management and could result in substantial costs or large judgments
against us.
The stock market frequently experiences extreme price and volume fluctuations. In August 2012, we
experienced a significant decline in our stock price based, in part, on the FDAs decision to place a partial clinical hold on IDX184 and a clinical hold on IDX19368, two of our drug candidates for the treatment of HCV. In addition, the market
prices of securities of companies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry have been extremely volatile and have experienced fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies.
These fluctuations could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In the past, securities class action litigation has often been brought against companies following periods of volatility in the market prices of their securities. Due to
the volatility in our stock price, we may be the target of similar litigation in the future.
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Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our managements
attention and resources, which could cause serious harm to our business, operating results and financial condition.
Item 2.
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Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
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None.
Item 3.
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Defaults Upon Senior Securities
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None.
Item 4.
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Mine Safety Disclosures
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None.
Item 5.
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Other Information
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None.
See
Exhibit Index on the page immediately preceding the exhibits for a list of the exhibits filed as a part of this Quarterly Report, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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Date: November 1, 2012
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By:
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/s/ RONALD C. RENAUD, JR.
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Ronald C. Renaud, Jr.
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President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
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Date: November 1, 2012
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By:
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/s/ DANIELLA BECKMAN
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Daniella Beckman
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Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Accounting Officer)
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EXHIBIT INDEX
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Exhibit
No.
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Description
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21.1
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Subsidiaries of the Company
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31.1
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Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
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31.2
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Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
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32.1
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Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
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32.2
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Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
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101
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INSTANCE DOCUMENT
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101
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SCHEMA DOCUMENT
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101
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CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
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101
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DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
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101
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LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
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101
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PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
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