If we, or any selling security holders, as applicable, offer and sell securities through a dealer, we, or any selling security holders, as applicable, or an underwriter will sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. The name of the dealer and the terms of the transaction will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We, or any selling security holders, as applicable, may sell securities directly or through agents we, or any selling security holders, as applicable, designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we, or any selling security holders, as applicable, will pay to the agent in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless the applicable prospectus supplement states otherwise, such agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
Dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and compensation received by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts. If such dealers or agents were deemed to be underwriters, they may be subject to statutory liabilities under the Securities Act.
We, or any selling security holders, as applicable, may use a remarketing firm to offer the securities being offered by this prospectus in connection with a remarketing arrangement upon their purchase. Remarketing firms will act as principals for their own account or as agents for us, or any selling security holders, as applicable. These remarketing firms will offer or sell the securities pursuant to the terms of the securities. The applicable prospectus supplement will identify any remarketing firm and the terms of its agreement, if any, with us, or any selling security holders, as applicable, and will describe the remarketing firm’s compensation. Remarketing firms may be deemed to be underwriters in connection with the securities they remarket.
We, or any selling security holders, as applicable, may sell securities directly to one or more purchasers without using underwriters, dealers or agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities may be underwriters as defined in the Securities Act, and any discounts or commissions they receive from us, or any selling security holders, as applicable, and any profit on their resale of the securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.
We, or any selling security holders, as applicable, may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us, or any selling security holders, as applicable, at the public offering price set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we, or any selling security holders, as applicable, must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We, or any selling security holders, as applicable, may provide underwriters, dealers, agents or remarketing firms with indemnification against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the underwriters, dealers, agents or remarketing firms may make with respect to these liabilities. Underwriters, dealers, agents or remarketing firms or their respective affiliates, may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us, or any selling security holders, as applicable, in the ordinary course of business.
All securities we, or any selling security holders, as applicable, may offer, other than our common shares, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriter may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We, or any selling security holders, as applicable, cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.
Any underwriter may engage in purchase options, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Purchase options involve sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum price. Syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions involve purchases of the securities, either through exercise of the purchase option or in the open market after the distribution is completed, to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities