Item 2.01. Completion of Acquisition or Disposition
of Assets.
The disclosure set forth
under “Introductory Note—Domestication and Transactions” above is incorporated into this Item 2.01 by reference.
An extraordinary general
meeting of IPAX stockholders was held on February 8, 2023 (the “Extraordinary General Meeting”), where the IPAX stockholders
considered and approved, among other matters, a proposal to approve the entry into the Business Combination Agreement and consummate
the Transactions contemplated thereby.
Prior to the Extraordinary
General Meeting, 27,481,818 holders of IPAX Class A Ordinary Shares exercised their right to redeem those shares for cash at a price
of approximately $10.1843 per share, for an aggregate of $279,884,313.81 (the “Redemptions”). As previously announced, on
February 9, 2023, IPAX and Intuitive Machines OpCo entered into separate agreements Forward Purchase Agreements with each of Polar Multi-Strategy Master Fund (“Polar”) and The HGC Fund LP
(“HGC” and, each of Polar and HCG, individually, a “Seller” and, together, the “Sellers”) for over-the-counter
Equity Prepaid Forward Transactions, pursuant to which each Seller agreed to hold, and waive any redemption rights with respect to, a
maximum of 1,250,000 Cayman Class A Shares in connection with the closing of the Business Combination. Each Seller, acting separately
and solely for its own account, was entitled to (i) reverse its previous election to redeem its Cayman Class A Shares in connection with
the Business Combination or (ii) purchase Cayman Class A Shares through a broker in the open market from holders of Cayman Class A Shares
(other than IPAX), including from holders who had previously elected to redeem their Cayman Class A Shares in connection with the Business
Combination, such that, in the aggregate, such Seller owned up to 1,250,000 Cayman Class A Shares as of the Closing Date.
After giving effect to the Redemptions and the transactions contemplated by the Forward Purchase Agreements, there were 13,736,932 shares
of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock and 23,332,500 Intuitive Machines Warrants outstanding. Upon the consummation of the Transactions
as of the open of business on February 13, 2023, IPAX’s ordinary shares, warrants and units ceased trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market
LLC (“Nasdaq”), and Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock and Intuitive Machines Warrants began trading on the Nasdaq on
February 14, 2023 under the symbols “LUNR” and “LUNRW,” respectively. Immediately after giving effect to the consummation
of the Transactions, (1) IPAX’s public shareholders owned approximately 3.2% of the outstanding Intuitive Machines’ common
stock, (2) members of Intuitive Machines OpCo (without taking into account any public shares held by Intuitive Machines) owned approximately
83.2% of the outstanding Intuitive Machines common stock and (3) the Sponsor and their related parties collectively owned approximately
13.6% of the outstanding Intuitive Machines common stock.
FORM 10 INFORMATION
Item
2.01(f) of Form 8-K provides that if the predecessor registrant was a “shell company” (as such term is defined in
Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as IPAX was immediately
before the Transactions, then the registrant must disclose the information that would be required if the registrant were filing a general
form for registration of securities on Form 10. As a result of the consummation of the Transactions, and as discussed below in Item 5.06
of this Report, Intuitive Machines has ceased to be a shell company. Accordingly, Intuitive Machines is providing the information below
that would be included in a Form 10 if it were to file a Form 10. Please note that the information provided below relates to the combined
company after the consummation of the Transactions, unless otherwise specifically indicated or the context otherwise requires.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements
This Current Report contains
forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to expectations for future
financial performance, business strategies or expectations of our businesses. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions
of Intuitive Machines’ management. Intuitive Machines believes that its plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested
by these forward-looking statements are reasonable, Intuitive Machines cannot assure you that it will achieve or realize these plans,
intentions or expectations. These statements constitute projections, forecasts and forward-looking statements, and are not guarantees
of performance. Such statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. When used
in this Current Report, words such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “can”, “continue”, “could”,
“estimate”, “expect”, “forecast”, “intend”, “may”, “might”, “plan”,
“possible”, “potential”, “predict”, “project”, “seek”, “should”,
“strive”, “target”, “will”, “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking
statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking.
Forward-looking
statements in this Current Report and in any document incorporated by reference in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus may include, for
example, statements about Intuitive Machines OpCo prior to the consummation of the Transactions and Intuitive Machines following the
consummation of the Transactions, including:
| ● | the ability of Intuitive Machines to realize the benefits expected from the Business Combination Agreement; |
| ● | the ability to maintain the listing of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock on Nasdaq; |
| ● | the ability to raise financing in the future and to comply with restrictive covenants related to long-term
indebtedness; |
| ● | the future financial performance of Intuitive Machines following the Business Combination; |
| ● | Intuitive Machines’ ability to retain or recruit, or to effect changes required in, its officers,
key employees or directors following the Business Combination; |
| ● | changes in the market for Intuitive Machines’ products and services and Intuitive Machines’
ability to effectively compete in the space industry following the Business Combination; and |
| ● | Intuitive Machines’ ability to comply with laws and regulations applicable to its business. |
These forward-looking statements
are based on information available as of the date of this Current Report and Intuitive Machines’ management teams’ current
expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors,
many of which are outside the control of Intuitive Machines and their respective directors, officers and affiliates. Accordingly, forward-looking
statements should not be relied upon as representing Intuitive Machines management teams’ views as of any subsequent date. Intuitive
Machines does not undertake any obligation to update, add or to otherwise correct any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect
events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events, inaccuracies that become
apparent after the date hereof or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
Business
Intuitive Machines’
business is described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Information About Intuitive Machines,” which
is incorporated herein by reference.
Risk Factors
The risks associated with Intuitive Machines’ business are described
in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Risk Factors,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Reference is made to the disclosure contained in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus
in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Intuitive
Machines,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures
about Market Risk
Reference is made to the disclosure contained in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus
in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of Intuitive
Machines—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Properties
Reference is made to the
disclosure contained in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Information About Intuitive
Machines—Facilities,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial
Owners and Management
The following table sets
forth beneficial ownership of Intuitive Machines common stock following the consummation of the Transactions by:
| ● | each person who is known to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of shares of Intuitive Machines common
stock; |
| ● | each of Intuitive Machines’ current named executive officers and directors; and |
| ● | all current executive officers and directors of Intuitive Machines as a group. |
The information below is
based on an aggregate of 18,070,265 shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock, 10,566 shares of Intuitive Machines Class B Common
Stock and 68,140,188 shares of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock issued and outstanding as of the consummation of the Transactions.
Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of
a security if he, she, or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including warrants that are currently
exercisable or exercisable within 60 days. Voting power represents the combined voting power of shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common
Stock, Intuitive Machines Class B Common Stock and Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock owned beneficially by such person. On all matters
to be voted upon, holders of shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock, Intuitive Machines Class B Common Stock and Intuitive
Machines Class C Common Stock will vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to the stockholders for their vote or approval.
Holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to the stockholders
for their vote or approval and holders of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock are entitled to three votes per share on all matters
submitted to the stockholders for their vote or approval.
Unless otherwise indicated,
Intuitive Machines believes that all persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to the voting
securities beneficially owned by them.
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) | |
Number of Shares of Class A Common Stock | | |
% of Ownership | | |
Number of Shares of Class B Common Stock | | |
% of Ownership | | |
Number of Shares of Class C Common Stock | | |
% of Ownership | | |
Number of Shares of Class A, Class B and Class C Common Stock | | |
% of Total Voting Power | |
5% Holders | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| |
Guy Shanon(2)(3) | |
| 21,626,250 | | |
| 51.5 | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| 21,626,250 | | |
| 8.8 | |
Inflection Point Holdings LLC(3) | |
| 15,088,750 | | |
| 35.9 | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| 15,088,750 | | |
| 6.1 | |
Kingstown Capital Management, LP(2)(3) | |
| 21,626,250 | | |
| 51.5 | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| 21,626,250 | | |
| 8.8 | |
Kingstown Management GP, LLC(2)(3) | |
| 21,626,250 | | |
| 51.5 | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| 21,626,250 | | |
| 8.8 | |
Directors and Executive Officers of Intuitive Machines | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
Stephen Altemus(4)(8) | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| 15,994,866 | | |
| 23.5 | | |
| 15,994,866 | | |
| 19.5 | |
Kamal Ghaffarian(5)(8) | |
| 520,834 | | |
| 1.2 | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| 42,015,518 | | |
| 61.7 | | |
| 42,536,352 | | |
| 51.4 | |
Timothy Crain(6)(8) | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| 10,129,804 | | |
| 14.9 | | |
| 10,129,804 | | |
| 12.3 | |
Erik Sallee(7)(8) | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | |
Michael Blitzer | |
| 21,626,250 | | |
| 51.5 | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| 21,626,250 | | |
| 8.8 | |
Lieutenant General William Liquori | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | |
Robert Masson | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | |
All directors and executive officers as a group (7 individuals) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
(1) Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each of those listed
in the table above is c/o Intuitive Machines, LLC, 3700 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058.
(2) Inflection Point Holdings LLC, is the record
holder of such shares. Kingstown Capital Management, L.P. (“KCM”) is the manager of Inflection Point Holdings LLC and shares
voting and investment discretion with respect to the Inflection Point Ordinary Shares held of record by Inflection Point Holdings LLC.
Kingstown Management GP LLC (“KMGP”) is the general partner of KCM and shares voting and investment discretion with respect
to the Inflection Point Ordinary Shares held of record by Inflection Point Holdings LLC. Michael Blitzer and Guy Shanon are the Managing
Members of KMGP and share voting and investment discretion with respect to the Inflection Point Ordinary Shares held of record by Inflection
Point Holdings LLC. Each of KMGP, KCM, Michael Blitzer and Guy Shanon disclaims any beneficial ownership of the securities held by Inflection
Point Holdings LLC other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest it or he, as applicable, may have therein, directly or indirectly.
The principal business office of Kingstown Capital Management and Kingstown Management GP, LLC is c/o Inflection Point Acquisition Corp.,
34 East 51st Street, 5th Floor, New York, New York 10022.
(3) Inflection Point Holdings LLC and Kingstown
1740 are the record holders of such shares. KCM is the manager of Inflection Point Holdings LLC and the investment manager of Kingstown
1740. KMGP is the general partner of KCM. Kingstown Capital Partners LLC (“KCP”) is the general partner of Kingstown 1740.
Mr. Blitzer and Mr. Shanon are the managing members of KMGP and KCP. KCM, KMGP, KCP, Mr. Blitzer and Mr. Shanon share voting investment
discretion with respect to the securities held by Inflection Point Holdings LLC and Kingstown 1740. Each of KCM, KMGP, KCP, Mr. Blitzer
and Mr. Shanon disclaims beneficial ownership over any securities directly held by Inflection Point Holdings LLC and Kingstown 1740 other
than to the extent of its/his respective pecuniary interest therein, directly or indirectly. Such amounts consist of the (A) the following
securities owned by the Inflection Point Holdings LLC (i) 8,243,750 shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock received in exchange
for the Inflection Point Class A Ordinary Shares issued upon conversion of the Founder Shares, (ii) 6,845,000 shares of Intuitive Machines
Class A Common Stock underlying 6,845,000 Intuitive Machines Warrants and which will be exercisable within 60 days of the Closing Date
and (B) the following securities owned by Kingstown 1740 (i) 2,900,000 shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock, (ii) 1,450,000
shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock underlying Intuitive Machines Warrants and which will be exercisable within 60 days
of the Closing Date, (iii) 1,750,000 shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock issuable upon conversion of 21,000 shares of Series
A Preferred Stock at the initial conversion price that Kingstown 1740 has committed to purchase and which will be convertible within 60
days of the Closing Date (without giving effect to the 9.9% beneficial ownership blocker described in the form of Certificate of Designation)
and (iv) 437,500 shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Preferred Investor Warrants that Kingstown
1740 committed to purchase and which will be convertible within 60 days of the Closing Date (without giving effect to the 9.9% beneficial
ownership blocker described in the form of Preferred Investor Warrant). The principal business office of Inflection Point Holdings LLC
is c/o Inflection Point Acquisition Corp., 34 East 51st Street, 5th Floor, New York, New York 10022.
(4) Reflects 15,994,866 Intuitive Machines OpCo
Common Units and a corresponding number of shares of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock held of record by a revocable trust of which
Mr. Altemus is a trustee and exercises investment discretion.
(5) Consists of (i) 1,954,313 Intuitive Machines
OpCo Common Units and a corresponding number of shares of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock held of record by GM Enterprises, LLC,
(ii) 1,344,496 Intuitive Machines OpCo Common Units and a corresponding number of shares of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock held
of record by Intuitive Machines KG Parent, LLC and (iii) 38,716,709 Intuitive Machines OpCo Common Units and a corresponding number of
shares of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock held of record by Ghaffarian Enterprises, LLC. Dr. Ghaffarian may also be deemed to
beneficially own (i) 416,667 shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock issuable upon conversion of 5,000 shares of Series A Preferred
Stock at the initial conversion price that Ghaffarian Enterprises, LLC committed to purchase and which will be convertible within 60 days
of the Closing Date (without giving effect to the 9.9% beneficial ownership blocker described in the form of Certificate of Designation)
and (ii) 104,167 shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Preferred Investor Warrants that Ghaffarian
Enterprises, LLC has committed to purchase and which will be convertible within 60 days of the Closing Date (without giving effect to
the 9.9% beneficial ownership blocker described in the form of Preferred Investor Warrant). Dr. Kamal Ghaffarian is the sole trustee of
a revocable trust, which is the sole member of each of Ghaffarian Enterprises, LLC, GM Enterprises, LLC and Intuitive Machines KG Parent,
LLC. As a result, Dr. Ghaffarian may be deemed to share beneficial ownership of the securities reported herein, but disclaims beneficial
ownership. The principal business office of Dr. Kamal Ghaffarian is 5937 Sunnyslope Drive, Naples, FL 34119. The principal business office
of each of Ghaffarian Enterprises, LLC, GM Enterprises, LLC and Intuitive Machines KG Parent, LLC is 801 Thompson Avenue, Rockville MD
20852.
(6) Reflects 10,129,804 Intuitive Machines OpCo Common Units and a
corresponding number of shares of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock.
(7) Mr. Sallee may be deemed to beneficially own 55,624 Intuitive Machines
OpCo Common Units and a corresponding number of shares of Intuitive Machines Class B Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of stock
options that vest within 60 days of the Closing Date.
(8) Each Intuitive Machines OpCo Common Unit, when paired with one
share of Intuitive Machines Class B Common Stock or one share of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock, will be exchangeable, in tandem
with the cancellation of the paired share of Intuitive Machines Class B Common Stock or share of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock,
for one share of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock. After the expiration of the Lock-Up Period, holders of Intuitive Machines OpCo
Common Units will be permitted to exchange such Intuitive Machines OpCo Common Units (along with the cancellation of the paired share
of Intuitive Machines Class B Common Stock or share of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock) for shares of Intuitive Machines Class
A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis pursuant to the A&R Operating Agreement (subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for
stock splits, stock dividends and reclassifications) or at the election of Intuitive Machines (determined by a majority of the directors
of Intuitive Machines who are disinterested with respect to such determination), cash from a substantially concurrent public offering
or private sale in an amount equal to the net amount, on a per share basis, of cash received as a result of such public offering or private
sale.
Directors and Executive
Officers
Upon the consummation
of the Transactions, and in accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, each executive officer of IPAX prior to
the consummation of the Transactions ceased serving in such capacities, and Paula Sutter, Guy Shanon, Michael Blitzer, Nicholas
Shekerdemian and Erin Clift ceased serving on IPAX’s board of directors (the “Board”).
On February 13, 2023,
Stephen Altemus, Michael Blitzer, Lieutenant General William Liquori and Robert Masson were appointed as directors of Intuitive
Machines, to serve until the end of their respective terms and until their successors are elected and qualified. Dr. Kamal
Ghaffarian was appointed as Chairman of the Board.
On February 13, 2023,
Stephen Altemus was appointed as Intuitive Machines’ Chief Executive Officer, Erik Sallee was appointed as Intuitive
Machines’ Chief Financial Officer, and Timothy Crain was appointed as Intuitive Machines’ Chief Technology Officer.
Reference is also made
to the disclosure described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Director Election Proposal” and
“Management of New Intuitive Machines Following the Business Combination” for biographical information about each of the
directors and officers, following the Transactions, which is incorporated herein by reference. Additionally, interlocks and insider
participation information regarding Intuitive Machines’ executive officers is described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in
the section titled “Management of Intuitive Machines Following the Business Combination—Compensation Committee
Interlocks and Insider Participation” and that information is incorporated herein by reference.
Director Independence
The
Board has determined that each of Michael Blitzer, Lieutenant General William Liquori, and Robert Masson is deemed to be an
independent director within the meaning of the listing rules of Nasdaq.
Executive & Director
Compensation
The executive and director
compensation of Intuitive Machines’ named executive officers is described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled
“Executive and Director Compensation of Intuitive Machines” and that information is incorporated herein
by reference.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Effective as of immediately
prior to the Closing, the standing committees of the Board consist of an audit committee (the “Audit Committee”), a compensation
committee (the “Compensation Committee”) and a nominating and corporate governance committee (the “Nominating Committee”).
Effective as of immediately prior to the Closing, the Board appointed
Lieutenant General William Liquori, Michael Blitzer, and Robert Masson to serve on the Audit Committee, with Mr. Masson, as the chairperson
and qualifying as an audit committee financial expert, as such term is defined in Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Board appointed
Robert Masson and Michael Blitzer to serve on the Compensation Committee, with Mr. Blitzer as the chairperson, and the Board appointed
Dr. Kamal Ghaffarian and Stephen Altemus to serve on the Nominating Committee, with Stephen Altemus as the chairperson.
Certain Relationships
and Related Party Transactions
Certain relationships and
related party transactions of Intuitive Machines are described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Certain
Relationships and Related Person Transactions” and that information is incorporated herein by reference.
Legal Proceedings
Reference is made to the
disclosure regarding legal proceedings in the section of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus titled “Information About Inflection Point—Legal Proceedings”
and “Information About Intuitive Machines—Legal Proceedings,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
Market Price of and
Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
Shares of Intuitive Machines
Class A Common Stock and Intuitive Machines Warrants began trading on Nasdaq under the symbols “LUNR” and “LUNRW”,
respectively, on February 14, 2023. Intuitive Machines has not paid any cash dividends on its shares of common stock to date. It is
the present intention of the Board to retain all earnings, if any, for use in Intuitive Machines’ business operations and, accordingly,
the Board does not anticipate declaring any dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent
upon Intuitive Machines’ revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements, and general financial condition. The payment of any
cash dividends is within the discretion of the Board. Further, the ability of Intuitive Machines to declare dividends may be limited by
the terms of financing or other agreements entered into by it or its subsidiaries from time to time.
As of February 13, 2023, following the completion of the Transactions,
there were 23,332,500 Intuitive Machines Warrants, 18,070,265 shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock, 10,566 shares of Intuitive
Machines Class B Common Stock and 68,140,188 shares of Intuitive Machines Class C Common Stock outstanding. Intuitive Machines has reserved
a total of 12,706,811 shares of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock for issuance pursuant to the Intuitive Machines Incentive Plan
(as defined below), subject to certain adjustments set forth therein. However, because many of the shares of Intuitive Machines Class
A Common Stock and Intuitive Machines Warrants are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, Intuitive Machines
believes there are substantially more beneficial holders of Intuitive Machines Class A Common Stock and Intuitive Machines Warrants than
record holders.
Information respecting Intuitive
Machines securities are described in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Market Price and Dividend Information” and “Description of New Intuitive Machine’ Securities” and such information is incorporated
herein by reference.
Recent Sales of Unregistered
Securities
The information set forth under Item 3.02 of this
Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated herein by reference.
Description of Registrant’s
Securities to Be Registered
The description of Intuitive
Machines’ securities is contained in the Proxy Statement/Prospectus in the section titled “Description of New Intuitive Machines
Securities” and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information set forth under Item 1.01 of this
Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated herein by reference.
Indemnification of Directors and Officers
The information set forth under Item 1.01 of this
Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated herein by reference.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The information set forth
under Item 9.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated herein by reference.
Changes in and Disagreements
with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.