CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENCE
There have been no transactions, since January 1, 2022, to which we have been a party, in which the amount involved exceeds or will exceed $120,000 and in which any of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of our capital stock, or immediate family member thereof, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.
Policies and Procedures for Related Transactions
We have not yet adopted a formal policy for the review, approval or ratification of related party transactions. Accordingly, the transactions discussed above were not reviewed, approved or ratified in accordance with any such policy.
We have adopted a code of business conduct and ethics requiring us to avoid, wherever possible, all conflicts of interests, except under guidelines or resolutions approved by our Board (or the appropriate committee of our Board) or as disclosed in our public filings with the SEC. Under our code of ethics, conflict of interest situations includes any financial transaction, arrangement or relationship (including any indebtedness or guarantee of indebtedness) involving the Company.
In addition, our audit committee, pursuant to a written charter, is responsible for reviewing and approving related party transactions to the extent that we enter into such transactions. An affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the audit committee present at a meeting at which a quorum is present is required in order to approve a related party transaction. A majority of the members of the entire audit committee will constitute a quorum. Without a meeting, the unanimous written consent of all of the members of the audit committee is required to approve a related party transaction. We also require each of our directors and executive officers to complete a directors’ and officers’ questionnaire that elicits information about related party transactions.
These procedures are intended to determine whether any such related party transaction impairs the independence of a director or presents a conflict of interest on the part of a director, employee or officer.
Employee, Officer and Director Hedging
We maintain a policy on insider trading that applies to all shares of our capital stock held by any director, officer or employee. The policy requires that all directors, officers and employees receive our pre-clearance before engaging in any transactions involving our shares of capital stock and prohibits all directors, officers or employees from taking part in any hedging transactions.
Piggyback Registration Rights
We have granted certain parties piggyback registration rights under a certain investors’ rights agreement, dated as of August 22, 2014, by and among us and certain investors, a certain Series A preferred stock subscription agreement, a certain registration rights agreement, dated as of November 28, 2021, by and among us and the selling stockholders in connection with our private placement offering in December 2021 (the “PIPE Stockholders”), and a certain underwriting agreement, dated June 16, 2021, by and between us and ThinkEquity, a division of Fordham Financial Management, Inc., subject to certain requirements and customary conditions. There is currently an effective registration statement registering the shares of common stock held by the PIPE Stockholders, if any.
Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Provisions of our bylaws could make it more difficult to acquire us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest, open market purchases, removal of incumbent directors and otherwise. These provisions, which are summarized below, are expected to discourage types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with us. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or