MOHO ECMOHO Limited

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities s involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all the information in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, including the risks and uncertainties described below, before making an investment in our securities. Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In any such case, the market price of the ADSs could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Our business, financial position, liquidity and results of operations have been, and are likely to continue to be, materially and adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created unique global and industry-wide challenges, including challenges to many aspects of our business. Since January 2020, the Chinese government has imposed a series of strict and protracted measures, including quarantines, travel restrictions, limitations on social or public gatherings, and the temporary closure of business venues and facilities across the country. Governments across the globe have responded to contain the spread and reduce the risk of exposure to infection through international travel restrictions, lockdowns of cities and wider regions, business closures and strict social distancing measures. As of the date of this prospectus supplement, many of the quarantine measures within China and around the world have since been relaxed. However, relaxation of restrictions on economic and social activities may also lead to new cases which may lead to re-imposed restrictions.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated efforts to contain the spread of the disease have caused unprecedented disruptions to the global economy, impacted business operations across many industries and geographies and created significant volatility and uncertainty, all of which have had a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and overall financial position. For example, during the implementation of quarantine measures in China, our operations were affected as many of our employees were unable to return to work following the Lunar New Year public holiday. We only resumed full operations and achieved full staffing levels in mid-March 2020. Moreover, during the first quarter of 2020, some of our third-party business partners in China, in particular, domestic logistics and transport service providers, experienced temporary shutdowns or worker absenteeism and were unable to meet their obligations to us. This has had an adverse impact on our ability to promptly provide our customers with the products they purchased, which, in turn, has affected our financial performance. Although domestic logistics and transport services providers have resumed their ordinary course of business, there has been and may continue to be a significant increase in international freight costs in light of the COVID-19 pandemic due to tight supply chain capacity, which has had and may continue to have an impact on our fulfillment expenses. Furthermore, we have experienced and expect to continue to experience disruptions to our supply chains if our brand partners, especially international brand partners based in the United States and Europe, are severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic or government-imposed quarantines. If we are unable to procure products from our key brand partners when required, our operations, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely impacted in the foreseeable future and such impacts may be material. If we choose to increase the levels of inventory we hold, when possible, to minimize the risk of experiencing product shortages, we may be exposed to increased inventory risk due to accumulated excess inventory, which may have an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition. See “—If we fail to effectively manage our inventory, our reputation, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.” Additionally, our ability to enter into agreements with new brand partners has been impacted by pandemic related restrictions on business travels, causing a decrease in the number of brand partners, which has affected and may continue to adversely affect our product sales and revenues. If we fail to find alternative brand partners or otherwise grow our brand partner base, our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We have modified our business practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and started to provide technology solutions, including e-commerce business solutions, digital marketing services and e-commerce third-

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party operation management services to our brand partners. We have also terminated business relationships with some of our then existing brand partners with whom we had less favorable terms. However, the impact of our new initiatives in response to COVID-19 is uncertain and we may be subject to additional risks related to our new initiatives.

The longer-term trajectory of COVID-19, the spread of mutations in the virus, and effectiveness and availability of the vaccines, and their impact on our industry and the broader economy are still difficult to assess or predict and pose significant uncertainties that are difficult for us to quantify and beyond our control. For example, in late July 2021, a fresh COVID-19 outbreak began to spread to multiple locations in China. The new outbreak was reported to be associated with the highly contagious Delta variant, which raised concerns over the outlook of future quarantine measures that have been or may be adopted in response. As such, we are currently unable to predict with the ultimate long-term impact of COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. However, COVID-19-related disruptions have had an adverse impact on our results of operations in 2020 and the three months ended March 31, 2021. Specifically, we experienced a 0.6% decrease in product sales revenues from US$302.1 million in 2019 to US$300.2 million in 2020 and an 82.6% decrease in service revenues from US$27.4 million in 2019 to US$4.8 million in 2020. Our sales revenues were US$26.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021, as compared to US$60.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020. The COVID-19 outbreak may continue to have an adverse impact on our results of operations in the foreseeable future.

Each of the following risk factors should be read in the context of the foregoing uncertain trends, events and developments as they affect us, whether or not we make specific reference to the COVID-19 pandemic, given the potentially materially adverse effect of the pandemic on our business.

If the e-commerce market or the health and wellness industry in China does not grow, or grows more slowly than we expect, the demand for our products and solutions could be materially and adversely affected.

Continued demand for our products and solutions depends on whether the e-commerce market and the health and wellness industry in China will continue to grow. The long-term viability and prospects of the online retail business in China remain relatively untested. Our future results of operations will depend on numerous factors affecting the development of the e-commerce industry in China, which may be beyond our control, including:

Additionally, our future results of operations will depend on numerous factors affecting the development of the health and wellness industry in China, including:

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We are subject to evolving regulatory requirements, non-compliance with which, or changes in which, may materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.

As a provider of an e-commerce platform for health and wellness products, we are subject to legal and regulatory requirements applicable to multiple industries in China. These industries primarily include the Internet and health and wellness industries. We have been subject to penalties by PRC regulatory authorities in the past due to our failure to comply with their requirements, including those in relation to pricing.

The regulations to which we are subject in this area are new and evolving. As a result, the interpretation of these laws and their enforcement is often uncertain. Predicting the application of these laws can be difficult, and unexpected outcomes in the interpretation and enforcement of the applicable regulations may have an adverse impact on our business and operations. Additionally, any future changes in regulation may render our business non-compliant or require changes to our business practices or licensing arrangements to ensure compliance. These changes may involve significant costs, which in turn may adversely affect our business and prospects.

Various regulatory authorities of the PRC government regulate value-added telecommunications services, food business, pharmaceutical operations and services, online drug and medical device operations and online trading and e-commerce. Violations of regulations may lead to the imposition of significant penalties which may affect our business, operations, reputation and financial prospects. In respect of the healthcare industry, in particular, any violation of the relevant laws, rules and regulations may result in harsh penalties and, under certain circumstances, lead to criminal prosecution.

As we introduce new products and services to our customers, we may be required to comply with additional laws and regulations that are yet to be determined. To comply with such additional laws and regulations, we may be required to obtain necessary certificates, licenses or permits, as well as expend additional resources to monitor regulatory and policy developments. Our failure to adequately comply with such additional laws and regulations may delay, or possibly prevent, some of our products or services from being offered to users, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, China has enacted laws and regulations governing Internet access and the distribution of products, services, news, information, audio-video programs and other content through the Internet. The PRC government has prohibited the distribution of information through the Internet that it deems to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations. If any of the information disseminated through our marketplaces and websites were deemed by the PRC government to violate any content restrictions, we would not be able to continue to display such content and could become subject to penalties, including confiscation of income, fines, suspension of business and revocation of required licenses, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As our operations in China are subject to regulations over the Internet, health and wellness industries, value-added telecommunications services, food business, pharmaceutical operations and services, online drug and medical device operations and online trading and e-commerce, any industry-wide adverse regulatory development or policies adopted by the relevant authorities to influence the development of such industries may significantly change the demand for our products and services, impose additional restrictions over our business operations, and otherwise materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Adverse regulatory developments in China may subject us to additional regulatory review and expose us to government interference, and additional disclosure requirements and regulatory scrutiny to be adopted by the SEC in response to risks related to recent regulatory developments in China may impose additional compliance requirements for companies like us with significant China-based operations, all of which could increase our compliance costs, subject us to additional disclosure requirements, and/or suspend or terminate our future securities offerings, making capital-raising more difficult.

As substantially all of our operations are based in China, we are subject to PRC laws relating to, among others, data security and restriction over foreign investments in value-added telecommunications services. The recent regulatory developments in China, in particular with respect to restrictions on China-based companies raising capital offshore, including through the variable interest entities structure, or the VIE structure, and the government-led cybersecurity reviews of certain companies with VIE structure, may lead to additional regulatory review in China over our financing and capital raising activities in the United States. In addition, we may become subject to industry-wide regulations that may be adopted by the relevant PRC authorities, which may have the effect of limiting our product and service offerings, restricting the scope of our operations in China, or causing the suspension or termination of our business operations in China entirely, all of which will materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may have to adjust, modify, or completely change our business operations in response to adverse regulatory changes or policy developments, and we cannot assure you that any remedial action adopted by us can be completed in a timely, cost-efficient, or liability-free manner or at all.

On July 30, 2021, in response to the recent regulatory developments in China and actions adopted by the PRC government, the Chairman of the SEC issued a statement asking the SEC staff to seek additional disclosures from offshore issuers associated with China-based operating companies before their registration statements will be declared effective, including detailed disclosure related to VIE structures and whether the VIE and the issuer, when applicable, received or were denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges and the risks that such approval could be denied or rescinded. On August 1, 2021, the China Securities Regulatory Commission stated in a statement that it had taken note of the new disclosure requirements announced by the SEC regarding the listings of Chinese companies and the recent regulatory development in China, and that both countries should strengthen communications on regulating China-related issuers. We are subject to a variety of PRC laws, including laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection. We also maintain a VIE structure with respect to our operations in China due to restriction over foreign investment in value-added telecommunications services. Although we do not currently engage in any telecommunications services, our VIE, Shanghai Yibo, holds an Internet Content Provider license, or ICP license, and may develop e-commerce platforms for other trading parties. Therefore, we may be subject to tightened regulatory review and exposed to government interference in China. In light of the recent regulatory and policy developments in China and government actions taken by the PRC government, including possible imposition of restrictions and/or approval requirements on China-based companies raising capital offshore, the offering of our securities may be subject to additional disclosure requirements and review that the SEC or other regulatory authorities in the United States may adopt for companies with China-based operations. For details of risks relating to cybersecurity review and our VIE structure, see risks disclosed in the sections headed “—Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure,” “—We are subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations or exposure to government interference actions could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations,” and “—The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission and other compliance procedures may be required in connection with this offering, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such approval.”

We are subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations or exposure to government interference actions could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to PRC laws relating to the collection, use, sharing, retention, security, and transfer of confidential and private information, such as personal information and other data. These laws apply not only to

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third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information between us, our wholly foreign-owned enterprise in China, or WFOE, our VIE, and the subsidiaries of our VIE and WFOE, and among us, our WFOE, our VIE, and the subsidiaries of our VIE and WFOE, and other parties with which we have commercial relations. These laws and their interpretations and enforcement continue to develop and are subject to change, and the PRC government may adopt other rules and restrictions in the future.

Pursuant to the PRC Cybersecurity Law, which was promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on November 7, 2016 and took effect on June 1, 2017, personal information and important data collected and generated by a critical information infrastructure operator in the course of its operations in China must be stored in China, and if a critical information infrastructure operator purchases internet products and services that affects or may affect national security, it should be subject to cybersecurity review by the Cyberspace Administration of China, or CAC. Cyber Security Law also establishes more stringent requirements applicable to operators of computer networks, especially to operators of networks which involve critical information infrastructure. Because of its exceptional breadth in scope, ambiguous requirements and broadly defined terminology, we are concerned about the law’s potential impact on our operations in China, particularly in relation to the safeguarding of user information. The Cyber Security Law contains an overarching framework for regulating Internet security, protection of private and sensitive information, and safeguards for national cyberspace security and provisions for the continued government regulation of the Internet and content available in China. The Cyber Security Law emphasizes requirements for network products, services, operations and information security, as well as monitoring, early detection, emergency response and reporting.

Due to the lack of further interpretations, the exact scope of “critical information infrastructure operator” remains unclear. On July 10, 2021, the CAC publicly issued the “Cybersecurity Review Measures” (Revised Draft for Comments) aiming to, upon its enactment, replace the existing Measures for Cybersecurity Censorship. The draft measures extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews to data processing operators engaging in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security, including listing in a foreign country. If the enacted version of the draft measures mandates clearance of cybersecurity review and other specific actions to be completed by companies like us, we face uncertainties as to whether such clearance can be timely obtained, or at all. Our business collects and processes a large quantity of personal, transactional and behavioral data, which could subject us to cybersecurity review.

We cannot assure you that we will not be subject to PRC regulatory inspection and/or review relating to cybersecurity, especially when there remains significant uncertainty as to the scope and manner of the regulatory enforcement and/or the possible government interference that we may be exposed to. If we become subject to cybersecurity inspection and/or review by CAC or other PRC authorities or are required by them to take any specific actions, it could cause suspension or termination of the future offering of our securities, disruptions to our operations, result in negative publicity regarding our company, and divert our managerial and financial resources. We may also be subject to fines or other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, as the legal and regulatory framework for the protection of information in cyberspace in China continues to evolve, we may be required to adjust our business practices or incur additional operating expenses, which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

If we fail to anticipate evolving consumer preferences for health and wellness products and/or fail to cater effectively to consumer demands, our ability to attract and retain customers may be materially and adversely affected.

Our ability to attract and retain our consumers depends largely on our ability to offer health and wellness products that they find attractive. The success of our business relies on our ability to anticipate changes in consumer preferences, demographic shifts in our consumer base and broader evolving trends in the industry, and to respond to such changes in a timely and cost-effective manner. If we rely on misleading industry intelligence or consistently misinterpret the consumer data we collect, we may fail to cater to the preferences of our

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consumers or fail to continue to retain our consumers. Consequently, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Our success depends on our ability to maintain relationships with existing brand partners and to develop relationships with new brand partners.

Our success is closely tied to our relationships with our existing brand partners, who supply the products that we sell through various platforms. We also identify and target potential new brand partners whose products complement our established inventory or that represent new opportunities for us to meet consumer demand. Many of our brand partners deal with us on a non-exclusive basis, and many of our brand partner relationships are relatively recent, having been established over the last three to four years. Because of these factors, we face, and expect to continue to face, constant and intense competition for the business of our brand partners from other Chinese distributors in the health and wellness market. Our relationships with our brand partners may weaken and we may lose our market share if our competitors offer their services to them. The e-commerce market is characterized by rapid technological developments and frequent changes in regulation, specifications and other requirements for how our brand partners should sell their merchandise through particular channels. This could negatively affect our ability to retain existing brand partners and attract new brand partners, our future financial and results of operations, and our potential for growth. If we are unable to maintain these relationships or enter into advantageous new arrangements through our targeted approaches to specific potential brand partners, our ability to attract new brand partners may decrease.

In addition, a small number of brand partners contribute a significant portion of our total revenues. For example, in 2020, the single largest brand partner in terms of the revenue contribution of its products accounted for 14% of our total net revenues. In the same period, the ten largest brand partners in terms of the revenue contribution of their products, in the aggregate, accounted for 80% of our total net revenues. Moreover, three of the ten largest brand partners in terms of revenue contribution in 2020 are under the common control of a global food and beverage company. While our relationships with these three brand partners were developed independently and they are each managed by a dedicated operations team, we cannot assure you that failure to maintain a satisfactory relationship with one of these brand partners in the future will not adversely affect our reputation with the other brand partners under common control. Furthermore, the loss of one or more of our largest brand partners may result in a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation.

In such a rapidly changing market, the needs of our brand partners are also constantly evolving to keep pace with consumer demands. If we fail to respond to the evolving needs of our brand partners, our continuing relationships with existing brand partners, our reputation and the demand for our services may be adversely affected. This may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial position and results of operations.

We may be unable to compete effectively against stronger and better-resourced e-commerce companies, offline competitors or new entrants to the health and wellness market, and we may lose market share as a result.

The health and wellness market is intensely competitive in China. We may not be able to command the same price for our services and solutions or we may face a decrease in our market share, which may affect our future results of operations and financial condition, and our ability to grow our business. In addition, competition may intensify if our competitors increase their resources and product range and if established companies in other market segments or geographic markets expand into our market segments or geographic markets. If we cannot compete successfully, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We face competition in many areas. We compete to attract, engage and retain consumers based on the variety, value and personalization of the products and services we offer, and overall user experience and

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convenience. We compete to attract and retain brand partners based on our scale of operation and the capability of engaging consumers, the sales and growth solutions offered to brand partners as a result of our consumer and industry analysis and the efficiency of our logistics infrastructure in facilitating the delivery of our brand partners’ products to consumers. We also compete for experienced and effective talent and personnel, who serve critical functions in the development of our products and our ecosystem.

Our ability to compete effectively depends on a number of factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including brand partners choosing to develop in-house e-commerce platforms or infrastructure, offline competitors with a broader product range, e-commerce channels deciding to directly compete with us and consolidations within the Chinese health and wellness industry that may result in stronger competitors.

If we are not able to compete effectively, we may lose market share and face a decrease in consumer engagement and sales, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations as well as our reputation.

Some of our current or future competitors may have, or may develop, greater brand recognition, better supplier relationships, larger customer bases or greater financial, technical or marketing resources than us. Any smaller companies or potential new entrants to the Chinese health and wellness market may be acquired by, receive investment from or enter into strategic relationships with well-established and well-financed companies or investors which may enhance their competitive positions. Some of our competitors may be able to secure more favorable terms from suppliers, devote greater resources to marketing and promotional campaigns, adopt more aggressive pricing or inventory policies and devote substantially more resources to their technology and infrastructure systems than us. We cannot be certain that we will be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors, and competitive pressures may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We incurred a net loss in 2020 and the three months ended March 31, 2021, and we may not achieve or maintain profitability.

We incurred a net loss of US$13.5 million in 2020 and US$6.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021. We may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in the future. Our expenses will likely increase in the future as we develop execute our growth initiatives, such as launching new services, such as offering strategy, marketing, products, digitalization, consumer insights, supply chain and SaaS solutions to assist our business partners deliver customized products and services to consumers.

These efforts may be more costly than we expect and may not result in increased revenues or growth in our business. Any failure to increase our revenues sufficiently to keep pace with our investments and other expenses could prevent us from achieving or maintaining profitability or positive operating cash flow on a consistent basis. If we are unable to successfully address these risks and challenges as we encounter them, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We may need additional capital but may not be able to obtain it on acceptable terms, or at all.

In order for us to continue to grow, we need significant amount of working capital to fund our inventory. In addition, we may require additional capital in case of operating losses as well as any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. For example, net cash used in operating activities reached US$40.8 million in 2018 and US$14.2 million in 2019. While we recorded net cash provided by operating activities of US$21.6 million in 2020, we may continue to incur operating cash outflows in the future due to the expansion of our business and the corresponding increase in inventory. See “—If we fail to effectively manage our inventory, our reputation, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.”

If our cash resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to issue additional equity or debt securities, including convertible notes, or obtain new or expanded credit facilities.

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Our ability to obtain external financing in the future is subject to a variety of uncertainties, including our future financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, share price performance, liquidity of international capital and lending markets and the PRC governmental regulations over foreign investment and the health and wellness industry. Any debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants and could restrict our operational flexibility and reduce our profitability. In addition, incurring indebtedness would subject us to increased debt service obligations. There can be no assurance that financing would be available in a timely manner or in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, or at all, particularly considering the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Any such failure could severely restrict our liquidity as well as have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, any issuance of equity or equity-linked securities could result in significant dilution to the interests of our existing shareholders.

If we are unable to obtain increased financing, any resultant cash flow shortage may materially affect our ability to procure products from our brand partners and meet our financial obligations, which may damage our reputation and brand partner relationships. Such damage to our reputation or relationships would have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to effectively manage the expansion of our business or optimally implement our business strategies.

To realize our mission of providing comprehensive health and wellness solutions to our consumers, we have implemented an expansion strategy and have experienced rapid growth in recent years. However, there is no assurance that we will be able to maintain our historical growth rates in future periods. Our revenue growth may slow or even decline for many reasons, including competition, and industry and economy conditions. We have continued to widen our relationships with existing brand partners to include more offerings, procuring new brand partners with different products, improving our logistic and fulfillment capabilities to support our expanded offering and growing through acquisitions of complementary businesses. We have also continued to strengthen our multi-channel value proposition by leveraging new ways to market and distribute products, including social media platforms, short video platforms and offline promotions. Additionally, we are exploring new business opportunities in providing technology solutions including e-commerce business solutions, digital marketing services and e-commerce third-party operation management services. In particular, we plan to put more emphasis on offering brand partners with technology-centric services to add value and therefore reinforce our relationship. To execute our business initiatives and promote service-oriented business model, we need to upgrade our technology infrastructure and recruit and train more technical staff, which will lead to increased costs and expenses. This expansion has contributed to a heightened level of complexity of our business, in terms of both the type and scale of our operations, which may place a significant strain on our operational, financial and technical resources and increase demands on our management and employees. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to manage our growth, improve our profitability or execute our strategies effectively, and any failure to do so may materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.

We are also continuously executing a number of growth initiatives, strategies and operating plans designed to enhance our business, including launching various new services, such as offering strategy, marketing, products, digitalization, consumer insights, supply chain and SaaS solutions to assist our business partners deliver customized products and services to consumers. The anticipated benefits from these efforts are based on assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate. Moreover, we may not be able to successfully complete these growth initiatives, strategies and operating plans and realize all of the benefits that we expect to achieve, such as expanding our product and service offerings, or it may be more costly to do so than we anticipate. In addition, profitability, if any, in the new areas that we expand into may be lower than in our existing business, and we may not be successful enough in these newer areas to recoup our investments in them. If any of these circumstances were to occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

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We depend on key management as well as experienced and capable personnel generally, and any failure to attract, motivate or retain our staff could hinder our ability to maintain and grow our business.

Our future success depends substantially upon the continued service of our key executives and other key employees, particularly our co-founders, Ms. Wang and Mr. Zeng. If we lose the services of any member of management or key personnel, we may not be able to locate suitable or qualified replacements, and we may incur additional expenses to recruit and train new staff, which could severely disrupt our business and growth.

The size and scope of our ecosystem also require us to hire and retain a wide range of experienced and capable personnel who can adapt to a dynamic, competitive and challenging business environment. We will need to continue to attract and retain experienced and capable personnel at all levels as we expand our business and operations. Competition for such talent is intense, and the availability of suitable and qualified candidates in China is limited. This high level of competition could compel us to offer higher compensation and other benefits to attract and retain the right candidate. Even if we were to offer higher compensation and other benefits, there is no assurance that these individuals will choose to join us or continue to work for us. Any failure to attract or retain key management and personnel could severely disrupt our business and growth.

We may be subject to claims under consumer protection laws, including health and safety claims and product liability claims, if property or people are harmed by the products sold on our platform.

Due to several high-profile consumer complaint incidents that have occurred in China in recent years and attendant media and advocacy group attention, there has been increased governmental focus in China on consumer protection. Operators of e-commerce marketplaces and platforms are subject to certain provisions of consumer protection laws even where such operator is not the seller of the product or service purchased by the consumer. In addition, if we do not take appropriate remedial action against sellers or service providers for actions they engage in that we know, or should have known, would infringe upon the rights and interests of consumers, we may be held jointly and severally liable with the seller or service provider for such infringement.

Moreover, applicable PRC consumer protection laws hold that trading platforms will be held liable for failing to meet any undertakings such platforms make to consumers regarding products listed on their websites. Furthermore, we are required to report to the State Administration for Market Regulation, or the SAMR, or its local branches any violation of applicable laws, regulations or SAMR rules by sellers or service providers, such as sales of goods without proper license or authorization, and to take appropriate remedial measures, including ceasing to provide services to such sellers or service providers. If claims are brought against us under any of these laws, we could be subject to damages and reputational damage as well as action by regulators, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We do not maintain product liability insurance for products and services transacted on our platform, and any other insurance policies may not cover us, adequately or at all, for any liability we may incur. Even unsuccessful claims could result in the expenditure of funds and management time and resources and could materially reduce our net income and profitability.

If counterfeit products are distributed by us, our reputation and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

We source health and wellness products from reputable brand partners. However, their measures of safeguarding against counterfeit products may not be adequate. In addition, we engage third-party warehousing and logistics service providers and third-party couriers to conduct product fulfillment, and we may not be able to detect and prevent all potential instances of misconduct or negligence committed by them or by our employees involved in the fulfillment process. If counterfeit products are distributed by us, we may suffer reputational damage. If we are deemed to have participated or assisted in infringement activities associated with counterfeit products, we may be subject to sanctions under applicable laws and regulations, which may include injunctions

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to cease infringing activities, rectification, compensation, administrative penalties and even criminal liability, depending on the gravity of such misconduct. Furthermore, counterfeit products may be defective or inferior in quality as compared to authentic products and may pose safety risks to consumers. If consumers are injured by counterfeit products distributed by us, we may be subject to lawsuits, severe administrative penalties and criminal liability. See “—We may be subject to claims under consumer protection laws, including health and safety claims and product liability claims, if property or people are harmed by the products sold on our platform.”

If we fail to effectively manage our inventory, our reputation, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

In order to operate our business effectively and meet our consumers’ demands and expectations, we must maintain a certain level of inventory to ensure prompt deliveries when required. We determine the levels of inventory we hold on the basis of our experience, assessment of consumer demand in a certain period of time and the lead time required to have the inventory in our warehouse. We forecast consumer demand by relying on many factors, including:

We use such metrics to forecast consumer demand more accurately and thereby optimize our inventory management in terms of product portfolio and volume.

However, forecasts are inherently uncertain, and demand for products can change significantly between the inventory order date and the projected sale date. In addition, the acquisition of certain types of inventory may require significant lead time and prepayment and they may not be returnable. Moreover, while we are in the process of negotiating with new suppliers to have them repurchase unsold items upon termination of agreements, we normally do not have the right to return the unsold items to our suppliers, save for in a limited range of circumstances, such as in the case of quality defects, as set out in our supply agreements.

If we overestimate demand for our products, we may be exposed to increased inventory risks due to accumulated excess inventory. Prolonged periods of excess inventory may lead to pressures on our warehousing system and fulfillment capabilities, increases in inventory holding costs and the risk of inventory obsolescence. In addition, if we fail to manage our inventory effectively, we may experience a decline in inventory values and significant inventory write-downs or write-offs due to product expiration. Moreover, we may be required to lower sale prices in order to reduce inventory levels, which may lead to lower gross margins. Conversely, if we underestimate demand for our products, or if our brand partners fail to supply quality products in a timely manner, we may experience inventory shortages, which might result in lost revenues and diminished consumer satisfaction, which could harm our business and reputation.

Any of the above may materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. As we plan to continue to expand our product offerings, we may continue to face challenges in effectively managing our inventory.

Any interruption in our product inventory or fulfillment operations may have an adverse impact on our business.

Our ability to process and fulfill orders accurately depends on the efficient operation of our fulfillment and logistics network and our ability to accurately take orders through the various platforms on which we distribute

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products and our ability to fulfill such orders. Our fulfillment and logistics infrastructure, including our warehousing facilities and transportation services, may be vulnerable to damage or interruption caused by fire, flood, power outage, telecommunications failure, break-ins, earthquake, human error, transportation disruptions and other events. If any of our fulfillment and logistics infrastructures were to be rendered incapable of operations, then we may be unable to fulfill any orders. We do not carry business interruption insurance, and the occurrence of any of the foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our third-party couriers have been unable to consistently fulfill online orders to our customers in a timely manner. We also experienced delays in getting products from our suppliers and incurred higher shipping costs in inbound and outbound shipments, all of which have had an adverse impact on our business. Although domestic logistics and transport services providers have recovered and resumed their ordinary course of business, there has been and may continue to be a significant increase in international freight costs in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had and may continue to have an impact on our fulfillment expenses. See “—Our business, financial position, liquidity and results of operations have been, and are likely to continue to be, materially and adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.”

Our results of operations are subject to fluctuations due to the seasonality of our business and other events.

We have experienced and expect to continue to experience seasonal fluctuations in our financial performance. These seasonal patterns have caused and will continue to cause fluctuations in our results of operations. Historically, we have recorded stronger performance in the fourth quarter, primarily because consumers increase their purchases during e-commerce festivals in China, such as the periods around Singles Day (which is an online sales promotion event that falls on November 11 of each year) and Double Twelves (which is another online sales promotion event that falls on December 12 of each year). In addition, we generally experience a lower level of sales activity in the first quarter due to the Lunar New Year public holiday, during which the volumes of online purchases and logistical operations drop significantly due to vacations and business closures.

In anticipation of increased sales activity prior to shopping festivals, we increase our inventory levels and incur additional expenses such as procuring additional working capital and increasing the size of our workforce on a temporary basis. If our seasonal sales patterns become more pronounced in the future, this may strain our personnel, customer service operations, fulfillment operations and shipment activities and may cause a shortfall in revenues compared to expenses in a given period. As a result, our financial results may be materially and adversely affected. In addition to increasing our own inventory levels, we also rely on our brand partners to increase their inventory levels to match projected seasonal demand. If we and our brand partners do not increase inventory levels for popular products in sufficient amounts or if we are unable to restock popular products from our brand partners in a timely manner, we may fail to fulfill customer demand. This may harm our reputation and damage the trust that consumers have in our business, which is a key part of our business model. As a result, we may experience a material and adverse effect on our financial conditions and results of operations.

Our dependence on a small number of e-commerce channels could materially and adversely affect our business or results of operations.

We depend on a small number of e-commerce channels to sell products to consumers. As a result, we derive a substantial portion of our revenues from activity on these channels. For example, in 2018, 2019 and 2020, sales on Alibaba’s Tmall platform contributed approximately 34%, 21% and 20% of our total net revenues, respectively.

If the sales on e-commerce channels in China do not grow or grow more slowly than we expect, demand for our products would be adversely affected, our revenues would be negatively impacted, and our ability to pursue

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our growth strategy would be compromised. Moreover, if the e-commerce channels that we rely on are not successful in attracting consumers or their reputations are adversely affected for any reason, we may experience reduced demand for our products.

Our business may be harmed if the e-commerce channels we rely upon decide to make significant changes to their respective business models, policies, systems or plans. Currently, large e-commerce channels influence to a certain extent terms that affect our profitability and financial condition, including the return policies we offer and the sharing of marketing expenses and payables or receivables between the e-commerce channels and us. We may not be able to negotiate such policies or agreements on terms most favorable to us in the future.

In addition, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to access such e-commerce channels in the long term. If we fail to maintain our relationships with such channels, they may decide at any time and for any reason to significantly limit our ability to integrate our solutions with their platforms. Given that online retail in China is dominated by a few large e-commerce channels, we may not be able to adapt or build new relationships on terms favorable to us with any other emerging channels.

Any of the above may adversely affect our revenue, financial condition and results of operations.

We use third-party couriers to deliver orders. If these couriers fail to provide reliable delivery services on commercially acceptable terms, our business and reputation may be materially and adversely affected.

We maintain cooperation arrangements with third-party couriers to deliver our products to our customers. We rely on a select number of third-party delivery services, for example Cainiao, the primary deliverer of cross-border sales through the Tmall platform. In 2018, 2019 and 2020, Cainiao was paid approximately 39%, 32% and 29%, respectively, of our third-party delivery fees, and the goods delivered by Cainiao accounted for approximately 19%, 11% and 13%, respectively, of our revenues in the same periods. As such, we may face adverse consequences if there are interruptions to, or failures in, these third parties’ delivery services. Such interruptions or failures could prevent the timely or proper delivery of our products to consumers, eroding consumer confidence and reducing repeat orders. These interruptions may be due to events that are beyond our control or the control of these delivery companies, such as inclement weather, natural disasters, transportation disruptions, including as a result of public health emergencies, or labor unrest. While we may claim compensation for disruptions under our standard agreements with third-party delivery services, such claims are subject to a complicated review process and we cannot provide assurance that any compensation payments would make up for the lost consumer goodwill. Also, any significant increase in delivery fees charged by these third parties may result in a significant increase in our online distribution expenses. If we fail to find other reliable third-party couriers on commercially acceptable terms, our profitability may be harmed.

In addition, if our third-party couriers fail to comply with applicable PRC rules and regulations, our delivery services may be materially and adversely affected. We may not be able to find alternative delivery companies to provide delivery services in a timely and reliable manner, or at all. Delivery of our products could also be affected or interrupted by the merger, acquisition, insolvency or government shutdown of the delivery companies we engage to make deliveries. If our products are not delivered in proper condition or on a timely basis, our reputation could suffer and we may experience a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We have adopted favorable return policies with certain customers and a higher-than-expected rate of returns could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

In certain instances, we sell the products of our brand partners to third-party e-commerce platforms, which in turn sell those products to consumers. We have adopted contractual product return policies with certain of these third-party e-commerce platforms. These return policies are generally favorable to the third-party e-commerce platforms, and provide in certain cases that products may be returned in unlimited quantities and

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without cause, albeit subject to a limited return period. If we experience a higher-than-expected rate of returns from these third-party e-commerce platforms, this may result in waste, overstock and monetary loss, which may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, we may from time to time be required to amend our existing return policies or implement new return policies pursuant to changes in applicable laws and regulations, which may lead to a larger group of customers being able to take advantage of our return policies, potentially resulting in increased costs. If our return policy is misused, we may experience significantly increased costs, which may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. If we seek to set limits on such return policies in order to reduce costs, the reaction from our customers may be negative, which may materially and adversely affect our reputation and results of operations.

Any damage to our reputation, including negative publicity against us or our brand partners, may materially and adversely affect our business operations and prospects.

We have cultivated a reputation of trustworthiness and excellence among our brand partners and our consumers. We believe that our reputation is a key reason for consumers to make purchases, and for brand partners who choose us to distribute their products and provide them with market insights and strategies. As a result, we depend on our reputation for the continued success of our business operations and for generating revenue. In the first quarter of 2021, our product sales and financial results were negatively affected by certain negative news concerning one brand product. We cannot assure you that such negative publicity will not occur or adversely affect our results of operations, or that we will be able to maintain our positive reputation in the future. Our reputation may be materially and adversely affected by many factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

Any damage to our reputation as a result of these or other factors may cause our products to be perceived unfavorably by consumers, existing or potential brand partners or the Chinese health and wellness market in general, which may materially and adversely affect our reputation, results of operations and financial position.

If our brand partners develop sophisticated knowledge of the Chinese health and wellness market, or increase their in-house e-commerce capabilities, demand for our solutions and services may be materially and adversely affected.

Our brand partners value our solutions and services because of our ability to assist with marketing their products to the Chinese health and wellness market. This ability is founded on our extensive experience in, and local knowledge of, the Chinese health and wellness market, and our technical proficiency in connecting our brand partners to end-consumers in China. If our brand partners significantly develop their local expertise and market knowledge, or choose to sell their products directly through third-party e-commerce platforms, our solutions and services may become less important or attractive to our brand partners, and demand for our solutions and services may decline. This may cause a decrease in customer retention and revenue, materially and adversely affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We may be liable for any false or misleading statements or representations made by the healthcare experts on our platforms.

We may be held liable for any false or misleading statements or representations made by the healthcare experts on our platforms. When these healthcare experts publish health management plans, respond to consumer inquiries and make health and wellness recommendations, they may make false or misleading statements or representations in relation to the suitability, effectiveness, use or potential side effects of such plans or products. These healthcare experts may also be negligent in their observations or fail to specify that their recommendation is general in nature and may not apply to the circumstances of particular consumers. We may not always have appropriate disclaimers in place on our platforms.

We may be subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time where these statements or representations are found to result in harm to our customers. These claims and legal proceedings may be expensive and time consuming to investigate and defend and may divert resources and management attention from the operation of our business. Although these claims may be unsuccessful, they may harm our reputation and reduce our ability to attract customers and users.

Changes in international trade policies and international barriers to trade, or the escalation of trade tensions, may have an adverse effect on our business and expansion plans.

Recent international trade disputes and the uncertainties created by such disputes may disrupt the transnational flow of goods and significantly undermine the stability of the global and Chinese economy, thereby harming our business.

Changes to trade policies, treaties and tariffs in the jurisdictions in which we operate, or are contemplating operating, or the perception that these changes could occur, could adversely affect the financial and economic conditions in such jurisdictions, as well as our international and cross-border operations, our financial condition and results of operations. The U.S. administration has advocated greater restrictions on trade generally, and has imposed and significantly increased tariffs on certain goods imported into the United States, particularly from China. Such trade developments could materially impact our business as certain of our brand partners are based in the United States, and thus may face increased difficulty in sourcing base ingredients for their products, or cost-effectively developing new products with restricted or more expensive base ingredients. As a result, we may face an increase in our operating costs as our suppliers raise their prices to absorb their increased costs, or an inability to meet the demands of the consumers who purchase from us, and a resulting decrease in our profits.

Increases in tariffs and the prolongation of uncertainty surrounding international trade between the United States and China could have an adverse effect on our ability to source products from certain of our United States-based partners, either at an acceptable cost or at all, to sell in China. If the products of our brand partners become subject to increased tariffs or other trade barriers, the resultant increase in cost or difficulty of importation may force us to find alternative providers of comparable products. We cannot be certain that these alternative providers would be acceptable to Chinese consumers, given that the level of trust in the brands that we supply is a primary driver of purchasing decisions made by Chinese consumers. As a result, we may experience a decrease in demand, and a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Therefore, any escalation in existing trade tensions or the advent of a trade war, or news and rumors of the escalation of a potential trade war, could affect the supply chains of participants within our ecosystem, increase their and our costs and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and, ultimately, the trading price of our ADSs.

Exchange rate fluctuations may negatively affect our results of operations.

We source our products from brand partners globally. We purchase these products primarily using U.S. dollars, and these products are ultimately sold to the Chinese domestic market, whose participants primarily

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make their purchases in Renminbi. There is ordinarily a temporal gap between the point at which we purchase products and the point at which we receive payment for the products sold. As a result, we are subject to the fluctuations of the currency exchange markets, particularly in the value of RMB to the U.S. dollar. If the value of Renminbi declines during the temporal gap relative to the U.S. dollar, we may face a lower profit margin, or in some cases a loss, on the products sold. For example, we had an exchange rate loss of US$306.7 thousand and US$393.0 thousand in 2018 and 2019, respectively. We had an exchange rate gain of US$979.1 thousand in 2020.

In addition, substantially all of our operating expenses are denominated in Renminbi, while our financial assets are denominated in U.S. dollars and a significant portion of our debt is denominated in U.S. dollars. We are a holding company and we rely on dividends paid by our operating subsidiaries in China for our cash needs. Any significant revaluation of the Renminbi may materially reduce any dividends payable on our ADSs in U.S. dollars. To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive. Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our Class A ordinary shares or ADSs or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount we would receive. As such, currency fluctuations may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding advertising may subject us to civil claims, fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

PRC advertising laws and regulations require the content of advertisements to be fair, accurate, not misleading and in full compliance with applicable laws. Pursuant to the Interim Administrative Measures for the Examination of Advertisements for Drugs, Medical Devices, Health Food and Formula Food for Special Medical Purposes, promulgated by the SAMR on December 24, 2019, the content of healthcare food advertisements must follow the registration certificate or filing certificate approved by the administration for market regulation or the registered or filed specifications. We have made efforts to ensure our advertisements and related advertising practices are in compliance with applicable regulations. However, we cannot assure you that we have fully complied with the requirements of PRC regulatory authorities or will be able to fully comply with the requirements of PRC regulatory authorities regarding advertising. If we are found in violation of applicable advertising laws and regulations, we may face serious penalties, including fines, revocation of our business licenses and discontinuance of our advertising activities. As a result, we may not be able to publish new advertisements in a timely manner, and our turnover and reputation could be materially affected. Moreover, governmental actions and civil claims may be filed against us for misleading or inaccurate advertising. We may have to spend significant resources in defending against such actions, and these actions may damage our reputation, result in reduced turnover and negatively affect our results of operations.

We may not be able to conduct our marketing activities effectively, properly or at reasonable costs.

We conduct a variety of marketing and brand promotion efforts designed to enhance our brand recognition and increase sales of our products. However, our brand promotion and marketing activities may not be well received and may not result in the levels of sales that we anticipate. Additionally, marketing approaches and tools in the Chinese health and wellness market are continually evolving, which may further require us to experiment with new marketing methods to keep pace with industry developments. Failure to refine our existing marketing approaches or to introduce new marketing approaches in a cost-effective manner may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to limitations in promoting our products, which may have an impact on our business operations.

We are subject to certain limitations in promoting products. The healthcare experts we work with and other relevant parties in the provision of our health and wellness content may have to comply with rules and

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regulations that restrict the promotion or dissemination of certain healthcare-related information, such as information on the professional healthcare services and practice provided by licensed medical practitioners. Such restrictions may affect our ability to further enhance our brand recognition or secure new business opportunities in the future.

There can be no assurance that our existing practices of monitoring our content dissemination process and publication would continue to be effective and would comply fully with laws and regulations. Should there be any change in the relevant rules and regulations, or change of interpretation thereof, we, the healthcare experts we work with and other relevant third parties may be regarded as breaching the relevant rules and regulations and may be subject to regulatory penalties or disciplinary actions, which may materially and adversely affect our business and reputation.

Our own information technology systems and infrastructure could fail or be subject to disruption.

Our platform depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer and communications systems. Substantially all of our computer hardware and our cloud computing services are currently located in China. In addition, we retain substantial quantities of data related to transactions, consumer information and other data that enables the operation and management of online stores. Although we have prepared for contingencies through redundancy measures and disaster recovery plans, such preparation may not be sufficient and we do not carry business interruption insurance.

Despite any precautions we take, the occurrence of a natural disaster, such as an earthquake, flood or wildfire, or other unanticipated problems at our facilities in China, including power outages, telecommunications delays or failures, break-ins to our systems or computer viruses, could result in delays or interruptions to our website or other portions of our platform, loss of data and significant business interruption. Any of these events could damage our reputation, significantly disrupt our operations and subject us to liability, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Security breaches and attacks against our systems and network, and any potentially resulting breach or failure to otherwise protect confidential and proprietary information could adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business generates and processes a large amount of data, and the improper use or disclosure of such data could harm our reputation as well as have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.

Our business collects and processes a large quantity of personal, transaction and behavioral data. We face risks in the handling and securing of these large volumes of data. In particular, we face a number of challenges relating to data from transactions and other activities on our platform, including:

Any systems failure or security breach or lapse that results in the release of user data could harm our reputation and brand and, consequently, our business, in addition to exposing us to potential legal liability.

As we expand our operations, we may be subject to additional laws in other jurisdictions where our brand partners, consumers and other participants are located. The laws, rules and regulations of other jurisdictions may

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impose requirements and penalties that are more stringent than, or conflict with, those under PRC law, compliance with which could require significant resources and costs. Our privacy policies and practices concerning the collection, use and disclosure of user data are located on our websites. Any failure, actual or perceived, by us to comply with our posted privacy policies or with any regulatory requirements or privacy protection-related laws, rules and regulations could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others. These proceedings or actions may subject us to significant penalties and negative publicity and require us to change our business practices. Any such occurrence could increase our costs and materially and adversely affect our reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

If the contents we distribute or the online interaction we offer are deemed by the relevant authorities in China to be in the nature of medical rather than non-medical, we may be subject to additional regulations and incur substantial compliance cost, and our business prospects, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

The distribution of medical information and medical advertisements are subject to PRC regulations. Any website operator that provides medical information services must obtain certain licenses and approvals by relevant authorities before engaging in such businesses in China. We believe it is improbable for PRC governmental authorities to deem the contents distributed by us to be medical information or medical advertisements, and we have not been subject to any regulatory authority’s inquiries or investigations in connection with the content displayed on our platforms. However, if certain information displayed on the online stores that we operate or otherwise distributed by us is considered medical information or medical advertisement by relevant authorities, it will subject us to additional regulations. As a non-medical health and wellness integrated solution provider, we do not possess the required licenses or approvals. Consequently, if required by relevant authorities, we may need to scale back, rearrange or alter the content or information displayed on our platforms.

In addition, online medical consultation in China requires medical service providers to be associated with approved physical hospitals and such providers to obtain regulatory approvals and licenses. We have not yet acquired or established a hospital, and thus are not licensed to provide online medical consultation. If certain consultation services offered by us are considered online medical consultation by relevant authorities, such services may be suspended until we acquire or establish our own hospital and obtain necessary approvals and licenses.

Therefore, if the contents we distribute or the online interaction we offer is deemed to be in the nature of medical, our business model may be affected, and substantial compliance costs may be incurred. As a result, our business prospects, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

The successful operation of our business depends upon the performance and reliability of the Internet and telecommunications infrastructures in China.

Our business depends on the reliable performance of the Internet and telecommunications infrastructures in China. Almost all access to the Internet is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China. In addition, the national networks in China are connected to the Internet through state-owned international gateways, which are the only channels through which a domestic user can connect to the Internet outside China. We may not have access to equivalent or sufficient alternative networks in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with China’s Internet infrastructure. As this vital infrastructure is state-owned, we are subject to governmental policy which may disrupt supply, and may have fewer avenues of recourse to remedy any losses caused by disruption pursuant to governmental policy. In addition, the Internet infrastructure in China might not support the demands associated with continued growth in Internet usage.

The failure of telecommunications network operators to provide us with the requisite bandwidth could also interfere with the speed and availability of our websites. We have no control over the costs of the services

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provided by the national telecommunications operators. If the cost of telecommunications and Internet services rises significantly, or if the telecommunication network in China is disrupted or fails, our gross margins could be adversely affected. Technical limitations on Internet use could also be developed or implemented. For example, restrictions could be implemented on personal Internet use in the workplace in general or access to our platform in particular. This could lead to a reduction of consumer activity or a loss of consumers altogether, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. In addition, if Internet access fees or other charges to Internet users increase, our user traffic might decrease, which in turn could significantly decrease our revenues and have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

A severe or prolonged downturn in the global or Chinese economy could materially and adversely affect our business and our financial condition.

The global macroeconomic environment is facing challenges, including, amongst other things:

Our business and operations are primarily based in China and substantially all of our revenues are derived directly and indirectly from our operations in China. Accordingly, our financial results have been, and are expected to continue to be, affected by the economy in general and the health and wellness market in China in particular. Although the economy in China has grown significantly in the past decades, it is still facing difficulties and has experienced inconsistent growth in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and is expected to continue to have, an adverse impact on general economic conditions in China.

Economic conditions in China are sensitive to the global economic conditions described above, the ultimate duration and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in domestic economic and political circumstances and the expected or perceived overall economic growth rate in China. Any prolonged slowdown in the global or Chinese economy may have an adverse impact on the levels of disposable income of Chinese consumers, and impede the growth of the rising Chinese middle class. As a result, demand for our products, which is strongly driven by members of the Chinese middle class, may be negatively affected. Such a decrease in demand may have a material and adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may be the subject of anti-competitive, harassing or other detrimental conduct by third parties, including complaints to regulatory agencies, negative blog postings, and the public dissemination of malicious assessments of our business that could harm our reputation and cause us to lose customers and revenues and materially and adversely affect the price of our ADSs.

We may be the target of anti-competitive, harassing or other detrimental conduct by third parties. Such conduct includes complaints, anonymous or otherwise, to regulatory agencies. We may be subject to government or regulatory investigation as a result of such third-party conduct and may be required to expend significant time and incur substantial costs to address such third-party conduct, and there is no assurance that we will be able to conclusively refute each of the allegations within a reasonable period of time, or at all. Additionally, allegations, directly or indirectly against us, may be posted in Internet chat rooms or on blogs or websites by anyone, whether or not associated with us, on an anonymous basis. Consumers value readily available information concerning retailers, manufacturers, and their goods and services and often act on such information without further investigation or authentication and without regard to its accuracy. The availability of information on social media platforms and devices is virtually immediate, as is its impact. Social media platforms and devices immediately publish the content their subscribers and participants post, often without filters or checks on the accuracy of the content posted. Information posted may be inaccurate and adverse to us, and it may harm our financial

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performance, prospects or business. The harm may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction. Our reputation may be negatively affected as a result of the public dissemination of anonymous allegations or malicious statements about our business, which in turn may cause us to lose market share, customers and revenues and adversely affect the price of our ADSs.

Our business may be materially and adversely affected by adverse news, scandals or other incidents associated with the general health and wellness industry.

Incidents that inspire doubt as to the quality or safety of health and wellness products manufactured, distributed or sold by other participants in the general health and wellness industry in China or around the world, particularly those who primarily operate in the e-commerce space, have been, and may continue to be, subject to widespread media attention. Such incidents may damage the reputation of not only the parties involved, but also the health and wellness industry in general, even if such parties or incidents have no relation to us, our management, our employees, our brand partners, our platform or the third-party e-commerce websites through which we also market products. There may also be a decrease in consumer demand for healthcare-related products if these negative incidents diminish the trust of consumers in the Chinese health and wellness market. Such negative publicity, and any resultant decrease in demand for our products and services, may adversely affect our reputation and business operations. In addition, incidents not related to product quality or safety, or other negative publicity or scandals implicating us or our employees, regardless of merit, may also have an adverse impact on our reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights.

We rely on a combination of trademark, fair trade practice, patent, copyright and trade secret protection laws in China and other jurisdictions in which we hold intellectual property rights, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions with employees, suppliers and third parties, to protect our intellectual property rights.

Intellectual property protection may not be sufficient in China or in the other jurisdictions in which we hold intellectual property. Confidentiality agreements may be breached by counterparties, and there may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach. Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights or to enforce our contractual rights in China or elsewhere. In addition, policing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult, time-consuming and costly, and the steps we have taken may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. If we resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managerial and financial resources. We can provide no assurance that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become available to, or be independently discovered by, our competitors. Any failure in protecting or enforcing our intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be accused of infringing intellectual property rights of third parties and content restrictions of relevant laws.

Third parties may claim that the technology used in the operation of our platforms infringes upon their intellectual property rights. Although we have not previously faced material litigation involving direct claims of infringement by us, the possibility of intellectual property claims against us increases as we expand. Such claims, whether meritorious or not, may result in injunctions against us, payment of damages and expenditure of significant financial and management resources. If we are found to have infringed the intellectual property rights of third parties in the future, we may need to obtain licenses to continue to operate our platforms and such licenses may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. These risks are amplified by the increase in the number of third parties whose sole or primary business is to assert such claims.

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We may from time to time become party to litigation, other legal or administrative disputes and proceedings that may materially and adversely affect us.

In the course of our ordinary business operations, we may become a party to litigation, legal proceedings, claims, disputes or arbitration proceedings from time to time. For example, in March 2016, we entered into a cooperation framework agreement to establish a joint venture with Shanghai Heng Shou Tang Health Food Co. Ltd., Shanghai Heng Shou Tang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Mr. Wei Song, or our joint venture partners. As part of the agreement, Shanghai Heng Shou Tang Health Food Co. Ltd. and Shanghai Heng Shou Tang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. agreed to contribute their ownership in a number of trademarks to the joint venture. However, only a portion of such trademarks were transferred to us. In October 2018, we filed a civil claim against the joint venture partners in the Shanghai Xuhui People’s Court to enforce the transfer of the remaining trademarks, claim damages in the amount of RMB7.19 million (US$1.05 million) and request that Shanghai Heng Shou Tang Health Food Co. Ltd. and Shanghai Heng Shou Tang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. be enjoined from using the brand name “Heng Shou Tang” in all categories. In January 2019, the joint venture partners filed a counterclaim to rescind the agreement and allege damages in the amount of RMB3.25 million (US$472.7 thousand). In July 2019, the Shanghai Xuhui People’s Court ruled that we shall pay damages in the amount of RMB3.25 million (US$472.7 thousand) to the joint venture partners for breaching our contractual obligation to contribute capital to our joint venture, and that the joint venture partners shall continue to perform their contractual obligations by transferring the remaining trademarks to the joint venture and cease to use the brand name “Heng Shou Tang” in all categories Both we and our joint venture partners filed appeals with the Shanghai First Intermediate People’s Court. In November 2019, the Shanghai First Intermediate People’s Court delivered its judgment, which provides, amongst other matters, that we shall not pay damages to our joint venture partners and our joint venture partners shall continue to perform their contractual obligations by transferring the remaining trademarks to our joint venture.

Were any proceedings, claims, disputes or arbitration to arise, these may distract our senior management’s attention and consume our time and other resources. In addition, even if we ultimately succeed in such proceedings, there may be negative publicity created in the course of or surrounding that proceeding, which may materially and adversely affect our reputation. Any settlement or adverse determination may subject us to significant monetary damages or liabilities or suspend or terminate parts of our operations. As a result, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

Future strategic alliances, acquisitions or divestments may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We regularly examine a range of corporate opportunities, including acquisitions and divestments, with a view to determining whether such opportunities will enhance our strategic position and financial performance. We plan to expand our business both geographically and in terms of the products and services that we offer to our customers and brand partners. In pursuit of this strategy, we may enter into strategic alliances, including joint ventures or equity investments, with various third parties to further our business purpose from time to time. For example, on July 23, 2020, we entered into an investment agreement with Anze Premium Health and Beauty Pte. Ltd., or Anze, a company involved in the research and development of Chinese herbal medicine-based health and wellness products. We are committed to paying Anze up to US$30 million, comprising of up to US$15 million for an equity interest in Anze and up to US$15 million for zero coupon notes issued by Anze. As of December 31, 2020, we made investment of US$5.9 million in Anze, representing 11.7% of its equity interest. These alliances could subject us to a number of risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance by a third party and increased expenses in establishing new strategic alliances, any of which may materially and adversely affect our business. We may have limited ability to monitor or control the actions of these third parties and, to the extent any of these strategic third parties suffers negative publicity or harm to their reputation from events relating to their business, we may also suffer negative publicity or harm to our reputation by virtue of our association with any such third party.

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In addition, when appropriate opportunities arise, we may acquire additional assets, products, technologies or businesses that are complementary to our existing business or we may divest certain of our assets. In addition to possible shareholder approval, any proposed acquisition may also require us to obtain approvals and licenses from relevant governmental authorities and to comply with any applicable PRC laws and regulations, which could result in increased delay and costs, and may derail our business strategy if we fail to do so. Any international operations that we absorb as part of any acquisitions may give rise to risks and challenges that could adversely affect our business, such as compliance with international legal and regulatory requirements, further management of fluctuations in currency exchange rates or competition from local incumbents with superior local market knowledge and competitive advantages. Moreover, we cannot be certain that any international expansion efforts can be completed as planned or achieve the intended results, or that any negative results from acquired interests would not affect our business as a whole. Any separation of a divested asset may be complex and costly, and may include separating relevant accounting and data processing systems and management controls, as well as managing relevant relationships with employees, customers, regulators, counterparties, suppliers and other business partners.

Furthermore, past and future acquisitions or divestments and the subsequent integration or separation of new assets and businesses require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business operations. Acquired assets or businesses may not generate the financial results we expect. Acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the occurrence of significant goodwill impairment charges, amortization expenses for other intangible assets and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant. Furthermore, our equity investees may generate significant losses, a portion of which will be shared by us in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Any such negative developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Increases in labor costs in China may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The Chinese economy has been experiencing increases in inflation and labor costs in recent years. As a result, average wages in China are expected to continue to grow. In addition, various PRC laws and regulations designed to enhance labor protection require us to pay certain statutory employee benefits, including pensions, housing funds, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance to designated government agencies for the benefit of our employees. The relevant government agencies may examine whether an employer has made adequate payments of the requisite statutory employee benefits, and those employers who fail to make adequate payments could be subject to late payment fees, fines and/or other penalties. As the interpretation and implementation of these laws and regulations are still evolving, our employment practices may not at all times be deemed to be in compliance with the applicable laws and regulations. If the relevant authorities determine that we should make supplemental social insurance and housing fund contributions and that we are subject to fines and legal sanctions, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Furthermore, the Labor Contract Law has reinforced the protection of employees who, under the Labor Contract Law, have the right, among others, to have written employment contracts, to enter into employment contracts with no fixed term under certain circumstances, to receive overtime wages and to terminate or alter terms in labor contracts under certain circumstances. The Labor Contract Law sets forth additional restrictions and increases the costs involved with dismissing employees. There can be no assurance that our employment practices will at all times be in full compliance, and we could be subject to penalties or incur significant liabilities in connection with labor disputes or investigations. We expect that our labor costs, including wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase. Unless we are able to pass on these increased labor costs to our customers by increasing the prices of our products and services, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal controls, our ability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis could be impaired.

As a result of our initial public offering in 2019, we have become subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting. Commencing with our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, we must perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal controls over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting in our Form 20-F filing for that year, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, when we cease to be an “emerging growth company” as the term is defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. This will require that we incur substantial additional professional fees and internal costs to expand our accounting and finance functions and that we expend significant management efforts. We may experience difficulty in meeting these reporting requirements in a timely manner.

In the course of preparing and auditing our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, we and our former independent registered public accounting firm identified one material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. In accordance with U.S. GAAP and financial reporting requirements set forth by the SEC, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our company’s annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness, which was first identified in the course of preparing our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, relates to our lack of sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements to formalize key controls over financial reporting and to prepare consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. To remedy this identified material weakness, we have started to undertake steps to strengthen our internal control over financial reporting, including: (1) implementing regular and continuous U.S. GAAP accounting and financial reporting training programs for our accounting and financial reporting personnel; (2) establishing effective oversight and clarifying reporting requirements for non-recurring and complex transactions to ensure consolidated financial statements and related disclosures are accurate, complete and in compliance with SEC reporting requirements; and (3) preparing comprehensive accounting policies, manuals and closing procedures to improve the quality and accuracy of our period-end financial closing process. We also plan to hire more qualified personnel equipped with relevant U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting experience and qualifications to strengthen the financial reporting function. However, these measures have not been fully implemented, and we concluded that the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting had not been fully remediated as of December 31, 2020. We will continue to implement measures to remediate the material weakness.

In the course of preparing and auditing our consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2020, pursuant to new information technology methodology, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified one additional material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 relating to the information technology general control, in the areas of system security, and access and separation of duties. Following the identification of the material weakness, we plan to take measures to remedy our information technology general control. For details, see “Item 15. Controls and Procedures—Internal Control Over Financial Reporting,” of the 2020 annual report, which is incorporated by reference to this prospectus supplement. However, we cannot assure you that all these measures will be sufficient

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to remediate our material weakness in time, or at all. Neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm undertook a comprehensive assessment of our internal control under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for purposes of identifying and reporting any weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. Had we performed a formal assessment of our internal control over financial reporting or had our independent registered public accounting firm performed an audit of our internal control over financial reporting, additional control weaknesses may have been identified.

In addition, our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected.

An occurrence of a natural disaster, pandemic or other events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, wildfires or floods or other events, such as pandemics, wars, acts of terrorism, states of emergency, environmental accidents, power shortages, labor unrest or communication interruptions. The occurrence of such an event in China or elsewhere could materially disrupt our business and operations. Such events could also cause a temporary closure of the facilities we use for our operations, which would severely disrupt our operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our operations could be disrupted if any of our employees were suspected of having any of the epidemic illnesses, since this could require us to quarantine some or all of such employees or disinfect the facilities used for our operations. In addition, our revenue and profitability could be materially reduced to the extent that a natural disaster or other outbreak harms the global or Chinese economy in general. Our operations could also be severely disrupted if our users or other participants were affected by such natural disasters, pandemics or other events.

For example, the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated business uncertainty and volatility has had an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “—Our business, financial position, liquidity and results of operations have been, and are likely to continue to be, materially and adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.”

We may not have sufficient insurance coverage.

We have obtained insurance to cover certain potential risks and liabilities, such as property damage. However, insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products. As a result, we may not be able to acquire any insurance for certain types of risks such as business liability or service disruption insurance for our operations in China, and our coverage may not be adequate to compensate for all losses that may occur, particularly with respect to loss of business or operations. We do not maintain business interruption insurance or product liability insurance, nor do we maintain key-man life insurance. This could leave us exposed to potential claims and losses. Any business disruption, litigation, regulatory action, outbreak of epidemic disease or natural disaster could also expose us to substantial costs and diversion of resources. We cannot assure you that our insurance coverage is sufficient to prevent us from any loss or that we will be able to successfully claim our losses under our current insurance policy on a timely basis, or at all. If we incur any loss that is not covered by our insurance policies, or the compensated amount is significantly less than our actual loss, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Failure to renew our current leases or locate desirable alternatives for our leased properties could materially and adversely affect our business.

We lease properties for our offices and the warehousing facilities that we operate. We may not be able to successfully extend or renew such leases upon expiration of the current term on commercially reasonable terms,

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or at all, and may therefore be forced to relocate our affected operations. This could disrupt our operations and result in significant relocation expenses, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, we compete with other businesses for premises at certain locations or of desirable sizes. As a result, even though we could extend or renew our leases, rental payments may significantly increase as a result of the high demand for the leased properties. Moreover, we may not be able to locate desirable alternative sites for our current leased properties as our business continues to grow and failure in relocating our affected operations could adversely affect our business and operations.

Certain of our leasehold interests in leased properties have not been registered with the relevant PRC governmental authorities as required by relevant PRC laws and some of our leased properties have title defects.

We have not registered certain of our lease agreements with the relevant governmental authorities. Under the relevant PRC laws and regulations, we may be required to register and file with the relevant governmental authority executed leases. The failure to register the lease agreements for our leased properties will not affect the validity of these lease agreements, but the competent housing authorities may order us to register the lease agreements in a prescribed period of time and impose a fine ranging from RMB1,000 (US$153) to RMB10,000 (US$1,533) for each non-registered lease if we fail to complete the registration within the prescribed timeframe.

In addition, the actual use of some of our leased properties was inconsistent with the planned use on the property ownership certificates. If relevant governmental authorities require the lessor to correct such inconsistency or request land resumption, we may be unable to continue to lease such properties and as a result we may be forced to relocate the properties and incur additional expenses relating to such relocation. If we fail to find suitable replacement sites in a timely manner or on terms acceptable to us, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

The custodians or authorized users of our controlling non-tangible assets, including chops and seals, may fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets.

Under the PRC law, legal documents for corporate transactions, including agreements and contracts are executed using the chop or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with relevant PRC market regulation administrative authorities.

In order to secure the use of our chops and seals, we have established internal control procedures and rules for using these chops and seals. In any event that the chops and seals are intended to be used, the responsible personnel will submit a formal application, which will be verified and approved by authorized employees in accordance with our internal control procedures and rules. In addition, in order to maintain the physical security of our chops, we generally have them stored in secured locations accessible only to authorized employees. Although we monitor such authorized employees, the procedures may not be sufficient to prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. There is a risk that our employees could abuse their authority, for example, by entering into a contract not approved by us or seeking to gain control of one of our subsidiaries or our affiliated entities or their subsidiaries. If any employee obtains, misuses or misappropriates our chops and seals or other controlling non-tangible assets for whatever reason, we could experience disruption to our normal business operations. We may have to take corporate or legal action, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve and divert management from our operations, and we may not be able to recover our loss due to such misuse or misappropriation if the third party relies on the apparent authority of such employees and acts in good faith.

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Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the operating structure for some of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.

Under current PRC laws and regulations, foreign investors are generally not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunications services provider (subject to several exceptions) and any such foreign investor must have experience in providing value-added telecommunications services overseas and maintain a good track record.

We are a Cayman Islands holding company and our PRC subsidiaries are considered foreign-invested enterprises, directly or indirectly. Accordingly, none of these PRC subsidiaries is eligible to provide value-added telecommunications services in China. We do not currently provide value-added telecommunications services because our sales of goods purchased by us does not constitute providing value-added telecommunications services. Our VIE, Shanghai Yibo, however, holds an ICP license and may develop e-commerce platforms for other trading parties.

We entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Shanghai Yibo and its shareholders, which enable us to:

Because of these contractual arrangements, we are the primary beneficiary of Shanghai Yibo and hence consolidate its financial results as our VIE. As of the date of this prospectus supplement, we do not generate revenues from our VIE.

In the opinion of Commerce & Finance Law Offices, our PRC counsel, the ownership structure of our VIE, currently does not result in any violation of the applicable PRC laws or regulations currently in effect; and the agreements under the contractual arrangements among ECMOHO Shanghai, our VIE and VIE’s shareholders, are governed by PRC laws or regulations, and are currently valid and binding upon each party to such agreements and enforceable against each party thereto in accordance with their terms and the applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect.

However, our PRC counsel also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules and there can be no assurance that the PRC government will ultimately take a view that is consistent with the opinion of our PRC counsel. If the PRC government finds the agreements that establish our Internet-based business do not comply with PRC government restrictions on foreign investment in the aforesaid business we engage in, we could be subject to severe penalties, including being prohibited from continuing operations.

If we or our VIE is found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fails to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures, including:

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The imposition of any of these penalties would result in a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business. In addition, it is unclear what impact the PRC government actions would have on us and on our ability to consolidate the financial results of our VIE in our consolidated financial statements, if the PRC governmental authorities were to find our legal structure and contractual arrangements to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations. If the imposition of any of these government actions causes us to lose our right to direct the activities of our VIE or our right to receive substantially all the economic benefits and residual returns from our VIE and we are not able to restructure our ownership structure and operations in a satisfactory manner, we would no longer be able to consolidate the financial results of our VIE in our consolidated financial statements. Either of these results, or any other significant penalties that might be imposed on us in this event, would have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Any failure by our VIE or its shareholders to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material adverse effect on our business.

Although substantially all of our revenues are generated by our PRC and Hong Kong subsidiaries, and substantially all of our assets are held by our PRC and Hong Kong subsidiaries, we have relied and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with Shanghai Yibo and its shareholders to hold our ICP licenses, to enable us to manage value-added telecommunication businesses. These contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over our VIE.

If our VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages. We cannot assure you such remedies will be effective. For example, if the shareholders of our VIE were to refuse to transfer their equity interest in our VIE to us or our designee when we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they were otherwise to act in bad faith toward us, we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations.

All the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in China is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. See “—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.” Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a VIE should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law, and as a result it may be difficult to predict how an arbitration panel would view such contractual arrangements. As a result, uncertainties in China legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Additionally, under PRC law, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay.

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In the event we are unable to enforce our contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over our VIE or to conduct the relevant businesses. As a result, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects would be adversely affected.

We may lose the ability to use assets held by our VIE and its subsidiaries that are material to our business operations if our VIE winds up or becomes subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.

Our VIE and its subsidiaries hold certain assets that are important to our operations, including the ICP license held by our VIE, other permits, domain names and IP rights, among others. Under our contractual arrangements with Shanghai Yibo and its shareholders, the shareholders of Shanghai Yibo may not voluntarily liquidate Shanghai Yibo or approve it to sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose of their assets or legal or beneficial interests exceeding certain threshold in the business in any manner without our prior consent. However, in the event that the shareholders of Shanghai Yibo breach this obligation and voluntarily liquidate Shanghai Yibo, or Shanghai Yibo winds up its operations, or all or part of its assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors, we may be unable to continue some or all of our operations, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, if Shanghai Yibo undergoes an involuntary liquidation proceeding, third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of its assets and we may not have priority against such third-party creditors on the assets of Shanghai Yibo.

The shareholders of our VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

The shareholders of our VIE, Ms. Zoe Wang and Mr. Leo Zeng, may have potential conflicts of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or cause our VIE to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and our VIE, which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to effectively control our VIE and receive substantially all the economic benefits from them. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with our VIE to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise, any or all of these shareholders will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor.

We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, which may result in public investors having less protection than they would if we were not a controlled company.

Our co-founders, Ms. Zoe Wang, who serves as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Mr. Leo Zeng, who serves as our Chief Operating Officer, collectively hold 87.4% of the total voting rights in our company as of the date of this prospectus supplement, and we are, and expect to continue to be, a “controlled company” as defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. As a controlled company, we rely on certain exemptions that are available to controlled companies from the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements. Examples of the requirements from which we are exempt include the requirements that: the majority of our board of directors consists of independent directors; our compensation committee be composed entirely of independent directors; and our corporate governance and nominating committee be composed entirely of independent directors.

We are not required to and do not voluntarily meet these requirements. As a result of our use of the “controlled company” exemption, our investors do not have the same protection as they would if we were not a controlled company.

In addition, Ms. Wang and Mr. Zeng have decisive influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to the shareholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. Without the consent of Ms. Wang and Mr. Zeng, we may be prevented from entering into transactions that could be beneficial to us. The interests of Ms. Wang and Mr. Zeng may differ from the interests of our other shareholders.

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PRC regulations of loans to PRC entities and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our public offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our majority owned subsidiary, Shanghai ECMOHO Health Biotechnology Co. Limited, or ECMOHO Shanghai.

We may transfer funds to our majority owned subsidiary, Shanghai ECMOHO Health Biotechnology Co. Limited, or ECMOHO Shanghai, or finance ECMOHO Shanghai by means of shareholder loans or capital contributions. Any such loans to ECMOHO Shanghai, which is a foreign-invested enterprise, cannot exceed statutory limits, which is the cross-border financing risk weighted balance calculated based on a special formula or the difference between the registered capital and the total investment amount of such subsidiary, and shall be registered with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or the SAFE, or its local counterparts. We may not be able to obtain these government registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all. If we fail to receive such registrations or approvals, our ability to provide loans or capital contributions to ECMOHO Shanghai in a timely manner may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

SAFE promulgated the Notice on Reforming the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprise, or SAFE Circular 19, effective in June 2015, which launched a nationwide reform of the administration of the foreign exchange settlement of the capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or FIEs, and allows FIEs to convert their foreign currency capital contribution into Renminbi funds at their discretion, but continues to prohibit FIEs from using the Renminbi funds converted from their foreign currency capital contribution for expenditure beyond their business scopes, providing entrusted loans or repaying loans between nonfinancial enterprises. SAFE promulgated the Circular on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Management of the Settlement of Foreign Exchange of Capital Account, or the SAFE Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in SAFE Circular 19, and also prohibits FIEs from using such Renminbi funds to provide loans to persons other than affiliates unless otherwise permitted under its business scope. Violations of these Circulars could result in severe monetary or other penalties. SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to use Renminbi converted from the net proceeds of our public offering, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

On October 23, 2019, the SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Promoting the Convenience of Cross-border Trade and Investment, or the SAFE Circular 28, which, among other things, allows all foreign-invested companies to use Renminbi converted from foreign currency-denominated capital for equity investments in China, as long as the equity investment is genuine, does not violate applicable laws, and complies with the negative list on foreign investment. However, since the SAFE Circular 28 is newly promulgated, it is unclear how SAFE and competent banks will carry this out in practice.

In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries or with respect to future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we received from this offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

Contractual arrangements in relation to our VIE may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or our VIE owes additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.

Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements among ECMOHO Shanghai, Shanghai Yibo and

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the shareholders of Shanghai Yibo were not entered into on an arm’s-length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust Shanghai Yibo’s income in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by Shanghai Yibo for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase their tax liabilities. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose punitive interest on Shanghai Yibo for the adjusted but unpaid taxes at the rate of 5% over the basic RMB lending rate published by the People’s Bank of China for a period according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if our VIE’s tax liabilities increase or if it is required to pay punitive interest.

Our current corporate structure and business operations may be affected by the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law.

On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress promulgated the Foreign Investment Law, which became effective on January 1, 2020 and replaced the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Foreign Owned Enterprise Law as the legal basis for foreign investment in China. The Foreign Investment Law stipulates three forms of foreign investment, which do not include contractual arrangements. Notwithstanding the above, the Foreign Investment Law provides that a foreign investment includes foreign investors investing in China through “any other methods” under laws, administrative regulations or provisions prescribed by the State Council. It is possible that future laws, administrative regulations or provisions prescribed by the State Council may regard contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, at which time it will be uncertain whether contractual arrangements will be deemed to be in violation of the foreign investment access requirements and how such arrangements will be treated by relevant PRC authorities. There is no guarantee that the contractual arrangements in relation to our VIE and our business will not be materially and adversely affected in the future due to changes in PRC laws and regulations. If future laws, administrative regulations or provisions prescribed by the State Council mandate further actions by companies with existing contractual arrangements, we may face substantial uncertainties as to the timely completion of such actions. In those cases, we may be required to unwind the contractual arrangements and/or dispose of our VIE, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and result of operations.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

The tension in international trade and rising political tension, particularly between the United States and China, may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Although cross-border business and overseas expansion may not be an area of our current focus, if we plan to expand our business internationally in the future, any unfavorable government policies on international trade, such as capital controls or tariffs, may affect the demand for our products and services, impact our competitive position, or prevent us from being able to conduct business in certain countries. If any new tariffs, legislation, or regulations are implemented, or if existing trade agreements are renegotiated, such changes could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Recently, there have been heightened tensions in international economic relations, such as the one between the United States and China. The U.S. government has recently imposed, and has recently proposed to impose additional, new, or higher tariffs on certain products imported from China to penalize China for what it characterizes as unfair trade practices. China has responded by imposing, and proposing to impose additional, new, or higher tariffs on certain products imported from the United States. Following mutual retaliatory actions for months, on January 15, 2020, the United States and China entered into the Economic and Trade Agreement Between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China as a phase one trade deal, effective on February 14, 2020.

Although the direct impact of the current international trade tension, and any escalation of such tension, on the e-commerce and health and wellness industries in China is uncertain, the negative impact on general, economic, political and social conditions may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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In addition, political tensions between the United States and China have escalated due to, among other things, trade disputes, the COVID-19 outbreak, sanctions imposed by the U.S. Department of Treasury on certain officials of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the central government of the PRC and the executive orders issued by the former U.S. President Donald J. Trump in August 2020 that prohibit certain transactions with certain Chinese companies and their applications. Rising political tensions could reduce levels of trades, investments, technological exchanges and other economic activities between the two major economies, which would have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Recent joint statement by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or the PCAOB, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, the newly enacted Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. These developments could add uncertainties to the trading of our ADSs on U.S. stock exchanges.

On April 21, 2020, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton and PCAOB Chairman William D. Duhnke III, along with other senior SEC staff, released a joint statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in companies based in or have substantial operations in emerging markets including China. The joint statement emphasized the risks associated with lack of access for the PCAOB to inspect auditors and audit work papers in China and higher risks of fraud in emerging markets.

On May 18, 2020, Nasdaq filed three proposals with the SEC to (1) apply minimum offering size requirement for companies primarily operating in “Restrictive Market,” (2) adopt a new requirement relating to the qualification of management or board of director for Restrictive Market companies, and (3) apply additional and more stringent criteria to an applicant or listed company based on the qualifications of the company’s auditor.

On June 4, 2020, the U.S. President issued a memorandum ordering the President’s working group on financial markets to submit a report to the President within 60 days of the date of the memorandum that should include recommendations for actions that can be taken by the executive branch and by the SEC or PCAOB to enforce U.S. regulatory requirements on Chinese companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges and their audit firms. However, it remains unclear what further actions, if any, the U.S. executive branch, the SEC, and PCAOB will take to address the problem.

On August 6, 2020, the President’s working group released a report recommending that the SEC take steps to implement the five recommendations outlined in the report. In particular, to address companies from jurisdictions that do not provide the PCAOB with sufficient access to fulfill its statutory mandate, the President’s working group recommended enhanced listing standards on U.S. stock exchanges. This would require, as a condition to initial and continued exchange listing, PCAOB access to work papers of the principal audit firm for the audit of the listed company. Companies unable to satisfy this standard as a result of governmental restrictions on access to audit work papers and practices in their jurisdiction may satisfy this standard by providing a co-audit from an audit firm with comparable resources and experience where the PCAOB determines it has sufficient access to audit work papers and practices to conduct an appropriate inspection of the co-audit firm. The report permits the new listing standards to provide for a transition period until January 1, 2022 for listed companies, but would apply immediately to new listings once the necessary rulemakings and/or standard-setting are effective.

On August 10, 2020, the SEC announced that the SEC Chairman had directed the SEC staff to prepare proposals in response to the report of the President’s working group, and that the SEC was soliciting public comments and information with respect to the development of these proposals.

On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the Act. The Act was approved by the U.S. House of Representatives on December 2, 2020. On December 18, 2020, the Act

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was signed into public law by the President of the United States. In essence, the Act requires the SEC to prohibit foreign companies from listing securities on U.S. securities exchanges if a company retains a foreign accounting firm that cannot be inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, beginning in 2021. On March 24, 2021, SEC announced that it had adopted interim final amendments to implement congressionally mandated submission and disclosure requirements of the Act. The interim final amendments will apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report on Forms 10-K, 20-F, 40-F or N-CSR with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in that jurisdiction.

The enactment of the Act and any additional actions, proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investors uncertainty for affected issuers and the market price of our ADSs could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and our auditor are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement.

The lack of access to the PCAOB inspection in China prevents the PCAOB from fully evaluating audits and quality control procedures of the auditors based in China. As a result, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such PC AOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections.

Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included the 2020 annual report, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States, pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is headquartered in Manhattan, New York, and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis with the last inspection in June 2018 and an ongoing inspection that started in October 2020. However, the recent developments would add uncertainties to the trading of our ADSs on U.S. stock exchanges, and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach, or experience as it relates to our audit.

Changes in the political and economic policies of the PRC government may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to sustain our growth and expansion strategies.

Most of our operations are conducted in China, and substantially all of our revenue is sourced from China. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations are affected to a significant extent by economic, political and legal developments in China.

The PRC economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the extent of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the PRC government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, regulating financial services and institutions and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. For example, on July 24, 2021, China’s official state media, including Xinhua News Agency and China Central Television, announced a broad set of reforms targeting private education companies providing after-school tutoring services and prohibiting foreign investments in

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institutions providing such after-school tutoring services. As a result, the market value of certain U.S. listed companies with China-based operations in the affected sectors decreased significantly. We cannot assure you that the relevant government authorities in China would not enact similar regulations to further restrict foreign investment in companies providing services related to the sales of health and wellness products or operating e-commerce platforms, or curtail the development of our industry. If such adverse regulations or policies are adopted in China, the development of China’s health and wellness industry may be halted, and the demand for our products and services will significantly decrease, and you may lose all or part of your investment in our securities.

While the PRC economy has experienced significant growth in the past four decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe and negative impact on the Chinese economy. The Chinese economy contracted in the first quarter of calendar year 2020 and economic growth is likely to be weak in the foreseeable future. Any severe or prolonged slowdown in the rate of growth of the Chinese economy may adversely affect our operations in China, our growth strategy and may have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Various measures implemented by the PRC government to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources may benefit the overall PRC economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. Our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. In addition, the PRC government has implemented in the past certain measures, including interest rate increases, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity, which in turn could lead to a reduction in demand for our services and consequently have a material adverse effect on our businesses, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, the PRC government may promulgate laws, regulations or policies that seek to impose stricter scrutiny over, or revamp, the current regulatory regime in certain industries, which could have a material and adverse effect on the future growth of the affected industries and the companies operating in such industries.

There are uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws, rules and regulations.

Most of our operations are conducted in China, and are governed by PRC laws, rules and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are subject to laws, rules and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.

In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws, rules and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past four decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investment in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws, rules and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China or may be subject to significant degrees of interpretation by PRC regulatory agencies. In particular, because these laws, rules and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited number of published decisions and the nonbinding nature of such decisions, and because the laws, rules and regulations often give the relevant regulator significant discretion in how to enforce them, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations involve uncertainties and can be inconsistent and unpredictable. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and which may have a retroactive effect. As a provider of an e-commerce platform for health and wellness products, we are subject to legal and regulatory requirements applicable to the Internet industry, including Internet access and the distribution of products, services, news, information, audio-video programs and other content through the Internet, and health and wellness industries, as well as various PRC regulations governing value-added telecommunications services, food business, pharmaceutical operations and services, online drug and medical device operations and online

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trading and e-commerce. Due to the complexity of the legal regime regulating our business operations, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules applicable to us until after the occurrence of the violation, nor can we accurately assess the impact of violations of applicable regulation due to discretionary enforcement actions taken by relevant authorities.

Any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulation of healthcare industry and Internet-related businesses, and any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Our business is subject to governmental supervision and regulation by the relevant PRC governmental authorities, including but not limited to the MOFCOM, the MIIT, the National Medical Products Administration of the PRC, or the NMPA, the NHC and SAMR and their counterparts. Together, these governmental authorities promulgate and enforce regulations that cover many aspects of the operation of food and pharmaceutical businesses, medical and healthcare services and Internet-related businesses, including foreign ownership of, and the licensing and permit requirements pertaining to, companies in such business. The laws and regulations related to medical and healthcare services and Internet-related businesses are evolving rapidly, and their interpretation and enforcement involve significant uncertainties. As a result, in certain circumstances it may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be deemed to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations. Under PRC laws, an entity must obtain the food operation license from SAMR or its counterpart for conducting healthcare-related products wholesale and retail business, the pharmaceutical operation license from the NMPA or its counterpart for conducting pharmaceutical wholesale and retail business, and the value-added telecommunications services operating licenses from the MIIT or its counterpart for either online information services or third-party e-commerce platforms. We have made great efforts to obtain all applicable licenses and permits necessary to our main business. However, the interpretation and application of existing PRC laws, regulations and policies and possible new laws, regulations or policies relating to the pharmaceutical operation, medical and healthcare services, and Internet-related businesses have created substantial uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign investments in, and the businesses and activities of, pharmaceutical operation and Internet-related business industry in China, including our business, we cannot assure you that we have obtained all the permits or licenses required for conducting our business or will be able to maintain our existing licenses or obtain new ones. For example, the address on some of our Food Operation Permits is inconsistent with our actual operating address. If the PRC government considers that we were operating without the proper approvals, licenses or permits or promulgates new laws and regulations that require additional approvals or licenses or imposes additional restrictions on the operation of any part of our business, it has the power, among other things, to levy fines, confiscate our income, revoke our business licenses, and require us to discontinue our relevant business or impose restrictions on the affected portion of our business. Any of these actions by the PRC government may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission and other compliance procedures may be required in connection with this offering, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such approval.

The M&A Rules requires an overseas special purpose vehicle that are controlled by PRC companies or individuals formed for the purpose of seeking a public listing on an overseas stock exchange through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies using shares of such special purpose vehicle or held by its shareholders as considerations to obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, prior to the

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listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. However, the application of the M&A Rules remains unclear. If CSRC approval is required, it is uncertain whether it would be possible for us to obtain the approval. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining CSRC approval for this offering would subject us to sanctions imposed by the CSRC and other PRC regulatory agencies.

While the application of the M&A Rules remains unclear, we believe, based on the advice of our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, that the CSRC approval is not required in the context of this offering because (1) the CSRC currently has not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether offerings under the prospectus are subject to the M&A Rules; (2) when we set up our offshore holding structure, ECMOHO Shanghai, currently our major PRC subsidiary, was a then existing foreign-invested entity and not a PRC domestic company as defined under the M&A Rules, and the acquisition by ECMOHO (Hong Kong) Health Technology Limited of the equity in ECMOHO Shanghai was not subject to the M&A Rules; and (3) no provision in the M&A Rules clearly classifies the contractual arrangements among ECMOHO Shanghai, our VIE and the shareholders of our VIE, as a type of transaction subject to the M&A Rules. However, uncertainties still exist as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted and implemented, and the opinion of our PRC counsel is subject to any new laws, rules, and regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules. We cannot assure you that the relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as our PRC counsel. If the CSRC or other PRC regulatory body subsequently determines that we need to obtain the CSRC’s approval for this offering or if the CSRC or any other PRC government authorities promulgates any interpretation or implements rules that would require us to obtain CSRC or other governmental approvals for this offering, we may face adverse actions or sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies, which may include fines and penalties on our operations in China, limitations on our operating privileges in China, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into the PRC, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our subsidiaries in China, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations, prospects, as well as the trading price of the ADSs. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt this offering before the settlement and delivery of the ADSs that we are offering. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to the settlement and delivery of the ADSs we are offering, you would be doing so at the risk that the settlement and delivery may not occur. In addition, if the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for this offering, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements.

The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Severe and Lawful Crackdown on Illegal Securities Activities, which was available to the public on July 6, 2021. These opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies. These opinions proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems, to deal with the risks and incidents facing China-based overseas-listed companies and the demand for cybersecurity and data privacy protection. Moreover, the CAC issued the Measures of Cybersecurity Review (Revised Draft for Comments) on July 10, 2021, which requires certain operators who wish to list abroad to file a cybersecurity review with the Office of Cybersecurity Review, such as operators with personal information of more than one million users. The aforementioned policies and any related implementation rules to be enacted may subject us to additional compliance requirement in the future. As these opinions were recently issued, official guidance and interpretation of the opinions remain unclear in several respects at this time. We have not obtained the approval from either the CSRC or the Office of Cybersecurity Review for this offering, and as advised by our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, we do not believe that such approval is necessary under these circumstances or for the time being. We cannot assure you, however, that the regulators will not take a contrary view or will not subsequently require us to undergo the approval procedures and subject us to penalties for non-compliance. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will remain fully compliant with all new regulatory requirements of these opinions or any future implementation rules on a timely basis, or at all.

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PRC regulations regarding acquisitions impose significant regulatory approval and review requirements, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions.

Under the PRC Anti-Monopoly Law, companies undertaking acquisitions relating to businesses in China must notify MOFCOM in advance of any transaction where the parties’ revenues in the China market exceed certain thresholds and the buyer would obtain control of, or decisive influence over, the target, while under the M&A Rules, the approval of MOFCOM must be obtained in circumstances where overseas companies established or controlled by PRC enterprises or residents acquire domestic companies affiliated with such PRC enterprises or residents. Applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations also require certain merger and acquisition transactions to be subject to security review. Due to the level of our revenues, our proposed acquisition of control of, or decisive influence over, any company with revenues within China of more than RMB400 million in the year prior to any proposed acquisition would be subject to MOFCOM merger control review. As a result, many of the transactions we may undertake could be subject to MOFCOM merger review. Complying with the requirements of the relevant regulations to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including approval from MOFCOM, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share. In addition, MOFCOM has not accepted antitrust filings for any transaction involving parties that adopt a variable interest entity structure. If MOFCOM’s practice remains unchanged, our ability to carry out our investment and acquisition strategy may be materially and adversely affected and there may be significant uncertainty as to whether we will be able to complete large acquisitions in the future in a timely manner or at all.

PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC-resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries or limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.

SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or the SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFE Circular 75” promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents to register with local branches of SAFE in connection with their direct establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing, with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets or equity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37 as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capital contributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other material event. In the event that a PRC shareholder holding interests in a special purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profit distributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC subsidiary. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for evasion of foreign exchange controls.

We have notified substantial beneficial owners of ordinary shares who we know are PRC residents of their filing obligation, and are aware that Ms. Zoe Wang and Mr. Leo Zeng have each completed the necessary registration with the local SAFE branch or qualified banks as required by SAFE Circular 37. However, we may not at all times be aware of the identities of all of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents. To our knowledge, some of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents have not completed the necessary registration as required by SAFE Circular 37. We do not have control over our beneficial owners and cannot assure you that all of our PRC-resident beneficial owners will comply with SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their SAFE registrations in a timely manner pursuant to SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future

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beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions. Furthermore, since SAFE Circular 37 was recently promulgated and it is unclear how this regulation, and any future regulation concerning offshore or cross-border transactions, will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the relevant PRC governmental authorities, we cannot predict how these regulations will affect our business operations or future strategy. Failure to register or comply with relevant requirements may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries and limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to our company. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding our employee equity incentive plans may subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

Pursuant to SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who participate in share incentive plans in overseas non-publicly listed companies may submit applications to SAFE or its local branches for the foreign exchange registration with respect to offshore special purpose companies. Our directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who have resided in China for a continuous period of not less than one year and who have been granted restricted shares, RSUs or options may follow SAFE Circular 37 to apply for the foreign exchange registration before our company becomes an overseas listed company. We and our directors, executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or who have resided in China for a continuous period of not less than one year and who have been granted restricted shares, RSUs or options will be subject to the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, issued by SAFE in February 2012, according to which, employees, directors, supervisors and other management members participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are non-PRC citizens residing in China for a continuous period of not less than one year, subject to limited exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit their ability to make payment under our equity incentive plans or receive dividends or sales proceeds related thereto, or our ability to contribute additional capital into our wholly foreign-owned enterprises in China and limit our wholly foreign-owned enterprises’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional equity incentive plans for our directors and employees under PRC law.

In addition, the State Administration for Taxation has issued circulars concerning employee share options or restricted shares. Under these circulars, employees working in China who exercise share options, or whose restricted shares or RSUs vest, will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRC subsidiaries of an overseas listed company have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authorities and to withhold individual income taxes of those employees related to their share options, restricted shares or RSUs. Although we currently withhold income tax from our PRC employees in connection with their exercise of options and the vesting of their restricted shares and RSUs, if the employees fail to pay, or the PRC subsidiaries fail to withhold, their income taxes according to relevant laws, rules and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may face sanctions imposed by the tax authorities or other PRC governmental authorities.

We rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiaries to fund offshore cash and financing requirements.

We are a holding company and rely to a significant extent on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our principal operating subsidiaries and on remittances from our variable interest entity, for our offshore cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to

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our shareholders, fund inter-company loans, service any debt we may incur outside China and pay our expenses. The laws, rules and regulations applicable to our PRC subsidiaries and certain other subsidiaries permit payments of dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with applicable accounting standards and regulations.

Under PRC laws, rules and regulations, each of our subsidiaries incorporated in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, after making up for previous years’ accumulated losses, if any, to fund certain statutory reserves, until the aggregate amount of such fund reaches 50% of its registered capital. As a result of these laws, rules and regulations, our subsidiaries incorporated in China are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their respective net assets to their shareholders as dividends. In addition, registered share capital and capital reserve accounts are also restricted from withdrawal in China, up to the amount of net assets held in each operating subsidiary. As of December 31, 2019 and 2020, these restricted assets totaled US$34.6 million and US$24.8 million, respectively.

Limitations on the ability of the variable interest entity to make remittance to the wholly foreign-owned enterprise to pay dividends to us could limit our ability to access cash generated by the operations of our variable interest entity, including to make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends to our shareholders or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

We may be treated as a resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, and we may therefore be subject to PRC income tax on our global income.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementing rules, enterprises established under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with “de facto management bodies” located in China may be considered PRC tax resident enterprises for tax purposes and may be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their global income. “De facto management body” refers to a managing body that exercises substantive and overall management and control over the production and business, personnel, accounting books and assets of an enterprise. The SAT issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore-Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or the Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise is located in China. Although Circular 82 only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises, not those controlled by individuals or foreign enterprises, the determining criteria set forth in Circular 82 may reflect the SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises. If we were to be considered a PRC resident enterprise, we would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on our global income, and our profitability and cash flow may be materially reduced as a result of our global income being taxed under the Enterprise Income Tax Law. We believe that none of our entities outside China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.”

Dividends payable to our foreign investors and gains on the sale of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares by our foreign investors may be subject to PRC tax.

Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation regulations issued by the State Council, a 10% PRC withholding tax is applicable to dividends payable to investors that are non-resident enterprises, which do not have an establishment or place of business in China or which have such establishment or place of business but the dividends are not effectively connected with such establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within China. Any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares by such investors is also subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 10% which in the case of dividends will be withheld at source if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within China. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid on our Class A ordinary shares or ADSs, and any gain realized from the

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transfer of our Class A ordinary shares or ADSs, may be treated as income derived from sources within China and may as a result be subject to PRC taxation. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends payable to individual investors who are non-PRC residents and any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares by such investors may be subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 20%. Any PRC tax liability may be reduced under applicable tax treaties. However, it is unclear whether holders of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between China and other countries or areas if we are considered a PRC resident enterprise. If dividends payable to our non-PRC investors or gains from the transfer of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares by such investors are subject to PRC tax, the value of your investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares may decline significantly.

We and our shareholders face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies.

On February 3, 2015, the SAT issued the Announcement on Several Issues Concerning the Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfer of Assets by Non-Resident Enterprises, or the SAT Circular 7. The SAT Circular 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to transactions involving the transfer of taxable assets through offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. In addition, SAT Circular 7 has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity through a public securities market. SAT Circular 7 also brings challenges to both foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of taxable assets. On October 17, 2017, the SAT issued the Announcement on Issues Relating to Withholding at Source of Income Tax of Non-resident Enterprises, or the SAT Circular 37, which came into effect on December 1, 2017. The SAT Circular 37 further clarifies the practice and procedure of the withholding of non-resident enterprise income tax.

Where a non-resident enterprise transfers taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, which is an Indirect Transfer, the non-resident enterprise as either transferor or transferee, or the PRC entity that directly owns the taxable assets, may report such Indirect Transfer to the relevant tax authority. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such Indirect Transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. Both the transferor and the transferee may be subject to penalties under PRC tax laws if the transferee fails to withhold the taxes and the transferor fails to pay the taxes.

We face uncertainties as to the reporting and other implications of certain past and future transactions where PRC taxable assets are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries and investments. Our company may be subject to filing obligations or taxed if our company is transferor in such transactions, and may be subject to withholding obligations if our company is transferee in such transactions, under SAT Circular 7 and/or SAT Circular 37. For transfer of shares in our company that do not qualify for the public securities market safe harbor by investors who are non-PRC resident enterprises, our PRC subsidiaries may be requested to assist in the filing under SAT Circular 7 and/or SAT Circular 37. As a result, we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with SAT Circular 7 and/or SAT Circular 37 or to request the relevant transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these circulars, or to establish that our company should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our revenue effectively.

A portion of our revenue is denominated in Renminbi. The Renminbi is currently convertible under the “current account,” which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not

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under the “capital account,” which includes foreign direct investment and loans, including loans we may secure from our onshore subsidiaries or variable interest entity. Currently, our PRC subsidiaries, which are wholly foreign-owned enterprises, may purchase foreign currency for settlement of “current account transactions,” including payment of dividends to us, without the approval of SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, the relevant PRC governmental authorities may limit or eliminate our ability to purchase foreign currencies in the future for current account transactions. Since a portion of our future revenue will be denominated in Renminbi, any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize revenue generated in Renminbi to fund our business activities outside of the PRC or pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of our ADSs. Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account remain subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, SAFE and other relevant PRC governmental authorities. This could affect our ability to obtain foreign currency through debt or equity financing for our subsidiaries and our VIE.

It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.

Shareholder claims or regulatory investigation that are common in the United States generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for regulatory investigations or litigation initiated outside China. Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States may not be efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, or Article 177, which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC. While detailed interpretation of or implementation rules under Article 177 have yet to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China may further increase difficulties faced by you in protecting your interests.

Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans and withhold individual income tax on employees’ salaries as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.

Companies operating in China are required to participate in various government-mandated employee benefit contribution plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and to contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where we operate our businesses. The requirement of employee benefit contribution plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. Companies operating in China are also required to withhold individual income tax on employees’ salaries based on the actual salary of each employee upon payment. We may be subject to late fees and fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits and under-withheld individual income tax, and, if so, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Risks Related to This Offering

The trading price of our ADSs may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to you.

The trading price of our ADSs is volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, like the performance and fluctuation in the market prices or the underperformance or deteriorating financial results of other listed companies based in China. The securities of some of these companies have experienced significant volatility since their initial public offerings, including, in some cases, substantial price declines in the trading prices of their securities. The trading performances of other Chinese companies’ securities after their offerings, including technology companies and

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transaction service platforms, may affect the attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the United States, which consequently may impact the trading performance of our ADSs, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any negative news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or matters of other Chinese companies may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us, regardless of whether we have conducted any inappropriate activities. Furthermore, securities markets may from time to time experience significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to our operating performance, such as the large decline in share prices in the United States, China and other jurisdictions in late 2008, early 2009, the second half of 2011 and in 2015, including as a result of concerns over the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our ADSs.

In addition to the above factors, the price and trading volume of our ADSs may be highly volatile due to multiple factors, including the following:

Substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of our ADSs, Class A ordinary shares or other equity securities in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs to decline significantly.

Sales of our ADSs, Class A ordinary shares or other equity securities in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our ADSs to decline significantly. As of the date of this prospectus supplement, we have 86,401,883 Class A ordinary shares outstanding, including 59,335,616 Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs. All of our ADSs are freely transferable by persons other than our “affiliates” without restriction or additional registration under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our ADSs and trading volume could decline.

It is our policy not to offer guidance on earnings. The trading market for our ADSs depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our ADSs or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our ADSs to decline significantly.

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Our dual-class share structure with different voting rights limits our investors’ ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and holders of our ADSs may view as beneficial.

We have a dual-class share structure such that our ordinary shares consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, holders of Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares are entitled to 10 votes per share. One (1) of our ADSs represents four (4) of our Class A ordinary shares. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances.

As of the date of this prospectus supplement, Ms. Zoe Wang and Mr. Leo Zeng beneficially own all of our issued and outstanding Class B ordinary shares. These Class B ordinary shares constitute approximately 40.7% of our total issued and outstanding share capital and 87.4% of the aggregate voting power of our total issued and outstanding share capital as of the date of this prospectus supplement, due to the disparate voting powers associated with our dual-class share structure. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership” of the 2020 annual report, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement. As a result of the dual-class share structure and the concentration of ownership, holders of Class B ordinary shares have considerable influence over matters such as decisions regarding mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. Such holders may take actions that are not in the best interest of us or our other shareholders. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the price of our ADSs. This concentrated control limits our investors’ ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A ordinary shares and holders of our ADSs may view as beneficial.

There can be no assurance that we will not be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.

A non-U.S. corporation will be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income; or (2) at least 50% of the value of its assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income, or the asset test. Based on our historical, current and expected value of our assets and the composition of our income and assets (taking into account our historical and current market capitalization, expected cash proceeds from this offering and our anticipated use of proceeds), we do not believe that we were a PFIC for our taxable year ended December 31, 2020 and we do not expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or the foreseeable future. However, no assurance can be given as to whether we will be a PFIC in the current taxable year or the foreseeable future because the determination of whether we are or will become a PFIC is a fact-intensive inquiry made on an annual basis that depends, in part, upon the composition of our income and assets. Fluctuations in the market price of our ADSs may cause us to become a PFIC for the current or subsequent taxable years because the value of our assets for the purpose of the asset test may be determined by reference to the market price of our ADSs (which may be volatile). The composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets, including the cash raised in this offering.

If we were to be or become a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or ordinary shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. Holder. See “Taxation—Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

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As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to, and we will continue to, rely on exemptions from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our Class A ordinary shares and holders of the ADSs than they would enjoy if we were a domestic U.S. company.

We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. We are required to provide a brief description of the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the corporate governance practices required to be followed by domestic U.S. companies listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market. The standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. We have relied on and plan to continue to rely on home country practice with respect to our corporate governance. Specifically, we do not (i) have a majority of the board be independent; (ii) have a compensation committee or a nominating and corporate governance committee consisting entirely of independent directors; or (iii) have an audit committee be composed of at least three members. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from certain disclosure requirements under the Exchange Act, which may afford less protection to our shareholders than they would enjoy if we were a domestic U.S. company.

Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:

We intend to continue to publish our results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC is less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, our investors may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to our investors were they investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.

As an emerging growth company, we are exempt from certain reporting requirements.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, most significantly, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act so long as we are an emerging growth company.

The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. We have elected not to “opt out” of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we will adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or

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revised standard and will do so until such time that we either (1) irrevocably elect to “opt out” of such extended transition period or (2) no longer qualify as an emerging growth company. As a result, our results of operations and financial statements may not be comparable to the results of operations and financial statements of other companies who have adopted the new or revised accounting standards.

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law, we conduct substantially all of our operations in China and most of our directors and all of our executive officers reside outside the United States.

We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands and conduct substantially all of our operations in China through our wholly foreign-owned enterprises and our variable interest entity. Most of our directors and all of our executive officers reside outside the United States and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the Cayman Islands or in China in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the securities laws of the United States or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. There is no statutory recognition in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States or China, although the courts of the Cayman Islands will generally recognize and enforce a non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the Companies Act (2021 Revision) (as amended) and common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against us and our directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which provides persuasive, but not binding, authority in a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States and provides significantly less protection to investors. In addition, shareholders in Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in U.S. federal courts.

In addition, we conduct substantially all of our business operations in China, and most of our directors and all of our executive officers reside outside the United State. The SEC, U.S. Department of Justice, or the DOJ, and other authorities often have substantial difficulties in bringing and enforcing actions against non-U.S. companies and non-U.S. persons, including company directors and officers, in certain emerging markets, including China. Additionally, our public shareholders may have limited rights and few practical remedies in emerging markets where we operate, as shareholder claims that are common in the United States, including class action based on securities law and fraud claims, generally are difficult or impossible to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in many emerging markets, including China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles for the SEC, the DOJ and other U.S. authorities to obtaining information needed for shareholder investigations or litigation. Although the competent authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, the regulatory cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the United States has not been efficient in the absence of a mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. According to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law which became effective in March 2020, no foreign securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC. Accordingly, without the consent of the PRC securities regulator and the other competent governmental authorities, no organization or individual may provide the documents and materials relating to securities business activities to foreign securities regulators.

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As a result, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against us, our management, our directors or our major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States.

You, as holders of our ADSs, may have fewer rights than holders of our Class A ordinary shares and must act through the depositary to exercise those rights.

Holders of ADSs do not have the same rights of our shareholders and may only exercise the voting rights with respect to the underlying Class A ordinary shares in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under our memorandum and articles of association, the minimum notice period required to convene a general meeting is seven days. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient notice of a shareholders’ meeting to permit you to withdraw your Class A ordinary shares to allow you to cast your vote with respect to any specific matter. In addition, the depositary and its agents may not be able to send voting instructions to you or carry out your voting instructions in a timely manner. We will make all reasonable efforts to cause the depositary to extend voting rights to you in a timely manner, but we cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote your ADSs. Furthermore, the depositary and its agents will not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any such vote. As a result, you may not be able to exercise your right to vote and you may lack recourse if your ADSs are not voted as you requested. In addition, in your capacity as an ADS holder, you will not be able to call a shareholders’ meeting.

You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.

Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deems it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.

You may not receive distributions on our Class A ordinary shares or any value for such Class A ordinary shares if it is illegal or impractical to make them available to you.

The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian for our ADSs receives on our Class A ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of our Class A ordinary shares that your ADSs represent. However, the depositary is not responsible for making such payments or distributions if it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, it would be unlawful to make a distribution to a holder of ADSs if it consists of securities that require registration under the Securities Act but that are not properly registered or distributed pursuant to an applicable exemption from registration. The depositary is not responsible for making a distribution available to any holders of ADSs if any government approval or registration required for such distribution cannot be obtained after reasonable efforts made by the depositary. We have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of our ADSs, Class A ordinary shares, rights or anything else to holders of our ADSs. This means that you may not receive the distributions we make on our Class A ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available to you. These restrictions may materially reduce the value of your ADSs.

Your rights to pursue claims against the depositary as a holder of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement and the deposit agreement may be amended or terminated without your consent.

Under the deposit agreement, any action or proceeding against or involving us or the depositary, arising out of or based upon the deposit agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby or by virtue of owning the

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ADSs (including any such action or proceeding that may arise under the U.S. federal securities laws), may only be instituted in a state or federal court in the city of New York, and you, as a holder of our ADSs, will have irrevocably waived any objection which you may have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding, and irrevocably submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such action or proceeding. Such exclusive jurisdiction may, among other things, discourage lawsuits against or involving us or the depositary, lead to increased costs to bring a claim or limit your ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum you find favorable. Also, we may amend or terminate the deposit agreement without your consent. If you continue to hold your ADSs after an amendment to the deposit agreement, you will be deemed to have agreed to be bound by the deposit agreement as amended, unless such amendment is found to be invalid under any applicable laws, including the U.S. federal securities laws.

ADSs holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiffs in any such action.

The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our Class A Ordinary Shares provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, ADSs holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws. The waiver to right to a jury trial of the deposit agreement is not intended to be deemed a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs of our or the depositary’s compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

If we or the depositary oppose a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. The enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before investing in the ADSs.

If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us and/or the depositary. If a lawsuit is brought against us and/or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in a different outcome than a trial by jury would have had, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiffs in any such action.

Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or our ADSs serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs or by us or the depositary of compliance with any provision of the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Cayman Islands economic substance requirements may have an effect on our business and operations.

Pursuant to the International Tax Cooperation (Economic Substance) Act (2020 Revision) (as amended) of the Cayman Islands, or the ES Act, that came into force on January 1, 2019, a “relevant entity” is required to satisfy the economic substance test set out in the ES Act. A “relevant entity” includes an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands as is our company. Based on the current interpretation of the ES Act, we believe that our company, ECMOHO Limited, is a pure equity holding company since it only holds equity participation in other entities and only earns dividends and capital gains. Accordingly, for so long as our

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company, ECMOHO Limited. is a “pure equity holding company,” it is only subject to the minimum substance requirements, which require us to (1) comply with all applicable filing requirements under the Companies Act, Cap. 22 (Act 3 of 1961, as consolidated and revised) of the Cayman Islands; and (2) has adequate human resources and adequate premises in the Cayman Islands for holding and managing equity participations in other entities. However, we cannot assure you that we will not be subject to more requirements under the ES Act. Uncertainties over the interpretation and implementation of the ES Act may have an adverse impact on our business and operations.

We will continue to incur increased costs as a result of being a public company, particularly when we cease to qualify as an “emerging growth company,” which may strain our resources.

As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Stock Market, imposes various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. We qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting and permission to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected not to “opt out” of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we will adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard and will do so until such time that we either (1) irrevocably elect to “opt out” of such extended transition period or (2) no longer qualify as an emerging growth company.

Compliance with these rules and regulations has increased and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and has made and will continue to make some corporate activities more time-consuming and costly. When we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the other rules and regulations of the SEC. In addition, we have incurred additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs, but we cannot predict or estimate the additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

In the past, shareholders of a public company often brought securities class action suits against the company following periods of instability in the market price of that company’s securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations, which could harm our results of operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net proceeds from this offering, and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.

We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net proceeds of this offering, and our management will have considerable discretion in deciding how to apply these proceeds. You will not have the opportunity to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately before you make your investment decision. You must rely on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering. We cannot assure you that the net proceeds will be used in a manner that will improve our results of operations or increase the price of our ADSs, nor that these net proceeds will be placed only in investments that generate income or appreciate in value.

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