KBNT Kubient Inc

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

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For the transition period from                     to                    

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Commission file number 001-39441

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Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ☐   No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.  Yes ☐   No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ⌧     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ⌧    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing price of common stock on June 30, 2022 of $0.66 per share, was approximately $6,458,710 shares of voting stock held by each executive officer, director and 10% stockholders have been excluded from this calculation. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

As of March 28, 2023, there were 14,515,940 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

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USE OF MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes market and industry data that we have obtained from third-party sources, including industry publications, as well as industry data prepared by our management on the basis of its knowledge of and experience in the industries in which we operate (including our management’s estimates and assumptions relating to such industries based on that knowledge). Management has developed its knowledge of such industries through its experience and participation in these industries. While our management believes the third-party sources referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are reliable, neither we nor our management have independently verified any of the data from such sources referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or ascertained the underlying economic assumptions relied upon by such sources. Furthermore, internally prepared and third-party market prospective information, in particular, are estimates only and there will usually be differences between the prospective and actual results, because events and circumstances frequently do not occur as expected, and those differences may be material. Also, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to any publications, reports, surveys or articles prepared by third parties should not be construed as depicting the complete findings of the entire publication, report, survey or article. The information in any such publication, report, survey or article is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES AND SERVICE MARKS

“Kubient” and other trademarks or service marks of Kubient, Inc. appearing in this registration statement are the property of Kubient, Inc. The other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are referred to without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references should not be construed as any indicator that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto.

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OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION

Unless the context otherwise indicates, when used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the terms “Kubient” “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” and similar terms refer to Kubient, Inc., a Delaware corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Fidelity Media, LLC.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. All statements of historical fact included in this report regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current beliefs, based on currently available information, as to the outcome and timing of future events. Forward-looking statements contained in this report include, but are not limited to, statements about:

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We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this report.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this report primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described elsewhere in this report. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this report. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

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GLOSSARY

“Ad network” means an intermediary network or company that acts as a broker between advertisers who want to purchase ad placements and content publishers who want to host the advertiser’s ads. Examples of advertisers are consumer good companies, multimedia companies and automobile manufacturers. Publishers in the context are website operators or app developers.

“Audience Marketplace” means the modular, highly scalable, transparent, cloud-based software platform created by the Company for real-time trading of digital, Programmatic Advertising.

“Bot” or “internet bot” means an autonomous program (or robot) running on a network (usually, the internet) that can interact with computer systems or users. Typically, Bots perform tasks that are both simple and structurally repetitive, at a much higher rate than would be possible for a human alone. According to Imperva, more than half of all web traffic is fraudulent, as it is made up of Bots rather than actual human beings.

“Brand” means a particular name used to identify a type of product or products manufactured by a particular company.

“Demand Side Platform” or “DSP” means a system that allows buyers of digital advertising space (i.e., advertisers) to manage multiple ad exchange and data exchange accounts through one interface.

“Full stack” means computer engineering that encompasses databases, servers, systems engineering, and clients, across mobile applications, web-based applications and native applications.

“Latency” means the lag time between a customer click on an internet link and the conversion of that customer to a sale. The term can also refer to the lag time between ad inventory’s purchase and its display on publisher’s media.

“Omni-channel marketing” means marketing that is intended to reach target consumers across all advertising channels — mobile, video, desktop, and more — within the context of how the specific customer has interacted with a brand (for example, those first seeing an ad about a brand they have never experienced will receive a different message from those who have engaged with that brand a number of times).

“Programmatic advertising” means the purchase of advertising space meant to target audiences using software and tools that help agencies and brands target, deliver, and analyze their digital advertising efforts., rather than the traditional method of purchasing time slots in mass media, such as television programming.

“Pre-bid” means the bid placed by an advertiser for placement of its ad, verified prior to such ad being run or displayed.

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“Post-bid” means the verification of the running or display of an ad, after such running or display has occurred.

“Publisher” means a source of ad inventory, such as website owners, website operators or app developers. Publishers are generally either managed or owned and operated. An owned and operated publisher receives 100% of the profit for impressions sold. This is opposed to a managed publisher: a publisher that does not own its inventory but has a financial relationship with those who do.

“Supply Side Platform” or “SSP” means a platform that enables Publishers to access advertiser demand from a variety of networks, exchanges, and platforms via one interface.

“300-millisecond window” means the window of time adopted by the digital advertising industry in which a website or app has to load the content on their website and auction off the advertising space on their web property.

“Volume” means the concept buying large scale amounts of media in hopes of reaching a specific, smaller audience that lives within that larger pool.

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KAI

On December 6, 2022, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) approved our application and issued US Patent No 11,521,231 for our proprietary ad fraud identification and prevention technology, KAI. The patent provides intellectual property protection for KAI from now until 2040. Just two months after this issuance, in the first quarter of 2023, we announced the release of KAI 2.0. The revamped solution now comes with improvements for the entire suite of KAI functionalities, including:

These enhanced capabilities of our proprietary solution feature benefits for our publisher and advertiser clients. Looking ahead, we expect to continue upgrading KAI to add value-added features for our clients.

COVID-19 and Other Macroeconomic Factors

The worldwide spread of COVID-19, including the emergence of variants and subvariants, as well as rising interest rates, inflation, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and geopolitical developments (including the war in Ukraine) have resulted, and may continue to result, in a global slowdown of economic activity, which may decrease demand for a broad variety of goods and services, including those provided by our clients, while also disrupting supply channels, sales channels and advertising and marketing activities for an unknown period of time until economic activity normalizes. As a result of the current uncertainty in economic activity, we are unable to predict the size and duration of the impact on our revenue and our results of operations. The extent of the impact of these macroeconomic factors on our operational and financial performance will depend on a variety of factors, including the duration and spread of COVID-19 and its variants and the duration and the extent of geopolitical disruption and their respective impacts on our clients, partners, industry, and employees, all of which are uncertain at this time and cannot be accurately predicted. For example, many of our employees adopted a hybrid work schedule consisting of both in-person work and working from home. Additionally, we began to decrease the use of our physical office spaces in order to conserve our capital for other post-COVID business development initiatives. We continue to monitor the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and take steps deemed appropriate to limit the impact on our business.

Silicon Valley Bank

On March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) was appointed as receiver. Thus, on March 17, 2023, we moved the majority of our funds on deposit at SVB to other banks, with the intention to move the remainder of our funds on deposit at SVB once we have transitioned all accounting and payroll functions connected to our account at SVB to accounts at other banks, such as our depository account at JP Morgan Chase. While we do not anticipate any losses, liquidity issues, or capital resource constraints arising as a result of the winding down of our accounts at SVB, we cannot predict at this time to what extent our or our collaborators, employees, suppliers, and/or vendors could be negatively impacted by the closure of SVB and other macroeconomic and geopolitical events.

Similarly, the economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has made and may continue to make it difficult for us to forecast revenue and operating results and to make decisions regarding operational cost structures and investments. We have committed, and we plan to continue to commit, resources to grow our business, employee base, and technology development, and such investments may not yield anticipated returns, particularly if worldwide business activity continues to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The duration and extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic depend on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, and if we are not able to respond to and manage the impact of such events effectively, our business may be harmed.

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There can be no assurance that precautionary measures, whether adopted by us or imposed by others, will be effective, and such measures could negatively affect our sales, marketing, and client service efforts, delay and lengthen our sales cycles, decrease our employees’, clients’, or partners’ productivity, or create operational or other challenges, any of which could harm our business and results of operations.

What We Do: Audience-Based Marketing on Our Full Stack Platform

Our Audience Marketplace’s platform enables advertisers and publishers to transact directly between each other on an open, end to end real-time bidding platform for programmatic digital advertising. The advertising inventory on our platform is available in any channel: desktop, mobile, digital out-of-home, and connected devices; and in any format: video, display, audio, and native. Indeed, we believe our single, fully integrated audience platform provides a comprehensive, fraud-minimized, transparent, independent advertising marketplace that facilitates intelligent decision-making, and automated transaction execution for the programmatic advertising industry. We optimize the liquidity and effectiveness of the advertising supply chain, increasing revenue for publishers and improving return on investment for advertisers.

Our platform offers a machine learning-powered fraud prevention solution, extremely low latency times and an audience management platform which provides omni-channel access into all advertising channels, inventory and ad formats. Thanks to our management and development teams’ deep experience with artificial intelligence applications, our platform is constantly self-optimizing, using our software’s ability to analyze and learn from vast volumes of data. We are confident that the additional data we obtain from the volume of transactions on our platform helps to make our machine-learning algorithms more intelligent over time.

Advertising is sometimes defined as the transfer of a message from one party to another for the purpose of education, motivation or suggestion. Advertisers who pay to send a message, should be confident that it arrives to the individual it was intended for and delivers its expected outcome. Our solution consistently ensures this is the case, by verifying each and every message and intended audience. As a result, we believe that we process, analyze and connect billions of audience participants and devices faster and more efficiently than the industry standard.

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Digital Advertising Fraud Solution: Machine Learning Combined with Artificial Intelligence

Thanks to advances in technology, the advertising inventory that is bought and sold in these real time auctions during the bid stream is customized to each individual viewer. This viewer customization is often called programmatic advertising, a new form of advertising where advertisers are able to specifically target their preferred audiences and demographics (rather than placing ads in generic public forums such as billboards or during live events, in hopes that the coveted audience or demographic sees the ad). According to eMarketer, digital advertising is one of the fastest growing sectors in the advertising industry, which is expected to reach $835.82 billion by 2026; rising from $567.49 billion in 2022. Digital programmatic advertising’s reach includes channels such as online, mobile browsing, in-app, text messages, “out of home” video advertising (in locations such as gas stations and airports) and digital or internet television services. The explosive growth of programmatic digital advertising has created unique challenges for advertisers and publishers that want to connect and engage their audiences. One of the primary challenges facing the digital advertising industry is that, like the meteoric growth of digital advertising itself, fraud is also growing rapidly. Despite attempts by advertisers and publishers to prevent fraud and conduct quality assurance checks, Juniper Research estimates that the losses experienced by advertisers will be increased to $113 billion by 2026. Additionally, programmatic advertising was seen by the majority of industry professionals as the overwhelming medium at highest risk of compromise to fraud. In a market of spent advertising dollars projected to increase almost 38% from 2022-2026, the total addressable market for properly servicing ad fraud is ripe for the picking.

Digital advertising fraud occurs when an ad is displayed to a fake website or Bot in an effort to falsely inflate web traffic numbers, rather than being displayed to a legitimate web site to be viewed by a human being. An advertiser that pays for an ad that is displayed to a Bot has wasted the budget spent for the placement of that ad, as it is human beings that might spend money on the product or service being advertised, as opposed to a Bot. Thus, brands and advertisers that cannot prevent their ads being shown to Bots become victims to the billions of dollars lost to ad fraud annually, as calculated by Juniper Research and Forrester Consulting.

We believe that digital advertising fraud is further exacerbated by the fact that our industry is increasingly fragmented. The most popular solutions that have emerged in the marketplace for selling digital advertising are not connected to the solutions used by industry participants for purchases of digital advertising. In other words, advertisers use DSPs to purchase digital advertising, whereas publishers use completely different platforms called SSPs to sell advertising space to those advertisers. Therefore, advertisers may not know who is selling them advertising inventory, and publishers may not know who is purchasing such inventory. With the two sides of any auction not connected, and likely not communicating with each other across different platforms, it is difficult to assign responsibility to tracking down fraud after an ad sale has already occurred. We have created a marketplace where advertisers and publishers can interact directly. This layer of direct transparency allows advertisers to more efficiently identify ad fraud, and to ensure that they are only buying advertising space that delivers the expected value of a particular campaign. Furthermore, fraud prevention is also fragmented as a result of advertisers and publishers using different platforms to conduct digital advertising auctions. Indeed, many DSPs and SSPs do not even have built-in fraud prevention solutions, instead relying on third parties to identify ad fraud after an ad is displayed. Our internally-developed fraud prevention solution is native to our platform and detects fraud before the digital advertising auction is concluded.

As a result of the fragmented, complex and inefficient infrastructure currently in use for programmatic advertising, fraud is rampant in the digital advertising marketplace. Bad actors’ use of fake websites and Bots to sell advertising space costs advertisers billions of dollars a year. A large part of the reason that widespread fraud runs rampant in the digital advertising industry is that current machine learning and fraud prevention solutions in our industry can only identify such fraud after an ad purchase has already occurred. We believe it is much harder to stop fraud when trying to catch perpetrators after the fraud has already occurred because the fraudsters have the ability to completely change the fingerprint of the Bot, which allows it to reenter the ecosystem and commit fraud again.

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We believe it is more effective to stop fraud before it occurs than trying to catch perpetrators after the fraud has already occurred. Thus, we have developed what we believe to be the first machine learning technology that can detect fraud within the 300-millisecond window known as the “bid stream” prior to ad purchases. Our platform’s fraud detection solution, KAI is our patent-pending proprietary technology that uses artificial intelligence to analyze live advertising bid stream data to detect potential ad fraud, a major issue within the digital advertising ecosystem. KAI’s proprietary technology allows all advertisers to make better-informed, real-time decisions within this brief window of time by identifying potentially fraudulent activity in real-time. KAI is trained using different statistical and machine learning algorithms and is capable of detecting various types of fraud, including user fraud, device fraud, content fraud and heuristic fraud. KAI analyzes 100% of real-time programmatic data and industry-specific information to determine patterns and data points consistent with fraudulent activity, helping advertisers maximize return on ad spend and protecting publishers. KAI is fully integrated into Kubient’s Audience Marketplace, or alternatively, can be deployed as a standalone application or enterprise solution on third-party real-time bidding platforms.

Latency Solution: Machine Learning

We believe that our platform allows us to process digital advertising auctions faster than the competition. Faster auctions ensure that ad campaigns create more impressions that are seen by consumers, as consumers are less likely to become frustrated by slowly loading websites or apps (which normally results in consumers leaving such websites or apps before the ad is displayed).

To substantially reduce and minimize latency issues across our fully integrated open marketplace, we use a highly specialized programming language originally designed to be used in extremely fast (but highly dependable) digital telephone communications switches, as well as quant-based speed trading of securities on Wall Street. In addition, our platform’s proprietary machine-learning algorithms, sophisticated data processing, high volume storage, detailed analytics capabilities, and a distributed infrastructure that supercharges our bidding process and helps our customers place, and win, more bids for advertising space. We believe we are transforming the digital advertising industry by analyzing billions of data points in record real time speed to enable our solution to make complex decisions in milliseconds, and to execute over 1 million queries per second, billions of transactions per week and trillions of bid requests per month.

Additional Platform Functionalities

Not only do we believe our platform works faster, more efficiently and more safely in terms of fraud than our competition, we also believe that it provides added functionality over our competitors, such as real time reporting of ad sales, and an open audience marketplace which enables publishers, including websites, mobile applications, video and other digital media properties, to connect their advertising inventory more efficiently and effectively to buyers across the entire advertising ecosystem, including brands, DSPs, ad networks and advertising agencies.

In addition, our platform’s functionality allows us to quickly adapt to emerging media channels that might have been previously overlooked by the digital marketing ecosystem. For example, outdoor advertising, often referred to as out of home media, such as billboards, bus-stop shelters, public elevators, airport monitors and gas station pump placards, has not traditionally been connected to digital advertising sources. However, these traditional forms of out of home media are increasingly being converted to digital signage. Unlike their traditional out of home counterparts, these updated digital signs, often referred to as digital out of home (“DOOH”) media, can display programmatic advertising, such that all of the advantages of our Audience Marketplace can be applied to this rapidly proliferating media channel. By allowing brands, DSPs, ad networks, advertising agencies and brands to bid on DOOH publishers’ inventory in real-time, just as if DOOH screens were video screens on a desktop computer or mobile device, our Audience Marketplace will allow advertisers to scale campaigns across new and thriving media channels, thereby maximizing inventory fill rates and increasing the audiences that advertisers may target by digital means.

Kubient Managed Services (KMS)

The Company has embraced platforms, tools and a culture that’s designed to help clients achieve their required outcomes. We remain focused on differentiating by helping advertisers achieve tangible, quantifiable outcomes such as heightened brand awareness and increased sales. As such, the Company believes that its KMS offering will be able to benefit advertisers by providing: (i) better audience and performance insight, campaign control, transparency, and execution (ii) expert staff with varied, relevant backgrounds to assist advertisers, and (iii) access to quality tools and platforms for advertisement placement with an emphasis on return on media investment.

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Additional Platform Functionalities

Not only do we believe our platform works faster, more efficiently and more safely in terms of fraud than our competition, we also believe that it provides added functionality over our competitors, such as real time reporting of ad sales, and an open audience marketplace which enables publishers, including websites, mobile applications, video and other digital media properties, to connect their advertising inventory more efficiently and effectively to buyers across the entire advertising ecosystem, including brands, DSPs, ad networks and advertising agencies.

Intellectual Property

We previously filed two utility patent applications. The first patent application relates to our inventory and decision management system that allows DOOH media buying agencies to purchase ads on our programmatic and real-time-bidding marketplace. This application is currently pending before the US Patent Office. The second patent application relates to our KAI real time, digital advertising fraud prevention solution. This application was approved by the US Patent Office and issued on December 6, 2022, as US Patent No 11,521,231. Since the issuance of our first fraud prevention patent, we have filed a continuation application, which covers advances in our fraud prevention technology since the filing of our first application. This continuation application is currently pending before the US Patent Office.

Customers and Revenue

We provide our customers with a platform to connect advertisers and publishers. Generally, our revenue generation process begins with publishers. When a publisher aims to fill the available advertising space on its website or app, we typically enter into a twelve-month master service agreement allowing the publisher to sell advertising inventory through our platform. Once the publisher executes our master service agreement and is accepted onto our platform, the publisher is allowed to electronically communicate with our platform through its ad server, in order to provide us information about the publisher’s advertising inventory, user base, minimum sale prices and other data signals, as applicable. We also enter into master service agreements to allow third-party exchanges that aggregate publishers’ available advertising inventory to sell such inventory on our platform. We earn a mark-up, which is the spread between what we collect from advertisers and what we remit to publishers. We only pay for inventory when an advertiser is connected to a publisher and an impression is successfully delivered. We sometimes refer to the amount we pay publishers for inventory upon the delivery of an impression as “cost pay.” As described further below, cost pay is generally lower than what advertisers ultimately spend to have their ad impression delivered on a publisher’s website or app.

We also typically enter into twelve-month master service agreements with advertisers that wish to purchase advertising inventory, either on our platform or through their DSP. Our proprietary algorithms use the industry information available (from advertisers, publishers, third parties and our own internal database) to automatically target and bid on publishers’ inventory to meet an advertiser’s campaign objective. We generate revenue from advertisers by charging them fees on a sliding scale based on a percentage of their spend on advertising purchased through our platform, the total of which we sometimes refer to as “gross spend.”

Thanks to the speed of our platform, the matching of publisher and advertiser occurs in fractions of a second, within the short time frame of the bidstream. We recognize revenue upon the completion of each matching transaction, at the moment when an impression has been delivered to the consumer viewing a website or application. We generally bill and collect the full purchase price of impressions from advertisers, unless the advertiser pays through its DSP, in which case the DSP is the entity that pays our fees. In either case, our gross revenue from each impression is equal to gross spend minus cost pay.

We consider our customers to be those that generate revenue during the period and is a mix of direct publishers, third-party exchanges that aggregate both publishers’ available advertising inventory and advertising budgets, along with direct advertisers and advertising agencies. Further, the Company’s definition of “customer” encompasses advertisers that purchased even a single impression on the Company’s platform during the period, not just advertisers that signed a twelve-month master service agreement.

We believe that growth of the programmatic advertising market is important for our ability to continually grow our business. Adoption of programmatic advertising by advertisers allows us to acquire new customers and grow revenue from existing customers. We also believe that current industry trends will lead more advertisers to seek out a better fraud prevention solution to protect their advertising budgets, such as the one offered on our platform.

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Similarly, we believe that the adoption of programmatic advertising by unique advertising inventory owners, such as digital out of home content providers for which we have developed a unique solution, will allow us to expand the volume and type of advertising inventory that we present to advertisers using our platform.

KAI

On December 6, 2022, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) approved our application and issued US Patent No 11,521,231 for our proprietary ad fraud identification and prevention technology, KAI. The patent provides intellectual property protection for KAI from now until 2040. Just two months after this issuance, in the first quarter of 2023, we announced the release of KAI 2.0. The revamped solution now comes with improvements for the entire suite of KAI functionalities, including:

These enhanced capabilities of our proprietary solution feature benefits for our publisher and advertiser clients. Looking ahead, we expect to continue upgrading KAI to add value-added features for our clients.

Growth Strategy

The key elements of our long-term growth strategy are as follows:

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Industry Overview

Most consumers are unaware that when they browse a webpage, watch a video on the internet, use a mobile app or watch an internet-connected TV, there is often a behind-the-scenes auction for the purchase and sale of digital advertising space as the consumer’s desired content loads. In such auctions, advertisers (i.e., ad space buyers, such as sporting goods or consumer products manufacturers) purchase advertising space from publishers (i.e., ad space sellers, such as mobile app developers or website operators). Advertisers bid on each impression and if the bid is won, the ad is displayed on the publisher’s website or app being viewed by the consumer.

As the technology behind these auctions began to develop, traditional methods of digital advertising were used, where manual negotiations conducted by human brokers played a vital role in deciding the prices of digital advertising inventory to be bought and sold. Similarly, human brokers sought to place ad inventory in the digital equivalents of traditional public forums such as billboard-like banner ads or during digitally-broadcast sporting events, in hopes that the largest audience possible might see an ad.

However, in recent years, the technology behind these auctions has changed dramatically. Now, “real time bidding” has become an automated process that enables the buying and selling of individual impressions for each digital ad in milliseconds. In the blink of an eye, real time digital auctions determine what ad will display, where the ad will be displayed and what price the advertiser has to pay to the publisher for displaying the ad. The real time auction process is currently in the process of completely replacing the role of a human broker, by automating the buying and selling of ad space in a 300 millisecond window called the “bid stream.”

Another significant challenge facing participants in the digital marketing industry is the problem of latency, or loading wait times. Existing participants in the digital advertising marketplace have invested billions of dollars in large and cumbersome system infrastructures that are costly and slow by today’s standards. Their outdated infrastructure has caused hundreds of companies to provide a patchwork of solutions to address the slow and costly nature of the current digital advertising infrastructure that we believe are ineffective when compared with our solution. As a result of this patchwork of solutions, we believe the digital advertising marketplace has become complex and inefficient, with relatively long delays before an ad is displayed becoming commonplace. These delays often result in a user leaving a website or smartphone app before the advertiser’s content loads. If the user does not view the ad which the advertiser paid to place on the publisher’s website or app, then the advertiser has wasted the budget spent for the placement of that ad.

The problem of ineffective digital advertising has created large-scale lost revenue in our industry. Given that ROI is generally the main driver of digital advertising decision making, the inability to calculate it correctly, or at all, will continue to perpetuate the ineffective digital advertising environment. To combat the large-scale loss in advertising dollars spent, the landscape of marketing from the perspective of metric-based analysis has evolved. In their 2022 “The State of Marketing” report, Salesforce states that marketers are embracing more sophisticated metrics to cater to various KPI standards. The following metrics are the most tracked by marketing organizations: revenue, customer satisfaction analytics, web/mobile analytics, customer acquisition costs, marketing/sales funnel performance, content engagement, customer retention rates, customer referral rates/volume, and customer lifetime value. While all of these marketing KPIs saw an increase across the board, web/mobile analytics, customer acquisition costs, and customer satisfaction analytics saw the biggest year-over-year jumps in adoption. Additionally, a related study called “State of the Connected Customer” published by Salesforce explained that “from here on out, customer engagement is digital-first” with customers estimated to have spent 56% of online interactions with companies in 2020 and an increase to 60% of online interactions with companies in 2021. The report also shows that the younger generations of Millennials and Gen Zers to be more inclined to engage companies through digital channels. The increasing need for effective advertising spend has seemingly illuminated the increasing need by both publishers and advertisers to cut fraudulent advertising engagement significantly.

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Competition

We derive our revenue from the digital advertising market, which is rapidly evolving, highly competitive, complex and fragmented. We currently compete for advertising spend with large, well-established companies as well as smaller, privately-held companies. Some of our larger competitors with more resources may be better positioned to execute on advertising campaigns conducted over multiple channels such as social media, mobile and video, yet we provide unique channels not found in the digital advertising market typically, such as the true programmatic DOOH auctions we perform. We believe that this, coupled with our other capabilities, will allow us to keep step with the larger competitors in the short term and surpass them in the long term.

While the majority of the market is dominated by two companies, Facebook and Google, we do not consider them to be our competitors. Our growth is focused in the rest of the available market and there are many companies who compete with us for that share. The Trade Desk is one of our fastest growing competitors for brand and advertiser budgets with a solid foundation and strong cash flow and client base. Their product known as a Demand Side Platform competes with our own Demand Side Platform however, we believe our platform has key advantages, such as built-in proprietary fraud prevention, direct publisher connections, a Supply Side Platform and a centralized auction hub. These advantages, in our opinion, provide us with more leverage when approaching advertisers and requesting budget. There are other platforms and exchanges that can be considered a competitor to one or more of our products as well.

A majority of our competitors are significantly larger than we are and have more capital to invest in their businesses however they operate on technology we consider to be outdated and inferior to our newer more agile technology. Competitors could also seek to gain market share by reducing the prices they charge to advertisers, introducing products and solutions that are similar to ours or introducing new technology tools for advertisers and digital media properties, yet the failure of these competitors to offer transparency on pricing as we do is likely to reduce or negate such impact. Moreover, increased competition for video advertising inventory from digital media properties could result in an increase in the portion of advertiser revenue that we must pay to digital media property owners to acquire that advertising inventory which is beneficial to us as our technology offers a more efficient auction thus allowing us to reduce cost for advertisers and increase revenue for publishers.

Some large advertising agencies that represent advertising customers have their own relationships with digital media properties and can directly connect advertisers with digital media properties. Our business will suffer to the extent that our advertisers and digital media properties purchase and sell advertising inventory directly from one another or through other companies that act as intermediaries between advertisers and digital media properties. Other companies that offer analytics, mediation, ad exchange or other third-party solutions have or may become intermediaries between advertisers and digital media properties and thereby compete with us. Any of these developments would make it more difficult for us to sell our solutions and could result in increased pricing pressure, reduced profit margins, increased sales and marketing expenses or the loss of market share.

Other companies that offer analytics, mediation, ad exchange or other third-party solutions have or may become intermediaries between advertisers and digital media properties and thereby compete with us. Despite this, we believe that they do not offer a full software suite like us, as such, the long-term effect of any interruption caused by such companies will be limited.

Our fraud prevention solution competes with the small landscape of other fraud prevention companies such as Human, Double Verify and Integral Ad Science. However, we believe that our product is the only product in this space that has patent pending technology allowing it to perform instream prevention as opposed to the landscapes standard.

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Sales and Marketing

Given our self-serve business model, we focus on supporting, advising and training our customers to use our platform independently as soon as they are ready to transact. There is an element of education about our platform that requires us to invest in sales and marketing programs and personnel to grow our business. We focus our efforts to build this awareness through trade shows and sponsored events.

The addition of the KMS offering has augmented our sales and marketing capabilities by adding assigned account managers, real time dashboard monitoring, performance analysis, as well as quarterly client reviews, ensuring that our advertising clients using the Audience Marketplace have all logistics running smoothly and that any assistance they need would be there in an instant.

As of March 28, 2023, our sales and marketing team consisted of 5 employees. The team employs a consultative approach to both new and existing customers. Once a new customer has access to our platform, they work closely with our customer service teams as they onboard the new customer and provide continuous support throughout the early campaigns. Typically, once a customer has gained some initial experience, it will move to a fully self-serve model and request support as needed.

Seasonality

Our cash flows from operations vary from quarter to quarter due to the seasonal nature of advertiser spending. For example, many advertisers devote a disproportionate amount of their advertising budgets to the fourth quarter of the calendar year to coincide with increased holiday purchasing. Indeed, in digital advertising, seasonal downswings typically occur at the start in January (the beginning of the calendar year) and October (the beginning of the fiscal year for many companies). Upswings occur in December (the end of the calendar year) and September (the end of the fiscal year for many companies). This is due to the timing of when budgets are negotiated and distributed. Other swings occur around holidays, and other large consumer focused events such as Black Friday and Cyber Monday.

Platform Development

Part of our dedication to innovation means that we are constantly improving our platform, with new features and products being routinely released. We empower our development teams by encouraging them to release updated features and increase functionality fast and often. As a company, we are always exploring new and better ways to continuously improve the performance of our technology. Our development teams are intentionally lean and nimble in nature, providing for transparency and accountability.

Privacy and Data Protection Regulation

Privacy and data protection legislation and regulation play a significant role in our business. We and our customers use data about Internet users collected through our platform to manage and execute digital advertising campaigns in a variety of ways, including delivering advertisements to Internet users based on their particular geographic locations, the type of device they are using, or their interests as inferred from their web browsing or app usage activities. We do not use this data to identify specific individuals, and we do not seek to associate this data with information that can be used to identify specific individuals. We take steps not to collect or store personally identifiable information, or personal data. The definitions of personally identifiable information and personal data, however, vary by jurisdiction and are evolving. As a result, our platform and business practices must be assessed regularly in each jurisdiction where we do business to avoid violating applicable legislation and regulation.

In the United States, a complex patchwork quilt of both state and federal legislation governs activities such as the collection and use of data by companies like us. Digital advertising in the United States has, up until very recently, primarily been subject to regulation by the Federal Trade Commission, or the FTC, which has primarily relied upon Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, which prohibits companies from engaging in “unfair” or “deceptive” trade practices, including alleged violations of representations concerning privacy protections and acts that allegedly violate individuals’ privacy interests. The FTC has commenced the examination of privacy issues that arise when marketers track consumers across multiple devices, otherwise known as cross-device tracking.

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The United States legal landscape concerning data and privacy continues to evolve at a rapid, and sometimes unpredictable pace. Domestic laws in this area are also complex and developing rapidly. Many state legislatures have adopted legislation that regulates how online business handle data. California recently enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which took effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA gives California residents expanded rights to access and delete their personal information, opt out of certain personal information sharing, and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. On January 1, 2023, the CCPA was amended by the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CPRA”). The CPRA expands upon and enhances the provisions of the CCPA. Further, the CPRA establishes its own enforcement body. The CCPA/CPRA may increase our compliance costs and potential liability. Similar privacy legislation in the vein of the CCPA has been proposed in a number of states. Indeed, Virginia, Colorado, Utah, and Connecticut have also enacted similar statutes; the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (“VCDPA”), the Colorado Privacy Act (“CPA”), the Utah Consumer Privacy Act (“UCPA”), and Connecticut’s CTDPA. In addition, a dozen other states have data privacy bills either introduced or in committee, with the expectation that they will be enacted in coming years, further complicating the compliance landscape. In the wake of the enactment of the foregoing statutes, operationally, the impact of compliance has immediate effect. To be sure, all the statues require certain access and consent rights be extended to internet users. Therefore, compliance would necessarily involve an additional layer of infrastructure to accommodate such right.

Because our platform reaches users throughout the world, including Europe, Australia and Asia, some of our activities may also be subject to foreign legislation. Internationally, virtually every jurisdiction in which we operate has established its own data security and privacy legal framework with which we or our customers must comply, including but not limited to the European Union. The European Union has adopted what is known as one of the most robust and comprehensive data protection regulations in the world - the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). The GDPR and contains numerous requirements and obligations on data processors and comprehensive documentation requirements for data protection, processing, and compliance programs. In addition, the GDPR promulgates data subject rights for EU citizens, which provides increased control for EU citizens. Specifically, EU citizens posses rights of access, corrections, deletion, and portability. These rights translate into increased operational costs to companies who have to take steps to operationalize these rights in order to comply and meet any request. Non-compliance risks substantial fines. Under the GDPR, fines of up to 20 million euros or up to 4% of the annual global revenue of the noncompliant company, whichever is greater, could be imposed for violations of certain of the GDPR’s requirements. In additional the GDPR, the European Union is currently in the process of replacing the current ePrivacy directive with the ePrivacy Regulation, which contains enhanced protections and regulations concerning the use of electronic communications services, including in connection with online tracking technologies.

Accordingly, once the ePrivacy Regulation is enacted, the compliance landscape will only become more challenging. Certainly, an increase in operational costs and risk will arise to the extent we continue to do business in the European market. In particular, risks associated with non-compliance proceedings from governmental agencies, as well as limitations on our ability to attract and retain European customers.

Brazil and China have also established data protection statutory frameworks as well.

The interpretation and application of many privacy and data protection laws along with contractually imposed industry standards are simply not predictable in light of the nascent nature of the data privacy legal landscape. These laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing data handling practices or how our products and platform capabilities operate. The possibility of fines, lawsuits, and other claims and penalties may necessitate a change in our business activities and practices or modify our products and platform capabilities, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

In prior years, some government regulators and privacy advocates advocated vigorously for a Do Not Track standard that would allow Internet users to express a preference, independent of cookie settings in their browsers, not to have their online browsing activities tracked. In 2010, the FTC issued a staff report emphasizing the need for simplified notice, choice and transparency to the consumer regarding the collection, use and sharing of data, and suggested implementing a Do Not Track browser setting that would allow consumers to choose whether or not to allow tracking of their online browsing activities. All major Internet browsers have implemented some version of a Do Not Track setting. However, there is no commonly accepted definition of “tracking,” no consensus regarding what message is conveyed by a Do Not Track setting and no industry standards regarding how to respond to a Do Not Track preference.

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Our Employees and Culture

As of March 28, 2023, we had 16 full time employees, and 0 consultants. None of our employees are represented by a union or parties to a collective bargaining agreement. We believe our employee relations to be good.

Corporate Information

Our mailing address is 500 7th Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10018. Our telephone number is (800) 409-9456.

Available Information

Our website, www.Kubient.com, provides access, without charge, to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information provided on our website is not part of this Annual Report and is therefore not incorporated by reference unless such information is otherwise specifically referenced elsewhere in this Annual Report. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding our company that we file electronically with the SEC.

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Smaller Reporting Company

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). For as long as we are an emerging growth company, unlike public companies that are not emerging growth companies under the JOBS Act, we will not be required to:

We will cease to be an emerging growth company upon the earliest of the:

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We have elected to take advantage of certain of the reduced disclosure obligations in this report and may elect to take advantage of other reduced reporting requirements in future filings. As a result, the information that we provide to our stockholders may be different than you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.

Finally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (1) the market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the end of the second fiscal quarter of that year, or (2) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of the second fiscal quarter of that year.

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The Company also provides unique capabilities with its proprietary pre-bid ad fraud detection & prevention, Kubient Artificial Intelligence (“KAI”), which has the ability to stop fraud in the critical 300 millisecond window before an advertiser spends their budget on fraudulent ad space. The technology is powered by deep learning algorithms, the latest advancement in machine learning, which allows the Company to ingest vast amounts of data, find complex patterns in the data and make accurate predictions. Most importantly, it’s self-learning, getting smarter and more accurate over time. This provides advertisers a powerful tool capable of preventing the purchase of ad fraud.

The Company believes that its Audience Marketplace technology allows advertisers to reach entire audiences rather than buying single impressions from disparate sources. By becoming a one stop shop for advertisers and publishers, providing them with the technology to deliver meaningful messages to their target audience, all in one place, on a single platform that is computationally efficient, transparent, and as safely fraud-free as possible, the Company believes that its Audience Marketplace platform (and the application of the platform’s machine learning algorithms) leads to increased publisher revenue, lower advertiser cost, reduced latency and increased economic transparency during the advertising auction process.

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Net Revenues

For the year ended December 31, 2022, net revenues decreased by $334,359, or 12%, to $2,403,408 from $2,737,767 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease in net revenues was primarily associated with a decrease of net revenues associated with a major customer as compared to the 2021 period, partially offset by revenues generated in the 2022 period related to customer contracts acquired in connection with our acquisition of MediaCrossing in November 2021.

Sales and Marketing

For the year ended December 31, 2022, sales and marketing expenses increased by $747,376, or 25%, to $3,779,509 from $3,032,133 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is primarily attributable to increases in headcount and associated costs of approximately $1,100,000 including executives hired during 2021, software subscriptions of approximately $114,000, public relations of approximately $24,000 in conjunction with decrease of consulting fees of approximately $120,000 and selling expenses of approximately $371,000 associated with a major customer as compared to the 2021 period.

Technology

For the year ended December 31, 2022, technology expenses increased by $97,745, or 3%, to $3,177,497 from $3,079,752 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is primarily attributable to increases in headcount costs of $398,000, stock-based compensation expense of approximately $176,000, cloud hosting expenses of approximately $150,000, partially offset by decreases in technology programming fees of approximately $467,000 related to the termination of our Russian contractors, amortization expense of approximately $117,000, consulting fees of approximately $30,000, software subscriptions of approximately $10,000 and travel and entertainment expenses of approximately $2,000.

General and Administrative

For the year ended December 31, 2022, general and administrative expenses increased by $440,451, or 7%, to $6,558,052 from $6,117,601 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is primarily attributable to increases in legal and professional fees of approximately $601,000 primarily related to increased legal costs, stock-based compensation expense of approximately $243,000, rent expense of approximately $97,000, board fees of approximately $108,000, dues and memberships fees of approximately $43,000, state franchise tax expense of approximately $43,000, travel and entertainment expenses of approximately $19,000, software subscriptions of approximately $12,000, partially offset by decreases in recruiting fees of approximately $224,000, consulting fees of approximately $252,000 primarily related to the hiring of an outside compensation consultant, insurance expense of approximately $40,000, office related expenses of approximately $25,000, bad debt expense of approximately $16,000 and headcount costs of approximately $169,000.

Impairment Loss on Intangible Assets, Property and Equipment and Goodwill

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized an impairment loss on intangible assets of $2,626,974, an impairment loss on property and equipment of $49,948 and an impairment loss on goodwill of $463,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we identified triggering events that indicated its finite-lived intangible assets and goodwill were at risk of impairment and, as such, performed the required quantitative impairment assessment to ultimately evaluate whether carrying value exceeded fair value. The primary triggers for the impairment review were a loss of customers as well as a reduction in the value of Kubient’s market capitalization. As a result of the quantitative assessments, we determined the intangible assets and goodwill were fully impaired.

Loss on Legal Settlement

The Company recognized a loss on legal settlement of $880,381 for the year ended December 31, 2021 related to a settlement agreement reached in March 2022 wherein we made a cash payment of $975,000 to Lo70s in consideration of the dismissal of the ligation among the parties, as well as the releases and covenants of the parties.

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Other Income

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company had other income of $631,688 as compared to other income of $80,387 during the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in other income is primarily due to the change in fair value contingent consideration approximately $613,000, primarily due to the decline in the Company’s stock price as well as changes in the likelihood that forecasted milestones would be met for the remainder of 2022.

Non-GAAP Measures

Adjusted EBITDA

The Company defines EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest, taxes and depreciation and amortization. The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA, further adjusted to eliminate the impact of certain non-recurring items and other items that we do not consider in our evaluation of our ongoing operating performance from period to period. These items will include stock-based compensation, restructuring and severance costs, transaction costs, acquisition costs, certain other non-recurring charges and gains that the Company does not believe reflects the underlying business performance.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA consisted of the following:

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EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Management believes that because Adjusted EBITDA excludes (a) certain non-cash expenses (such as depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation) and (b) expenses that are not reflective of the Company’s core operating results over time (such as stock-based compensation expense), this measure provides investors with additional useful information to measure the Company’s financial performance, particularly with respect to changes in performance from period to period. The Company’s management uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (a) as a measure of operating performance, (b) for planning and forecasting in future periods, and (c) in communications with the Company’s board of directors concerning the Company’s financial performance. The Company’s presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to different methods of calculation and should not be used by investors as a substitute or alternative to net income or any measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Instead, management believes EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should be used to supplement the Company’s financial measures derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP to provide a more complete understanding of the trends affecting the business.

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Although Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors and securities analysts in their evaluations of companies, Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and investors should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for, or more meaningful than, amounts determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Some of the limitations to using non-GAAP measures as an analytical tool are (a) they do not reflect the Company’s interest income and expense, or the requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on the Company’s debt, (b) they do not reflect future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments, and (c) although depreciation and amortization charges are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and non-GAAP measures do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements.

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Cash Flows From Financing Activities

We experienced negative and positive cash flows from financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 in the amounts of $(551,998) and $9,473,113, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022, $402,155 of cash was used to repay financed director and officer insurance premiums and $149,843 was used to repay our PPP loan. During the year ended December 31, 2021, $9,787,149 of proceeds were from exercises of options and warrants, partially offset by $145,050 of cash used to repay financed director and officer insurance premiums and $177,347 was used to partially repay our PPP loan.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have, during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any relationships with any organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities, that would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Contractual Obligations

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by paragraph (a)(5) of this Item.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, contingent assets and liabilities, each as of the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the periods presented. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates their estimates and assumptions, and the effects of any such revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which they are determined to be necessary. Management bases their estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that they believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual outcomes could differ materially from those estimates in a manner that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, we believe that the following accounting policies and estimates are critical to the process of making significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our financial statements and understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.

Revenue Recognition

The Company maintains a contract with each customer and supplier, which specify the terms of the relationship. The Company provides a service to its customers (the buy-side ad networks who work for advertisers) by connecting advertisers and publishers. For this service, the Company earns a percentage of the amount that is paid by the advertiser, who wants to run a digital advertising campaign, which, in some cases, is reduced by the amount paid to the publisher, who wants to sell its ad space to the advertiser.

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which it expects to be entitled, including the impact of any implicit price concessions over the course of the contract. The Company’s performance obligation is to facilitate the publication of advertisements. The performance obligation is satisfied at the point in time that the ad is placed. Subsequent to a bid being won, the associated fees are generally not subject to refund or adjustment. Historically, any refunds and adjustments have not been material. The revenue recognized is the amount the Company is responsible to collect from the customer related to the placement of an ad (the “Gross Billing”), less the amount the Company remits to the supplier for the ad space (the “Supplier Cost”), if any. The determination of whether the Company is the principal or agent, and hence whether to report revenue on a gross basis equal to the Gross Billing or on a net basis for the difference between the Gross Billing and Supplier Cost, requires judgment. The Company acts as an agent in arranging via its platform for the specified good (the ad space) to be purchased by the advertiser, as it does not control the goods or services being transferred to the end customer, it does not take responsibility for the quality or acceptability of the ad space, it does not bear inventory risk, nor does it have discretion in establishing price of the ad space. As a result, the Company recognizes revenue on a net basis for the difference between the Gross Billing and the Supplier Cost.

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The Company invoices customers on a monthly basis for the amount of Gross Billings in the relevant period. Invoice payment terms, negotiated on a customer-by- customer basis, are typically between 45 to 90 days. However, for certain agency customers with sequential liability terms as specified by the Interactive Advertising Bureau, (i) payments are not due to the Company until such agency customers has received payment from its customers (ii) the Company is not required to make a payment to its supplier until payment is received from the Company’s customer and (iii) the supplier is responsible to pursue collection directly with the advertiser. As a result, once the Company has met the requirements of each of the five steps under ASC 606, the Company’s accounts receivable are recorded at the amount of Gross Billings which represent amounts it is responsible to collect and accounts payable, if applicable, are recorded at the amount payable to suppliers. In the event step 1 under ASC 606 is not met, the Company does not record either the accounts receivable or accounts payable. Accordingly, both accounts receivable and accounts payable appear large in relation to revenue reported on a net basis.

Business Combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method and, accordingly, the assets acquired (including identified intangible assets), the liabilities assumed and any contingent consideration are recorded at their acquisition date fair values. The Company’s fair value measurement of the contingent consideration is based on significant inputs not observed in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement. Level 3 instruments are valued based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the Company’s own assumptions in measuring fair value.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are comprised of costs to acquire and develop computer software, including the costs to acquire third-party data which is used to improve the Company’s artificial intelligence platform for client use, as well as costs to acquire customer lists, customer contracts and related customer relationship and restrictive covenant agreements. The intangible assets have estimated useful lives of two years for the computer software, five years for the capitalized data, seven years for the customer lists and three years for the restrictive covenant agreements. Once placed into service, the Company amortizes the cost of the intangible assets over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company reviews for the impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable. An impairment would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of the award is measured on the grant date. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. Upon the exercise of an award, the Company issues new shares of common stock out of its authorized shares. The Company accrues for any equity awards at fair value that have been contractually earned but not yet issued.

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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[1] Includes gross proceeds of $10,169,027, less issuance costs of $465,397.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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[1] Includes gross proceeds of $10,169,027, less issuance costs of $381,878.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Kubient, Inc.

NOTE 1 – BUSINESS ORGANIZATION, NATURE OF OPERATIONS, RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

Organization and Operations

Kubient, Inc. (“Kubient”, “we”, “our” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, was incorporated in May 2017 to solve some of the most significant problems facing the global digital advertising industry.

The Company’s experienced team of marketing and technology veterans has developed the Audience Marketplace, a modular, highly scalable, transparent, cloud-based software platform for real-time trading of digital, programmatic advertising. The Company’s platform’s open marketplace gives both advertisers (ad space buyers) and Publishers (ad space sellers) the ability to use machine learning in the most critical parts of any programmatic advertising inventory auction, while simultaneously and significantly reducing those advertisers and Publishers’ exposure to fraud, specifically in the pre-bid environment.

The Company also provides unique capabilities with its proprietary pre-bid ad fraud detection and prevention, Kubient Artificial Intelligence (“KAI”), which has the ability to stop fraud in the critical 300 millisecond window before an advertiser spends their budget on fraudulent ad space. The technology is powered by deep learning algorithms, the latest advancement in machine learning, which allows the Company to ingest vast amounts of data, find complex patterns in the data and make accurate predictions. This provides advertisers a powerful tool capable of preventing the purchase of ad fraud.

The Company believes that its Audience Marketplace technology allows advertisers to reach entire audiences rather than buying single impressions from disparate sources. By becoming a one stop shop for advertisers and publishers, providing them with the technology to deliver meaningful messages to their target audience, all in one place, on a single platform that is computationally efficient, transparent, and as safely fraud-free as possible, the Company believes that its Audience Marketplace platform (and the application of the platform’s machine learning algorithms) leads to increased publisher revenue, lower advertiser cost, reduced latency and increased economic transparency during the advertising auction process.

Risks and Uncertainties

The worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”), including the emergence of variants and subvariants, as well as rising interest rates, inflation, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and geopolitical developments (including the war in Ukraine) have resulted, and may continue to result, in a global slowdown of economic activity, which may decrease demand for a broad variety of goods and services, including those provided by the Company’s clients, while also disrupting supply channels, sales channels and advertising and marketing activities for an unknown period of time until economic activity normalizes. As a result of the current uncertainty in economic activity, the Company is unable to predict the size and duration of the impact on its revenue and its results of operations. The extent of the impact of these macroeconomic factors on the Company’s operational and financial performance will depend on a variety of factors, including the duration and spread of COVID-19 and its variants and the duration and the extent of geopolitical disruption and their respective impacts on the Company’s clients, partners, industry, and employees, all of which are uncertain at this time and cannot be accurately predicted.  For example, many of the Company’s employees adopted a hybrid work schedule consisting of both in-person work and working from home. Additionally, the Company began to decrease the use of its physical offices paces in order to conserve its capital for other post-COVID business development initiatives.  The Company continues to monitor the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and take steps deemed appropriate to limit the impact on its business.

Similarly, the economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has made and may continue to make it difficult for the Company to forecast revenue and operating results and to make decisions regarding operational cost structures and investments. The Company has committed, and the Company plans to continue to commit, resources to grow its business, employee base, and technology development, and such investments may not yield anticipated returns, particularly if worldwide business activity continues to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The duration and extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic depend on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, and if the Company is not able to respond to and manage the impact of such events effectively, its business may be harmed.

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Kubient, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

There can be no assurance that precautionary measures, whether adopted by the Company or imposed by others, will be effective, and such measures could negatively affect its sales, marketing, and client service efforts, delay and lengthen its sales cycles, decrease its employees’, clients’, or partners’ productivity, or create operational or other challenges, any of which could harm its business and results of operations.

See Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies – Cash and Cash Equivalents for additional details regarding Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”).

NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

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The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The summary of significant accounting policies presented below is designed to assist in understanding the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Such consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are the representations of Company’s management, who is responsible for their integrity and objectivity.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant estimates used in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, fair value calculations for equity securities, revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, useful lives of intangibles assets, the collectability of receivables, the recoverability and useful lives of long-lived assets and the valuation allowance related to the Company’s deferred tax assets. Certain of the Company’s estimates could be affected by external conditions, including those unique to the Company and general economic conditions. It is reasonably possible that these external factors could have an effect on the Company’s estimates and may cause actual results to differ from those estimates.

Liquidity

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $14,739,484 and working capital of $12,873,338. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred a net loss of $13,619,884 and used cash in operating activities of $9,599,932.

The Company believes its current cash on hand is sufficient to meet its operating and capital requirements for at least the next twelve months from the date these financial statements are issued. The Company’s operating needs include the planned costs to operate its business, including amounts required to fund working capital and capital expenditures. The Company’s future capital requirements and the adequacy of its available funds will depend on many factors, including the Company’s ability to successfully commercialize its products and services, competing technological and market developments, and the need to enter into collaborations with other companies or acquire other companies or technologies to enhance or complement the Company’s product and service offerings.

Since inception, the Company’s operations have primarily been funded through proceeds received in equity and debt financings. The Company believes it has access to capital resources and continues to evaluate additional financing opportunities. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain funds on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. There is also no assurance that the amount of funds the Company might raise will enable the Company to complete its development initiatives or attain profitable operations.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Fidelity Media, LLC (“Fidelity”), the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation.

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Kubient, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Segment Reporting

The Company operates a single segment business. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is a group consisting of its entire management team (Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Technology Officer and Chief Product Officer). The CODM views the Company’s operating performance on a consolidated basis as Kubient’s only business provides advertisers and publishers with technology to execute on their digital advertising goals.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents in bank accounts, which, at times, may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the Company had cash balances of $13,489,484 and $23,407,963, respectively, in excess of FDIC insured limits. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

On March 10, 2023, SVB was closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation, and the FDIC was appointed as receiver. Thus, on March 17, 2023, the Company moved the majority of its funds on deposit at SVB to other banks, with the intention to move the remainder of its funds on deposit at SVB once the Company has transitioned all accounting and payroll functions connected to its account at SVB to accounts at other banks, such as our depository account at JP Morgan Chase. While the Company does not anticipate any losses, liquidity issues, or capital resource constraints arising as a result of the winding down of its accounts at SVB, it cannot predict at this time to what extent it or its collaborators, employees, suppliers, and/or vendors could be negatively impacted by the closure of SVB and other macroeconomic and geopolitical events.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue under ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

The Company maintains a contract with each customer and supplier, which specify the terms of the relationship and potential access to the Company’s platform. The Company provides a service to its customers (the buy-side ad networks who work for advertisers) by connecting advertisers and publishers. For this service, the Company earns a percentage of the amount that is paid by the advertiser, who wants to run a digital advertising campaign, which, in some cases, is reduced by the amount paid to the publisher, who wants to sell its ad space to the advertiser.

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Table of Contents

Kubient, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which it expects to be entitled, including the impact of any implicit price concessions over the course of the contract. The Company’s performance obligation is to facilitate the publication of advertisements. The performance obligation is satisfied at the point in time that the ad is placed. Subsequent to a bid being won, the associated fees are generally not subject to refund or adjustment. Historically, any refunds and adjustments have not been material. The revenue recognized is the amount the Company is responsible to collect from the customer related to the placement of an ad (the “Gross Billing”), less the amount the Company remits to the supplier for the ad space (the “Supplier Cost”), if any. The determination of whether the Company is the principal or agent, and hence whether to report revenue on a gross basis equal to the Gross Billing or on a net basis for the difference between the Gross Billing and Supplier Cost, requires judgment. The Company acts as an agent in arranging via its platform for the specified good (the ad space) to be purchased by the advertiser, as it does not control the goods or services being transferred to the end customer, it does not take responsibility for the quality or acceptability of the ad space, it does not bear inventory risk, nor does it have discretion in establishing price of the ad space. As a result, the Company recognizes revenue on a net basis for the difference between the Gross Billing and the Supplier Cost.

The Company invoices customers on a monthly basis for the amount of Gross Billings in the relevant period. Invoice payment terms, negotiated on a customer-by- customer basis, are typically between 45 to 90 days. However, for certain agency customers with sequential liability terms as specified by the Interactive Advertising Bureau, (i) payments are not due to the Company until such agency customers has received payment from its customers (ii) the Company is not required to make a payment to its supplier until payment is received from the Company’s customer and (iii) the supplier is responsible to pursue collection directly with the advertiser. As a result, once the Company has met the requirements of each of the five steps under ASC 606, the Company’s accounts receivable are recorded at the amount of Gross Billings which represent amounts it is responsible to collect and accounts payable, if applicable, are recorded at the amount payable to suppliers. In the event step 1 under ASC 606 is not met, the Company does not record either the accounts receivable or accounts payable. Accordingly, both accounts receivable and accounts payable appear large in relation to revenue reported on a net basis.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any contract assets from contracts with customers. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $395,914 of revenue that was deferred as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $531 and $395,914, respectively, of contract liabilities where performance obligations have not yet been satisfied. The Company expects to satisfy its remaining performance obligations and recognize the revenue within the next twelve months. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, there was no revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods.

Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable

Accounts receivable are carried at their contractual amounts, less an estimate for uncollectible amounts. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there was an allowance for uncollectible amounts of $12,651 and $12,149, respectively. Management estimates the allowance for bad debts based on existing economic conditions, the financial conditions of the customers, and the amount and age of past due accounts.

Receivables are considered past due if full payment is not received by the contractual due date. Past due accounts are generally written off against the corresponding accounts payable in the event that the Company’s contract contains sequential liability terms, with the excess receivable being written off against the allowance for bad debts only after all collection attempts have been exhausted.

Accounts receivable are recorded at the amount the Company is responsible to collect from the customer. See Note 2 — Significant Accounting Policies — Revenue Recognition for additional details. In the event that the Company does not collect the Gross Billing amount from the customer, the Company generally is not contractually obligated to pay the associated Supplier Cost.

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Kubient, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs, which consist of direct, incremental professional fees incurred in connection with the Company’s future offerings of equity and debt securities that have yet to close, are capitalized as non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. Upon the closing of the offering, the deferred offering costs are either (i) charged off against the offering proceeds in connection with an equity offering or (ii) reclassified such that they represent a reduction in the carrying amount of the face value of the debt security.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation which is recorded commencing at the in-service date using the straight-line method at rates sufficient to charge the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated useful lives, which is three years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of (a) the useful life of the asset; or (b) the remaining lease term. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. The Company capitalizes cost attributable to the betterment of property and equipment when such betterment extends the useful life of the assets. See Note 4 – Intangible and Other Long-Lived Assets for disclosure of the impairment of property and equipment during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are comprised of costs to acquire and develop computer software, including (i) the costs to acquire third-party data which is used to improve the Company’s artificial intelligence platform for client use as well as (ii) the costs to acquire third-party software as well as the related source code. The intangible assets have estimated useful lives of two years for the computer software and five years for the capitalized data. Once placed into service, the Company amortizes the cost of the intangible assets over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. See Note 4 – Intangible and Other Long-Lived Assets for disclosure of the impairment of intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews for the impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable. An impairment would be recognized when estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount. The Company followed the accounting guidance provided by ASC 360-10 and used the fair value, quoted price from potential buyers, to measure the impairment loss.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment loss on intangible assets of $2,626,974, an impairment loss on property and equipment of $49,948 and an impairment loss on goodwill of $463,000. The primary triggers for the impairment review were a loss of customers as well as a reduction in the value of Kubient’s market capitalization. As a result of the quantitative assessments, the Company determined the intangible assets and goodwill were fully impaired. The Company did not record any impairment losses during the year ended December 31, 2021. See Notes 4 and 5 for additional details.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the guidance of ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”).

ASC 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

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Kubient, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Level 2 — quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable

Level 3 — inputs that are unobservable (for example, cash flow modeling inputs based on assumptions)

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, such as cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and notes payable approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amounts of the Company’s short — term credit obligations approximate fair value because the effective yields on these obligations, which include contractual interest rates, are comparable to rates of returns for instruments of similar credit risk.

Software Development Costs

The Company develops and utilizes software in connection with its ability to generate customer revenue (which is further explained in Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies – Revenue Recognition). Costs incurred in this effort are accounted for under the provisions of ASC 985-20, Software – Cost of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed, whereby costs for the development of new software products and substantial enhancements to existing software products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time any additional costs would be capitalized. The Company capitalizes subsequent additions, modifications, or upgrades to internally developed software only to the extent that such changes allow the software to perform a task it previously did not perform.

Income Taxes

The Company is subject to federal and state income taxes in the United States. The Company files income tax returns in the jurisdictions in which nexus threshold requirements are met.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of items that have been included or excluded in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts (“temporary differences”) at enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse.

The Company utilizes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

The Company’s policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest as interest expense and penalties as general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are charged to operations in the year incurred and totaled approximately $294,000 and $270,000 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are reflected in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of the award is measured on the grant date. The fair value amount is then recognized over the period during which services are required to be provided in exchange for the award, usually the vesting period. Upon the exercise of an award, the Company issues new shares of common stock out of its authorized shares. The Company accrues for any equity awards at fair value that have been contractually earned but not yet issued.

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Kubient, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Fair Value of Stock Options and Warrants

The Company has computed the fair value of stock options and warrants granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Option forfeitures are accounted for at the time of occurrence. The expected term used for options is the estimated period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected term used for warrants is the contractual life. The Company utilizes the “simplified” method to develop an estimate of the expected term of “plain vanilla” option grants. The Company does not currently have a sufficient trading history to support its historical volatility calculations. Accordingly, the Company is utilizing an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatility of comparable entities over a period of time equivalent to the expected life of the instrument being valued. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term consistent with the expected term of the instrument being valued.

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common and dilutive common-equivalent shares outstanding during each period. Dilutive common-equivalent shares consist of shares of options, warrants and convertible notes, if not anti-dilutive.

The following shares were excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive common shares because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

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[1] Includes shares underlying warrants that are exercisable into an aggregate of (i) 368,711 shares of common stock, and (ii) five-year warrants to purchase 368,711 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $5.50 per share.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02“, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), as amended, with guidance regarding the accounting for and disclosure of leases. The update requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities related to all leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months on the balance sheet. This update also requires lessees and lessors to disclose key information about their leasing transactions. In May 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-05 that deferred these dates one year for all other entities, including emerging growth companies. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. The Company elected the practical expedient for leases with terms less than one year, such that there was not a material impact of adopting the new standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

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Kubient, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” (“ASU 2019-12”). The amendments in this ASU simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This update for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for periods for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. An entity that elects to early adopt the amendments in an interim period should reflect any adjustments as of the beginning of the annual period that includes that interim period. Additionally, an entity that elects early adoption must adopt all the amendments in the same period. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 effective January 1, 2022 and its adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, “Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity” (“ASU 2020-06”) which simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating certain accounting models when the conversion features are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in-capital. Under this ASU, certain debt instruments with embedded conversion features will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost. Additionally, this ASU eliminates the treasury stock method to calculate diluted earnings per share for convertible instruments. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2022 which eliminated the need to assess whether a beneficial conversion feature needed to be recognized upon either (a) the future issuance of new convertible notes; or (b) the resolution of any contingent beneficial conversion features. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 on a modified retrospective basis did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options” (“ASU 2021-04”). This new standard provides clarification and reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (such as warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Issuers should apply the new standard prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring after the effective date of the new standard. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an issuer elects to early adopt the new standard in an interim period, the guidance should be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The Company adopted ASU 2021-04 effective January 1, 2022 and such adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). In April 2020, the FASB issued clarification to ASU 2016-13 within ASU 2020-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments. In November 2019, as a result of the issuance of ASU 2019-10, the FASB deferred the required adoption of ASC 326, such that it is now effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023 and such adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, “Business Combinations (Topic 805)” (“ASU 2021-08”). The ASU improves the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice and inconsistency related to recognition of an acquired contract liability and payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. The update is effective for annual and interim periods within the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022, and early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 effective January 1, 2023 and such adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

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Kubient, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

NOTE 3 – BUSINESS COMBINATION

On November 30, 2021, Kubient entered into and consummated an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) between the Company and MediaCrossing Inc., a Delaware corporation (“MediaCrossing”), pursuant to which the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities that were critical to continue to operate the business of MediaCrossing for (i) $500,000 in cash and (ii) if the acquired business achieves certain milestones in 2022, up to 822,369 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share (the “Earnout Shares”) (the “Transaction”). In accordance with ASC 805, the Company determined that the Transaction should be accounted for as a business combination after determining that the acquired set of assets of MediaCrossing, the fair value of which was not concentrated in a single asset or group of similar assets and included (a) cash, (b) prepaid expenses and other current assets, (c) intangible assets as detailed further below and (d) an assembled workforce, met the definition of a business. As a result, Kubient has recorded the business combination in its consolidated financial statements and has applied the acquisition method to account for MediaCrossing’s assets acquired and liabilities assumed upon completion of the Transaction. The acquisition method requires recording the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair values on the acquisition date and recording goodwill for the excess of the purchase price over the aggregate fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

The Earnout Shares consist of up to 822,369 shares of the Company’s common stock, depending on the amount of revenue generated by the acquisition in 2022. Each share had a fair value of $2.55 as of the acquisition date. The Earnout Shares were measured using a Monte Carlo simulation. Key assumptions used in the fair value assessment consisted of revenue projections (which were used to estimate the number of Earnout Shares issuable), discount rate and standard deviation. The fair value measurement of the contingent consideration is based on significant inputs not observed in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement. Level 3 instruments are valued based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and reflect Kubient’s own assumptions in measuring fair value.

MediaCrossing is engaged in the business of providing managed media services to agencies and direct brand advertisers, including media planning, strategy, contracting for media, developing, executing and managing campaigns, reporting and services ancillary to the foregoing.

In connection with the Acquisition and pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company has offered employment to ten employees of MediaCrossing, including Michael Kalman as President – Agency & Brand Partnerships. In addition, the Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, post-closing covenants and indemnification provisions.

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The aggregate purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows:

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The components of debt free net working capital deficit are as follows:

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