As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 6, 2024

Registration No. 333-____

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

Form F-1

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

NEWGENIVF GROUP LIMITED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

British Virgin Islands   8090   Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		   (Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)		   (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

 

Wing Fung Alfred Siu

Chief Executive Officer

1/F, Pier 2, Central

Hong Kong, 999077

Tel: +1 (212) 537-4406

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,

including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

Cogency Global Inc.

122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor

New York, NY 10168

(212) 947-7200

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

Copies to:

 

Darrin M. Ocasio, Esq.

Matthew Siracusa, Esq.

Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP

1185 Avenue of the America, 31st Fl.

New York, NY 10036

Telephone: +1-212-930-9700

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date hereof.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☒

 

If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

 

Emerging growth company ☒

 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

 

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

 

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION DATED SEPTEMBER 6, 2024

 

5,912,281 Class A Ordinary Shares

 

 

NewGenIvf Group Limited

 

This prospectus relates to the resale by the selling shareholders identified in this prospectus (“Selling Shareholders”) of up to 5,912,281 Class A Ordinary Shares, no par value per share (“Ordinary Shares”).

 

The Selling Shareholders are identified in the table commencing on page 60. No Ordinary Shares are being registered hereunder for sale by us. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholders. All net proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares covered by this prospectus will go to the Selling Shareholders (see “Use of Proceeds”). The Selling Shareholders are offering their securities to further enhance liquidity in the public trading market for our equity securities in the United States. Unlike an initial public offering, any sale by the Selling Shareholders of the Ordinary Shares is not being underwritten by any investment bank. The Selling Shareholders may sell all or a portion of the Ordinary Shares from time to time in market transactions through any market on which our Ordinary Shares are then traded, in negotiated transactions or otherwise, and at prices and on terms that will be determined by the then prevailing market price or at negotiated prices directly or through a broker or brokers, who may act as agent or as principal or by a combination of such methods of sale (see “Plan of Distribution”).

 

Our Ordinary Shares currently trade on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “NIVF.” The last reported closing price of our Ordinary Shares on August 30, 2024 was $0.86.

 

We are not a “controlled company” as defined under the Listing Rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”), but we qualify as a “foreign private issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and are eligible for reduced public company reporting requirements.

 

NewGenIvf Group Limited (“NewGenIvf,” “Company,” “our,” “we,” or “us”) is a British Virgin Islands holding company with our operations conducted through our subsidiaries in the Cayman Islands (our wholly-owned subsidiary, NewGenIvf Limited) and in Asia (Hong Kong, Thailand, Kyrgyzstan, and the Kingdom of Cambodia). Under this holding company structure, investors are purchasing equity interests in NewGenIvf, a British Virgin Islands holding company, and obtaining indirect ownership interests in our Cayman Islands and Asian operating subsidiaries. Substantially all of NewGenIvf’s operations and assets are based in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan. As a result, its businesses and operations are subject to the changing economic conditions prevailing from time to time in such countries. 

  

Investing in our Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk, including the risk of losing your entire investment. See “Risk Factors” starting on page 20 to read about the factors you should consider before buying the Ordinary Shares.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, nor any state or other foreign securities commission has approved nor disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

The date of this prospectus is          , 2024

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

  Page
About this Prospectus iii
Glossary of Defined Terms iii
Prospectus Summary 1
Risk Factors 20
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements 45
Listing Details 46
Use of Proceeds 46
Dividend Policy 46
Selling Shareholders 60
Plan of Distribution 62
Description of Share Capital 64
Taxation 65
Legal Matters 71
Experts 71
Expenses 71
Enforceability of Civil Liabilities 72
Where You Can Find Additional Information 73
Material Changes 74
Incorporation by reference 74

 

i

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. Neither we nor any of the Selling Shareholders have authorized anyone to provide you with different information. Neither we nor any of the Selling Shareholders are making an offer of these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date of the applicable document. Since the date of this prospectus, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed.

 

For investors outside of the United States: Neither we nor any of the Selling Shareholders have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus.

 

In this prospectus, “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to NewGenIvf Group Limited and its wholly owned subsidiary, NewGenIvf Limited, a Cayman Islands company.

 

Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to “dollars” or “$” are to U.S. dollars.

 

This prospectus includes statistical, market and industry data and forecasts which we obtained from publicly available information and independent industry publications and reports that we believe to be reliable sources. These publicly available industry publications and reports generally state that they obtain their information from sources that they believe to be reliable, but they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information. Although we believe that these sources are reliable, we have not independently verified the information contained in such publications.

 

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP.

 

The number of Ordinary Shares currently issued and outstanding was 10,149,386 as of September 4, 2024. No new shares are being issued by the Company pursuant to this offering.

 

ii

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

 

This prospectus describes the general manner in which the Selling Shareholders identified in this prospectus may offer from time to time up to 5,912,281 Ordinary Shares. If necessary, the specific manner in which the Ordinary Shares may be offered and sold will be described in a supplement to this prospectus, which supplement may also add, update or change any of the information contained in this prospectus. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus and the prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement, provided that if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date—for example, any prospectus supplement—the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

 

GLOSSARY OF DEFINED TERMS

 

In this prospectus, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references to:

 

“ASCA” means A SPAC I Acquisition Corp., a British Virgin Islands business company.

 

“A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp.” means A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp., a British Virgin Islands business company.

 

“Business Combination” means the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, pursuant to which (i) ASCA reincorporated to the British Virgin Islands by merging with and into the Company; and (ii) Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy NewGenIvf, resulting in Legacy NewGenIvf being a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

 

“BVI” means British Virgin Islands.

 

“BVI Act” means BVI Business Companies Act (As Revised).

 

“Class A Ordinary Share” means Class A ordinary shares of the Company, no par value per share.

 

“Class B Ordinary Share” means (x) the Company’s Class B ordinary shares with no par value per share, and (y) any shares into which such ordinary shares shall have been changed or any shares resulting from a reclassification of such ordinary shares.

 

“Closing” means the consummation of the Business Combination, which occurred on April 3, 2024.

 

“Company” means NewGenIvf Group Limited, a British Virgin Islands business company, the surviving entity of the Business Combination.

 

“Legacy NewGenIvf” means NewGenIvf Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company, which became a wholly owned subsidiary of ASCA upon the Closing.

 

“Merger Agreement” means the Merger Agreement entered into on February 15, 2023, and as amended on June 12, 2023 and December 6, 2023, between ASCA, A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp., Merger Sub, Legacy NewGenIvf, and certain shareholders of Legacy NewGenIvf, pursuant to which the Reincorporation Merger and Acquisition Merger were consummated.

 

“Merger Sub” means A SPAC I Mini Sub Acquisition Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company and former wholly-owned subsidiary of A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp.

 

“Memorandum and Articles of Association” means the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, as amended on April 3, 2024. 

 

“NewGenIvf” means NewGenIvf Group Limited, a British Virgin Islands business company, the surviving entity of the Business Combination, unless the context so requires.

 

“Ordinary Shares” means the Class A Ordinary Shares.

 

“Preferred Shares” means preferred shares of the Company, no par value per share.

 

“Reincorporation Merger” means the first step of the Business Combination which occurred pursuant to the Merger Agreement, in which ASCA reincorporated to the British Virgin Islands by merging with and into A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp.

 

iii

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our securities. Before you decide to invest in our securities, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the “Risk Factors” section and the financial statements and related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus.

  

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Prospectus Summary to “NewGenIvf,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Legacy NewGenIvf and its subsidiaries as they existed prior to the Closing if described in relation to a date prior to April 3, 2024. Any references to “NewGenIvf,” “we,” “our,” and “us” with respect to the present time, a future time, or a date after April 3, 2024 refers to NewGenIvf, a British Virgin Islands company, and its subsidiaries, whose existence continued after the Closing.

 

Overview

 

We are an assisted reproductive services (“ARS”) provider in Asia-Pacific. Since the opening of our first clinic in Thailand in 2014, we have established ourself as a long-standing ARS provider in this region. Our strategic presence in Thailand, Cambodia, and Kyrgyzstan positions us to take advantage of opportunities across Asia-Pacific. According to China Insights Consultancy (“CIC”), from 2014 to 2022, there was a rising number of women in the key ARS-targeted age group (ages 15 to 49) in Asia Pacific and a growing trend towards later maternal age. The number of married women of reproductive age in Asia Pacific has risen from 816.4 million in 2014 to 833.2 million in 2022. Additionally, according to CIC, there was increasing social acceptance of ARS use in Asia Pacific countries such as China, India, and Thailand during the same period. For example, the number of ARS users in China has risen from 136.8 thousand in 2017 to 184.9 thousand in 2022 approximately and that in Japan has risen from 98.0 thousand in 2017 to 128.5 thousand in 2022.

 

According to CIC, the prevalence of infertility in Asia-Pacific developing countries is substantial. For example, the infertility rate in Thailand, India and China was about 15.4%, 13.8% and 17.8%, respectively, in 2022. In India, the infertility rate in 2020 was approximately 13.1%, representing an annual growth of 2.6%. The infertility rate in China was around 17.6% in 2020, representing an annual growth of 0.6%. Infertility is increasingly gaining society’s attention as individuals are more openly discussing their struggles. Despite the prevalence of infertility, access to treatment is often limited in the Asia Pacific region. According to CIC, financial challenges, costs of treatment, and limited availability or capacity of fertility medical care are some of the main challenges in the fertility marketplace in Asia-Pacific region. Religious, social and cultural roadblocks can also prevent hopeful couples from realizing their dream to have children. We believe that we can help address some of these key challenges of Asia-Pacific fertility industry.

 

History and Development of the Company

  

Prior to the Business Combination, on April 29, 2021, A SPAC I Acquisition Corp. (“ASCA”), was incorporated as a British Virgin Islands business company, specifically a blank check company formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more target businesses.

 

The Business Combination

 

On February 15, 2023, ASCA entered into the Merger Agreement (as amended on June 12, 2023 and December 6, 2023, the “Merger Agreement,” and the transactions contemplated thereunder, the “Business Combination”) with A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp., Merger Sub, NewGenIvf Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Legacy NewGenIvf”) and certain shareholders of Legacy NewGenIvf. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Business Combination was effected in two steps: (i) ASCA was reincorporated to the British Virgin Islands by merging with and into A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp. (such transaction, the “Reincorporation Merger”); and (ii) Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy NewGenIvf, resulting in Legacy NewGenIvf being a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (such second step in isolation, the “Acquisition Merger”). The surviving entity of the Business Combination, together with its subsidiaries is referred to in this prospectus as “NewGenIvf,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us,” unless the context otherwise requires.

 

1

 

 

On June 12, 2023, the parties to the Merger Agreement entered into the First Amendment to Merger Agreement (the “First Amendment”), pursuant to which Legacy NewGenIvf agreed to provide non-interest bearing loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $560,000 (the “Loan”) to ASCA to fund any amount that would be required in order to further extend the period of time available for ASCA to consummate a business combination and for ASCA’s working capital, payment of professional, administrative and operational fees and expenses, and other purposes as mutually agreed by ASCA and Legacy NewGenIvf. Such loans were to become repayable upon the closing of the Acquisition Merger. In addition, pursuant to the First Amendment, subject to receipt of at least $140,000 as part of the Loan from NewGenIvf, ASCA agreed to waive its termination rights and the right to receive any break-up fee due to Legacy NewGenIvf’s failure to deliver audited financial statements by no later than February 28, 2023.

 

On December 6, 2023, the parties to the Merger Agreement entered into the Second Amendment to the Merger Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) which amended and modified the Merger Agreement to, among other things, (i) reduce the size of NewGenIvf’s board of directors following the consummation of the Business Combination to five (5) directors, two (2) of whom would be executive directors designated by NewGenIvf and three (3) of whom will be designated by NewGenIvf to serve as independent directors in accordance with Nasdaq requirements, (ii) provide for the conversion of NewGenIvf shares issued by NewGenIvf following the original date of the Merger Agreement into Class A Ordinary Shares in connection with the Acquisition Merger, and (iii) remove the condition that ASCA have in excess of $5,000,000 in net tangible assets immediately after the consummation of the Business Combination.

 

On April 3, 2024, the Business Combination was consummated with the Company as the surviving entity.

 

NewGenIvf’s Business

 

With a focus on providing fertility treatments to fulfil the dreams of building families, NewGenIvf mainly offers two services, namely: (i) in vitro fertilization (“IVF”) treatment service, comprising traditional IVF and egg donation; and (ii) surrogacy and ancillary caring services. Currently, we have three clinics: one clinic in Thailand, one clinic in Cambodia, and one clinic in Kyrgyzstan.

 

  ● IVF treatment service: For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we generated approximately 78.3% and 47.4%, of its revenue from IVF treatments services. We primarily provide our clients with conventional IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (“ICSI”) and embryo transfer services. As technology has progressively advanced, we have been able to, through technologies and facilities provided by MicroSort technology, help fulfill the family-balancing dreams of its clients and avoiding certain gender-related hereditary diseases. IVF treatment involves the performance of a series of medical treatment and procedures that are not separately distinct and only brings benefits to clients when embryo is successfully implanted, therefore revenue from IVF treatment is recognized at a point in time when it is completed in clinic. The completion of this treatment is evidenced by a written IVF report indicating successful embryo implantation.

 

  ● Surrogacy and ancillary caring services: We also generate revenue from surrogacy services and related ancillary caring services in Kyrgyzstan. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we generated approximately 21.7% and 52.6%, of our revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services. For surrogacy services, NewGenIvf conducts implantation of embryos from biological parents in surrogate mothers. In addition, NewGenIvf provides a “success guarantee” program for egg donation services in Cambodia and surrogacy services in Kyrgyzstan. Under this optional program, patients pay additional fees of approximately 40% of the original price and can have repeated attempts of IVF cycles, egg donation services and/or surrogacy services until the procedures are successful. The additional costs to NewGenIvf are generally limited and amount to approximately 30% of the original costs because NewGenIvf’s clinics, together with the patients, can choose suitable egg donors and surrogate mothers to limit the additional costs. During the pregnancy period, NewGenIvf provides ancillary caring services including regular body check and provision of vitamins, supplements and medicines to surrogate mothers. Revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services is recognized at a point in time when the surrogate mother gives birth. Surrogacy services provide infertile couples with an alternative method of having children.

 

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, NewGenIvf’s revenue was US$5,136,153 and US$5,944,190, and its net income was US$108,418 and US$135,847, respectively.

 

2

 

 

Market Opportunity

 

According to CIC, NewGenIvf’s core market for fertility services is substantial and growing rapidly, driven by, among other things, societal and cultural shifts, such as people starting families later in life and other health-related challenges which could impact couples’ and individuals’ ability to have children. In addition, NewGenIvf believes that continued overall de-stigmatization of infertility will help drive better access to, and stronger demand for, fertility treatment services, thereby further enabling the expansion of NewGenIvf’s addressable market. According to CIC, the market size of fertility treatments in Asia Pacific was increasing steadily and the potential size of the Asia fertility market is expected to reach US$37.4 billion by 2030. NewGenIvf believes its market opportunity is substantial and is continuing to grow as a result of the rising demand for fertility services, the lack of adequate offerings in the market and the increasing awareness of the challenges of infertility.

 

Competitive Strengths

 

NewGenIvf believes that the following competitive strengths have positioned it to meet growing opportunities in the fertility market across Asia-Pacific, and have differentiated it from its competitors:

 

Broad-range ARS Provider Offering Comprehensive Fertility Treatment Services

 

With almost a decade of experience in the fertility market, NewGenIvf has built a reputation in the IVF industry in Asia-Pacific. NewGenIvf has reinforced its long-standing position through expanding its service offerings and locations to address the evolving clients’ needs or requests.

 

NewGenIvf’s comprehensive fertility treatment offerings in Thailand, Cambodia, and Kyrgyzstan, primarily including IVF, egg donation (in Cambodia) and surrogacy services (in Kyrgyzstan), make it convenient for clients in Asia-Pacific market to have access to various fertility services but with a relatively low cost, as compared with the US market. According to CIC, the average cost per IVF cycle in the US is around US$12,000 (excluding medication), which is 65% higher than that of Asia-Pacific market. Meanwhile, the average cost per IVF cycle by NewGenIvf is around US$7,000 (excluding medication). Each of NewGenIvf’s clinics in Thailand, Cambodia, and Kyrgyzstan has its own specialty, and together, NewGenIvf is able to provide more flexibility and options to its patients. For example, NewGenIvf’s Thailand clinic focus on IVF and related ancillary services including HIV sperm washing, egg freezing, and chromosome screening. The clinic in Cambodia specializes in providing both IVF services and egg donation services. NewGenIvf opened the clinic in Kyrgyzstan in 2019, which broadened NewGenIvf’s services by being legally qualified/received approval letter from The Ministry of Health of Kyrgyzstan to offer surrogacy services. As of December 31, 2023, NewGenIvf was the one of the few ARS providers in Kyrgyzstan and one of the few companies in Kyrgyzstan that is licensed to offer surrogacy services in Kyrgyzstan.

 

NewGenIvf attributes its track record of success to its experienced physicians and its ability to provide comprehensive ARS services, allowing it to meet patients’ increasing demand for advanced, high-end, and sophisticated ARS, a higher standard and a wider range of advanced services.

 

NewGenIvf has extensive experience serving Asia-Pacific patients and a deep understanding of their general profiles. In particular, NewGenIvf has personnel speaking multiple languages, including nurses, facilitators, and translators, who are familiar with the health condition and culture of Asia-Pacific patients from different countries in the region. NewGenIvf believes that it is therefore well-positioned to benefit from market growth driven by Asia-Pacific patients travelling to its clinics for treatment.

 

Attractive Market with Significant Demand and Fast Growth

 

NewGenIvf operates in the ARS market in Asia Pacific, positioning it to leverage on an attractive market with compelling underlying growth potential. According to CIC, during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, the ARS market in Asia Pacific has experienced growth underpinned by long-term demographic and social trends. These trends include a rising demand for fertility services, the lack of adequate offerings in the market and the increasing awareness of the challenges of infertility, according to CIC.

 

According to CIC, the Asia Pacific ARS market is a large, multi-billion dollar industry growing at a strong pace of approximately 15% in 2022 as increased awareness and acceptance of IVF and surrogacy services continue to drive demand. Additionally, according to CIC, the market is underserved as a substantial percentage of patients in need of ARS treatments go untreated. The industry also remains constrained in capacity, thereby creating challenges in providing access to ARS to the volume of patients in need. According to CIC, as of December 31, 2022, there were more than 213 million infertile couples in Asia Pacific. While there have been substantial increases in the use of ARS, according to CIC, only approximately 1.47 million ARS cycles, including IVF, and other fertility treatments, were performed in Asia Pacific in 2022. This amounts to less than 1.1% of the infertile couples in Asia Pacific being treated and only 0.7% having a child though ARS in 2022, indicating significant unmet demand for ARS.

 

3

 

 

Asia-Pacific fertility markets, in particular India and China, present a vast opportunity for ARS providers in the region. China’s ARS market has been driven by an increasing rate of infertility, the implementation of the Three-Child Policy in May 2021, a decreasing number of couples at childbearing age and increasing affordability and awareness of ARS, according to CIC. China’s ARS market size in 2021 and 2022 was US$2,105 million and US$2,069 million, respectively, and is expected to further grow to US$2.3 billion in 2023, according to CIC. India’s ARS market size increased from US$1.2 billion in 2021 to US$1.5 billion in 2022, and is expected to grow further to US$1.6 billion in 2023, according to CIC. NewGenIvf believes that its existing market presence and reputation in Thailand, Cambodia, and Kyrgyzstan well positions it to capitalize on the fast-growing Asia-Pacific fertility market.

 

According to CIC, the significant entry barriers in Asia-Pacific ARS industry are expected to continue to constrain supply in the industry. The industry is heavily regulated and a significant number of stringent requirements must be satisfied in order to obtain relevant licenses to conduct IVF, egg donation and surrogacy procedures in the relevant countries. NewGenIvf believes that such barriers to entry can help it maintain its market position in Asia Pacific as the fertility market in the region continues to expand.

 

Built on years of experience, NewGenIvf has established a strong reputation in its industry, which in turn attracted potential business partners to approach NewGenIvf to negotiate cooperations and referrals. Over the years, NewGenIvf sends representatives to medical expos mostly held in the PRC to approach potential business partners and establish new partnerships by entering into agency agreements with each agent. NewGenIvf has become a significant partner with approximately 90 fertility service agents in China as well as in India. Normally, each agency agreement has a maximum term of one year, which is renewable upon mutual agreement. Agents typically market and promote NewGenIvf’s services by word-to-mouth referrals and other measures and NewGenIvf pays the agents commission at a range of 10% to 25% of the treatment fees upon the completion of client’s treatment. Normally, agents provide potential clients’ contact information to the sales team of NewGenIvf, who then approach potential clients and provide consultation on services. Overall, approximately 50% of NewGenIvf’s patients are referrals from agents, among which approximately 80% are referrals from China and the remaining 20% from India, whereas the remaining 50% of NewGenIvf’s patients are patients who contact NewGenIvf directly through its websites from social media promotions. With its partnerships in various countries, NewGenIvf believes it is able to better benefit from the growing market opportunities.

 

Exclusively Licensed Technology for Family Planning and Access to Mature Fertility Technologies

 

NewGenIvf believes that its licenses and/or access to mature technologies contribute to its ability to identify and tailor ARS services to individual patient’s needs. These technologies include:

 

  ● MicroSort Technology: NewGenIvf holds an exclusive license granted by a division of the Genetics and IVF Institute, to use MicroSort technology in Thailand and Cambodia, which is a form of pre-conception gender selection technology for humans. MicroSort technology aims to separate male sperm cells based on which gender chromosome they contain, which results in separated semen samples that contain a higher percentage of sperm cells that carry the same gender chromosome. The technology ultimately helps couples choose the gender of their future child by choosing semen samples that predominately contain sperm with the X chromosome for a female or Y chromosome for a male. Traditionally and naturally, gender selection occurs after conception, meaning after the eggs are fertilized. As a result, some fertilized eggs will go unused. However, with MicroSort technology, NewGenIvf is able to increase the ratio of male or female embryos, based on the patient’s preference. Eggs are more likely to be fertilized according to the preferences of the parents. Other improvements that MicroSort treatment could help achieve include prevention of certain gender-related hereditary diseases. As of December 31, 2023, NewGenIvf was one of the only seven exclusive license holders of MicroSort technology world-wide.

 

  ● Preimplantation Genetic Screening (“PGS”): PGS is used in parallel with an IVF treatment cycle. PGS is the practice of determining the presence of aneuploidy (either too many or too few chromosomes) in a developing embryo. PGS improves success rates of in vitro fertilization by ensuring the transfer of euploid embryos that have a higher chance of implantation and resulting in a live birth. PGS has improved clinical outcomes for NewGenIvf by achieving a higher implantation rate of 70.9% and reducing miscarriage rates by 26.6%.

 

  ● Next-Generation Sequencing (“NGS”): NGS is a high-throughput technology for determining the sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid (“DNA”) or ribonucleic acid (“RNA”) to study genetic variation associated with diseases or other biological phenomena. NGS determines the sequence of a sample all at once by using parallel sequencing. Traditional Sanger sequencing determines the sequence of a sample one section at a time. Sequencing thousands of gene fragments simultaneously with NGS reduces time and cost associated with sequencing and increases the coverage quality and data output.

 

  ● Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (“PGD”): Similar to PGS, PGD is also used in parallel with an IVF treatment cycle. But PGD is a process more enhanced than PGS since it scans for individual genes. PGD is the practice of evaluating embryos for specific genetic abnormalities, such as sickle cell disease or cystic fibrosis, where carrier status has been documented in each of the parents. By using this technique, physicians are able to check the genes or chromosomes for a specific genetic condition. PGD can decrease the risk of miscarriage and this technology can help women better achieve a healthy pregnancy. Individuals who suspect or know they carry genes for serious medical conditions may opt to screen for healthy embryos ahead of time.

 

4

 

 

Well Established Brand with Reliable Reputation

 

The founders of NewGenIvf entered the fertility market as agents in 2011 by introducing patients in need to a Thailand clinic for fertility treatments. The founders of NewGenIvf started to operate their own clinic in Thailand in 2014 and subsequently added clinics in Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan. Since then, NewGenIvf has attracted clients from countries throughout Asia-Pacific, including Mainland China, Hong Kong, India, Thailand, Australia and Taiwan.

 

NewGenIvf benefits from the favourable geographic locations of its clinics, especially its clinic in Thailand. Located in central Bangkok and situated in one of the biggest shopping malls of the city, the clinic is located in close proximity to various transportation facilities and popular tourist attractions, such as the Erawan Shrine. In this regard, NewGenIvf believes that its business has benefited from, and will continue to benefit from, the convenience of its locations.

 

NewGenIvf has developed a relatively replicable and scalable operating model that supports high productivity at its assisted reproductive medical facilities in Asia. Under this model, NewGenIvf’s medical facilities have established standardized operating procedures to select the treatment process according to each patient’s profile. NewGenIvf’s medical and operational personnel are organized into specialized teams according to the different stages of the treatment process and different patient profiles. When patients are initially admitted or would like to seek additional medical services later on, they are assigned to one of the optimal medical teams, which NewGenIvf believes is better suited after taking into account the patient’s diagnosis and preferences. NewGenIvf believes that this model allows each team to improve its efficiency and arrange suitable physicians for patients.

 

The physicians of NewGenIvf have also developed and employed an operating model that seeks to increase the effectiveness of physicians by utilizing standardized workflows and operating procedures with teams of supporting nurses and medical assistants. This helps to increase the number of IVF treatment cycles that physicians can perform while providing treatment customized based on patient conditions.

 

With its established client service history, accumulated experience as well as its continuous upgrades and development of treatment models, NewGenIvf believes that it will be able to better monetize its brands through its business.

 

Experienced Management Team

 

The NewGenIvf management team has considerable experience in the ARS market and the broader healthcare industry. A considerable number of NewGenIvf’s management are physicians or laboratory technicians who possess extensive experience in the ARS industry and are experts in their respective fields. NewGenIvf’s Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Alfred Siu, has more than 13 years of experience in the fertility service market. Dr. Wiphawee Luangtangvarodom had over 8 years of experience as an obstetrician and gynecologist. NewGenIvf’s two lab supervisors, Ms. Anussara Phinyong, and Ms. Araya Boonchaisitthipong, each had over eight years of experience in the embryologist field. These individuals have extensive experience in managing assisted reproductive medical facilities. NewGenIvf is also led by other members of the professional management team, who are intimately involved in the operational and financial management of NewGenIvf’s Group. Leveraging their experience, NewGenIvf believes that it is well positioned to expand its network and aims to become a leader in the Asia Pacific ARS market.

 

Strategies

 

NewGenIvf’s vision is to provide tailored ARS solutions to fulfil patients’ dreams of becoming a parent. To realize this vision, NewGenIvf plans to adopt the following strategies:

 

Offer Broad Fertility Services for Fertility Tourists across Asia Pacific

 

NewGenIvf intends to provide broad fertility services for fertility tourists seeking high quality, cost effective and comprehensive fertility solutions. According to CIC, the demand for fertility tourism is driven by a variety of factors including the prevalence of infertility, the introduction of the Three-Child policy in China, the improved understanding of assisted reproductive technology and increased affordability of ARS. To address these needs, NewGenIvf plans to offer its customers a “hassle-free”, seamless and integrated ARS and hospitality arrangement experience. To complement its fertility services, NewGenIvf intends to integrate its offerings with additional services for traveling patients, most of whom are first-time fertility tourists, such as translation service, hotel arrangement and airport pickup services. NewGenIvf plans to enhance its customers’ experience by entering into exclusive cooperation arrangements with local premium hospitality providers.

 

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Furthermore, NewGenIvf expects the easing of COVID-19 travel restrictions to contribute to an increase in tourists seeking fertility services. According to CIC, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a delay in many patients’ plans for fertility treatments, with travel restrictions and border closures impacting their ability to access care. On May 5, 2023, the WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus announced that COVID-19 no longer constituted a public health emergency of international concern. The pent-up demand for these services is expected to be released with the lifting of the travel restrictions, leading to a surge in patients seeking fertility treatment. NewGenIvf’s believes that its strategy of offering a comprehensive approach to fertility treatments will help it capture a share of the growing market for fertility tourism in Asia Pacific.

 

Continue to Invest in Laboratories and Facilities

 

NewGenIvf believes laboratories and treatment facilities are critical to supporting its future research, development and clients experience. NewGenIvf currently operates two laboratories that offer IVF services, one in Thailand and one in Cambodia, and plans to continue to scale up its existing laboratories. NewGenIvf plans to continue to invest in upgrading its laboratories and facilities to complement its growth and expansion, which it believes will help NewGenIvf maintain an edge over its competitors with regard to technology, operational efficiency, scalability, and client experience.

 

NewGenIvf intends to develop advanced facilities for its existing laboratories, which will be conducting research on ARS related basic science and experiments relating to emerging technologies to improve ARS success rates and lower costs. NewGenIvf also plans to correlate its data on patient treatment protocols to the embryo physiologic data and the pregnancy success rate-related data to identify better treatment protocols to increase ARS success rates. NewGenIvf intends to continue to actively promote technological cooperation with tertiary institutions to discover ways to improve its IVF success rates. Furthermore, NewGenIvf seeks to actively deploy the technology that it possesses to expand the services it provides.

 

NewGenIvf has accumulated experience in treating patients over 40 years old with premature ovarian failure and patients who have had recurrent ARS implementation failure, by, for the example, injecting platelet rich plasma into the ovaries to stimulate and support growth of the follicles. NewGenIvf is also implementing certain technological advancements relevant to the ARS industry, including microfluidics, automated sperm analysers, time lapsed incubators, non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing (“PGT”) of cell-free DNA in spent media, automated systems for oocyte/embryo vitrification to reduce reagent consumption and decrease labor intensity, mitochondria replacement therapy to reconstruct oocytes by nuclear transfer of polar body genome from an MII oocyte into an enucleated donor MII cytoplasm, to increase the number of oocytes available for the treatment of infertile women, preimplantation methylome screening. There are also breakthrough developments in science including organ culture systems, induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, spermatogonial stem cells for creation of functional gametes, but these techniques are not yet ready for human clinical trials.

 

NewGenIvf also intends to develop clinically customised interior design concepts for its medical facilities, including improved service rooms, consultation rooms, reception areas, nutrition food areas, and traditional Chinese medicine (such as acupuncture) facilities.

 

Increase Brand Awareness and Market Share

 

NewGenIvf intends to maintain and strengthen its brand awareness and market share in Asia Pacific. In order to expand its reach and increase patient numbers, NewGenIvf plans to collaborate with local hospitals, companies, premium hospitality providers and other key players in the ARS industry in Asia Pacific. Additionally, NewGenIvf intends to increase brand awareness through social media promotions and marketing initiatives, and establishing its business development team with the goal of attracting new patients and partners across Asia Pacific. Meanwhile, NewGenIvf intends to provide innovative treatment services to attract more clients. For example, NewGenIvf plans to introduce IVF mental health services, which allows clients who fail in IVF treatments to access online consultation for further treatment plans such as egg donation and surrogacy. These new treatments services aim to enable NewGenIvf to attract potential clients. By adopting a comprehensive strategy to expand its market share, NewGenIvf aims to strengthen its reputation as a long-standing ARS provider and capture additional market share of the growingly ARS market in Asia-Pacific.

 

Expand Service Reach Through Acquisitions and Partnerships

 

Leveraging its reputation and footprint in its current markets, NewGenIvf intends to expand its reach, services offering and client base through strategic acquisitions and/or partnerships in Asia Pacific. Acquisitions of or by companies offering similar services could not only allow NewGenIvf to diversify its client base, but also allow it to benefit from potential economies of scale and increasing efficiency through consolidation. NewGenIvf could also leverage the acquired or acquiring company’s customer base, reputation and expertise to further improve its offerings and operations. NewGenIvf intends to focus on ARS providers in Asia Pacific which possess all conventional licenses and locally recognized brands. For the global market beyond Asia Pacific, NewGenIvf intends to expand its footprint through partnerships with other IVF clinics.

 

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In addition, NewGenIvf plans to explore expanding its client base by offering its fertility services as part of corporate benefit programs in Asia. NewGenIvf believes that there is potential in Asia in offering fertility treatments as a benefit for employees, particularly in companies with a large number of female employees of childbearing age. By partnering with corporate clients to provide fertility benefits, NewGenIvf can increase its market reach, enhance its brand reputation, and drive client growth. NewGenIvf’s broad range of fertility services, including IVF and egg freezing, can help corporate partners differentiate their employee benefits in the competitive employment landscape, which could make them more attractive to potential employees. Additionally, by offering these services, companies can help address the growing concern of delayed childbearing, which is becoming more common among women according to CIC. NewGenIvf plans to collaborate with potential corporate clients to develop customized fertility benefit programs that cater to their specific needs, and to provide comprehensive support and counselling throughout the process.

 

Meanwhile, NewGenIvf also intends to attract more clients by establishing its “home country gynecologist partnership program”. Under the program, NewGenIvf may, subject to its discretion and screening process, offer treatment services to clients with reduced time requirements to be spent overseas. Depending on local laws, the potential clients may be able to complete their treatments with gynecologists NewGenIvf partners with, in their home countries.

  

Business Model

 

With a focus on providing fertility treatments to fulfil couples and individuals’ dreams of raising children, NewGenIvf offers mainly two services, namely: (i) IVF treatment service, comprising traditional IVF and egg donation; and (ii) surrogacy and ancillary caring services. The following table sets forth NewGenIvf’s revenue by service offerings and as a percentage of total revenue for the periods indicated:

 

   For the Year ended December 31, 
   2023   2022 
   US$   %   US$   % 
IVF Treatment Service   4,021,696    78.3    2,819,163    47.4 
Surrogacy and Ancillary Caring Services   1,114,457    21.7    3,125,027    52.6 
Total Revenue   5,136,153    100.0    5,944,190    100.0 

 

IVF Treatment Service

 

NewGenIvf primarily provides its clients with conventional IVF/ICSI and embryo transfer services. NewGenIvf is also able to, through MicroSort technology, help fulfill the family-balancing dreams of its clients and avoiding certain gender-related hereditary diseases.

 

IVF treatments that NewGenIvf provides address tubal factor, ovulatory dysfunction, diminished ovarian reserve, endometriosis, uterine factor, male factor, unexplained infertility and other causes. IVF bypasses the function of the fallopian tube by achieving fertilization within a laboratory environment. Ovarian hyper-stimulation is common with IVF treatments to recruit numerous follicles to increase the chances for success. Follicles are retrieved trans-vaginally using a vaginal probe and ultrasound guidance. Anaesthesia is frequently used due to the number of follicles retrieved and the resulting discomfort experienced by the patient. The eggs are identified in the follicular fluid and combined with sperm and culture medium in culture dishes, which are placed in an incubator with a temperature and gas environment designed to mimic the condition of the fallopian tubes. Once the embryos develop, typically over a 3-to-5-day period, they are transferred to the uterine cavity. According to CIC, the average clinical pregnancy success rates, using 5-day incubation, averaged approximately 64.6% (with no PGT) for IVF, with live birth rate at approximately 28.7%.

 

As a long-standing IVF treatments provider in Asia-Pacific, NewGenIvf had completed over 4,000 cycles of IVF treatments from 2014 to 2023. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the revenue from NewGenIvf’s IVF treatments was US$4,021,696 and US$2,819,163, respectively, representing 78.3% and 47.4% of its total revenue in the corresponding periods.

 

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IVF Treatments Process

 

A typical IVF treatment process mainly includes two stages, the pre-IVF treatment stage and the IVF treatment stage. During the IVF treatment process, NewGenIvf also provides support services such as nutrition guidance and psychological counselling. The flow chart below shows the stages involved in a typical IVF treatment process:

 

 

At the pre-IVF treatment stage, clients attend an initial consultation, undergo pre-IVF tests, and undergo treatment for gynaecological and andrological diseases, if needed. At the initial consultation, a physician reviews the clients’ detailed medical history to collect more information relating to the potential cause of their infertility. The client then undergoes various pre-IVF tests, which may include, among other things, blood pressure, hormone level, ultrasound, infectious disease screening, uterine evaluation and male fertility test. The physician will then design treatment plans based on the client’s medical history and results of the tests. If the client is satisfied with treatment plan and the test results are acceptable to the physician, the physician will prescribe medications and start stimulation treatment.

 

The first step of the cycle is to boost egg production through injecting synthetic hormones. Over about one week of ovarian stimulation, clients are monitored on a regular basis with blood test and transvaginal ultrasound. If follicles have reached at least 10 mm in size, an additional antagonist drug will be added into the daily injection schedule. This is used to prevent ovulation before ovum pickup time. After another few days of ovarian simulation, if follicle growth is consistent and majority of follicles are around 16 mm to 17 mm, the final injection of a human chorionic gonadotropin will be administered. The trigger injection is the final step of the stimulation process and is for the maturation of the eggs in the follicles before they are collected. The next major step is to retrieve the eggs with a minor surgical procedure called Trans Vaginal Follicle Aspiration conducted under anaesthesia. At the same time the male partner collects the sperms for fertilizing the eggs in the laboratory by a process known as intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The fertilized embryos are cultured in the laboratory for two to six days. Embryos that grow well are biopsied and tested by PGT to detect potential genetic diseases.

 

The final step is to transfer the embryos into the uterus using a catheter. Within eight days after the embryo transfer, a blood test can be conducted to detect whether the implantation was successful.

 

MicroSort Technology

 

MicroSort technology is a preconception process developed by the Genetics and IVF Institute, Inc. that aims to improve the chances that the baby to be conceived will be of the desired gender and prevents certain gender-related hereditary diseases.

 

Semen samples usually contain equal amounts of sperm carrying the Y chromosome (which will produce a boy), and sperm carrying the X chromosome (which will produce a girl). During the MicroSort process, the sperm sample is washed to remove seminal liquid and nonmotile cells. After the washing, the sample is stained with a special fluorescent material that attaches to the DNA contained in the sperm. The stained sperm cells are analyzed one by one by a flow cytometer, in which cells pass through a laser to make the stain attach to the DNA fluoresce. The sperm containing the X chromosome (which have more DNA and therefore more stain) will shine brighter than the sperm containing the Y chromosome. The flow cytometer uses a special software to identify X and Y chromosome sperm based on their fluorescence signature. The sperm carrying the chromosome that will produce the desired gender are separated from the rest of the sample -resulting in an enriched sperm sample ready for use.

 

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NewGenIvf holds an exclusive license granted by a division of the Genetics and IVF Institute, MicroSort International, to use the MicroSort technology in Thailand and Cambodia. MicroSort licenses for NewGenIvf’s operation in Thailand and Cambodia are each provided under a lease and service agreement. In April 2019, First Fertility PGS entered into a Lease and Services Agreement with MicroSort International to use MicroSort equipment in Thailand and in March 2019, Phnom Penh Center entered into a Lease and Services Agreement with MicroSort International to use MicroSort equipment in Cambodia (together, the “Lease and Services Agreements”). Pursuant to the Lease and Services Agreements, First Fertility PGS and Phnom Penh Center each has the exclusive right to utilize the MicroSort equipment and to market and sell MicroSort sperm sorting services in Thailand and Cambodia, respectively. MicroSort International is responsible for the maintenance of MicroSort equipment and technical and engineering support. The term of each Lease and Service Agreements is initially from 2019 to 2024, which shall be automatically renewed for one year unless a written notice of at least 180 days prior to the intended termination date is provided. The consideration under each of the Lease and Services Agreements is US$9,000 per month after six months from the effective date of the agreements. MicroSort International was entitled to a down payment of US$15,000 per agreement and the aggregated amounts received by it under the agreements was US$328,500. During the term of each lease and service agreement, MicroSort grants NewGenIvf the exclusive right in that country to utilize the MicroSort equipment and market MicroSort services. The term of each lease and service agreement is initially from 2019 to 2024, which shall be automatically renewed for one year unless a written notice at least 180 days prior to the intended termination date is provided. The flow chart below shows the process involved in MicroSort:

 

 

Preimplantation Genetic Screening

 

PGS is used in parallel with an IVF treatment cycle. PGS is the practice of determining the presence of aneuploidy (either too many or too few chromosomes) in a developing embryo. PGS improves success rates of in vitro fertilization by ensuring the transfer of euploid embryos that have a higher chance of implantation and resulting in a live birth. PGS has improved clinical outcomes for NewGenIvf by achieving a higher implantation rate of 70.9% and reducing miscarriage rates by 26.6%.

 

Next-Generation Sequencing

 

NGS is a high-throughput technology for determining the sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid DNA or RNA to study genetic variation associated with diseases or other biological phenomena. NGS determines the sequence of a sample all at once by using parallel sequencing. Traditional Sanger sequencing determines the sequence of a sample one section at a time. Sequencing thousands of gene fragments simultaneously with NGS reduces time and cost associated with sequencing and increases the coverage quality and data output.

 

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

 

Similar to PGS, PGD is also used in parallel with an IVF treatment cycle. But PGD is a more enhanced process than PGS since it scans for individual genes. PGD is the practice of evaluating embryos for specific genetic abnormalities, such as sickle cell disease or cystic fibrosis, where carrier status has been documented in each of the parents. By using this technique, physicians are able to check the genes or chromosomes for a specific genetic condition. PGD can decrease the risk of miscarriage and this technology can help women achieve a healthy pregnancy. Individuals who suspect or know they carry genes for serious medical conditions may opt to screen for healthy embryos ahead of time.

 

Surrogacy and Ancillary Caring Services

 

NewGenIvf also generated revenue from surrogacy services and related ancillary caring services in Kyrgyzstan. NewGenIvf conducts implantation of embryos from biological parents in surrogate mothers. During the pregnancy period, NewGenIvf provides ancillary caring services including regular body check and provision of vitamins, supplements and medicines to surrogate mothers. Revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services is recognized when the surrogate mother gives birth. Surrogacy services provide infertile couples with an alternative method of having children. In general, NewGenIvf provides certain discount to clients if they wish to pursue additional services such as egg donation and surrogacy, after several cycles of IVF treatments failures due to medical reasons including, but not limited to, the poor egg quality of aged female clients.

 

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As compared to other countries, Kyrgyzstan has the following features that allow NewGenIvf to operates its surrogacy services: (i) surrogacy is legal and regulated, which means that there are less restrictions on either intended parents or surrogate mothers, and a parent-child relationship can be requested before the child’s birth; and (ii) the costs of operation and surrogate mother is favourable, given the cost of living in Kyrgyzstan is relatively low.

 

In addition to the regular surrogacy services, NewGenIvf is also able to assist the clients with birth certificate applications and facilitate the application of infants’ passports and visas as supplemental services.

 

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the revenue from NewGenIvf’s surrogacy and ancillary caring services was US$1,114,457 and US$3,125,027, respectively, representing 21.7% and 52.6% of its total revenue in the corresponding periods.

 

The flow chart below shows the stages involved in a typical surrogacy process:

 

 

In Kyrgyzstan, NewGenIvf also provides ancillary fertility services when carrying out surrogacy services. These ancillary fertility services include: (i) maternity caring service, and (ii) documentation service.

 

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Network of Facilities

 

As of December 31, 2023, NewGenIvf had one marketing and sales support office located in Hong Kong and three clinics located in Thailand, in Cambodia, and in Kyrgyzstan, respectively. The integration of the medical facilities in Thailand help NewGenIvf provide a more seamless one-stop experience to its clients. Set out below is an illustration of the locations of NewGenIvf’s clinics and marketing and sales office:

 

 

The following table sets forth the approximate aggregate average gross floor area (“G.F.A.”) of each of NewGenIvf’s clinics that were under lease and actively used for client service as of December 31, 2023:

 

   As of
December 31,
2023		 
   (Square Feet) 
Thailand    
First Fertility PGS Center Co., Ltd.
(“First Fertility PGS Center”)		   14,750 
      
Cambodia     
First Fertility Phnom Penh Center
(“Phnom Penh Center”)		   18,567 
      
Kyrgyzstan     
First Fertility Bishkek Limited Liability Company
(“First Fertility Bishkek”)		   2,368 
      
Aggregate G.F.A   35,685 

 

To increase the scale of NewGenIvf’s operations, NewGenIvf expanded its Thailand fertility services by leasing a new property for its second clinic Erawan Consultation Clinic in May 2023. Consisting of approximately 2,500 sq. ft., Erawan Consultation Clinic is expected to open in 2024.

 

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Currently, IVF treatments are performed in its Thailand and Cambodia clinics, egg donation services are provided in its Cambodia clinic, and surrogacy services are provided in its Kyrgyzstan clinic. The following table summarises the services available at NewGenIvf’s clinics:

 

   IVF
Treatments		  Surrogacy
Services
Thailand      
First Fertility PGS Center  √  ×
       
Cambodia      
Phnom Penh Center  √  ×
       
Kyrgyzstan      
First Fertility Bishkek  ×  √

 

√ — Yes

 

× — No

 

The following table sets forth a breakdown of revenue from services performed at NewGenIvf’s medical centers for the periods indicated:

 

   For the Year ended December 31, 
   2023   2022 
   US$   %   US$   % 
HK SAR   34,038    0.7    —    — 
Thailand   1,356,903    26.4    505,609    8.5 
Cambodia   621,619    12.1    377,608    6.4 
Kyrgyzstan   3,123,593    60.8    5,060,973    85.1 
Total Revenue   5,136,153    100.0    5,944,190    100.0 

 

Thailand Clinic

 

As of December 31, 2023, NewGenIvf had one clinic in Thailand. At the clinic in Thailand, NewGenIvf offers its clients customized fertility treatment solutions including IVF/ICSI, embryo culture, hormonal blood tests, infectious diseases tests, chromosome screening by PGT, hysteroscopy, sperm analysis, sorting, washing and freezing, and egg freezing. Its medical and operational personnel are organized into specialized teams according to the different stages of the IVF treatment process and different patient profiles. When clients are admitted, they are assigned to a team which NewGenIvf believes is better suited the clients after taking into account the clients’ diagnosis and preferences. Furthermore, NewGenIvf also provides related value-added services such as nutrition guidance, psychological counselling, acupuncture, and translation interpreters to supplement the IVF treatment. NewGenIvf prides itself on providing quality and customized treatment to its clients on a day-to-day basis.

 

As of December 31, 2023, the clinic in Thailand had six nurses, 8 full time lab physicians and embryologists, 14 administrative staff, totaling 28 staff members.

 

Cambodia Clinic

 

NewGenIvf has one clinic, Phnom Penh Center, in Cambodia. Phnom Penh Center is staffed with one Cambodian physician, three embryologists, five nurses and twelve other staff, and offers similar IVF treatments as in Thailand and egg donation services. Phnom Penh Center operates under a license issued by Cambodia MOH for the Cambodian physician, who has entered into an agreement with Phnom Penh Center for the exclusive use of such license.

 

After eight years of development since its opening in 2015, Phnom Penh Center has become one of the long-standing ARS providers in Cambodia. According to CIC, it was the first to use conventional IVF technology which led to a successful birth in 2016 in Cambodia. Since its establishment, Phnom Penh Center achieved more than 1,600 IVF treatment cycles as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, Phnom Penh Center’s IVF philosophy concentrates on three key points in the treatment process: the mother’s wellbeing, the technology used to assist mothers deliver a strong and healthy baby and the medical science used to ensure every chance of success for women in various age spectrums.

 

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Clinic in Kyrgyzstan

 

NewGenIvf established First Fertility Bishkek in October 2019 in Kyrgyzstan for its surrogacy services, as Kyrgyzstan has supply of surrogate candidates at a relatively low cost and a more friendly legal environment for surrogacy services. In 2020, First Fertility Bishkek obtained the license to provide ARS and surrogacy services, becoming one of the few facilities licensed to offer ARS and one of the facilities licensed to offer surrogacy services in Kyrgyzstan as of December 31, 2023, according to CIC. In addition, NewGenIvf also provide related ancillary fertility services when carrying out surrogacy services. These ancillary fertility services include: (i) maternity caring service, and (ii) documentation service.

 

Physicians at First Fertility Bishkek have expertise in sourcing surrogate mothers, techniques of embryo transfers, prenatal care, baby delivery, and postnatal care. First Fertility Bishkek also collaborates closely with Phnom Penh Center in arranging shipment of frozen embryos. NewGenIvf hires local physicians and local staff. NewGenIvf also provides training for newly admitted Kyrgyzstan physicians and embryologists in Thailand. Some personnel who had relevant experience in Kyrgyzstan had also been sent from Cambodia to Kyrgyzstan to help manage such operations from time to time.

 

As of December 31, 2023, First Fertility Bishkek had one full-time physician, one embryologist, two nurses, and ten other staff.

 

Professionals

 

Licensed Physicians

 

As of December 31, 2023, NewGenIvf contracted with five licensed physicians, among which one was based in Cambodia and the other four were based in Thailand. Most of NewGenIvf’s physicians had over 10 years of experience or above. The following table summarises the number and types of such licensed physicians as of December 31, 2023.

 

Country   Licensed physician   Licenses and
Approvals		   Effective Period   Issuing
Authority
Cambodia   Mr. Keut Serey   Decision on permission for beauty treatment operation   December 14, 2022 – December 14, 2026   The Ministry of Health of Cambodia
Thailand   Dr Patsama Vichinsartvichai   Medical Facility Operating License number 288006   August 12, 2022 – December 31, 2023   The Ministry of Health of Thailand
        Number 30920 Medical Practitioner License   April 1, 2004 – Indefinite   The Ministry of Health of Thailand
        Number 26443/2556 Reproductive Medicine Diploma   July 1, 2013 – Indefinite   Medical Council of Thailand
        Certificate number obscured OB-Gyn License   October 13, 2010 – Indefinite   Medical Council of Thailand
Thailand   Dr Keatthisak Boonsimma   Number 31801 Medical Practitioner License   April 1, 2005 – Indefinite   Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Thailand
        Number 22624/2554 OB-Gyn License   July 1, 2014 – Indefinite   Medical Council of Thailand
        Number 40962/2563 Reproductive Medicine Diploma   July 1, 2020 – Indefinite   Medical Council of Thailand

 

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Country   Licensed physician   Licenses and
Approvals		   Effective Period   Issuing
Authority
Thailand   Dr Seree Teerapong   Number 15231/2564 Reproductive Medicine License   July 1, 2021 – Indefinite   Medical Council of Thailand
        Number 4576/2533 OB-Gyn License   July 12, 1990 – Indefinite   Medical Council of Thailand
        Number 11544 (replacement) Medical Practitioner License   April 12, 1984 – Indefinite   Medical Council of Thailand
Thailand   Dr Wiphawee Luangtangvarodom   Number 38347/2562 OB-Gyn License   August 1, 2019 – Indefinite   Medical Council of Thailand
        Number 43217/2564 Reproductive Medicine License   July 1, 2021 – Indefinite   Medical Council of Thailand
        Number 48510 Medical Practitioner License   April 1, 2014 – Indefinite   Medical Council of Thailand

 

Agreements with Physicians

 

NewGenIvf enters into independent physician agreements or employment contracts with its physicians. The terms and conditions and the format of the agreements NewGenIvf enters into with each of its physicians vary, depending on the physician’s seniority and practise nature.

 

Customers

 

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the majority of NewGenIvf’s clients were from China (including mainland China and Hong Kong). The number of Thai and Cambodian local patients generally increased in 2022 and 2023 compared with earlier years due to the impact of COVID-19 on international travel. NewGenIvf enters into a service agreement with each of its customers that outline, among other things, the scope of services, service fees, payment terms and rights, responsibilities and obligations of each party. Customers are not entitled to enjoy the relevant services until outstanding amounts have been settled pursuant to the relevant contract. Sales to individual consumers did not vary significantly and none of the customers contribute more than 10% of NewGenIvf’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

 

The following table sets forth a breakdown of NewGenIvf’s total customers by major countries (determined by the passports they provided to NewGenIvf for registration) and as a percentage of the total customers for the periods indicated(1):

 

   For the Year ended December 31, 
   2023   2022 
   First
Fertility
PGS
Center		   Phnom
Penh
Center		   Total   %   First
Fertility
PGS
Center		   Phnom
Penh
Center		   Total   % 
China(2)   34    87    121    42    66    117    183    72 
India   16    —    16    6    16    —    16    6 
Thailand   103    —    103    36    25    3    28    11 
Cambodia   —    7    7    2    —    22    22    9 
Others(3)   31    9    40    14    —    5    5    2 
Total   184    103    287    100    107    147    254    100 

 

(1) Customers of First Fertility Bishkek are the same customers of Phnom Penh Center.

 

(2) Include customers from mainland China and Hong Kong.

 

(3) Include customers from Philippines, Singapore, USA, Korea, Nigeria and UK.

 

In addition to significant customers using NewGenIvf’s IVF treatment services and surrogacy and ancillary caring services, NewGenIvf also has customers who only use its relatively insignificant services, such as check-ups services, blood test services and other minor services (the latter category of customers are referred to as “consultation customers”).

 

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Sales and Marketing

 

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, NewGenIvf promoted brand awareness through its sales teams and, in many cases, through cooperating with third-party agencies and partners.

 

NewGenIvf’s sales teams have broad experience in fertility services and are responsible for identifying potential clients and managing the overall sales process. NewGenIvf’s sales team primarily relies on social media marketing, word-of-mouth referrals, recognition of its brand, printed advertisements and marketing events. NewGenIvf spends marketing expenses on placing advertisements through popular social media platforms, maintaining the official website of NewGenIvf and sending information through its official accounts on social media platforms.

 

Supply and Procurement

 

NewGenIvf’s procurement is mainly for medications, laboratory media and reagents, laboratory consumables, and blood test reagents. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, one and four suppliers individually contributed more than 10% of the Group’s trade payable, in aggregate accounting for 30.6% and 69.8% of the Group’s trade payables, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, nil and two vendors contributed more than 10% of total purchases of the Group, in aggregate accounting for nil and 55.3% of the Group’s total purchases, respectively. NewGenIvf’s procurement team is experienced in selecting cost-effective supplies as well as selecting reliable suppliers. NewGenIvf’s major suppliers are pharmaceutical companies.

 

Competition

 

NewGenIvf believes that it is a long-standing provider of ARS in Asia Pacific that competes primarily based on the following competitive factors:

 

●the value and comprehensiveness of the solutions;

 

●treatment that is effective and achieves desired outcomes;

 

●clients’ experience, including dedicated patient education, clinical guidance and emotional support; and

 

●access to a network of high-quality fertility specialists.

 

NewGenIvf competes primarily with other regional fertility service providers. While NewGenIvf does not believe any single competitor offers a comparably robust and integrated fertility solution package as NewGenIvf in the regions that it operates, NewGenIvf’s competitors may compete in a variety of ways, including by providing better services, having established local connections, fulfilling evolving client needs, as well as conducting brand promotions and other marketing activities.

 

As NewGenIvf may introduce new ancillary services and other companies may introduce similar fertility services as NewGenIvf’s, NewGenIvf may become subject to additional competition.

 

Facilities

 

As of December 31, 2023, in addition to its clinics, NewGenIvf leased one property in Hong Kong with an aggregate square footage of approximately 8,000 for its administration support offices. NewGenIvf also operates its medical facilities as described above in “— Network of Facilities” above. NewGenIvf believes that its existing facilities are suitable and adequate to meet its current needs.

 

C. Organizational Structure

 

The following is a list of our principal subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities as of the date of this prospectus:

 

Name   Place of Formation   Relationship
         
Legacy NewGenIvf   Cayman Islands   Wholly-owned subsidiary
         
FFPGS (HK) Ltd   Hong Kong   Indirect subsidiary, wholly owned by Legacy NewGenIvf
         
First Fertility Bishkek LLC   Kyrgyzstan   Indirect subsidiary, wholly owned by Legacy NewGenIvf
         
First Fertility PGS Center Limited   Thailand   Indirect subsidiary, wholly owned by Well Image Limited HK
         
First Fertility Phnom Penh Ltd   Kingdom of Cambodia   Indirect subsidiary, wholly owned by Legacy NewGenIvf
         
Med Holdings Limited   Thailand   Indirect subsidiary, wholly owned by Well Image Limited HK
         
Well Image Limited HK   Hong Kong   Indirect subsidiary, wholly owned by Legacy NewGenIvf

 

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D. Property, Plants and Equipment

 

The Company leases the premises for its principal executive office located at 36/39-36/40, 13th Floor, PS Tower, Sukhumvit 21 Road (Asoke) Khlong Toei Nuea Sub-district, Watthana District, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. This property contains approximately 14,750 square feet. The Company leases one property in Hong Kong with an aggregate square footage of approximately 8,000 for its administration support offices.

 

The Company also leases several premises to operate its clinics in various countries. In Kyrgyzstan, the Company operates the First Fertility Bishkek Limited Liability Company, which premises have an aggregate area of 2,368 square feet. In Cambodia, the Company operates the First Fertility Phnom Penh Center, which premises have an aggregate area of 18,567 square feet. In Thailand, the Company operates a clinic named First Fertility PGS Center Co., Ltd., which premises have an aggregate area of 14,750 square feet.

 

The Company also leases premises located in Thailand for its anticipated Erawan Consultation Clinic clinic, with an aggregate area of approximately 2,500 square feet. This property is used as the Company’s second clinic in Thailand, which is expected to open in 2024.

 

Implications of being a “Foreign Private Issuer”

 

We are subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to “foreign private issuers,” and under those requirements, we file reports with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to the same requirements that are imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. Under the Exchange Act, we are subject to reporting obligations that, in certain respects, are less detailed and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. For example, we are not required to issue quarterly reports, proxy statements that comply with the requirements applicable to U.S. domestic reporting companies or individual executive compensation information that is as detailed as that required of U.S. domestic reporting companies. We also have four months after the end of each fiscal year to file our annual report with the SEC and are not required to file current reports as frequently or promptly as U.S. domestic reporting companies. Our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the requirements to report transactions in our equity securities and from the short-swing profit liability provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) promulgated under the Exchange Act. In addition, as a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of those otherwise required under the rules of Nasdaq for domestic U.S. issuers and are not required to be compliant with all Nasdaq rules as of the date of our initial listing on Nasdaq as would domestic U.S. issuers. These exemptions and leniencies will reduce the frequency and scope of information and protections available to you in comparison to those applicable to a U.S. domestic reporting company. We intend to take advantage of the exemptions available to us as a foreign private issuer.

 

Summary of Risk Factors

 

Investing in our Ordinary Shares involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before making an investment in our shares. Below please find a summary of the principal risks we face, organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed more fully in the section titled “Risk Factors” and in Part I, Item 3, D. Risk Factors in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F.

 

Risks Related to NewGenIvf’s Business and Industry 

 

  ● We may not be able to continue operating as a going concern.
     
  ● The fertility market in which NewGenIvf participates is competitive, and if NewGenIvf does not continue to compete effectively, its results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
     
  ● NewGenIvf has a limited operating history with its current platform of solutions, which makes it difficult to predict its future prospects, financial performance and results of operations.
     
  ● NewGenIvf’s marketing efforts depend significantly on its ability to receive positive references from its existing clients.
     
  ● If NewGenIvf is unable to attract new clients, its business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
     
  ● NewGenIvf’s business depends on its ability to maintain its existing client demographics. Any failure to do so would harm its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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  ● If NewGenIvf fails to offer high-quality support, its reputation could suffer.
     
  ● NewGenIvf’s failure to effectively develop and expand its marketing and sales capabilities could harm its ability to increase its client base and achieve broader market acceptance of solutions NewGenIvf provides.
     
  ● NewGenIvf may experience net losses and may not sustain profitability in the future.
     
  ● NewGenIvf’s future revenue may not grow at the rates it historically has, or at all.
     
  ● NewGenIvf’s quarterly and annual results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of NewGenIvf’s business.
     
  ● If the estimates and assumptions NewGenIvf uses to determine the size of the target markets for its services are inaccurate, its future growth rate may be impacted and its business would be harmed.
     
  ● NewGenIvf may not be able to successfully manage its growth, and if NewGenIvf is not able to grow efficiently, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
     
  ● If NewGenIvf’s new solutions and services are not adopted by its clients, or if it fails to innovate and develop new offerings that are adopted by its clients, its revenue and results of operations may be adversely affected.
     
  ● If NewGenIvf fails to adapt and respond effectively to the changing medical landscape, changing regulations, changing client needs, requirements or preferences, its offerings may become less competitive.
     
  ● If NewGenIvf fails to maintain and enhance its brand, its ability to expand its client base will be impaired and its business, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.
     
  ● If NewGenIvf fails to retain and motivate members of its management team or other key employees, or fails to attract additional qualified personnel to support its operations, its business and future growth prospects could be harmed.
     
  ● To successfully market and sell its services and products in Asia-Pacific markets, NewGenIvf must address many international business risks with which NewGenIvf has limited experience.
     
  ● Ethical, legal and social concerns related to the use of assisted reproductive technology could reduce demand for the fertility services provided by the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network, and thus may adversely affect the business, financial conditions and results of operations of the medical facilities in its network.
     
  ● NewGenIvf is reliant on revenue from international clients.
     
  ● Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material and adverse effect on NewGenIvf’s results of operations and the value of your investment.
     
  ● Governmental control of currency conversion may limit NewGenIvf’s ability to utilize NewGenIvf’s net revenue effectively and affect the value of your investment.
     
  ● Substantially all of NewGenIvf’s assets and operations are located in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan and they are subject to economic, legal and regulatory uncertainties in such countries.
     
  ● Failure to comply with the terms of future financing arrangements could result in default, which could have an adverse effect on NewGenIvf’s cash flow and liquidity.
     
  ● NewGenIvf requires a significant amount of capital to fund its operations and growth. If NewGenIvf cannot obtain sufficient capital on acceptable terms, its business, financial condition, and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.
     
  ● The defects in certain leased property interests and failure to register certain lease agreements may materially and adversely affect NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.
     
  ● NewGenIvf currently has no insurance coverage for its operations.
     
  ● NewGenIvf may not be successful in adapting to technological developments, which may affect its business and results of operations.
     
  ● If its computer systems, or those of its providers, specialty pharmacies or other downstream vendors lag, fail or suffer security breaches, NewGenIvf may incur a material disruption of its services, which could materially impact its business and the results of operations.

 

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Risks Related to NewGenIvf’s Relationships with Third Parties

 

  ● NewGenIvf’s business depends on its ability to maintain its network of high-quality fertility specialists and other healthcare providers. If NewGenIvf is unable to do so, its future growth would be limited and its business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed.
     
  ● The medical facilities and professionals in NewGenIvf’s network could become the subject of litigation, allegations and other claims, and NewGenIvf is not insured against these liabilities.
     
  ● The assisted reproductive medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network have limited control over the quality of the pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, medical consumables and other supplies used in its operations, and cannot guarantee that the products in use are not defective or counterfeit. NewGenIvf also has no control over independent sub-contractors and cannot guarantee the services thereof.
     
  ● If NewGenIvf loses its relationship with one or more key pharmaceutical manufacturers, its business and results of operations could be adversely affected.
     
  ● NewGenIvf has engaged in transactions with related parties, and such transactions present potential conflicts of interest that could have an adverse effect on its business and results of operations.
     
  ● NewGenIvf may be subject to claims and allegations relating to intellectual property and other causes.
     
  ●

Certain data and information in this prospectus relied on by NewGenIvf were obtained from third-party data and polls. These metrics were not independently verified by NewGenIvf and may not be accurate.

 

Risks Related to Government Regulation

 

  ● NewGenIvf operates in a highly regulated industry and must comply with a significant number of complex and evolving requirements. Any lack of requisite approvals, licenses, or permits applicable to NewGenIvf’s business may have a material and adverse impact on NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
     
  ● Changes in NewGenIvf’s effective tax rate or tax liability may have an adverse effect on its results of operations.
     
  ● NewGenIvf’s reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in relevant jurisdictions.
     
  ● NewGenIvf’s reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in relevant jurisdictions.
     
  ● If NewGenIvf’s estimates or judgments relating to its critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, its results of operations could be adversely affected.
     
  ●

NewGenIvf is subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, and similar laws, and non-compliance with such laws can subject it to criminal or civil liability and harm its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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THE OFFERING

 

This prospectus relates to the resale by the Selling Shareholders identified in this prospectus of up to 5,912,281 Ordinary Shares. All of the Ordinary Shares, when sold, will be sold by these Selling Shareholders. The Selling Shareholders may sell their Ordinary Shares from time to time at prevailing market prices. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholders.

 

Ordinary Shares currently issued and outstanding   10,149,386 Class A Ordinary Shares
     
Ordinary Shares offered by the Selling Shareholders   Up to 5,912,281 Class A Ordinary Shares
     
Use of proceeds   We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholders. All net proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares covered by this prospectus will go to the Selling Shareholders (see “Use of Proceeds”).
     
Risk factors   You should read the “Risk Factors” section starting on page 20 of this prospectus for a discussion of factors to consider carefully before deciding to invest in our securities.
     
Nasdaq symbol   “NIVF” (Class A Ordinary Shares); “NIVFW” (Warrants to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares).

 

The number of Class A Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding is 10,149,386 as of September 4, 2024. No new Class A Ordinary Shares will be issued by us under this offering.

 

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RISK FACTORS

 

Investing in our Class A Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described in Part I, Item 3, D. Risk Factors in our most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, together with the other information set forth in this prospectus, and in the other documents that we include or incorporate by reference into this prospectus, as updated by our Current Reports on Form 6-K and other filings we make with the SEC, the risk factors described under the caption “Risk Factors” in any applicable prospectus supplement and any risk factors set forth in our other filings with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, before making a decision about investing in our Ordinary Shares. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. If any risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. In such an event, the trading price of our Ordinary Shares could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment.

 

Additionally, we are also subject to the following risk factors.

 

Risks Related to NewGenIvf’s Business and Industry 

 

We may not be able to continue operating as a going concern.

  

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had bank balance of $54,104 and may have challenge to settle its obligations when payment become due. The Company is always closely monitoring the market opportunities and is currently in the process of exercising various fundraising projects with various potential investors to improve the Company's cash flow position for its operation and short-term payables.

 

One fundraising project was completed on April 3, 2024. As of April 4, 2024, the Company settled $2 million to any payment with respect to accounts payable, but not, directly or indirectly, for (i) except for expenses relating to the Business Combination, the satisfaction of any indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) the redemption or repurchase of any securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iii) the settlement of any outstanding litigation as at December 31, 2023. The Company secured funding subsequent to year-end with total of $2 million, and that the Company received $2 million funding to date.

 

The Company can make no assurance that required financings will be available for the amounts needed, or on terms commercially acceptable to the Company, if at all. If one or all of these events does not occur or subsequent capital raises are insufficient to bridge financial and liquidity shortfall, there would likely be a material adverse effect on the Company and its financial statements.

 

The consolidated financial statements do not reflect adjustments that would be necessary if the going concern basis was not appropriate.  If the going concern basis was not appropriate for these consolidated financial statements, then adjustments would be necessary in the carrying value of the assets and liabilities, the reported revenues and expenses, and the balance sheet classifications used. These adjustments could be material.

 

The fertility market in which NewGenIvf participates is competitive, and if NewGenIvf does not continue to compete effectively, its results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

The market for NewGenIvf’s solutions is competitive and is likely to attract increased competition, which could make it hard for it to succeed. NewGenIvf faces significant competition from other fertility companies and other players in the fertility market. Some of NewGenIvf’s competitors are more established, have a longer operating history and a larger client base, benefit from greater brand recognition and have substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources than NewGenIvf does. NewGenIvf’s competitors may compete with NewGenIvf in a variety of ways, including seeking to develop or integrating solutions and services that may become more efficient or appealing to NewGenIvf’s existing and potential clients, achieving superior clinical outcomes, having access to a network of more high-quality fertility specialists, establishing more comprehensive data reporting and sharing systems, conducting brand promotions and other marketing activities, and making investments in and acquisitions of NewGenIvf’s business partners. While NewGenIvf believes that one of its key competitive advantages is its ability to provide a broad range of services, and NewGenIvf does not believe any competitors have developed a similar broad range services in Asia Pacific at this time, current or future competitors may be successful in doing so in the future. If current or future competitors are successful at developing a similar broad range of services, NewGenIvf’s financial performance may be negatively impacted.

 

In addition, NewGenIvf believes that there is growing awareness of the demand for fertility services. As the fertility services field gains more attention, more competitors may be drawn into the market. NewGenIvf also could be adversely affected if NewGenIvf fails to identify or effectively respond to changes in market dynamics. As a result of any of these factors, NewGenIvf may not be able to continue to compete successfully against its current or future competitors, and this competition could result in the decrease in its clients base and market share and the failure of its platform to continue to maintain market acceptance, which would materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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NewGenIvf has a limited operating history with its current platform of solutions, which makes it difficult to predict its future prospects, financial performance and results of operations.

 

The predecessor entity of the Company prior to the Business Combination in April of 2024, NewGenIvf Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company, was established in 2019, and although it launched its fertility services in 2014, has a limited operating history. As a result of its limited operating history with its current platform of solutions, as well as a limited amount of time serving a majority of its client base, its ability to accurately forecast its future results of operations, key operating data, net revenue, cash flows, and operating margins is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties, including its ability to plan for and model future growth. NewGenIvf’s historical revenue growth should not be considered indicative of its future performance. Further, in future periods, its revenue growth could slow or decline for a number of reasons, including risks, challenges and uncertainties that NewGenIvf has encountered and may continue to encounter that are frequently experienced by companies at an early stage, slowing demand for its solutions and fertility services in general, changes in utilization trends by its clients, general economic slowdown, an increase in unemployment, an increase in competition, changes to health care trends and regulations, changes to science relating to the fertility market, a decrease in the growth of the fertility market, or its failure, for any reason, to continue to take advantage of growth opportunities. If NewGenIvf’s assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties and its future revenue growth are incorrect or change, or if it does not address these risks successfully, its operating and financial results could differ materially from its expectations, and its business could suffer.

 

NewGenIvf’s marketing efforts depend significantly on its ability to receive positive references from its existing clients.

 

NewGenIvf’s marketing efforts depend significantly on its ability to call on its current clients to provide positive references to new, potential clients. Given its limited number of long-term clients, the loss or dissatisfaction of any client could substantially harm its brand and reputation, inhibit the market adoption of its offering and impair its ability to attract new clients and maintain existing clients. Any of these consequences could have an adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

If NewGenIvf is unable to attract new clients, its business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.

 

To increase its revenue, NewGenIvf must continue to attract new clients. NewGenIvf’s ability to do so depends in large part on the success of its sales and marketing efforts, and the success of references through existing clients. Potential clients may seek out other options; therefore, NewGenIvf must demonstrate that its solutions are valuable and superior to alternatives. If NewGenIvf fails to provide high-quality solutions and convince clients of the benefits of its model and value proposition, NewGenIvf may not be able to attract new clients. If the markets for NewGenIvf’s solutions decline or grow more slowly than it expects, or if the number of clients that contract with it for its solutions declines or fails to increase as it expects, its financial results could be harmed. As the markets in which NewGenIvf participate mature, fertility solutions and services evolve and competitors begin to enter into the market and introduce differentiated solutions or services that are perceived to compete with its solutions, particularly if such competing solutions are adopted by its competitors, its ability to sell its solutions could be impaired. As a result of these and other factors, NewGenIvf may be unable to attract new clients, which would have an adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

NewGenIvf’s business depends on its ability to maintain its existing client demographics. Any failure to do so would harm its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

As part of its growth strategy, NewGenIvf is focused on maintaining its services within its existing client demographics. NewGenIvf mainly competes with mid-level private clinics and hospitals, which have improved and developed their services and equipment over the years. In addition to private clinics and hospitals already existing, foreign medical companies may also enter the markets where NewGenIvf operates. Such foreign medical companies may be well-placed to compete with NewGenIvf due to their larger network size, reputation as global players and access to more advanced technology and financial resources. The expansion of existing competitors in the industry may erode NewGenIvf’s existing market share or decrease its traditional client pool. There can be no assurance that NewGenIvf will be able to compete effectively and therefore its future business growth may suffer.

 

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A significant reduction in the utilization of NewGenIvf’s solutions could have an adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

A significant reduction in the number of clients using NewGenIvf’s solutions could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations. Factors that could contribute to a reduction in the use of its solutions include: general economic downturn that results in adverse financial conditions; regulatory changes; failure to adapt and respond effectively to changing medical landscape, changing regulations, changing client needs, requirements or preferences; negative publicity, through social media or otherwise and news coverage.

 

If NewGenIvf fails to offer high-quality support, its reputation could suffer.

 

NewGenIvf relies on its client account management personnel and the patient navigators (the “PNs”) to resolve client issues and help clients realize the full benefits that its solutions and services provide. High-quality support is also important for the renewal and expansion of its services to existing clients. The importance of its support functions will increase as NewGenIvf expands its business and pursue new clients. If NewGenIvf does not help its clients quickly resolve issues and provide effective ongoing supports, its ability to maintain and expand its offerings to existing and new clients could suffer, and its reputation with existing or potential clients could suffer. Further, to the extent that NewGenIvf is unsuccessful in hiring, training and retaining adequate PNs and client account management personnel, its ability to provide adequate and timely support to its clients would be negatively impacted, and its clients’ satisfaction with its solutions and services would be adversely affected.

 

NewGenIvf’s failure to effectively develop and expand its marketing and sales capabilities could harm its ability to increase its client base and achieve broader market acceptance of solutions NewGenIvf provides.

 

NewGenIvf’s ability to increase its client base and achieve broader market acceptance of solutions it provides will depend to a significant extent on its ability to expand its marketing and sales capabilities. NewGenIvf plans to continue expanding its direct sales force and to dedicate significant resources to sales and marketing programs, including direct sales, inside sales, targeted direct marketing, advertising, digital marketing, e-newsletter and conference sponsorships. All of these efforts will require it to invest significant financial and other resources. Its business and results of operations could be harmed if its sales and marketing efforts do not generate significant increases in revenue. NewGenIvf may not achieve anticipated revenue growth from expanding its sales and marketing efforts if it is unable to hire, develop, integrate and retain talented and effective sales personnel, if its new and existing sales personnel, on the whole, are unable to achieve desired productivity levels in a reasonable period of time, or if its sales and marketing programs are not effective.

 

NewGenIvf may experience net losses and may not sustain profitability in the future.

 

NewGenIvf experienced significant revenue decrease from 2019 to 2020, due to the impact of COVID-19. NewGenIvf is not certain whether it will obtain sufficient levels of sales to sustain its growth or maintain profitability in the future. NewGenIvf also expects its costs and expenses to increase in future periods, which could negatively affect its future results of operations if its revenue does not increase accordingly. In particular, NewGenIvf intends to continue to incrementally expand its sales and client account management teams to educate potential clients and drive new client adoption. NewGenIvf also expects to incur additional costs as it introduces new solutions and services to enhance its comprehensive fertility offering. NewGenIvf will also face increased compliance costs associated with growth, the expansion of its client base and being a public company. NewGenIvf’s efforts to grow its business may be costlier than it expects, and NewGenIvf may not be able to increase its revenue enough to offset its increased operating expenses. NewGenIvf may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including the other risks described herein, and unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications and delays, and other unknown events. If NewGenIvf is unable to sustain profitability, the value of its business and common stock may significantly decrease.

 

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NewGenIvf’s future revenue may not grow at the rates it historically has, or at all.

 

NewGenIvf has experienced growth since its business operations started in 2014. Revenue and NewGenIvf’s client base may not grow at the same rates they historically have, or they may decline in the future. NewGenIvf’s future growth will depend, in part, on its ability to:

 

●continue to attract new clients and/or maintain existing clients;

 

●price its solutions and services effectively so that it is able to attract new clients, expand sales to its existing clients and maintain profitability;

 

●provide its clients with client support that meets their needs, including through dedicated PNs;

 

  ● maintain successful collection of applicable receivable balances;

 

  ● retain and maintain relationships with high-quality and respected fertility specialists;

 

  ● attract and retain highly qualified personnel to support all clients; and

 

  ● increase awareness of its brand and successfully compete with other competitors.

 

NewGenIvf may not successfully accomplish all or any of these objectives, which may affect its future revenue, and which makes it difficult for it to forecast its future results of operations. In addition, if the assumptions that NewGenIvf uses to plan its business are incorrect or change in reaction to changes in its market, it may be difficult for it to maintain profitability. NewGenIvf’s shareholders should not rely on its revenue for any prior quarterly or annual periods as any indication of its future revenue or revenue growth.

 

In addition, NewGenIvf expects to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources on:

 

  ● sales and marketing;

 

  ● technology infrastructure, including systems architecture, scalability, availability, performance and security; and

 

  ● general administration, including increased legal and accounting expenses associated with being a public company.

 

These investments may not result in increased revenue growth in its business. If NewGenIvf is unable to increase its revenue at a rate sufficient to offset the expected increase in its costs, its business, financial position, and results of operations will be harmed, and NewGenIvf may not be able to maintain profitability over the long term. Additionally, NewGenIvf may encounter unforeseen operating expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may result in losses in future periods.

 

If its revenue growth does not meet its expectations in future periods, NewGenIvf may not maintain profitability in the future, its business, financial position and results of operations may be harmed.

 

23

 

 

NewGenIvf’s quarterly and annual results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of NewGenIvf’s business.

 

NewGenIvf’s quarterly and annual results of operations, including the levels of NewGenIvf’s revenues, expenses, net (loss)/income and other key metrics, may vary significantly in the future due to a variety of factors, some of which are outside of NewGenIvf’s control, and period-to-period comparisons of NewGenIvf’s operating results may not be meaningful, especially given NewGenIvf’s limited operating history. Accordingly, the results for any one fiscal quarter or any one fiscal year are not necessarily an indication of future performance. Fluctuations in quarterly and/or annual financial results may adversely affect the price of NewGenIvf’s ordinary shares. Factors that may cause fluctuations in NewGenIvf’s quarterly and annual financial results include:

 

●NewGenIvf’s ability to attract new customers and maintain relationships with existing customers;

 

●changes in NewGenIvf’s products and services offered and introduction of new services and products;

 

●the amount and timing of operating expenses related to marketing and the maintenance and expansion of NewGenIvf’s business, operations and infrastructure;

 

●general economic, industry and market conditions; and

 

●the timing of expenses related to the development or acquisition of technologies or businesses.

 

If the estimates and assumptions NewGenIvf uses to determine the size of the target markets for its services are inaccurate, its future growth rate may be impacted and its business would be harmed.

 

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts included in this prospectus, including those NewGenIvf has generated itself, are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate, including the risks described in this prospectus. Even if the markets in which NewGenIvf competes achieve the forecasted growth, its business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.

 

NewGenIvf’s estimates of the market opportunity for its services are based on the assumption that the purpose-built, data-driven and disruptive fertility services platform with the plan design NewGenIvf offers will be attractive to clients. Clients may pursue alternatives or may not see the value in providing enhanced fertility-related services. In addition, NewGenIvf believes that it is expanding the size of the fertility market as NewGenIvf enhances demand and increase awareness for fertility services. If these assumptions prove inaccurate, or if the increase in awareness of fertility services attracts potential competitors to the market and results in greater competition, NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

It is difficult to predict the demand for NewGenIvf’s solutions, the entry of competitive solutions or the future growth rate and size of the fertility market. The expansion of the fertility market depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to: the continued trend of individuals starting families later in life, increase in the number of single mothers by choice, adoption of non-traditional paths to parenthood and continued de-stigmatization of infertility.

 

If there is a reduction in demand caused by a lack of client acceptance, weakening economic conditions, data security or privacy concerns, governmental regulation, competing offerings or otherwise, the market for its solutions and services might not continue to develop or might develop more slowly than NewGenIvf expects, which would adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

NewGenIvf may not be able to successfully manage its growth, and if NewGenIvf is not able to grow efficiently, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

 

As usage of its solutions grows, NewGenIvf will need to devote additional resources to improving and maintaining its infrastructure. In addition, NewGenIvf will need to appropriately scale its internal business systems and its client account management and services personnel to serve its growing client base. Any failure of or delay in these efforts could result in reduced client satisfaction, resulting in decreased sales to new clients and lower renewal and utilization rates by existing clients, which could hurt its revenue growth and its reputation. Even if NewGenIvf is successful in these efforts, they will require the dedication of management time and attention. NewGenIvf could also face inefficiencies or service disruptions as a result of its efforts to scale its internal infrastructure. NewGenIvf cannot be sure that the expansion and improvements to its internal infrastructure will be effectively implemented on a timely basis, and such failures could harm its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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If NewGenIvf’s new solutions and services are not adopted by its clients, or if it fails to innovate and develop new offerings that are adopted by its clients, its revenue and results of operations may be adversely affected.

 

To date, NewGenIvf has derived a substantial majority of its revenue from sales of its fertility services. As NewGenIvf operates in an evolving industry, its long-term results of operations and continued growth will depend on its ability to successfully develop and market new successful solutions and services to its clients. If its existing clients do not value and/or are not willing to make additional payments for such new solutions or services, it could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations. If NewGenIvf is unable to predict clients’ preferences, if the markets in which NewGenIvf participates change, including in response to government regulation, or if NewGenIvf is unable to modify its solutions and services on a timely basis, NewGenIvf may lose clients. Its results of operations would also suffer if its innovations were not responsive to the needs of the clients, appropriately timed with market opportunity or effectively brought to market.

 

If NewGenIvf fails to adapt and respond effectively to the changing medical landscape, changing regulations, changing client needs, requirements or preferences, its offerings may become less competitive.

 

The market in which NewGenIvf competes is subject to a changing medical landscape and changing regulations, as well as changing client needs, requirements and preferences. The success of its business will depend, in part, on its ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes on a timely basis. NewGenIvf’s business strategy may not effectively respond to these changes, and NewGenIvf may fail to recognize and position itself to capitalize upon market opportunities. NewGenIvf may not have sufficient advance notice and resources to develop and effectively implement an alternative strategy. There may be scientific or clinical changes that require it to change its solutions or that make its solutions less competitive in the marketplace. If there are sensitivities to its model or its existing competitors and new entrants create new disruptive business models and/or develop new solutions that clients prefer to its solutions, NewGenIvf may lose clients, and its results of operations, cash flows and/or prospects may be adversely affected. The future performance of NewGenIvf’s business will depend in large part on its ability to design and implement market appropriate strategic initiatives, some of which will occur over several years in a dynamic industry. If these initiatives of NewGenIvf do not result in met objectives, NewGenIvf’s results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

If NewGenIvf fails to maintain and enhance its brand, its ability to expand its client base will be impaired and its business, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.

 

The growth of NewGenIvf’s business partially depends on the recognition of NewGenIvf’s brand and reputation. NewGenIvf believes that maintaining and enhancing its brand is important to support the marketing and sale of its existing and future solutions to new clients and expand sales of its solutions to existing clients. NewGenIvf also believes that the importance of brand recognition will increase as competition in its market increases. Successfully maintaining and enhancing its brand will depend largely on the effectiveness of its marketing efforts, its ability to provide reliable services that continue to meet the needs of its clients at competitive prices, its ability to maintain its clients’ trust, its ability to continue to develop new solutions, and its ability to successfully differentiate its platform from competitive solutions and services. NewGenIvf’s brand promotion activities may not generate client awareness or yield increased revenue, and even if they do, any increased revenue may not offset the expenses NewGenIvf incurs in building its brand. If NewGenIvf fails to successfully promote and maintain its brand, its business, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.

 

If NewGenIvf fails to retain and motivate members of its management team or other key employees, or fails to attract additional qualified personnel to support its operations, its business and future growth prospects could be harmed.

 

NewGenIvf’s success and future growth depend largely upon the continued services of its management team and its other key employees. From time to time, there may be changes in its executive management team or other key employees resulting from the hiring or departure of these personnel. Its executive officers and other key employees are employed on an at-will basis, which means that these personnel could terminate their employment with it at any time. The loss of one or more of its executive officers, or the failure by its executive team to effectively work with its employees and lead its company, could harm its business.

 

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In addition, to execute its growth plan, NewGenIvf must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Competition for these personnel is intense, especially for experienced medical officers and scientific staffs and sales and client account management personnel. There is no guarantee NewGenIvf will be able to attract such personnel or that competition among potential employers will not result in increased salaries or other benefits. From time to time, NewGenIvf has experienced, and NewGenIvf expects to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with appropriate qualifications. Many of the companies with which NewGenIvf competes for experienced personnel have greater resources than NewGenIvf has. If NewGenIvf hires employees from competitors or other companies, their former employers may attempt to assert that these employees or NewGenIvf has breached their legal obligations, resulting in a diversion of its time and resources. In addition, prospective and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their contribution to the company. If the perceived value of its equity awards declines, experiences significant volatility, or increases such that prospective employees believe there is limited upside to the value of its equity awards, it may adversely affect its ability to recruit and retain key employees. If NewGenIvf fails to attract new personnel or fails to retain and motivate its current personnel, its business and future growth prospects could be harmed.

 

Furthermore, in order to attract and retain key personnel and employees, the compensation amounts for NewGenIvf’s executive officers may change significantly after consummation of the Business Combination, although there are currently no agreements in place relating to any such post Business Combination compensation arrangements. As a result, NewGenIvf’s expenses associated with the compensation may increase, which may also have an adverse effect on its results of operations.

 

To successfully market and sell its services and products in Asia-Pacific markets, NewGenIvf must address many international business risks with which NewGenIvf has limited experience.

 

NewGenIvf’s business is subject to risks in connection with changes in international, national and local economic and market conditions, including the effects of global financial crises, effects of terrorist acts and war and global pandemics. Such economic changes could negatively impact infertile couples’ abilities to pay for fertility treatments around the world.

 

NewGenIvf’s strategy is to increase its international presence in Asia-Pacific countries and its international sales are subject to a number of risks, including:

 

  ● increased competition as a result of more products and procedures receiving regulatory approval or otherwise free to market in international markets;

 

 ● longer accounts receivable payment cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;

 

 ● reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

 

 ● export restrictions, trade regulations, and foreign tax laws;

 

 ● fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

 

 ● foreign certification and regulatory clearance or approval requirements;

 

  ● customs clearance and shipping delays;

 

  ● political, social, and economic instability abroad, terrorist attacks, and security concerns in general;

 

  ● preference for locally provided services;

 

  ● potentially adverse tax consequences, including the complexities of foreign value-added tax systems;

 

  ● the burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws and different legal standards; and

 

  ● increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities.

 

If one or more of these risks are realized, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

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Ethical, legal and social concerns related to the use of assisted reproductive technology could reduce demand for the fertility services provided by the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network, and thus may adversely affect the business, financial conditions and results of operations of the medical facilities in its network.

 

Patient sentiment and distrust of the use of assisted reproductive technology may lead to less demand for fertility services. Assisted reproductive technologies, including genetic testing, technologies used for surrogacy and egg donation and gender selection, have raised ethical, legal and social issues regarding privacy and the appropriate uses of the resulting information. Government authorities could, for social or other purposes, limit or regulate the use of assisted reproductive technology to certain conditions. Similarly, these concerns may lead patients to refuse to use, or physicians to be reluctant to order, assisted reproductive services even if permissible. These and other ethical, legal and social concerns may limit market acceptance of fertility services or reduce patient demand for such services, either of which could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network, and NewGenIvf itself.

 

NewGenIvf is reliant on revenue from international clients.

 

Fertility services revenue from international clients are an important part of NewGenIvf’s revenue, though NewGenIvf is expanding rapidly into the local markets. The number of international clients travelling to Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan to seek fertility services may, however, be affected by a number of factors, including the economic status of the foreign client’s country of origin, the relative exchange rate of the client’s home currency to the relevant authorities, which may affect the cost of treatment, natural disasters, pandemics like COVID-19, and political tension or acts of terrorism in such countries and the region. For example, the COVID-19 has had resulted in a number of countries declaring a state of emergency and a number of countries, including the countries in Asian Pacific, imposing extensive travel restrictions, which in turn caused a decrease in the numbers of internal clients traveling to Thailand, Cambodia or Kyrgyzstan for treatments.

 

These events could cause a postponement or a reduction in the number of clients traveling to Thailand, Cambodia or Kyrgyzstan, and could in turn affect revenues from international clients, which is the significant contributor in terms of volume. A decline in the medical tourism industry may have a material adverse effect on NewGenIvf’s financial condition and results of operations.

 

Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material and adverse effect on NewGenIvf’s results of operations and the value of your investment.

 

NewGenIvf’s reporting currency is U.S. dollars. The functional currency of NewGenIvf and its subsidiaries include Hong Kong dollar (“HK$”), Thai baht (“THB”), Cambodian riel (“KHR”) and United States dollar (“USD”). Accordingly, fluctuations in the value of HK$, THB and KHR relative to the USD could affect its results of operations due to translational remeasurements. As its international operations expand, an increasing portion of its revenue and operating expenses may be denominated in non- HK$, THB or KHR currencies. Accordingly, NewGenIvf’s revenue and operating expenses will become increasingly subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. If NewGenIvf is not able to successfully hedge against the risks associated with currency fluctuations, NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

 

Governmental control of currency conversion may limit NewGenIvf’s ability to utilize NewGenIvf’s net revenue effectively and affect the value of your investment.

 

NewGenIvf’s revenue and expenses for its businesses are substantially denominated in  THB, which are currently not freely convertible currencies. A portion of such revenue must be converted into other currencies in order to meet its foreign currency obligations. For example, NewGenIvf’s subsidiaries will need to obtain foreign currency to make payments of declared dividends, if any, on its shares.

 

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Under the existing foreign exchange regulations in Thailand, NewGenIvf will be able to make current account foreign exchange transactions. However, in the future, governments may take measures, at its discretion, to restrict access to foreign currencies for capital account and current account transactions under certain circumstances. If such measures are implemented, NewGenIvf may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to holders of its shares. Foreign exchange transactions under its capital account are subject to significant foreign exchange controls and require certain approvals. These limitations could affect our ability to obtain foreign exchange through offshore financing.

 

The value of the THB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies fluctuates, and is subject to changes resulting from policies of the Thailand and other governments, and depends to a large extent on domestic and international economic and political developments as well as supply and demand in the local market. For example, the Bank of Thailand, which is the central bank of Thailand, is responsible for formulating and implementing monetary policies in the country to maintain the price stability and promote economic stability and sustainable growth. The Bank of Thailand imposes (four) measures in preventing THB fluctuation. Those are measures to limit THB liquidity, to curb capital inflows, to limit the flows on Non-resident Bank Account and Non-resident Baht for Securities, and to limit the flows on Non-Deliverable Forward transactions. With an increased floating range of the THB’s value against foreign currencies and a more market-oriented mechanism for determining the mid-point exchange rates, the THB may further appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies in the long-term, depending on the fluctuation of the basket of currencies against which it is currently valued, or it may be permitted to enter into a full float, which may also result in a significant appreciation or depreciation of the THB against the U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies. It cannot be assured that THB will not experience significant appreciation or depreciation against the U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies in the future.

 

Furthermore, NewGenIvf is also currently required to obtain approvals before converting significant sums of foreign currencies into THB. All of these factors could materially and adversely affect its business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects, and could reduce the value of, and dividends payable on, its shares in foreign currency terms.

 

Substantially all of NewGenIvf’s assets and operations are located in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan and they are subject to economic, legal and regulatory uncertainties in such countries.

 

Substantially all of NewGenIvf’s operations and assets are based in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan. As a result, its businesses and operations are subject to the changing economic conditions prevailing from time to time in such countries. Since 2020, Thailand’s economy has been experiencing a slowdown. According to the National Economic and Social Development Board of Thailand (the “NESDB”) the GDP growth rate of Thailand declined to minus 6.1% in 2020 and slightly recovered to 1.6% in 2021 and 2.6% in 2022. Under such conditions, the NESDB projected that Thailand’s economy will only grow by 3.0% to 4.0% in 2023,  lower than the previously growth in historical years. Meanwhile, Cambodia’s post-pandemic economic recovery has gained momentum, but remains uneven. Traditional growth drivers, especially manufacturing and agricultural commodities exports, have fully recovered. However, while travel and tourism have improved, the sector remains well below pre-COVID-19 levels. The subsequent impact also caused the vendors and customers preference change, lower the willingness travelling to Kyrgyzstan for surrogacy services. The economy is projected to grow, underpinned by merchandise exports and domestic economic activity. Foreign direct investment, while diversified, remains affected by China’s related COVID-19 policies.

 

NewGenIvf also derives a substantial portion of its revenue from Chinese clients and as such, its maintenance of PRC-sourced revenues and access to new and existing clients from the PRC are also subject to the economic conditions of China. However, the near-term growth prospects of the PRC economy are unclear due to the uncertain effects of ongoing economic stress caused by policies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, trade and national security policies, and the elevated levels of private and public indebtedness, among others. According to the National Statistics Bureau of the PRC, growth rate of China’s GDP for the year 2022 slowed down to 3.0% on a year-on-year basis compared to the growth rate of approximately 8.4% for the year 2021. In the second quarter of 2023, China’s GDP grew only 0.8% on a quarter basis, a significant slowdown from the 2.2% quarter growth registered in the first quarter of 2023. A prolonged downturn in the PRC economy generally could materially and adversely affect NewGenIvf’s results of operations.

 

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Factors that may adversely affect the economy and conditions in such countries include:

 

  ● political instability (e.g., Thailand’s national election in May 2023); 

 

  ● global economic conditions;

 

  ● exchange rate fluctuations and the exchange control policy of the banks;

 

  ● a prolonged period of inflation or increase in regional interest rates;

 

  ● changes in taxation;

 

  ● changes in government policies affecting import and export volumes;

 

  ● decline in tourism;

 

  ● natural disasters, including tsunamis, earthquakes, fires, floods, drought and similar events;

 

  ● a potential recurrence or outbreak of avian influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome or other infectious or contagious diseases like COVID-19 in Asian countries, and governmental policies to address such outbreak;

 

  ● scarcity of credit or other financing, resulting in lower demand for products and services provided by companies in the region;

 

  ● increases in oil prices and other commodity prices;

 

  ● decreased consumer confidence;

 

  ● other external recessions or potential economic downturns in the United States, Asia or other parts of the world; and

 

  ● other regulatory, political or economic developments in or affecting the countries.

 

The economic conditions in Thailand, Cambodia, Kyrgyzstan and China are also affected by global economic conditions. The global credit markets have experienced, and may continue to experience, volatility and liquidity disruptions, which have resulted in the consolidation, failure or near failure of a number of institutions in the banking and insurance industries. There remains a concern that a return of the debt crisis in Europe, the political unrest in the Middle East and Eastern Europe as well as rumors or threats or actual terrorist attacks or conflicts in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe or other regions will impinge upon the health of the global financial system. These or other such events could adversely affect NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

There is no assurance that the economies and social conditions of Thailand, Cambodia, Kyrgyzstan and China will meet current projections or improve in the future. Any instability or economic downturn could have a material adverse effect on NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

Failure to comply with the terms of future financing arrangements could result in default, which could have an adverse effect on NewGenIvf’s cash flow and liquidity.

 

NewGenIvf may from time to time enter into credit facilities and debt financing arrangements containing financial and other covenants that could, among other things, restrict NewGenIvf’s business and operations. If NewGenIvf breaches any of these covenants, including the failure to maintain certain financial ratios, NewGenIvf’s lenders may be entitled to accelerate NewGenIvf’s debt obligations. Any default under the credit facility could result in the repayment of these loans prior to maturity as well as the inability to obtain additional financing, which in turn may have a material adverse effect on NewGenIvf’s cash flow and liquidity.

 

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NewGenIvf requires a significant amount of capital to fund its operations and growth. If NewGenIvf cannot obtain sufficient capital on acceptable terms, its business, financial condition, and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

 

NewGenIvf requires a significant amount of capital and resources for its operations and continued growth. NewGenIvf expects to make significant investments to fund operations, laboratory upgrades, among other things, which may significantly increase NewGenIvf’s net cash used in operating activities. In addition, NewGenIvf will continue to invest in laboratory and facilities which are fundamental to NewGenIvf’s business operation and future growth. However, NewGenIvf cannot assure you that these investments will generate the optimal returns, if at all. To date, NewGenIvf has historically funded its cash requirements primarily through operational, capital contributions from its shareholders and short-term or long-term borrowings. If these resources are insufficient to satisfy NewGenIvf’s cash requirements, NewGenIvf may seek to raise funds through additional equity offering or debt financing or additional bank facilities. NewGenIvf’s ability to obtain additional capital in the future, however, is subject to a number of uncertainties, including those relating to its future business development, financial condition, and results of operations, general market conditions for financing activities by companies in its industry, and macro-economic and other conditions in Thailand, Cambodia, Kyrgyzstan and globally. If NewGenIvf cannot obtain sufficient capital on acceptable terms to meet its capital needs, NewGenIvf may not be able to execute its growth strategies, and NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition, and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

 

The defects in certain leased property interests and failure to register certain lease agreements may materially and adversely affect NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

 

NewGenIvf leases premises in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan in various locations. With respect to property leased by First Fertility PGS Center in Thailand, the lessors did not have or provide NewGenIvf with property ownership certificates or other documents evidencing their rights to lease such premises to First Fertility PGS Center. Therefore, NewGenIvf cannot assure that it will not be subject to any challenges, lawsuits, or other actions taken against First Fertility PGS Center with respect to its leased premises for which the relevant lessors do not have valid title or right to lease. If First Fertility PGS Center’s lessors’ right to lease premises is successfully challenged by any third party, First Fertility PGS Center’s lease agreements may not be enforceable and NewGenIvf may be forced to vacate the premises and relocate to a different location. Under such circumstances, NewGenIvf expects to incur relocation costs of up to THB3 million and expects that there would not be material business interruption costs, if any.

 

In addition, the failure of the lessor to provide sufficient legal evidence of its right to lease the premises has prevented First Fertility PGS Center from registering the clinic with the Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (“BMA”) as required under the Public Health Act B.E. 2535 (1992) (the “PHA”). Under Section 71 of the PHA, First Fertility PGS Center and its directors are subject to imprisonment of up to 6 (six) months and a fine of up to THB50,000, or both. The BMA could also order First Fertility PGS Center to stop operating the clinic which would require relocation of the clinic if First Fertility PGS Center could not make the necessary registration. Under such circumstances, First Fertility PGS Center expects to incur relocation costs of up to THB3 million and expects that there would not be material business interruption costs, if any.

 

Only one of NewGenIvf’s directors or officers, namely Ms. Fong, Hei Yue Tina, is also a director of First Fertility PGS Center. NewGenIvf believes that if First Fertility PGS Center’s directors, including Ms. Fong, are found guilty of the above offence and subject to imprisonment, the resulting impact on NewGenIvf’s business, results of operations and financial conditions would be limited, as Ms. Fong has limited involvement in the day-to-day management of First Fertility PGS Center’s operations and Mr. Siu, Wing Fung Alfred and the other directors and officers of NewGenIvf and its subsidiaries would be able to keep operating the group’s and First Fertility PGS Center’s activities with limited disruptions.

 

In addition, NewGenIvf has not registered the lease agreements of First Fertility Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan with the relevant government authorities. The enforceability of the lease of property may therefore be subject to restrictions under relevant laws and regulations and NewGenIvf may be forced to vacate the premises and relocate to a different premise. Under such circumstances, NewGenIvf expects to incur relocation costs of up to USD150,000 and expects that there would not be material business interruption costs, if any. Meanwhile, First Fertility Bishkek may be required to pay a penalty for the late registration of the lease agreement with a lease term of 3 or more years, the maximum amount of which is KGS3060 ($35).

 

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NewGenIvf currently has no insurance coverage for its operations.

 

The assisted reproductive medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network are exposed to potential liabilities that are inherent to the provision of services. Medical and other liabilities may not be fully covered by insurance and the medical facilities may face claims in excess of the insurance coverage or claims which are not covered by insurance due to other policy limitations or exclusions or where the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network have failed to comply with the terms of the policy. Any uninsured risks may result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition.

 

The insurance industries in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan are still at early stages of development, and insurance companies in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan currently offer limited business-related insurance products. NewGenIvf does not currently maintain insurance. NewGenIvf cannot assure you that the medical facilities in its network will be able to obtain and/or maintain medical liability insurance on acceptable terms or without substantial premium increases or at all in the future.

 

In addition, as NewGenIvf’s business expands, the cost for each medical facility in its network and NewGenIvf to maintain an adequate level of insurance may become increasingly high. NewGenIvf cannot ensure that the medical facilities in its network will be able to locate or purchase appropriate insurance to cover the expanding operations in time, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Any significant uninsured loss could have material and adverse effects on the financial condition and results of operations of the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network, and thus may affect its business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Moreover, NewGenIvf does not currently maintain professional malpractice liability insurance for its physicians and nurses. As a result, NewGenIvf may be subject to medical disputes and claims arising under relevant laws from time to time, which could cause substantial damage to NewGenIvf if not covered by professional malpractice liability insurance. Any dispute with clients, or any legal proceeding involving the physicians of the medical facilities or medical professionals, regardless of its merit or eventual outcome, could result in significant legal costs and financial and/or reputational damages to the medical facilities and NewGenIvf and materially and adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network, and further affect its business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

NewGenIvf may not be successful in adapting to technological developments, which may affect its business and results of operations.

 

It is possible that new technologies could be developed or scientific advances made by NewGenIvf’s competitors, or elsewhere and licensed to NewGenIvf’s competitors, which cannot be replicated by NewGenIvf without significant capital expenditure or at all, or that replace or reduce the requirement for assisted reproductive services, ultrasound or specialized diagnostics. The consequences for NewGenIvf of the development of new technologies could include lower or loss of revenues, loss of market position and reduced prospects of NewGenIvf.

 

If its computer systems, or those of its providers, specialty pharmacies or other downstream vendors lag, fail or suffer security breaches, NewGenIvf may incur a material disruption of its services, which could materially impact its business and the results of operations.

 

NewGenIvf’s businesses in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan are increasingly dependent on critical, complex and interdependent information technology systems to support business processes as well as internal and external communications. NewGenIvf’s success is therefore dependent in part on its ability to secure, integrate, develop, redesign and enhance its (or contract with vendors to provide) technology systems that support its business strategy initiatives and processes in a compliant, secure, and cost and resource efficient manner. If NewGenIvf or its providers, specialty pharmacies or other downstream vendors have an issue with its or their respective technology systems, it may result in a disruption to its operations or downstream disruption to its relationships with its clients or its selective network of high-quality fertility specialists. Additionally, if NewGenIvf chooses to insource any of the services currently handled by a third party, it may result in technological or operational disruptions.

 

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In addition, despite the implementation of security measures, its internal computer systems, and those of its provider clinics, specialty pharmacies or other downstream vendors, are potentially vulnerable to damage from malicious intrusion, malware, computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. While NewGenIvf is not aware that it has experienced any such system failure, accident or security breach to date, if such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in its operations, it could result in a material disruption to its ability to operate and deliver its solutions. In addition, to the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss or inappropriate disclosure of confidential information, NewGenIvf could incur liability. See “— Risks Related to Government Regulation — NewGenIvf operates in a highly regulated industry and must comply with a significant number of complex and evolving requirements. Any lack of requisite approvals, licenses, or permits applicable to NewGenIvf’s business may have a material and adverse impact on NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition, and results of operations — Data Protection and Breaches.”

 

Risks Related to NewGenIvf’s Relationships with Third Parties

 

NewGenIvf’s business depends on its ability to maintain its network of high-quality fertility specialists and other healthcare providers. If NewGenIvf is unable to do so, its future growth would be limited and its business, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed.

 

NewGenIvf’s performance and success is dependent upon its continued ability to maintain a credentialed network of high-quality fertility specialists, including its senior management team, other key employees, as well as research and development and operation maintenance personnel, many of whom are difficult to replace. Fertility specialists could refuse to contract, demand higher payments or take other actions that could result in higher medical costs, less attractive service for its clients or difficulty meeting regulatory or accreditation requirements. Identifying high-quality fertility specialists, credentialing and negotiating contracts with them and evaluating, monitoring and maintaining its network, requires significant time and resources. Competition in the healthcare industry for qualified employees is intense. NewGenIvf may need to offer higher compensation and other benefits in order to attract and retain key personnel in the future, which could increase NewGenIvf’s compensation expenses, including stock-based compensation. NewGenIvf’s continued ability to compete effectively depends on NewGenIvf’s ability to attract new employees and to retain and motivate NewGenIvf’s existing employees. If NewGenIvf is not successful in maintaining its relationships with top fertility specialists, these fertility specialists may refuse to renew their contracts with it, and potential competitors may be effective in onboarding these or other high-quality fertility specialists to create a similarly high-quality network. There may be additional shifts in the fertility specialty provider space as the fertility market matures, and high-quality fertility specialists may become more demanding in re-negotiating to remain in its network. Its ability to develop and maintain satisfactory relationships with high-quality fertility specialists also may be negatively impacted by other factors not associated with it, such as regulatory changes impacting providers or consolidation activity among hospitals, physician groups and healthcare providers. In addition, certain organizations of physicians, such as practice management companies (which group together physician practices for administrative efficiency), may change the way in which healthcare providers do business with it and may compete directly with it, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations. NewGenIvf intends to grant, and may continue to grant, options and other types of awards, which may result in increased share-based compensation expenses.

 

NewGenIvf’s Share Incentive Award will allow NewGenIvf to enhance its ability to attract and retain exceptionally qualified individuals and agents and to encourage them to acquire a proprietary interest in the company’s growth and performance. Competition for highly skilled personnel and agents is often intense and NewGenIvf may incur significant costs or may not be successful in attracting, integrating, or retaining qualified personnel and agents to fulfill NewGenIvf’s current or future needs. NewGenIvf believes that the granting of share-based awards is of significant importance to NewGenIvf’s ability to attract and retain agents, key personnel and employees, and NewGenIvf will continue to grant share-based awards in the future. As a result, NewGenIvf’s expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on NewGenIvf’s results of operations.

 

Meanwhile, the retirement or loss of certain specialists, scientific staff or other key personnel, the activities of competitors, the introduction of a competing service that is perceived to be superior to the services provided by NewGenIvf, or other events which impact NewGenIvf’s reputation could adversely affect NewGenIvf’s relationships with fertility specialists. For example, one specialist who was previously engaged by NewGenIvf brought a lawsuit against NewGenIvf regarding disputed remuneration, which resulted in a settlement for NewGenIvf to compensate the specialist with a sum of approximately US$98,000. Also, fertility specialists’ relationship with NewGenIvf could affect their behaviors in recommending NewGenIvf’s services or referring patients to NewGenIvf, which could in turn adversely impact the number of patients treated by NewGenIvf and adversely impact on its financial performance, market position and prospects.

 

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In addition, the perceived value of NewGenIvf’s solutions and its reputation may be negatively impacted if the services provided by fertility specialists or other healthcare providers are not satisfactory to NewGenIvf’s clients, including as a result of error that could result in litigation. For example, if fertility specialist or other healthcare provider releases sensitive information of its clients, it could incur additional expenses and give rise to litigation against NewGenIvf. Any such issue with one of its providers may expose it to public scrutiny, adversely affect its brand and reputation, expose it to litigation or regulatory action, and otherwise make its operations vulnerable. Further, if its services result in less than favorable outcomes, this could cause it to fail to meet its contractually guaranteed specified service metrics, and NewGenIvf could be obligated to provide the client with a fee reduction or a second chance for free, depending on their contract terms. The failure to maintain its selective network of high-quality fertility specialists or the failure of those specialists to meet and exceed its clients’ expectation, may result in a loss of or inability to grow or maintain its client base, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The medical facilities and professionals in NewGenIvf’s network could become the subject of litigation, allegations and other claims, and NewGenIvf is not insured against these liabilities.

 

NewGenIvf relies on the physicians and other medical professionals of the assisted reproductive medical facilities in its network to make proper clinical decisions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of clients. However, NewGenIvf does not have full and direct control over every step of clinical activities undertaken at each of the medical facilities. In addition, physicians and medical professionals outside NewGenIvf’s network may introduce patients to NewGenIvf and conduct medical treatments and/or procedures for such patients in NewGenIvf’s facilities. NewGenIvf enters into independent contractor agreements with such physicians and medical professionals and treats such patients as NewGenIvf’s own patients. As such, NewGenIvf will have to bear any liabilities arising from their medical treatments and/or procedures conducted in NewGenIvf’s facilities. Any incorrect clinical decision or malpractice on the part of physicians and other medical professionals (including those from outside of its network), or any failure by the medical facilities in its network to properly manage their clinical activities may result in unsatisfactory treatment outcomes, patient injury or even death, which could lead to disputes with patients and/or their families or the medical professionals, including those from outside its network. In its experience, moreover, clients of fertility treatments tend to be more demanding on the medical services received. In addition, the relevant laws governing medical disputes and claims grant claimants liberal rights in bringing claims against physicians and other medical professionals practicing in the jurisdiction. As a result, the medical facilities in its network may be subject to medical disputes and claims arising under relevant laws, from time to time, which could generate substantial damages imposed on such facilities if not covered by professional liability insurance. Any dispute with its patients and/or their families or the medical professionals, including those from outside its network, or any legal proceeding involving the physicians of the medical facilities or medical professionals, including those from outside its network, regardless of its merit or eventual outcome, could result in significant legal costs and reputational damage to the medical facilities and materially and adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of the medical facilities in its network, and further affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The assisted reproductive medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network have limited control over the quality of the pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, medical consumables and other supplies used in its operations, and cannot guarantee that the products in use are not defective or counterfeit. NewGenIvf also has no control over independent sub-contractors and cannot guarantee the services thereof.

 

The assisted reproductive medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network procure a variety of pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, consumables and other supplies in NewGenIvf’s operations from third-party suppliers. As the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network do not engage in the direct manufacture of such supplies, NewGenIvf cannot assure you that such supplies are free of defects and meet relevant quality standards or, in the case of imported supplies, verify the origin of such products. In addition, there may be counterfeit pharmaceutical products manufactured without proper licenses or approvals or fraudulently mislabeled with respect to their content or manufacturer in the pharmaceutical markets. In some cases these products are very similar in appearance to the authentic products. The quality control checks and processes may not be able to identify all counterfeit pharmaceutical products in the inventory. Any sale of such products by the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network, regardless of its knowledge as to their authenticity, may subject the medical facilities to administrative sanctions, civil claims, negative publicity or reputational damage. NewGenIvf cannot assure you that the medical facilities in our network will be able to successfully claim full indemnity from such manufacturers of counterfeit pharmaceutical products.

 

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NewGenIvf also cannot assure you that the medical facilities in our network will not encounter incidents relating to defective products, or that such incidents will not materially and adversely affect our network of medical facilities. If the products provided by NewGenIvf’s suppliers are defective, of poor quality or are otherwise unsafe or ineffective, the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network could be subject to liability claims, complaints or adverse publicity, any of which would materially and  adversely affect its results of operations and reputation. NewGenIvf cannot assure you that the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network will find suitable replacement suppliers on commercially acceptable terms or at all.

 

The suppliers are also subject to extensive laws, rules and regulations. If any suppliers violate applicable laws, rules and regulations, NewGenIvf’s reputation or procurement may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network may be exposed to reputational damages or even liabilities for defective goods provided by the suppliers or negative publicity associated with any suppliers, and the business and results of operations of the medical facilities in NewGenIvf’s network and NewGenIvf could suffer as a result.

 

Independent sub-contractors and/or agents that work with NewGenIvf are also subject to extensive laws, rules, and regulations. If any sub-contractor and/or agent violates any applicable laws, rules, regulations or breaches any agreements, NewGenIvf’s reputation may be materially and adversely affected and NewGenIvf may be penalized by regulatory or other parties. In addition, NewgenIvf’s clients may engage Newgen’s sub-contractors and/or agents for ongoing services or additional services following the termination of contracts with NewGenIvf. NewGenIvf has no control over the services provided by sub-contractors and cannot assure the quality of such services or ensure compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. In addition, the services provided by independent sub-contractors may expose NewGenIvf to public scrutiny, adversely affect its brand and reputation, expose it to litigation or regulatory action, and otherwise make its operations vulnerable if such independent sub-contractors fail to meet their contractual obligations or to comply with applicable laws or regulations.

 

If NewGenIvf loses its relationship with one or more key pharmaceutical manufacturers, its business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

NewGenIvf maintains contractual relationships with select pharmaceutical manufacturers in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan. The consolidation of pharmaceutical manufacturers, the shortages of drugs provided by such manufacturers, the termination or material alteration of its contractual relationships, or its failure to renew such contracts could have a material adverse effect on its business and results of operations. Adoption of new laws, rules or regulations or changes in, or new interpretations of, existing laws, rules or regulations, relating to any of these programs could materially adversely affect its business and results of operations.

 

NewGenIvf has engaged in transactions with related parties, and such transactions present potential conflicts of interest that could have an adverse effect on its business and results of operations.

 

NewGenIvf has entered into a number of transactions with related parties. NewGenIvf may in the future enter into additional transactions with its related parties. Interests of these related parties may not necessarily be aligned with NewGenIvf’s or The Company’s interests and the interests of its other shareholders. For example, conflicts of interest may arise in connection with decisions regarding the transaction arrangements which may be less favorable to NewGenIvf than similar arrangements negotiated with unaffiliated third parties. Conflicts of interest may also arise in connection with the exercise of contractual remedies, such as the treatment of events of default. As a result, those related party transactions, individually or in the aggregate, may have an adverse effect on NewGenIvf’s business and results of operations.

 

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NewGenIvf may be subject to claims and allegations relating to intellectual property and other causes.

 

NewGenIvf may from time to time receive claims that NewGenIvf infringes on the intellectual property rights of others. Moreover, NewGenIvf may be subject to claims by third parties who maintain that NewGenIvf’s service providers’ technology infringes third-party’s intellectual property rights. If NewGenIvf fails to successfully defend against such claim or does not prevail in such litigation, it could be required to modify, redesign or cease operating, pay monetary amounts as damages or enter into royalty or licensing arrangements with the valid intellectual property holders. Any royalty or licensing arrangements that NewGenIvf may seek in such circumstances may not be available to it on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Also, if NewGenIvf acquires technology licenses from third parties, NewGenIvf’s exposure to infringement actions may increase because NewGenIvf must rely upon these third parties to verify the origin and ownership of such technology. This exposure to liability could result in disruptions in NewGenIvf’s business that could materially and adversely affect NewGenIvf’s results of operations.

 

Some of NewGenIvf’s employees may previously employed at other companies, including NewGenIvf’s competitors. NewGenIvf may hire additional personnel to expand its development team and technical support team as its business grows. To the extent these employees were involved in the development of content or technology similar to NewGenIvf’s at their former employers, NewGenIvf may become subject to claims that these employees or NewGenIvf has appropriated these employees’ former employers’ proprietary information or intellectual properties. If NewGenIvf fails to successfully defend such claims against itself, NewGenIvf may be exposed to liabilities which could have a material adverse effect on its business.

 

NewGenIvf is currently not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings but may subject to legal or administrative actions for defamation, negligence, copyright and trademark infringement, unfair competition, breach of service terms, or other purported injuries resulting from the content NewGenIvf provides or the nature of NewGenIvf’s services. Such legal and administrative actions, with or without merits, may be expensive and time-consuming and may result in significant diversion of resources and management attention from NewGenIvf’s business operations. Furthermore, such legal or administrative actions may adversely affect NewGenIvf’s brand image and reputation.

 

Certain data and information in this prospectus relied on by NewGenIvf were obtained from third-party data and polls. These metrics were not independently verified by NewGenIvf and may not be accurate.

 

Certain numbers and information in this prospectus were obtained and provided from numerous sources including management data, third-party data or numbers generally estimated by calculating infertile couples, fertility tourism number, etc. to generally assess potential customer numbers in Asia-Pacific countries.

 

These metrics were not independently verified. Such databases, third-party information, and calculations may not accurately reflect actual statistics or numbers and NewGenIvf does not have access to specific rating numbers. Similarly, any statistical data in any third-party publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. If any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data is later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions.

 

Risks Related to Government Regulation

 

NewGenIvf operates in a highly regulated industry and must comply with a significant number of complex and evolving requirements. Any lack of requisite approvals, licenses, or permits applicable to NewGenIvf’s business may have a material and adverse impact on NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

The operations of NewGenIvf are subject to various laws, rules and regulations at the national, regional and local levels in Thailand, Cambodia, Kyrgyzstan and other applicable jurisdictions. Such laws and regulations mainly relate to (i) the licensing of local and foreign medical professionals, nursing professionals, medical technology professionals, pharmaceutical professions and other applicable licensing; (ii) the licensing, registration, and accreditation of medical facilities, laboratories, including but not limited to the licensing, registration, and accreditation of persons performing related activities; (iii) the privacy and security of confidential patient medical records; (iv) the corporate practice of medicine; (v) healthcare fraud and abuse laws; (vi) the donation and transplantation of human cells, tissues and organs; (vii) potential prohibition on surrogacy or providing intermediary assistance in surrogacy; and (viii) licensing and approval of the accommodation provided as parts of the services.

 

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NewGenIvf has attempted to structure its operations to comply with laws, regulations and other requirements applicable to it directly and to its clients and vendors, but there can be no assurance that its operations will not be challenged or impacted by regulatory authorities or enforcement initiatives, or that the relevant authorities in each jurisdiction could impose higher standards or requirements, which NewGenIvf may have difficulty to adhere to, e.g. Medical Facilities Act B.E. 2541 (1998) and Protection of a Child Born by Medically Assisted Reproductive Technology Act B.E. 2558 (2015) for Thailand jurisdiction, Law on Reproduction Rights and on Guarantees of Their Realization of July 4, 2015 No. 148, Law on status of medical worker of May 28, 2013 No. 81 and Temporary Regulation on Procedure of Licensing Private Medical Activity approved by the resolution of government of April 4, 2017 No. 203 for Kyrgyz Republic. NewGenIvf in the future may become involved in governmental investigations, audits, reviews and assessments. Any determination by a court or agency that NewGenIvf’s solutions or services violate, or cause its clients to violate, applicable laws, regulations or other requirements could subject it or its clients to civil, criminal, or administrative penalties. Such a determination also could require it to change or terminate portions of its business, disqualify it from serving clients that do business with government entities, or cause it to refund some or all of its service fees or otherwise compensate its clients. In addition, failure to satisfy laws, regulations or other requirements could adversely affect demand for its solutions and could force it to expend significant capital, research and development and other resources to address the failure. Even an unsuccessful challenge by regulatory and other authorities or parties could be expensive and time-consuming, could result in loss of business, exposure to adverse publicity, and injury to its reputation and could adversely affect its ability to retain and attract clients. If NewGenIvf fails to comply with applicable laws, regulations and other requirements, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Such non-compliance could also require significant investment to address and may prove costly. There are several additional state statutes, regulations, guidance and contractual provisions related to or impacting the healthcare industry that may apply to its business activities directly or indirectly, including, but not limited to:

 

  ● Licensing and Licensed Personnel. Many countries have licensure or registration requirements for entities acting as a medical services provider. The scope of these laws differs from country to country, and the application of such laws to the activities of fertility treatment is often unclear. Given the nature and scope of the solutions and services that NewGenIvf provides, it is required to maintain the License to Operate Medical Facility Business (Sor.Por.7), the License to Manage Medical Facility Business (Sor.Por.19), License to Certify the Standard of Service relating to Medically Assisted Reproductive Technology (KorThorPhor.9), and personnel licenses, i.e., license of medical professionals, nursing professionals, medical technology professionals, pharmaceutical professions and other applicable licenses in Thailand, Approval on Opening of Medical Clinic, Approval on Opening of Pharmacy and relevant approvals to conduct IVF, embryo implant and/or transfer activities issued by the Ministry of Health of Cambodia (“Cambodia MOH”) in Cambodia and licenses to carry out private medical activities (including diagnostics and treatment gynecological diseases, supervision of pregnant women before childbirth, IVF in outpatient and day hospital conditions (for four (4) beds)) in Kyrgyzstan, respectively, and to ensure that such licenses and registrations are in good standing on an annual basis. NewGenIvf is licensed, has licensure applications pending before appropriate regulatory bodies, is exempt from licensure or registration, or is otherwise authorized under such laws in those countries in which it provides its services. These licenses require it to comply with the rules and regulations of the governmental bodies that issued such licenses. NewGenIvf’s failure to comply with such rules and regulations could result in criminal and/ or administrative penalties, the suspension of a license, or the loss of a license, all of which could negatively impact its business. First Fertility PGS had provided arrangements of accommodation without additional charges for its patients without a tourism license in Thailand, all of which was subsequently ceased in early 2023. Pursuant to the Tourism Business and Guide Act 2551 (2008) of Thailand, a maximum fine of THB500,000 may be imposed on First Fertility PGS as a result of the above activity without a tourism license in Thailand. NewGenIvf is unable to predict, however, how its services may be viewed by regulators over time, how these laws and regulations will be interpreted, or the full extent of their applicable. If a regulatory authority in any country determines that the nature of its business requires that NewGenIvf be licensed under applicable laws, it may need to restructure its business or it may need to comply with any related requirements, such as obtaining relevant license, paying additional regulatory fees and/or penalties for previous non-compliance with relevant licensing requirements, which could adversely affect its results of operation. Additionally, in extreme case, NewGenIvf may need to cease operations until it is able to obtain appropriate licensure, which may adversely affect its revenue for a period of time that it cannot estimate.

 

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  ● Patients’ Right Protection. There has been an increased awareness of patients’ rights in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan, especially with the issuance of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, the Act on Court Proceedings for Consumer Cases B.E. 2551 (2008) (as amended), National Health Act B.E. 2550 (2007), and other applicable laws in Thailand, the Civil Code dated December 8, 2017 as amended by the Law on Implementation of the Civil Code dated May 31, 2011, Law on Management of Donation and Transplantation of Human Cells, Tissues, and Organs (2016) and Sub-Decree No. 61 on the Code of Medical Ethics (2003) in Cambodia and Constitution of Kyrgyzstan of May 5, 2021, Civil Code, Part I of May 8, 1996 No. 15, Law on Health Protection of Civilians of Kyrgyzstan of January 9, 2005 No. 6, Law on Reproduction Rights and on Guarantees of their Realization of July 4, 2015 No. 148, Law on status of medical worker of May 28, 2013 No. 81 and other relevant applicable laws in Kyrgyzstan, which enables consumers and patients to file suits more easily against healthcare service providers. Furthermore, treatment of more complex medical conditions has no guaranteed positive outcome, which subjects it to an increased likelihood of medical malpractice suits. Such lawsuits could result in hefty compensation payments or damage to NewGenIvf’s reputation, which may have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

Meanwhile, Thailand is considering enacting a Patient Protection Bill  (the “Bill”). The Bill, if issued, is intended to alleviate disputes between patients and healthcare providers, which have an impact on the healthcare system in Thailand as a whole. The compensation outlined in the Bill will assist patients in claiming damages, thereby fostering a positive relationship between patients and healthcare providers. Consequently, the rate of disputes is expected to decrease. The provisions under the Bill would require healthcare providers to compensate patients in a timely manner, sometimes without requiring proof of wrongdoing. The Bill also contemplates setting up a patient protection fund for damages to patients pursuant to which healthcare providers have to make mandatory contributions according to the rules determined by a patient protection committee. Failure by it to comply with applicable rules and regulations could result in penalties, the loss of regulatory permits and damage to NewGenIvf’s business reputation, each of which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations.

 

Furthermore, the Protection of A Child Born By Medically Assisted Reproductive Technology Act B.E. 2558 (2015) of Thailand was promulgated with the intention to appropriately designate the legitimate parenthood status of a child born using medically assisted reproductive technology and regulate any medical scientific research on embryology and medically assisted reproductive technologies to prevent the misuse of medically assisted reproductive technologies. NewGenIvf is therefore under the supervision of a Committee of the Protection for Children Born through Medically Assisted Reproductive Technology, which is a committee established to control, inspect, supervise and formulate various policies relating to such acts. In Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan, all health establishments, including private medical clinics, are under the supervision of the Cambodia MOH and the Ministry of Health of Kyrgyzstan, respectively, which each governs and regulates the operation of medical clinics and activities of medical practitioners in respective countries. In particular, the Medical Council of Cambodia, Cambodian Council of Nurses, Cambodian Midwives Council and the Pharmaceutical Council of Cambodia, all assist the Cambodia MOH to supervise and monitor the practice of health professionals in Cambodia. IVF/embryo implant/transfer activities are subject to an approval by the Cambodia MOH.

 

  ● Privacy and Security Requirements. There are numerous laws and regulations related to the privacy and security of health information in each country. In particular, regulations promulgated pursuant to the Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562 (2019) of Thailand (“PDPA”), Law on Data of Personal Character of April 14, 2008 No. 58 of Kyrgyzstan (“Data Protection Law”), as well as Regulation of Registration of Personal Data Holders (Owners) approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of KR of November 18, 2022, Offences Code No. 128 of October 28, 2021 of Kyrgyzstan establish privacy and security standards in each country that limit the collection, use, and/ or disclosure of certain individually identifiable health information, whether directly or indirectly (excluding the information of the deceased person) and require the implementation of administrative, physical and technological safeguards to protect the privacy of protected health information and ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic protected health information. The privacy regulations established under the PDPA and Data Protection Law also provide patients with rights related to understanding and controlling how their protected health information is collected, used and/ or disclosed. As a provider of services to entities subject to the PDPA and Data Protection Law, NewGenIvf is directly subject to certain provisions of the regulations. To the extent permitted by applicable privacy regulations and contracts with its clients, NewGenIvf is permitted to use and disclose protected health information to perform its services and for other limited purposes, but other uses and disclosures, such as marketing communications, require written authorization from the patient or must meet an exception specified under the privacy regulations.

 

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NewGenIvf also has downstream entities which provide it with services and are also subject to applicable regulations. If NewGenIvf or any of its downstream entities are unable to properly protect the privacy and security of protected health information entrusted to it, it could be found to have breached its contracts with its clients and be subject to investigation by the relevant supervision institution, i.e., the Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee of Thailand (the Government Authority under the PDPA), the Cambodia MOH and the State Data Protection Agency under the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan (the “Agency”). In the event the Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee or the Agency finds that NewGenIvf has failed to comply with applicable privacy and security standards, it could face civil, criminal, and/ or administrative penalties. In addition, the Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee performs compliance audits in order to proactively enforce the privacy and security standards. The Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee has become an increasingly active regulator and has signaled its intention to continue this trend. The Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee has the discretion to impose penalties and may require companies to enter into resolution agreements and corrective action plans which impose ongoing compliance requirements. The Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee’s enforcement activity, or audit related to incident regarding it or its downstream entity, can result in financial liability and reputational harm, and responses to such enforcement activity can consume significant internal resources. Although NewGenIvf has implemented and maintain policies, processes and compliance program infrastructure to assist it in complying with these laws and regulations and its contractual obligations, NewGenIvf cannot provide assurance regarding how these laws and regulations will be interpreted, enforced or applied to its operations. In associated with enforcement activities and potential contractual liabilities, its ongoing efforts to comply with evolving laws and regulations might also require it to make costly system purchases and/or modifications or otherwise divert significant resources to compliance initiatives from time to time.

 

  ● Other Privacy and Security Requirements. In addition, numerous other laws govern the collection, dissemination, use, access to and confidentiality of personal information. For example, the Law on E-Commerce of Cambodia (2019) places an obligation on those who electronically store private information to use all means to ensure that the information is protected by security safeguards in every reasonable circumstance to avoid the loss, access, use, modification, leakage, or disclosure of the information, except with the consent of the data owner or other lawfully authorized party. The Law on E-Commerce also prohibits individuals from dishonestly accessing, downloading, copying, extracting, leaking, deleting, modifying, or otherwise interfering with data stored by other persons. Applicable laws are contributing to increased enforcement activity and may also be subject to interpretation by various courts and other governmental authorities.

 

Certain of NewGenIvf’s solutions and services involve the transmission and storage of client data in various jurisdictions, which subjects the operation of those solutions and services to privacy or data protection laws and regulations in those jurisdictions. While NewGenIvf believes those solutions and services comply with current regulatory and security requirements in the jurisdictions in which it provides these solutions and services, there can be no assurance that such requirements will not change or that it will not otherwise be subject to legal or regulatory actions. The laws and regulations are rapidly evolving and changing, and could have an adverse impact on its operations. These laws and regulations are subject to uncertainty in how they may be interpreted and enforced by government authorities and regulators. The costs of compliance with, and the other burdens imposed by, these and other laws or regulatory actions may increase its operational costs, prevent it from providing its solutions, and/or impact its ability to invest in or jointly develop its solutions. NewGenIvf also may face audits or investigations by one or more government agencies relating to its compliance with these laws and regulations.

 

An adverse outcome under any such investigation or audit could result in fines, penalties, other liability, or could result in adverse publicity or a loss of reputation, and adversely affect NewGenIvf’s business. Any failure or perceived failure by it or by NewGenIvf’s solutions to comply with these laws and regulations may subject it to legal or regulatory actions, damage its reputation or adversely affect its ability to provide its solutions in the jurisdiction that has enacted the applicable law or regulation. Moreover, if these laws and regulations change, or are interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with its policies and processes or the operation of its solutions NewGenIvf may need to expend resources in order to change its business operations, policies and processes or the manner in which it provides its solutions. This could adversely affect NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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  ● Data Protection and Breaches. In recent years, there have been a number of well-publicized data breaches involving the improper dissemination of personal information of individuals both within and outside of the healthcare industry. Pursuant to the applicable data protection law of Thailand, the PDPA requires businesses to notify the data subjects and/or the government authorities upon the occurrence of a data breach. The laws are not consistent, and compliance in the event of a widespread data breach is costly. Each country also constantly amending existing laws, requiring attention to frequently changing regulatory requirements. Most countries require holders of personal information to maintain safeguards and take certain actions in response to a data breach, such as providing prompt notification of the breach to affected individuals. In some countries, these laws are limited to electronic data, but they increasingly are enacting or considering stricter and broader requirements.

 

Despite NewGenIvf’s security management efforts with respect to physical and technological safeguards, employee training, vendor (and sub-vendor) controls and contractual relationships, its infrastructure, data or other operation centers and systems used in its business operations, including the internet and related systems of its vendors (including vendors to whom NewGenIvf outsources data hosting, storage and processing functions) are vulnerable to, and may from time to time experience, unauthorized access to data and/or breaches of confidential information due to a variety of causes. Techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or compromise systems change frequently, are becoming increasingly sophisticated and complex, and are often not detected until after an incident has occurred. As a result, NewGenIvf might not be able to anticipate these techniques, implement adequate preventive measures, or immediately detect a potential compromise. If its security measures, some of which are managed by third parties, or the security measures of its service providers or vendors, are breached or fail, it is possible that unauthorized or illegal access to or acquisition, disclosure, use or processing of personal information, confidential information, or other sensitive client or employee data, including protected health information, may occur. A security breach or failure could result from a variety of circumstances and events, including third-party action, human negligence or error, malfeasance, employee theft or misuse, phishing and other social engineering schemes, computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers, failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components thereof, power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication failures, and catastrophic events. If NewGenIvf’s security measures, or those of its service providers or vendors, were to be breached or fail, its reputation could be severely damaged, adversely affecting client or investor confidence. As a result, clients may curtail their use of or stop using its offering and its business may suffer. In addition, NewGenIvf could face litigation, damages for contract breach, penalties and regulatory actions for violation of laws or regulations applicable to data protection and significant costs for remediation and for measures to prevent future occurrences. In addition, any potential security breach could result in increased costs associated with liability for stolen assets or information, repairing system damage that may have been caused by such breaches, incentives offered to clients or other business partners in an effort to maintain the business relationships after a breach and implementing measures to prevent future occurrences, including organizational changes, deploying additional personnel and protection technologies, training employees and engaging third-party experts and consultants. Negative publicity may also result from real, threatened or perceived security breaches affecting it or its industry or clients, which could cause it to lose clients or partners and adversely affect its operations and future prospects. NewGenIvf may not carry insurance or maintain coverage sufficient to compensate for all liability and such insurance may not be available for renewal on acceptable terms or at all, and in any event, insurance coverage would not address the reputational damage that could result from a security incident.

 

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  ● Fraud and Abuse Laws. NewGenIvf may be impacted directly and indirectly by certain fraud and abuse laws, including the Act Supplementing the Constitution Relating to the Prevention and Suppression of Corruption B.E. 2561 (2018) of Thailand, the Penal Code of Thailand, the Criminal Code of Cambodia, the Offences Code of October 28, 2021 No. 128 of Kyrgyzstan, the Criminal Code of October 28, 2021, No. 17 of Kyrgyzstan and the Law on prevention of corruption of August 8, 2021 No. 153 of Kyrgyzstan. Because the solutions and services NewGenIvf provides are not reimbursed by government healthcare payors, such fraud and abuse laws generally do not directly apply to its business, however, some laws may be applicable. The laws, regulations and other requirements in this area are both broad and vague and judicial interpretation can also be inconsistent. NewGenIvf reviews its practices with regulatory experts in an effort to comply with all applicable laws, regulatory and other requirements. However, NewGenIvf is unable to predict how these laws, regulations and other requirements will be interpreted or the full extent of their application, particularly to services that are not directly reimbursed by healthcare programs. Any determination by a regulatory authority that any of NewGenIvf’s activities or those of its clients or vendors violate any of these laws or regulations could subject NewGenIvf to civil or criminal penalties, require it to enter into corporate integrity agreements or similar agreements with ongoing compliance obligations, disqualify it from providing services to clients and/or have an adverse impact on its business, financial condition and results of operations. Even an unsuccessful challenge by a regulatory authority of NewGenIvf’s activities could result in adverse publicity and could require a costly response from it.

 

  ● Consumer Protection Laws. Consumer protection laws are being applied increasingly by the Office of the Consumer Protection Board in Thailand and by the Cambodia Ministry of Health to regulate the collection, use, storage and disclosure of personal or health information, through websites or otherwise, and, in Cambodia, by the Consumer Protection Competition and Fraud Repression Directorate-General, to regulate the presentation of website content. Courts may also adopt the standards for fair information practices, which concern consumer notice, choice, security and access.

 

  ● Restrictions on Communication. Communications with NewGenIvf’s clients increasingly may be subject to and restricted by laws and regulations governing communications via telephone, fax, text, and email. NewGenIvf also uses email and social media platforms as marketing tools. For example, NewGenIvf maintains social media accounts. As laws and regulations rapidly evolve to govern the use of these platforms and devices, the failure by it, its employees or third parties acting at its direction to abide by applicable laws and regulations in the use of these platforms and devices could adversely impact its business, financial condition and results of operations or subject it to fines or other penalties.

 

  ● Advertisement Laws. NewGenIvf’s advertisement and announcements, in particular, the messages releasing on the Internet related to medical facilities may subject to the laws and regulations of relevant jurisdictions (and potential prohibition in Cambodia on commercial advertisement of private medical services).

 

For example, in Thailand, NewGenIvf shall apply for and obtain the approval and/ or pre-approval from the relevant authority for the images, and text used in advertisements or announcements which shall be in accordance with the Medical Facility Act B.E. 2541 (1998) (and its amendments) and the Notification of the Department of Health Services Support on Rules, Procedures, Conditions, and Costs of Advertisements or Announcements of Healthcare Facilities B.E. 2562 (2019) (and its amendments) and the Operational Manual for Approval of Advertisements or Announcements relating to Healthcare Facilities. If such approval was not obtained by NewGenIvf, it could lead to significant liabilities and consequences, which could adversely impact NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition and results of operations or subject its sales and marketing director to personal liabilities.

 

For Cambodia, Prakas 028 on Advertisement of Private Medical, Paramedical and Medical Aid Practices dated August 23, 2004 issued by the Cambodia MOH prohibits commercial advertising of private medical services. Advertisement of private health care services is only allowed for any advertisements within the professional framework not affecting the ethics of private medical services and such advertisement requires a permit from the Cambodia MOH. In addition, the Royal Government of Cambodia has recently issued Sub-Decree 232 on the Management of Commercial Advertisements of Goods and Services on November 4, 2022 to provide the legal framework for the management of commercial advertising of goods and services for all types, forms and means in Cambodia. In light of this Sub-Decree, in addition to the permit requirement of the Cambodia MOH, a person wishing to advertise their goods and/or services in Cambodia may also apply for a compliance certificate from the Ministry of Commerce, which certifies that advertising text or content complies with the Law on Consumer Protection or other applicable regulations.

 

For Kyrgyzstan, the Law on Advertisements of December 24, 1998, No. 155 requires that if the activities of the advertiser subject to licensing, the advertisement of such advertiser must include the license number and the name of the authority that issued the license, except for radio advertising, where it is sufficient to state “licensed activity” on the territory of Kyrgyzstan. In advertising goods (including works and services), and other objects of advertising, cost indicators must be stated in the national currency. There are also other requirements established in relation to size, frequency, cost and other features of advertisements via different types of media.

 

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New laws and regulations relevant to the fertility services may be introduced in the future, or the current applicable regulations may otherwise be amended or replaced requiring the assisted reproductive medical facilities in its network to conduct business with additional oversight and regulatory compliance. If NewGenIvf fails to obtain the necessary licenses, permits and approvals, NewGenIvf may be subject to fines, confiscation of revenues generated from incompliance operations, or the suspension of relevant operations. NewGenIvf may also experience adverse publicity arising from such non-compliance with government regulations that negatively impacts its brand. NewGenIvf may experience difficulties or failures in obtaining the necessary approvals, licenses, and permits for new spaces or new service offerings. If NewGenIvf fails to obtain the material licenses, NewGenIvf’s business activities could be severely delayed. In addition, there can be no assurance that NewGenIvf will be able to obtain, renew, and/or convert all of the approvals, licenses, and permits required for its existing business operations upon their expiration in a timely manner, in a cost-efficient manner or at all, which could adversely affect NewGenIvf’s business operations and financial condition.

 

In addition, considerable uncertainties exist in relation to the interpretation and implementation of existing and future laws and regulations governing NewGenIvf’s business activities. NewGenIvf could be found not in compliance with any future laws and regulations or of the laws and regulations currently in effect due to changes in the relevant authorities’ interpretation of those laws and regulations. It is possible that different interpretations or enforcement of these regulations could subject the current or past practices to allegations of impropriety or illegality or require the medical facilities in its network to implement changes in the facilities, equipment, personnel or services, or increase capital expenditure and operating expenses. If NewGenIvf fails to complete, obtain, or maintain any of the required licenses or approvals or make the necessary filings, NewGenIvf may be subject to various penalties, such as confiscation of unlawful gains, the imposition of fines, revocation of licenses, and the discontinuation or restriction of NewGenIvf’s operations. Any such penalties or changes in policies, regulations, or enforcement by government authorities may disrupt NewGenIvf’s operations and materially and adversely affect NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

Legal or regulatory restriction, government regulation, industry standards and other requirements create risks and challenges with respect to NewGenIvf’s compliance efforts and its business strategies and could adversely impact NewGenIvf’s business and limited the growth of NewGenIvf’s operations.

 

The healthcare industry is highly regulated and subject to frequently changing laws, regulations, industry standards and other requirements. Many healthcare laws and regulations are complex, and their application to specific solutions, services and relationships may not be clear. In particular, many existing healthcare laws and regulations, when enacted, did not anticipate the solutions and services that NewGenIvf provides, and these laws and regulations may be applied to its solutions and services in ways that NewGenIvf does not anticipate. Efforts to reform or revise aspects of the healthcare industry or to revise or create additional legal or and regulatory requirements could impact its operations, the use of its solutions and services, and its ability to market new solutions and services, or could create unexpected liabilities for it. NewGenIvf also may be impacted by laws, industry standards and other requirements that are not specific to the healthcare industry, such as consumer protection laws and payment card industry standards. These requirements may impact its operations and, if not followed, could result in fines, penalties and other liabilities and adverse publicity and injury to its reputation.

 

There is a risk that existing or future laws may be interpreted in a manner that is not consistent with the healthcare industry’s current practices and could have an adverse effect on NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

 

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Any litigation against NewGenIvf could be costly and time-consuming to defend and could harm its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

NewGenIvf has in the past and may in the future become subject to regulatory actions, litigation, disputes, or claims of various types, legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, such as claims brought by its clients or vendors in connection with commercial disputes or employment claims made by its current or former employees, as well as claims brought by relevant regulatory authorities or NewGenIvf’s competitors, patients, employees, or other third parties against NewGenIvf. NewGenIvf is unable to predict the outcome of any of these legal proceedings. Such regulatory actions, disputes, allegations, complaints, or legal proceedings may damage NewGenIvf’s reputation, evolve into litigation, or otherwise have a material adverse impact on NewGenIvf’s reputation and business. Such proceedings might result in substantial costs, regardless of the outcome, and may significantly divert management’s attention and resources from operating NewGenIvf’s business, which might seriously harm its business, financial condition and results of operations. Insurance might not cover such claims, might not provide sufficient payments to cover all the costs to resolve one or more such claims, and might not continue to be available on terms acceptable to it. A claim brought against it that is uninsured or underinsured could result in unanticipated costs, potentially harming its business, financial condition and results of operations. The outcomes of actions NewGenIvf institutes may not be successful or favorable to NewGenIvf. Lawsuits against NewGenIvf may also generate negative publicity that significantly harms NewGenIvf’s reputation, which may adversely affect NewGenIvf’s client base. NewGenIvf may also need to pay damages or settle lawsuits with a substantial amount of cash.

 

Acquisitions, strategic investments, partnerships, or alliances could be difficult to identify, pose integration challenges, divert the attention of management, disrupt NewGenIvf’s business, dilute stockholder value, and adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

NewGenIvf may in the future seek to acquire or invest in businesses, joint ventures, products and services, or technologies that it believes could complement or expand its platform, enhance its technical capabilities, or otherwise offer growth opportunities. Any such acquisition or investment may divert the attention of management and cause NewGenIvf to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating and pursuing suitable opportunities, whether or not the transactions are completed, and may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. In particular, NewGenIvf may encounter difficulties assimilating or integrating the businesses, technologies, products and services, personnel or operations of the acquired companies, particularly if the key personnel of the acquired company choose not to work for it, they are operationally difficult to integrate, or NewGenIvf has difficulty retaining the clients of any acquired business due to changes in ownership, management or otherwise. These transactions may also disrupt its business, divert its resources, and require significant management attention that would otherwise be available for development of its existing business and may not benefit NewGenIvf’s business strategy, may not generate sufficient revenues to offset the associated acquisition costs or may not otherwise result in the intended benefits. Any such transactions that NewGenIvf is able to complete may not result in any synergies or other benefits it had expected to achieve, which could result in impairment charges that could be substantial. In addition, NewGenIvf may not be able to find and identify desirable acquisition targets or business opportunities or be successful in entering into an agreement with any particular strategic partner. These transactions could also result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect its results of operations. In addition, if the resulting business from such a transaction fails to meet NewGenIvf’s expectations, or it fails to successfully integrate such businesses into its own, its business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected or it may be exposed to unknown risks or liabilities. Even when NewGenIvf identifies an appropriate acquisition or investment target, it may not be able to negotiate the terms of the acquisition or investment successfully, obtain financing for the proposed transaction, or integrate the relevant businesses into its existing business and operations. Strategic investments or acquisitions will involve risks commonly encountered in business relationships, including:

 

  ● difficulties in assimilating and integrating the operations, personnel, systems, data, technologies, products and services of the acquired business;

 

  ● inability of the acquired technologies, products or businesses to achieve expected levels of revenue, profitability, productivity or other benefits;

 

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  ● difficulties in retaining, training, motivating and integrating key personnel;

 

  ● diversion of management’s time and resources from NewGenIvf’s normal daily operations;

 

  ● difficulties in maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies within the combined organizations;

 

  ● difficulties in retaining relationships with customers, employees and suppliers of the acquired business;

 

  ● risks of entering markets in which NewGenIvf have limited or no prior experience;

 

  ● regulatory risks, including remaining in good standing with existing regulatory bodies or receiving any necessary pre-closing or post-closing approvals, as well as being subject to new regulators with oversight over an acquired business;

 

  ● assumption of contractual obligations that contain terms that are not beneficial to NewGenIvf, require it to license or waive intellectual property rights or increase its risk for liability;

 

  ● failure to further successfully develop the acquired technology;

 

  ● liability for activities of the acquired business before the acquisition, including intellectual property infringement claims, violations of laws, commercial disputes, tax liabilities and other known and unknown liabilities;

 

  ● potential disruptions to NewGenIvf’s ongoing businesses; and

 

  ● unexpected costs and unknown risks and liabilities associated with strategic investments or acquisitions.

 

Even if the transaction is consummated, NewGenIvf may only have limited control over the companies in which it only has minority stake, it cannot ensure that these companies will always comply with applicable laws and regulations in their business operations. Non-compliance of regulatory requirements by NewGenIvf’s investees may cause substantial harm to NewGenIvf’s reputations and the value of NewGenIvf’s investment. In addition, if the resulting business from such a transaction fails to meet NewGenIvf’s expectations, or it fails to successfully integrate such businesses into its own, its business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected or it may be exposed to unknown risks or liabilities. If NewGenIvf is unable to effectively address these challenges, its ability to execute acquisitions as a component of its long-term strategy will be impaired, which could have an adverse effect on its growth. As a result of the above, NewGenIvf’s strategies may not be successfully implemented beyond the current markets.

 

Any investment might not achieve the synergies, operational or financial benefits it expects and may adversely impact NewGenIvf’s operating results. In addition, NewGenIvf cannot assure you that any future investment in or acquisition of new businesses or technology will lead to the successful development of new or enhanced products and services or that any new or enhanced products and services, if developed, will achieve market acceptance, or prove to be profitable.

 

Changes in NewGenIvf’s effective tax rate or tax liability may have an adverse effect on its results of operations.

 

NewGenIvf’s effective tax rate could increase due to several factors, including, but not limited to:

 

  ● changes in the relative amounts of income before taxes in the various jurisdictions in which NewGenIvf operates that have differing statutory tax rates;

 

  ● changes in tax laws, tax treaties, and regulations or the interpretation of them;

 

  ● changes to its assessment about its ability to realize its deferred tax assets that are based on estimates of its future results, the prudence and feasibility of possible tax planning strategies, and the economic and political environments in which NewGenIvf does business;

 

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  ● the outcome of future tax audits, examinations, or administrative appeals; and

 

  ● limitations or adverse findings regarding its ability to do business in some jurisdictions.

 

Any of these developments could have an adverse effect on its results of operations.

 

NewGenIvf’s reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in relevant jurisdictions.

 

Accounting principles generally accepted in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan are subject to interpretation by the relevant supervision institutions, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on NewGenIvf’s reported results of operations and could affect the reporting of transactions already completed before the announcement of a change. The adoption of new or revised accounting principles may require it to make changes to its systems, processes and control, which could have a significant effect on its reported financial results, cause unexpected financial reporting fluctuations, retroactively affect previously reported results or require it to make costly changes to its operational processes and accounting systems upon or following the adoption of these standards.

 

If NewGenIvf’s estimates or judgments relating to its critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, its results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in NewGenIvf’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. NewGenIvf bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of NewGenIvf — Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates.” The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates and judgments used in preparing NewGenIvf’s consolidated financial statements include those related to the determination of fair value of its Class A Ordinary Shares and Warrants and revenue recognition relating to services rendered but for which no claim has yet been reported, among other things. NewGenIvf’s results of operations may be adversely affected if its assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in its assumptions, which could cause its results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of its Class A Ordinary Shares and Warrants.

 

NewGenIvf is subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, and similar laws, and non-compliance with such laws can subject it to criminal or civil liability and harm its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

NewGenIvf is subject to the Anti-Money Laundering Act B.E. 2542 (1999) of Thailand, the Act Supplementing the Constitution Relating to the Prevention and Suppression of Corruption B.E. 2561 (2018) of Thailand, and the Penal Code of Thailand, domestic bribery laws, and other anticorruption and anti-money laundering laws in the countries in which it conducts activities. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws have been enforced aggressively in recent years and are interpreted broadly to generally prohibit companies, their employees and their third-party intermediaries from authorizing, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper payments or benefits to recipients in the public or private sector. If NewGenIvf expands its business and sales and to the public sector, it may engage with business partners and third-party intermediaries to market its services and to obtain for it the necessary permits, licenses, and other regulatory approvals. In addition, NewGenIvf or its third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. NewGenIvf can be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party intermediaries, its employees, representatives, contractors, partners and agents, even if it does not explicitly authorize such activities. Detecting, investigating, and resolving actual or alleged violations of anti-corruption laws can require a significant diversion of time, resources, and attention from senior management. In addition, noncompliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery, or anti-money laundering laws could subject it to whistleblower complaints, investigations, prosecution, enforcement actions, sanctions, settlements, fines, damages, other civil or criminal penalties or injunctions, suspension or debarment from contracting with certain persons, reputational harm, adverse media coverage, and other collateral consequences. If any subpoenas or investigations are launched, or governmental or other sanctions are imposed, or if NewGenIvf does not prevail in any possible civil or criminal proceeding, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a materially significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

For more information about our SEC filings, please see “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation by Reference.”

 

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Some of the statements made under “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business” and elsewhere in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” “intends” or “continue,” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.

 

These forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, statements relating to our objectives, plans and strategies, statements that contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition, expected capital needs and expenses, statements relating to the research, development, completion and use of our products, and all statements (other than statements of historical facts) that address activities, events or developments that we intend, expect, project, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future.

 

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties. We have based these forward-looking statements on assumptions and assessments made by our management in light of their experience and their perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate.

 

Important factors that could cause actual results, developments and business decisions to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements include, among other things:

 

●our planned level of revenues and capital expenditures;

 

  ● our ability to market and sell our products and services;

 

  ● our plans to continue to invest in research and development to develop technology for both existing and new products;

 

  ● our ability to maintain our relationships with suppliers, manufacturers and other partners;

 

  ● our ability to maintain or protect the validity of our intellectual property and know-how;

 

  ● our ability to retain key executive members;

 

  ● our ability to internally develop and protect new inventions and intellectual property;

 

  ● our ability to expose and educate the industry about the use of our services and products;

 

  ● our expectations regarding our tax classifications;

 

  ● interpretations of current laws and the passages of future laws; and

 

  ● the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and resulting government actions on us, our manufacturers, suppliers and facilities.

 

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These statements are only current predictions and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks in this prospectus in greater detail under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events.

 

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by law, we are under no duty to update or revise any of the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this prospectus.

 

LISTING DETAILS

 

Our Ordinary Shares currently trade on Nasdaq under the symbol “NIVF.” As of the date of this prospectus, our only listed class of securities are our Ordinary Shares. All of our Ordinary Shares, including those to be offered by the Selling Shareholders pursuant to this prospectus, have the same rights and privileges. For more information, see “Description of Share Capital—Ordinary Shares.”

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares by the Selling Shareholders. All net proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares will go to the Selling Shareholders.

 

DIVIDEND POLICY

 

We have not declared or paid any cash dividend on our Ordinary Shares as of the date of this prospectus. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends in the near future. Any further determination to pay dividends on our ordinary shares would be at the discretion of our Board of Directors, subject to applicable laws, and would depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition should be read together with ou consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and other financial information, which are included elsewhere in this registration statement. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). In addition, our financial statements and the financial information included in this registration statement reflect our organizational transactions and have been prepared as if our current corporate structure had been in place throughout the relevant periods. 

 

This section contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to various factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in these forward-looking statements. Further, as a result of these factors, risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events may not occur. Relevant factors, risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Business,” “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this registration statement. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s beliefs and opinions as of the date of this registration statement. We are not obligated to publicly update or revise any forward -looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

Overview

 

NewGenIvf is an assisted reproductive services (“ARS”) provider in Asia Pacific. Since the establishment of its first clinic in Thailand in 2014, it has established itself as a long-standing ARS provider in the region. NewGenIvf’s mission is to assist couples and individuals across Asia Pacific, regardless of fertility challenges that they may face, to fulfil their dreams of building families and to increase their access to fertility treatments. Its strategic presence in Thailand, Cambodia, and Kyrgyzstan positions the company to take advantage of opportunities across Asia Pacific.

 

NewGenIvf is still in the early stage of materializing its long-term objective of building a comprehensive, sophisticated and high-end ARS platform for its clients and providing personalized solutions based on NewGenIvf’s brands and client-generated services. NewGenIvf plans to offer full fertility services for fertility tourists across Asia Pacific, continue to invest in laboratories and facilities updates, increase its brand awareness and market share, as well as expand service reach through acquisitions and partnerships, which NewGenIvf believes will help expand its client base and enhance expertise attraction, and in turn strengthen NewGenIvf’s monetization capabilities.

 

Key Factors Affecting NewGenIvf’s Results of Operations

 

NewGenIvf’s results of operation are principally affected by the following factors:

 

Regulatory environment

 

The ARS market in Asia-Pacific region is highly regulated. The implementation and enforcement of laws, regulations and government policies in Thailand, Cambodia, Kyrgyzstan and other applicable jurisdictions significantly impact the design, pricing and sale of fertility services and cost of compliance for clinics across Asia Pacific. Medical facilities providing fertility services generally must be filed and registered with the relevant supervision institutions and such filing and registration must be renewed periodically. Any change in laws, regulations or policies in relation to such filing or registration could affect NewGenIvf’s ability and plans to launch new services and renew registration for existing services. The regulatory framework for medical facilities and services, especially those involving ARS, is, and will continue, evolving. Any changes in the applicable regulatory frameworks in the jurisdictions where NewGenIvf operates may materially affect its financial condition and results of operations.

 

Growth and competitive landscape of Asia Pacific’s ARS market

 

NewGenIvf’s revenue has historically been primarily derived from clients in Asia Pacific. As such, NewGenIvf’s financial performance and future growth depend primarily on the demand for ARS, as well as changes in its competitive landscape, in Asia Pacific. Population growth, infertility rates, and demand for facility treatments in the region will ultimately determine the demand for NewGenIvf’s services. According to CIC, infertility is increasingly becoming prevalent globally, primarily driven by increasing average age of first birth, as well as various lifestyle and environmental factors. Driven by an increased infertility rate and growing demand for children without birth defects, resulting from improving living standards and improved awareness about birth defects and prevention, the global ARS market is expected to continue to grow. Furthermore, according to CIC, a growing number of governments around the world has granted legal recognition to same-sex marriages, which brings more desires for having children to form a complete family. According to CIC, because of the fertility rate and recent government incentive policies, such as the Three-child Policy of China in 2021, the ARS market increased significantly in Asia Pacific. Leveraging its status as a long-standing ARS provider in Asia Pacific, NewGenIvf expects to continue to be well positioned to capture the expected growth in the demand for ARS in the area.

 

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To date, NewGenIvf holds an exclusive license granted by a division of the Genetics and IVF Institute to use MicroSort technology in Thailand and Cambodia, which is a form of pre-conception gender selection technology for humans. While NewGenIvf expects to benefit from first-mover advantages for this technology in the two regions, market entry by potential competitors or faster-than-expected development of potential competitors may affect its market position and demand for its services and cause downward pricing pressure on its treatments, which may in turn materially and adversely affect its results of operations. Meanwhile, ARS market could also be affected by the macroeconomic environment and geopolitical events. Uncertainty in the macroeconomic environment, resulting from a range of events and trends, including the rise in global inflation and interest rates, supply chain disruptions, geopolitical pressures, including the unknown impact of current and future trade regulations, changes in Asian-Pacific relations, fluctuation in foreign exchange rates, and associated global economic conditions may result in volatility in ARS market and NewGenIvf’s operating performance. For example, NewGenIvf derives a substantial portion of its revenue from Chinese clients and as such, its failure to maintain PRC-sourced revenues and access to new and existing clients from the PRC could materially and adversely affect its results of operations and competitive position. However, the near-term growth prospects of the PRC economy are unclear due to the uncertain effects of ongoing economic stress caused by policies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, trade and national security policies, and the elevated levels of private and public indebtedness, among others. According to the National Statistics Bureau of the PRC, growth rate of China’s GDP for the year 2022 slowed down to 3.0% on a year-on-year basis compared to the growth rate of approximately 8.4% for the year 2021. In the second quarter of 2023, China’s GDP grew only 0.8% on a quarter basis, a significant slowdown from the 2.2% quarter growth registered in the first quarter of 2023. A prolonged downturn in the PRC economy generally could materially and adversely affect NewGenIvf’s results of operations and there is a significant likelihood that NewGenIvf’s actual results over the time periods and under the scenarios covered by the projections would be different. However, China’s GDP in the third quarter of 2023 grew 4.9% on a year-on-year basis and grew 1.3% on a quarter-by-quarter basis. NewGenIvf believes that if there is a recovery of the PRC economy, it might increase the demand for NewgenIvf’s services and therefore in turn affect NewGenIvf’s results of operations.

 

Fluctuation of costs

 

NewGenIvf’s costs primarily include clinic costs, cost of goods sold, selling and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses, details of which are set out below.

 

  ● Clinic costs. NewGenIvf’s clinic costs primarily consisted of sub-contracting charges, office supplies and staff salaries and bonus, most of which are recognized during the provision of surrogacy services. Its clinic costs represented approximately 55.7%, 65.7% of its revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As NewGenIvf gradually expands the scale of its operation and presence in Asia Pacific, its clinic costs is expected to increase in the foreseeable future, which will affect its profitability.

 

  ● Cost of goods sold. NewGenIvf’s cost of goods sold primarily consisted of purchase and direct cost for IVF treatment services and surrogacy and ancillary caring services, most of which are recognized during the provision of IVF treatment services. Its cost of goods sold represented approximately 11.6% and 8.5% of the revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. NewGenIvf expects its cost of goods sold to increase in the foreseeable future as it gradually grows its revenues and expand its sales network.

 

  ● Selling and marketing expenses. NewGenIvf’s selling and marketing expenses primarily consisted of social media expense. Its selling and marketing expenses represented approximately 0.4% and 0.6% of its revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. NewGenIvf expects its selling and marketing expenses to increase as it plans to expand its sales and scale its operation in Asia-Pacific.

 

  ● General and administrative expenses. NewGenIvf’s general and administrative expenses primarily consisted of depreciation in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, l and staff salaries and director fees. Its general and administrative expenses represented approximately 24.5% and 18.4% of its revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. NewGenIvf expects its general and administrative expenses to increase in line with its expansion plan.

 

NewGenIvf expects its cost structure to evolve as it develops and expands its business. As NewGenIvf continues to develop new services and technologies, NewGenIvf expects to incur additional costs in relation to its raw materials procurement, production and sales and marketing, among other things. Moreover, to support NewGenIvf’s business growth, it expects to increase its headcount, particularly for its lab and nurse team, and incur higher staff costs as a result.

 

Ability to maintain trust of clients and reputation in the industry

 

The success of NewGenIvf’s business will depend to a large extent on its ability to gain broad acceptance of its services from clients. Reputation is crucial in keeping existing clients and attracting new clients. NewGenIvf’s reputation depends on a number of factors, including for example the success, effectiveness, quality and pricing of its services, service offerings of its competitors, the effectiveness of its marketing efforts to drive awareness and the demand for fertility services, which eventually will affect its ability to maintain clients and attract new clients. Therefore, NewGenIvf’s success will depend to a large extent on its ability to maintain its reputation in the industry and its clients’ trust, which would affect the number of its clients and treatment cycles that will in turn affect its revenues.

 

NewGenIvf believes that the medical facilities in its network are increasingly recognized among clients, for their service quality, technological expertise and patient experience. NewGenIvf also hopes to keep its clients by providing discounts in treatment services and via the “success guarantee” program for egg donation services in Cambodia and surrogacy services in Kyrgyzstan, which provides treatments to clients until a success is achieved.

 

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Based on its increasingly recognized reputation, NewGenIvf believes that there is substantial opportunity to continue to grow its revenue through attracting new clients. NewGenIvf’s addressable market is couples who want to have children, egg freezing patients, LGBT groups and couples with genetic abnormalities, particularly those in Asia Pacific. NewGenIvf believes that its current client base represents a small percentage of its total market opportunity. NewGenIvf intends to attract new clients by, among other things, making significant investments in sales and marketing to engage, educate and drive awareness of the unmet need of fertility treatment among its potential clients and by its customer-reference discounts mechanism. Additionally, NewGenIvf believes that its expanding presence has resulted in a heightened awareness of the need to offer fertility services and the value it provides to its clients, which it believes will help facilitate its growth. In addition, NewGenIvf is continuously utilizing its established client relationships to evaluate other potential services that could benefit its clients and simultaneously drive its growth.

 

International traveling conditions

 

The revenue from international clients is a critical component of NewGenIvf’s revenue. International traveling to Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan may be affected by a number of factors, including local and global political, economic and cultural conditions. Furthermore, an outbreak, or threatened outbreak, of any severe contagious disease may also in turn significantly reduce the demand of traveling. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has had resulted in a number of countries declaring a state of emergency and a number of countries, including the countries in Asian Pacific, imposing extensive travel restrictions. NewGenIvf’s revenue in the year 2021 was significantly adversely affected due to the impact from COVID-19 travel restrictions. In addition, a Chinese crime thriller, No More Bets, which has grossed more than $500 million at the international box office since its August 2023 release and which tells the harrowing story of characters being lured and kidnapped into a violent scam ring in an unnamed Southeast Asian country after accepting lucrative overseas job offers, and the continuing social media coverage may have brought fears and safety concerns to Chinese tourists of being scammed and kidnapped in Thailand and Cambodia. In addition, in October 2023, a 14-year-old with a gun opened fire in a luxury shopping mall in downtown Bangkok, killing two people and injuring five in one of Thailand’s most popular tourist destinations. These conditions may cause NewGenIvf difficulty in attracting clients from the PRC to travel to Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan for NewGenIvf’s services, which could materially and adversely affect NewGenIvf’s operations and financial results.

 

Given the uncertainty of the local and global conditions and the countries’ future policy regarding international traveling, all of which are beyond NewGenIvf’s control, NewGenIvf’s results of operation may be materially and adversely affected by any changes in international travelling conditions.

 

Key Components of Results of Operations

 

NewGenIvf’s revenues were derived from two types of services: IVF treatment services and surrogacy and ancillary caring services.

 

Revenue

 

The following table sets forth a breakdown of NewGenIvf’s revenue by the types of services, in absolute amounts and as percentages of total revenue, for the periods indicated.

 

   For the Year ended December 31, 
   2023   2022 
   US$   %   US$   % 
IVF treatment services(1)   4,021,696    78.3   2,819,163    47.4 
Surrogacy and ancillary caring services   1,114,457    21.7   3,125,027    52.6 
Total revenues   5,136,153    100.0    5,944,190    100.0 

 

(1) Include an insignificant amount of revenue derived from consultation customers who used NewGenIvf’s non-IVF treatment and insignificant services, such as check-ups services, blood test services and other minor services.

 

NewGenIvf generated revenue from facilities located in various geographic regions. The following table sets forth a breakdown of NewGenIvf’s revenue based on the locations where the revenue originated, in absolute amounts and as percentages of total revenue, for the periods indicated.

 

   For the Year ended December 31, 
   2023   2022 
   US$   %   US$   % 
HK SAR   34,038    0.7    —    — 
Kyrgyzstan   3,123,593    60.8    5,060,973    85.1 
Cambodia   621,619    12.1%   377,608    6.4 
Thailand   1,356,903    26.4%   505,609    8.5 
Total revenues   5,136,153    100.0    5,944,190    100.0 

 

NewGenIvf’s revenue results are affected by, among others, changes in sales price and the fluctuation of foreign currency rates with US dollars. A 5% change in sales price would cause 5% change in NewGenIvf’s revenue. Based on the breakdown of the revenue contribution in terms of currencies used by customers for 2023, a 5% change in foreign currency rates with US dollars would cause approximately 1.3% change in NewGenIvf’s revenue. NewGenIvf’s average sales revenue from IVF treatment services per each IVF Customer (as defined below) was approximately US$ 14,951 in 2023 and average sales revenue from surrogacy and related ancillary caring services per each Surrogacy Customer was approximately US$10,926 in 2023.

 

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For the year ended December 31, 2023, NewGenIvf served 357 customers using IVF treatment services and surrogacy and ancillary caring services, and recorded average revenue per such significant customer of approximately US$14,386.

 

IVF treatment services

 

NewGenIvf generated revenue from IVF treatment services provided at facilities that NewGenIvf operated in Thailand and Cambodia. In addition, NewGenIvf also recognized revenues from IVF treatments included in surrogacy services performed in Kyrgyzstan. NewGenIvf’s revenue from IVF treatment service amounted to US$2,819,163 and US$4,021,696, representing approximately 78.3% and 47.4% of its total revenues in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The number of IVF treatment service customers (the “IVF Customers”), which includes surrogacy and ancillary caring service customers who also use IVF treatment services, was approximately 269 in 2023, and the average sales revenue from IVF treatment services per each IVF Customer was approximately US$14,951 in 2023. 

 

IVF treatment involves the performance of a series of medical treatment and procedures that are not separately distinct and only brings benefits to client when embryo is successfully implanted, either in the client or a surrogate mother. Therefore, revenue from IVF treatment is recognized at a point in time when it is completed in clinic. The completion of this treatment is evidenced by a written IVF report indicating successful embryo implantation.

 

Surrogacy and ancillary caring services

 

NewGenIvf also generated revenue from surrogacy and related ancillary caring services provided at facilities that NewGenIvf operated in Kyrgyzstan. NewGenIvf’s revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services amounted to US$1,114,457 and US$3,125,027, representing approximately 21.7% and 52.6% of its total revenues in 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in revenue from 2022 to 2023 was primarily attributed to the departure of an agent in mid-2023, which agent had who introduced us customers for surrogacy and ancillary caring services, thus less income arising from surrogacy and ancillary caring services was generated. The number of surrogacy and related ancillary caring service customers (the “Surrogacy Customers”) was approximately 102 in 2023 and the average sales revenue from surrogacy and related ancillary caring services per each Surrogacy Customer was approximately US$10,926 in 2023.

 

In surrogacy and ancillary caring services, embryo from intending parents is implanted in the surrogate mother sub-contracted by NewGenIvf. During the pregnancy period of the surrogate mother, NewGenIvf provides ancillary caring services including maternity caring services such as regular body check and provision of vitamins, supplements and medicines to surrogate mothers, documentation service, and hotel accommodation services. Revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services is recognized at a point in time when the surrogate mother gives birth.

 

Cost of revenue

 

The following table sets forth a breakdown of NewGenIvf’s cost of revenue by the nature of the cost, in absolute amounts and as percentages of total cost of revenues, for the periods indicated.

 

    For the Year ended December 31,  
    2023     2022  
    US$     %     US$     %  
Cost of revenues                        
Cost of goods sold     594,984       17.2     502,969       11.4  
Clinic costs     2,859,384       82.8     3,903,452       88.6  
Total cost of revenues     3,454,368       100.0       4,406,421       100.0  

 

Cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold primarily consisted of purchase and direct cost for IVF treatment services and surrogacy and ancillary caring services. NewGenIvf’s cost of goods was mostly recognized during the provision of IVF treatment services.

 

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Clinic costs. Clinic costs primarily consisted of sub-contracting charges, office supplies and staff salaries and bonus. The largest portion of clinic costs was sub-contracting charges, representing fees paid to agents who recruited surrogate mothers and assisted in the documentation, consulting and medical treatment arrangement throughout treatment procedure. NewGenIvf’s clinic costs of goods were mostly recognized during the provision of surrogacy services.

 

Gross profit and gross margin

 

The following table sets forth NewGenIvf’s gross profit in absolute amounts and its gross margin as percentages of total revenues, for the periods indicated.

 

   For the Year ended December 31, 
   2023   2022 
   US$   %   US$   % 
Gross profit   1,681,785    32.7%   1,537,769    25.9 
Revenues   5,136,153    —    5,944,190    — 

 

NewGenIvf expects that gross profit and gross margin will continue to be affected by various factors including the geographic locations where treatments are performed, as well as the pricing with its clients, agent subcontracting charges and the costs of the supplies provided by major pharmaceutical companies, all of which are negotiated separately.

 

Operating expenses

 

NewGenIvf’s operating expenses consist primarily of selling and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses. NewGenIvf’s selling and marketing expenses are primarily social media expenses. NewGenIvf’s general and administrative expenses mainly include depreciation in operating lease ROU assets, loss on disposal of plant and equipment and staff salaries.

 

Other income

 

NewGenIvf’s other income consists primarily of waiver of related party balance.

 

Interest expense

 

NewGenIvf’s interest expense is incurred in relation to its interest-bearing borrowing.

 

Taxation

 

Cayman Islands

 

NewGenIvf is incorporated in the Cayman Islands and is not subject to tax on income or capital gains under current Cayman Islands law. In addition, upon payment of dividends to shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.

 

Hong Kong

 

Under the two-tiered profits tax rates regime, Hong Kong tax residents are subject to Hong Kong profits tax in respect of profits arising in or derived from Hong Kong at 8.25% for the first HK$2 million of profits of the qualifying group entity, and profits above HK$2 million will be taxed at 16.5%. The profits of group entities not qualifying for the two-tiered profits tax rates regime will continue to be taxed at a flat rate of 16.5%.

 

Accordingly, the Hong Kong profits tax is calculated at 8.25% on the first HK$2 million of the estimated assessable profits and at 16.5% on the remaining estimated assessable profits.

 

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Thailand

 

The companies incorporated in Thailand are taxed on worldwide income. A company incorporated outside of Thailand is taxed on its profits arising from or in consequence of the business carried on in Thailand. The Thailand corporate income tax rate is 20%. A foreign company not carrying on business in Thailand is subject to a final withholding tax on certain types of assessable income (e.g., interest, dividends, royalties, rentals, and service fees) paid from or in Thailand. The rate of tax is generally 15%, except for dividends, which is 10%, while other rates may apply under the provisions of a double tax treaty.

 

Cambodia

 

The standard rate of corporate income tax for companies and permanent establishments in Cambodia who are classified as medium and large taxpayers is 20%. For companies and permanent establishments who are classified as small taxpayers, the corporate income tax rates are progressive rates from 0% to 20%. In view of the annual turnover of the company, which ranges from KHR1 billion to KHR6 billion for service and commercial sectors, the company is considered a medium-sized company.

 

Kyrgyzstan

 

NewGenIvf is subject to a corporate income tax on its aggregate annual income earned worldwide. Non-resident legal entities carrying out business activities through a permanent establishment in Kyrgyzstan are subject to profit tax on the income attributed to the activities of that permanent establishments. Profit tax is calculated at a rate of 10% of aggregate annual income less allowed deductions.

 

Results of Operations

 

   For the Year ended
December 31,		 
   2023   2022 
   US$ 
Revenues   5,136,153    5,944,190 
Cost of revenues   (3,454,368)   (4,406,421)
Gross profit   1,681,785    1,537,769 
           
Operating expenses          
Selling and marketing expenses   (18,030)   (36,194)
General and administrative expenses   (1,259,364)   (1,094,962)
Auditors fees   (362,149)   (7,908)
 Total operating expenses   (1,639,543)   (1,139,064)
           
Operating income   42,242    398,705 
           
Other income (expenses), net          
Other income   111,837    23,019 
Interest income   518    21 
Interest expense   (46,179)   (77,757)
Total other income (expenses), net   66,176    (54,717)
           
Income before taxes   108,418    343,988 
Provision for income taxes   —    (208,141)
Net income   108,418    135,847 
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests   (21,775)   (322,820)
Net income attributable to the shareholders of the Company   130,193    458,667 
Other comprehensive (loss) income          
Foreign currency translation adjustment   (22,704)   (1,920)
Total comprehensive income   85,714    133,927 
Less: Total comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests   (27,621)   (323,458)
Total comprehensive income attributable to the shareholders of the Company   113,335    457,385 
           
(Loss) earning per share – basic and diluted   0.18    0.80 
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding   615,135    575,930 

 

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Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2022

 

Revenue

 

NewGenIvf’s revenue decreased by approximately 13.6% from US$5,944,190 in 2022 to US$5,136,153 in 2023.

 

IVF treatment services

 

NewGenIvf’s IVF treatment service revenue increased by approximately 42.7% from US$2,819,163 in 2022 to US$4,021,696 in 2023. This increase was primarily the result of our continued expansion of clinics in Thailand which focus on IVF services.

 

Surrogacy and ancillary caring services

 

NewGenIvf’s surrogacy and ancillary caring services revenue decreased by approximately 64.3% from US$3,125,027 in 2022 to US$1,114,457 in 2023. This decrease was primarily the result of temporary caesura of surrogacy business. 

 

Cost of revenue

 

NewGenIvf’s cost of revenue decreased by approximately 21.6% from US$4,406,421 in 2022 to US$3,454,368 in 2023.

 

Cost of goods sold

 

NewGenIvf’s cost of goods sold increased by approximately 18.3% from US$502,969 in 2022 to US$594,984 in 2023, primarily attributed to the stocking arrangements prepared for 2023 exceed the original estimated demand, due to the local top management reported on board until in the middle of the year, and the procurement strategy was not immediately carried on time, which also caused procurement costs to double year-on-year. 

 

Clinic costs

 

NewGenIvf’s clinic costs decreased by approximately 26.7% from US$3,903,452 in 2022 to US$2,859,384 in 2023, primarily due to the relocation arrangement, certain daily operating schedules stopped, resulting in the clinic’s service being temporarily suspended in 2023.

 

Gross profit

 

NewGenIvf’s gross profit increased by approximately 9.4% from US$1,537,769 in 2022 to US$1,681,785 in 2023, primarily attributable to a reorganizing of our cooperation model with subcontractors and the increased efficiency of our marketing services, resulting in a decrease in unit service costs per customer, directly leading to increases in gross profit margins.

 

NewGenIvf’s gross margin increased from 25.9% and 32.7% in 2022 to 2023.

 

Operating expenses

 

NewGenIvf’s operating expenses increased by approximately 43.9% from US$1,139,064 in 2022 to US$1,639,543 in 2023, primarily attributable to auditor fees of US$362,149 incurred in 2022 being recognised in 2023 and listing legal and professional fees of US$183,527, other than these old fees incurred, there is the similar level with last year.

 

Other income

 

NewGenIvf’s other income increased from US$23,019 in 2022 to US$111,837 in 2023, primarily attributable to a waiving amount due to director from the company which is about US$88,151. 

 

Interest expense

 

NewGenIvf’s interest expense decreased by approximately 40.6%, from US$77,757 in 2022 to US$46,179 in 2023 as a result of less interest expenses on bank and other borrowings in 2023.

 

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Provision for income taxes

 

NewGenIvf’s provision for income taxes decreased by approximately 100% from US$208,141 in 2022 to US$Nil in 2023 as a result of no assessable income generated from Thailand, Kyrgyzstan and Cambodia.

 

Net income

 

NewGenIvf’s net income decreased by approximately 20% from US$135,847 in 2022 to US$108,418 in 2023 as a result of a listing project carried out during in 2023 and a relocation of our operating clinic in Thailand, to cause the increase cost and salary of recruiting and training loacl talents. There is an additional auditor fees for the year, which is amounting to US$362,149.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Cash flows and working capital

 

NewGenIvf’s principal sources of liquidity have been cash flows generated from its business operations. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, NewGenIvf had US$54,104 and U$27,556, respectively, in cash and cash equivalents. NewGenIvf had working capital (defined as total current assets deducted by total current liabilities) of a surplus of US$79,000 and deficit of US$157,027, respectively, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

 

Over the years, certain amount of cash provided by operating activities was distributed to NewGenIvf’s primary shareholders, Mr. Siu, Wing Fung Alfred and Ms. Fong, Hei Yue Tina. As of December 31, 2023, NewGenIvf does not owe any amounts to shareholders. Nevertheless, NewGenIvf is able to generate sufficient cash flow from its business operations to operate and grow its business.

 

NewGenIvf continually seeks to monetize from positive cash flow contracts and increase revenue from its operating activities. NewGenIvf monitors its current and expected liquidity requirements to help ensure that it maintains sufficient cash balances to meet its existing and reasonably likely long-term liquidity needs.

 

NewGenIvf intends to finance its future working capital requirements and capital expenditures from cash generated from operating activities, in addition to funds raised from financing activities. NewGenIvf may, however, require additional cash due to changing business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions it may decide to pursue. If its existing cash is insufficient to meet its requirements, NewGenIvf may seek to issue debt or equity securities or obtain additional credit facilities. Financing may be unavailable in the amounts NewGenIvf needs or on terms acceptable to it, if at all. Issuance of additional equity securities, including convertible debt securities, would dilute NewGenIvf’s earnings per share. The incurrence of debt would divert cash for working capital and capital expenditures to service debt obligations and could result in operating and financial covenants that restrict NewGenIvf’s operations and its ability to pay dividends to its shareholders. If NewGenIvf is unable to obtain additional equity or debt financing as required, its business operations and prospects may suffer. Please see “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to NewGenIvf’s Business and Industry — NewGenIvf requires a significant amount of capital to fund its operations and growth. If NewGenIvf cannot obtain sufficient capital on acceptable terms, its business, financial condition, and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.”

 

The following table presents NewGenIvf’s selected consolidated cash flow data for the periods indicated.

 

   For the Year ended
December 31,		 
   2023   2022 
   US$ 
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities   (1,766,135)   1,710,901 
Net cash used in investing activities   (69,848)   (94,452)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities   1,881,493    (1,633,781)
           
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents   45,510    (17,332)
Effect of foreign currency translation on cash and cash equivalents   (18,962)   16,124 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year   27,556    28,764 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year   54,104    27,556 

 

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Operating activities

 

Net cash used in operating activities was US$1,766,135 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The difference between NewGenIvf’s net profit of US$108,418 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and the net cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to refund of payment from clients from the contract liabilities and the expenses spent on the legal and professional cost which was capitalized in the book of 2023.

 

Net cash provided by operating activities was US$1,710,901 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The difference between NewGenIvf’s net income of US$135,847 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the net cash provided by operating activities was primarily attributable to (i) adjustments for depreciation and amortization of US$303,944, (ii) changes in contract liabilities of US$548,010 and (iii) changes in directors’ remuneration of US$240,000, partially offset by operating lease liabilities of US$175,132.

 

Investing activities

 

Net cash used in investing activities in 2023 was US$69,848, primarily representing purchase of plant and equipment.

 

Net cash used in investing activities in 2022 was US$94,452, primarily representing purchase of plant and equipment.

 

Financing activities

 

Net cash provided by financing activities in 2023 was US$1,881,493, primarily representing amounts from shareholders.

 

Net cash used in financing activities in 2022 was US$1,633,781, primarily representing amounts due from related parties.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

The following table sets forth NewGenIvf’s main contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2023.

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
  US$   US$ 
Lease liabilities – current portion  207,128   184,651 
Lease liabilities – non-current portion   118,979    242,187 
Total  326,107   426,838 

 

Off-Balance Sheet Commitments and Arrangements

 

NewGenIvf has not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties, nor any derivative contracts that are indexed to its shares and classified as shareholder’s equity or that are not reflected in its consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, NewGenIvf does not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. NewGenIvf does not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to it or engages in leasing, hedging or product development services with it.

 

Holding Company Structure

 

NewGenIvf Group Limited is a holding company with no material operations of its own. NewGenIvf Group Limited conducts all of its operations through its subsidiaries. As a result, NewGenIvf Group Limited’s ability to pay dividends depends upon dividends paid by its subsidiaries. If our subsidiaries or any newly formed subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to the Company.

 

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NewGenIvf Group Limited is permitted under BVI law to provide funding to its subsidiaries in Hong Kong, Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan through loans or capital contributions without restrictions on the amount of the funds.

 

In addition, the Company’s subsidiaries are currently permitted to pay dividends to the Company in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Payment of dividends requirements in a company incorporated under the laws of Thailand is governed by the Civil and Commercial Code of Thailand. For example, the company may not declare dividends if the company has incurred losses, the company must appropriate to a reserved fund at each dividend contribution of dividend of at least one-twentieth of the profits until the fund reaches one-tenth of the capital, or the dividends payment must be made to the shareholders within one (1) month from the dividend declaration date. On the capital remittance or payment of dividends to the shareholders from outside of Thailand, it is regulated by the regulations issued by the Bank of Thailand, including the Exchange Control Act B.E. 2485 (1942). The fund remittance from Thailand to a foreign jurisdiction may require an approval from the Bank of Thailand or require notifying the Bank of Thailand for such transfer, depending on the types of the remittance transactions, through the commercial bank in the country. For a company incorporated under the laws of Kyrgyzstan, under Kyrgyz regulations of dividends (net profit), the dividends can be paid once a year depending on the results of the financial year of the company.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

 

Accounts receivable

 

In order to minimize the credit risk, NewGenIvf’s management team monitors and ensures that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. NewGenIvf considers the probability of default upon initial recognition of the asset and whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk on an ongoing basis throughout each reporting period. To assess whether there is a significant increase in credit risk, NewGenIvf compares the risk of a default occurring on the asset as at the reporting date with the risk of default as at the date of initial recognition. It considers available reasonable and supportive forwarding-looking information, such as GDP growth rate and nominal GDP per capita. Based on the impairment assessment performed by NewGenIvf, the directors considered the loss allowance for account receivables as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is $19 and $26, respectively.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

NewGenIvf is exposed to concentration of credit risk on liquid funds which are deposited with several banks with high credit ratings. The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit ratings assigned by international credit-rating agencies.

 

Deposits and other receivables, amount due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I

 

NewGenIvf assessed the impairment for deposits and other receivables, due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I individually based on internal credit rating and ageing of these debtors which, in the opinion of the directors, have no significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. Based on the impairment assessment performed by the Company, the directors consider the loss allowance for deposits and other receivables, due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I as of December 31, 2023 is $14, $17,818 and Nil, respectively. The loss allowance for deposits and other receivables, due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I as of December 31, 2022 is $141, $17,059 and Nil, respectively. The loss allowance for deposits and other receivables and amount due from shareholders as of December 31, 2021 was $115 and $6,312 and Nil, respectively.

 

Cash flow interest rate risk

 

NewGenIvf is exposed to cash flow interest rate risk through the changes in interest rates related mainly to its variable-rates bank balances.

 

NewGenIvf currently does not have any interest rate hedging policy in relation to fair value interest rate risk and cash flow interest rate risk. The directors monitor NewGenIvf’s exposures on an ongoing basis and will consider hedging the interest rate should the need arises.

 

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Sensitivity analysis

 

The sensitivity analysis below has been determined by assuming that a change in interest rates had occurred at the end of the reporting period and had been applied to the exposure to interest rates for financial instruments in existence at that date. 1% increase or decrease is used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in interest rates.

 

If interest rates had been 1% higher or lower and all other variables were held constant, NewGenIvf’s post tax loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 would have increased or decreased by approximately US$122 and US$275, respectively.

 

Foreign currency risk

 

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the holding of foreign currency assets will affect NewGenIvf’s financial position as a result of a change in foreign currency exchange rates.

 

NewGenIvf’s monetary assets and liabilities are mainly denominated in HK$ and THB which are the same as the functional currencies of the relevant group entities. Hence, in the opinion of the directors of NewGenIvf, the currency risk of US$ is considered insignificant. NewGenIvf currently does not have a foreign currency hedging policy to eliminate currency exposures. However, the directors monitor the related foreign currency exposure closely and will consider hedging significant foreign currency exposures should the need arise.

 

Economic and political risks

 

NewGenIvf’s operations are mainly conducted in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan. Accordingly, NewGenIvf’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by changes in the political, economic, and legal environments in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan.

 

NewGenIvf’s operations in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among other things, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. NewGenIvf’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

 

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Travel restriction risk

 

International clients contribute a large portion of NewGenIvf’s revenue. International clients need to travel to Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan for treatment services, where NewGenIvf’s operations are mainly conducted.

 

International traveling to Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan may be affected by a number of factors, including local and global political and economic conditions. Furthermore, an outbreak, or threatened outbreak, of any severe contagious disease may also in turn significantly reduce the demand of traveling or cause extensive travel restrictions. NewGenIvf’s results may be materially and adversely affected if travel restriction was imposed or difficulties in cross-border flow arose.

 

Inflation risk

 

Management of NewGenIvf monitors changes in prices levels. Historically inflation has not materially impacted NewGenIvf’s consolidated financial statements; however, significant increases in the price of labor that cannot be passed to NewGenIvf’s customers could adversely impact its results of operations.

 

Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates

 

NewGenIvf prepares its financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires NewGenIvf to make judgments, estimates and assumptions. NewGenIvf continually evaluates these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, its historical experience and various other assumptions that NewGenIvf’s management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from its expectations as a result of changes in NewGenIvf’s estimates. Some of NewGenIvf’s accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application and require NewGenIvf to make significant accounting estimates.

 

The selection of critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors that should be considered when reviewing NewGenIvf’s financial statements. NewGenIvf’s management believes the following accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of their financial statements.

 

Foreign currency translation

 

NewGenIvf’s consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollar, which is the reporting currency of NewGenIvf. The functional currency of NewGenIvf and its subsidiaries, FFPGS (HK) Limited and Well Image Limited, are HK$. Med Holdings and FFC use THB as their functional currencies. First Fertility Phnom Penh Limited uses KHR as its functional currency and First Fertility Bishkek LLC uses USD as its functional currency.

 

Assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the reporting currency are translated into the reporting currency at the rates of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Translation gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as other comprehensive income or loss.

 

Transactions in currencies other than the reporting currency are measured and recorded in the reporting currency at the exchange rate prevailing on the transaction date. The cumulative gain or loss from foreign currency transactions is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as other income (other expenses).

 

The value of foreign currencies including, the HK$, THB, KHR and RMB, may fluctuate against the United States dollar. Any significant variations of the aforementioned currencies relative to the United States dollar may materially affect NewGenIvf’s financial condition in terms of reporting in USD. See “Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for details.

 

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Revenue recognition

 

NewGenIvf adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all subsequent ASUs that modified ASC 606 on April 1, 2017 using the full retrospective method which requires it to present the financial statements for all periods as if Topic 606 had been applied to all prior periods. NewGenIvf derives revenue principally from provision of IVF treatment and surrogacy and ancillary caring services. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using the following five steps:

 

  (1) identify its contracts with customers;

 

  (2) identify its performance obligations under those contracts;

 

  (3) determine the transaction prices of those contracts;

 

  (4) allocate the transaction prices to its performance obligations in those contracts; and

 

  (5) recognize revenue when each performance obligation under those contracts is satisfied. Revenue is recognized when promised services are transferred to the client in an amount that reflects the consideration expected in exchange for those services.

 

NewGenIvf enters into service agreements with its customers that outline the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of each party. The agreements also identify the scope of services, service fees and payment terms. Agreements are acknowledged and signed by both parties. All the contracts have commercial substance, and it is probable that NewGenIvf will collect considerations from its customers for service component.

 

NewGenIvf derives its revenues from two types of services: (1) IVF treatment services, and (2) surrogacy and ancillary caring services.

 

Revenue from IVF treatment services

 

IVF treatment is an assisted reproductive technique where eggs and sperm are collected and fertilized in laboratory to become embryo. Fertilized embryo is then implanted in the customer or a surrogate mother. IVF treatment involves the performance of a series of medical treatment and procedures that are not separately distinct and only brings benefits to customer when embryo is successfully implanted, therefore revenue from IVF treatment is recognized at a point in time when it is completed in clinic. The completion of this treatment is evidenced by a written IVF report indicating successful embryo implantation. NewGenIvf collects payment from customer in advance for IVF treatment.

 

Revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services

 

NewGenIvf provides surrogacy and ancillary caring services solely in Kyrgyzstan. Embryo from blood parents is implanted to surrogate mother contracted by NewGenIvf. During pregnancy period, NewGenIvf provides ancillary caring services including regular body check and provision of vitamins, supplements and medicines to surrogate mothers. The key performance obligation is identified as a single performance obligation where a baby is born, therefore revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services is recognized at a point in time when surrogate mother gives birth. NewGenIvf collects approximately 40% of contract sum upfront, and remaining contract sum is collected in installments across pregnancy period of surrogate mother.

 

Lease

 

NewGenIvf adopted ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). Lease terms used to calculate the present value of lease payments generally do not include any options to extend, renew, or terminate the lease, as NewGenIvf does not have reasonable certainty at lease inception that these options will be exercised. NewGenIvf generally considers the economic life of its operating lease ROU assets to be comparable to the useful life of similar owned assets. NewGenIvf has elected the short-term lease exception, therefore operating lease ROU assets and liabilities do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Its leases generally do not provide a residual guarantee. The operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

As of December 31, 2022, there   were approximately $0.38 million ROU assets and approximately $0.43 million in lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum rental payments of leases, respectively. NewGenIvf’s management believes that using an incremental borrowing rate of the Hong Kong Dollar Best Lending Rate (“BLR”) minus 0.125% was the most indicative rate of NewGenIvf’s borrowing cost for the calculation of the present value of the lease payments; the rate used by NewGenIvf was 5.0%.

 

As of December 31, 2023, there were approximately $0.28    million ROU assets and approximately $0.33 million in lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum rental payments of leases, respectively. NewGenIvf’s management believes that using an incremental borrowing rate of the Hong Kong Dollar Best Lending Rate (“BLR”) minus 0.125%   was the most indicative rate of NewGenIvf’s borrowing cost for the calculation of the present value of the lease payments; the rate used by NewGenIvf was 5.0%.

 

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Financial instruments  

 

NewGenIvf’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts and other payables, accrued liabilities and amounts due from (to) shareholders, have carrying amounts that approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” requires disclosing the fair value of financial instruments held by NewGenIvf. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts and other payables, accrued liabilities and amounts due from (to) shareholders each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. NewGenIvf analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” and ASC 815. See “Note 2 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for details.

 

Recent accounting pronouncements

 

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, which amends and clarifies several provisions of Topic 326. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) Targeted Transition Relief, which amends Topic 326 to allow the fair value option to be elected for certain financial instruments upon adoption. ASU 2019-10 extended the effective date of ASU 2016-13 until December 15, 2022. This standard replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. CECL requires an estimate of credit losses for the remaining estimated life of the financial asset using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and generally applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, and some off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. Financial assets measured at amortized cost will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by using an allowance for expected credit losses. The Company already adopted the new standard and the Company recognizes the full impact of the new standard in these consolidated balance sheets and makes related disclosures.    

 

SELLING SHAREHOLDERS

 

The 5,912,281 Ordinary Shares being offered by the Selling Shareholders are the aggregate of Ordinary Shares previously issued to the Selling Shareholders as a result of various transactions that have occurred, which details are set forth below. We are registering the Ordinary Shares in order to permit the Selling Shareholders to offer the Ordinary Shares for resale from time to time.

 

Other than the relationships described herein, to our knowledge, the Selling Shareholders have not had any material relationship with us within the past three years.

 

Any Selling Shareholders that are affiliates of broker-dealers and any participating broker-dealers would be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any commissions or discounts given to any such Selling Shareholders or broker-dealer may be regarded as underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. To our knowledge, none of the Selling Shareholders listed below are broker-dealers or affiliates of broker-dealers.

 

The table below lists the Selling Shareholders and other information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Ordinary Shares by each of the Selling Shareholders. The second column lists the number of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by each Selling Shareholder, based on its ownership of the Ordinary Shares, as of August 27, 2024.

 

The fourth column lists the Ordinary Shares being offered by this prospectus by the Selling Shareholders.

 

Because the number of Ordinary Shares may be adjusted for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions, the number of Ordinary Shares that will actually be sold may be more or less than the number of Ordinary Shares being offered by this prospectus. The fifth and sixth columns assumes the sale of all of the Ordinary Shares offered by the Selling Shareholders pursuant to this prospectus.

 

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As explained below under “Plan of Distribution,” we have agreed with the Selling Shareholders to bear certain expenses (other than broker discounts and commissions, if any) in connection with the registration statement, which includes this prospectus. 

 

The following table sets forth details regarding the offering of certain Selling Shareholders’ Ordinary Shares pursuant to this registration statement.

 

Name of Selling Shareholders  Ordinary
Shares
Beneficially
Owned
Prior to
Offering(1)		   Percentage of
Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to Offering(1)		   Maximum
Number of
Ordinary
Shares
to be Sold
Pursuant to this
Prospectus		   Ordinary
Shares Beneficially Owned
Immediately
After Sale of
Maximum
Number
of Shares
in this
Offering(1)		   Percentage of
Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned Immediately
After Sale of
Maximum
Number
of Shares
in this
Offering(1)		 
JAK Opportunities VI LLC(3)   3,618,791    35.66%   5,912,281         -        - 

  

(1)Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with SEC rules and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Ordinary Shares subject to options or warrants currently exercisable, or exercisable within 60 days of September 4, 2024, are counted as outstanding for computing the percentage of the Selling Shareholder holding such options or warrants but are not counted as outstanding for computing the percentage of any other Selling Shareholder.

 

(2)The applicable percentage of beneficial ownership is calculated based on the total number of Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, being 10,149,386 shares, as of September 4, 2024, together with the additional Ordinary Shares to be issued to the relevant Selling Shareholder upon exercise of warrants respectively held.

 

(3)The number of Ordinary Shares being registered for JAK Opportunities VI LLC represents the aggregate of (i) the following underlying securities in connection with the initial closing on August 12, 2024 of the Company’s debt financing (“2024 Debt Financing”): (A) 1,325,301 Ordinary Shares underlying the Series A Warrants and (B) twice the number of the 1,417,832 Ordinary Shares underlying the senior convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $1,100,000 issued to JAK Opportunities VI LLC, pursuant to the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement between JAK Opportunities VI LLC and the Company (the “Registration Rights Agreement”); and (ii) twice the number of the 875,658 Ordinary Shares underlying the senior convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $500,000 issued to JAK Opportunities VI LLC on August 28, 2024 pursuant to the closing of the second tranche of the 2024 Debt Financing and the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement. The percentage of beneficial ownership is calculated based on a denominator of 10,149,386 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of August 27, 2024. The mailing address of JAK Opportunities VI LLC is c/o ATW Partners Opportunities Management, LLC, 1 Pennsylvania Plaza, Suite 4810, New York, NY 10119.

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

We are registering the Ordinary Shares previously issued, to permit the resale of these Ordinary Shares by the holders of these securities from time to time after the date of this prospectus. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale by the Selling Shareholders of the Ordinary Shares. Unlike an initial public offering, any resale by the Selling Shareholders of the Ordinary Shares is not being underwritten by any investment bank. We will bear all fees and expenses incident to our obligation to register the Selling Shareholders’ Ordinary Shares.

 

The Selling Shareholders may sell all or a portion of the Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by them and offered hereby from time to time directly or through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents. If the Ordinary Shares are sold through underwriters or broker-dealers, the Selling Shareholders will be responsible for underwriting discounts or commissions or agent’s commissions. The Ordinary Shares may be sold in one or more transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale or at negotiated prices. These sales may be effected in transactions, which may involve crosses or block transactions,

 

●on any national securities exchange or quotation service on which the securities may be listed or quoted at the time of sale;

 

  ● in the over-the-counter market;

 

  ● in transactions other than on these exchanges or systems or the over-the-counter market;

 

  ● ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;

 

  ● block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

 

  ● purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;

 

  ● an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;

 

  ● privately negotiated transactions;

 

  ● sales pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act;

 

  ● broker-dealers may agree with the selling securityholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;

 

  ● a combination of any such methods of sale; and

 

  ● any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.

 

If the Selling Shareholders affect such transactions by selling Ordinary Shares to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, such underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the Selling Shareholders or commissions from purchasers of the Ordinary Shares for whom they may act as an agent or to whom they may sell as principal (which discounts, concessions or commissions as to particular underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may be in excess of those customary in the types of transactions involved).

 

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The Selling Shareholders may pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the Ordinary Shares owned by them and, if they default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the Ordinary Shares from time to time pursuant to this prospectus or any amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act, amending, if necessary, the list of Selling Shareholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling stockholders under this prospectus. The Selling Shareholders also may transfer and donate the Ordinary Shares in other circumstances in which case the transferees, donees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus. The Selling Shareholders and any broker-dealer participating in the distribution of the shares may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any commission paid, or any discounts or concessions allowed to, any such broker-dealer may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. At the time a particular offering of the shares is made, a prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed which will set forth the aggregate amount of Ordinary Shares being offered and the terms of the offering, including the name or names of any broker-dealers or agents, any discounts, commissions and other terms constituting compensation from the Selling Shareholders and any discounts, commissions or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to broker-dealers.

 

Under the securities laws of some states, the Ordinary Shares may be sold in such states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states, the Ordinary Shares may not be sold unless such shares have been registered or qualified for sale in such state or an exemption from registration or qualification is available and is complied with.

 

There can be no assurance that any Selling Shareholder will sell any or all of the Ordinary Shares registered pursuant to the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

The Selling Shareholders and any other person participating in such distribution will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, including, without limitation, Regulation M of the Exchange Act, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the shares by the Selling Shareholders and any other participating person. Regulation M may also restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of the Ordinary Shares to engage in market-making activities with respect to the shares. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the Ordinary Shares and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the Ordinary Shares.

 

We will pay all expenses of the registration of the Ordinary Shares, estimated to be $46,741 in total, including, without limitation, SEC filing fees and expenses of compliance with state securities or “blue sky” laws; provided, however, that a Selling Shareholder will pay all underwriting discounts and selling commissions if any. We will indemnify the Selling Shareholders against liabilities, including some liabilities under the Securities Act, or the Selling Shareholders will be entitled to contribution. We may be indemnified by the Selling Shareholders against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, that may arise from any written information furnished to us by the Selling Shareholders specifically for use in this prospectus, or we may be entitled to contribution.

 

Once sold under the registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part, the Ordinary Shares will be freely tradable in the hands of persons other than our affiliates.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL

 

Class A and Class B Ordinary Shares

 

General

 

The Memorandum and Articles of Association authorize the issuance of a maximum of 100,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares, 100 Class B Ordinary Shares and 1,000,000 preferred shares with no par value (“Preferred Shares”). As of September 4, 2024, we have 10,149,386 shares of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding, no Class B Ordinary Shares outstanding, and no Preferred Shares outstanding. All of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares at the time of the closing of this offering, will be, validly issued, and fully paid. Our Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares are not redeemable and are not subject to any preemptive right.

 

Dividends.

 

The holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares are entitled to an equal share, for each share held, in any dividend paid by the Company.

 

Voting Rights.

 

Subject to the rights of the Preferred Shares’ holders, in respect of all matters subject to a member’s vote, each Class A Ordinary Share and Class B Ordinary Share is entitled to one vote at a meeting of the members or on any resolution of members.

 

Distributions.

 

The holders of the Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares each have a right to an equal share with each other in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company on the Company’s liquidation.

 

Preferred Shares

 

Subject to applicable law and the Memorandum and Articles of Association, the Board of Directors may issue Preferred Shares with such preferred rights as they shall determine. The rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to the Preferred Shares shall be stated in the Memorandum and Articles of Association, which shall be amended accordingly prior to the issue of such Preferred Shares.

 

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TAXATION

 

The following is a general summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences relevant to an investment in our Ordinary Shares. The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular prospective purchaser. The discussion is based on laws and relevant interpretations thereof as of the date of this annual report, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. The discussion does not address U.S. state or local tax laws. You should consult your own tax advisors with respect to the consequences of acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Ordinary Shares.

 

This discussion is based on provisions of the Code, the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder (whether final, temporary, or proposed), administrative rulings of the IRS, and judicial decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations that may apply to a securityholder of the Company as a result of the ownership and disposition of the Company Securities. In addition, this discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to particular holders nor does it take into account the individual facts and circumstances of any particular holder that may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such holder, and accordingly, is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, tax advice. This discussion does not address the U.S. federal 3.8% Medicare tax imposed on certain net investment income or any aspects of U.S. federal taxation other than those pertaining to the income tax, nor does it address any tax consequences arising under any U.S. state and local, or non-U.S. tax laws, or, except as discussed here, any tax reporting obligations of a holder of the Company Securities. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding such tax consequences in light of their particular circumstances.

 

No ruling has been requested or will be obtained from the IRS regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed below; thus, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the U.S. federal income tax treatment described below or that, if challenged, such treatment will be sustained by a court.

 

This summary is limited to considerations relevant to U.S. Holders that hold the Company Securities as “capital assets” within the meaning of section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to holders in light of their individual circumstances, including holders subject to special treatment under the U.S. tax laws, such as, for example:

 

  ● banks or other financial institutions, underwriters, or insurance companies;

 

  ● traders in securities who elect to apply a mark-to-market method of accounting;

 

  ● real estate investment trusts and regulated investment companies;

 

  ● tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, or other tax- deferred accounts;

 

  ● expatriates or former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;

 

  ● subchapter S corporations, partnerships or other pass-through entities or investors in such entities;

 

  ● any holder that is not a U.S. Holder;

 

  ● dealers or traders in securities, commodities or currencies;

 

  ● grantor trusts;

 

  ● persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;

 

  ● U.S. persons whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar;

 

  ● persons who receive stock of the Company through the issuance of restricted share under an incentive plan or through a tax-qualified retirement plan or otherwise as compensation;

 

  ● U.S. shareholders of controlled foreign corporations, as those terms are defined in Sections 951(b) and 957(a), respectively;

 

  ● persons who own (directly or through attribution) 5% or more (by vote or value) of the outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares);

 

  ● holders holding ASCA securities, or, after the Business Combination, the Company Securities, as a position in a “straddle,” as part of a “synthetic security” or “hedge,” as part of a “conversion transaction,” or other integrated investment or risk reduction transaction.

 

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As used in this prospectus, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of the Company Securities, that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

  ● an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

  ● a corporation (or other entity that is classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any State thereof or the District of Columbia;

 

  ● an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or

 

  ● a trust (i) if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) that has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

If a partnership, including for this purpose any entity or arrangement that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds the Company Securities, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in such partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder that is a partnership and the partners in such partnership should consult their own tax advisors with regard to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of ownership and disposition of the Company Securities.

 

THIS SUMMARY DOES NOT PURPORT TO BE A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OR DESCRIPTION OF ALL POTENTIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF THE COMPANY SECURITIES. IN ADDITION, THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX TREATMENT OF THE BENEFICIAL OWNERS OF THE COMPANY SECURITIES MAY BE AFFECTED BY MATTERS NOT DISCUSSED HEREIN AND DEPENDS IN SOME INSTANCES ON DETERMINATIONS OF FACT AND INTERPRETATIONS OF COMPLEX PROVISIONS OF U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW FOR WHICH NO CLEAR PRECEDENT OR AUTHORITY MAY BE AVAILABLE. HOLDERS OF THE COMPANY SECURITIES SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF THE COMPANY SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECTS OF U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, AND OTHER TAX LAWS.

 

Distribution on the Class A Ordinary Shares

 

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Status,” the gross amount of any distribution on the Class A Ordinary Shares that is made out of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) will generally be taxable to a U.S. Holder as ordinary dividend income on the date such distribution is actually or constructively received by such U.S. Holder. Any such dividends paid to corporate U.S. Holders generally will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction that may otherwise be allowed under the Code.

 

Dividends received by non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals, from a “qualified foreign corporation” may be eligible for reduced rates of taxation, provided that certain holding period requirements and other conditions are satisfied. For these purposes, a non-U.S. corporation will be treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to dividends paid by that corporation on shares that are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. U.S. Treasury Department guidance indicates that shares listed on Nasdaq will be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Even if the Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq, there can be no assurance that the Class A Ordinary Shares will be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in future years. Non-corporate U.S. Holders that do not meet a minimum holding period requirement or that elect to treat the dividend income as “investment income” pursuant to Section 163(d)(4) of the Code (dealing with the deduction for investment interest expense) will not be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation regardless of the Company’s status as a qualified foreign corporation. In addition, the rate reduction will not apply to dividends if the recipient of a dividend is obligated to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. This disallowance applies even if the minimum holding period has been met. Finally, the Company will not constitute a qualified foreign corporation for purposes of these rules if it is a PFIC for the taxable year in which it pays a dividend or for the preceding taxable year. See the discussion below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Status.

 

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The amount of any dividend paid in foreign currency will be the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency distributed by the Company, calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the dividend is includible in the U.S. Holder’s income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt. Generally, a U.S. Holder should not recognize any foreign currency gain or loss if the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars on the date the payment is received. However, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the U.S. Holder includes the dividend payment in income to the date such U.S. Holder actually converts the payment into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss. That currency exchange income or loss (if any) generally will be income or loss from U.S. sources for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.

 

To the extent that the amount of any distribution made by the Company on the Class A Ordinary Shares exceeds the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits for a taxable year (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), the distribution will first be treated as a tax-free return of capital, causing a reduction in the adjusted basis of the U.S. Holder’s the Class A Ordinary Shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds the U.S. Holder’s tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain recognized on a sale or exchange as described below under “— Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of the Company Securities.”

 

Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of the Company Securities

 

Subject to the discussion below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Status,” a U.S. Holder will generally recognize gain or loss on any sale, exchange, redemption, or other taxable disposition of the Class A Ordinary Shares and the Warrants in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the disposition and such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such the Class A Ordinary Shares or Warrants. Any gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on a taxable disposition of the Class A Ordinary Shares or Warrants will generally be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the holder’s holding period in the Class A Ordinary Shares or Warrants exceeds one year at the time of the disposition. Preferential tax rates may apply to long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. Holders (including individuals). The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or exchange of the Class A Ordinary Shares or the Warrants will generally be treated as U.S. source gain or loss.

 

Exercise or Lapse of a Warrant

 

Except as discussed below with respect to the cashless exercise of a Warrant, a U.S. Holder generally will not recognize gain or loss upon the acquisition of an ordinary share of the Company on the exercise of a Warrant for cash. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in an ordinary share received upon exercise of the Warrant generally will be an amount equal to the sum of the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Warrant exchanged therefor and the exercise price. The U.S. Holder’s holding period for an ordinary share received upon exercise of the Warrant will begin on the date following the date of exercise (or possibly the date of exercise) of the Warrants and will not include the period during which the U.S. Holder held the Warrants. If a Warrant is allowed to lapse unexercised, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize a capital loss equal to such holder’s tax basis in the Warrant.

 

The tax consequences of a cashless exercise of a warrant are not clear under current tax law. A cashless exercise may be tax-free, either because the exercise is not a gain realization event or because the exercise is treated as a recapitalization for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In either tax-free situation, a U.S. Holder’s basis in the Class A Ordinary Shares received would equal the holder’s basis in the Warrant. If the cashless exercise were treated as not being a gain recognition event, a U.S. Holder’s holding period in the Class A Ordinary Shares would be treated as commencing on the date following the date of exercise (or possibly the date of exercise) of the Warrant. If the cashless exercise were treated as a recapitalization, the holding period of the Class A Ordinary Share would include the holding period of the Warrant.

 

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It is also possible that a cashless exercise could be treated in part as a taxable exchange in which gain or loss would be recognized. In such event, a U.S. Holder would recognize gain or loss with respect to the portion of the exercised Warrants treated as surrendered to pay the exercise price of the Warrants (the “surrendered warrants”). The U.S. Holder would recognize capital gain or loss with respect to the surrendered warrants in an amount generally equal to the difference between (i) the fair market value of the Class A Ordinary Shares that would have been received with respect to the surrendered warrants in a regular exercise of the Warrants and (ii) the sum of the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the surrendered warrants and the aggregate cash exercise price of such warrants (if they had been exercised in a regular exercise). In this case, a U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Class A Ordinary Shares received would equal the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Warrants exercised plus (or minus) the gain (or loss) recognized with respect to the surrendered warrants. A U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A Ordinary Shares would commence on the date following the date of exercise (or possibly the date of exercise) of the Warrant.

 

Due to the absence of authority on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a cashless exercise, there can be no assurance which, if any, of the alternative tax consequences and holding periods described above would be adopted by the IRS or a court of law. Accordingly, U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of a cashless exercise.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Company Status

 

Certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to a U.S. Holder if the Company or any of its subsidiaries is treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which the U.S. Holder holds the Company Securities. A non-U.S. corporation will be classified as a PFIC for any taxable year (a) if at least 75% of its gross income in a taxable year, including its pro rata share of the gross income of any entity in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the interest by value, is passive income, or (b) if at least 50% of its assets in a taxable year of the foreign corporation, ordinarily determined based on fair market value and averaged quarterly over the year, including its pro rata share of the assets of any entity in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the interest by value, are held for the production of, or produce, passive income. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets.

 

If the Company is not a PFIC in the 2024 taxable year, such U.S. Holder would likely recognize gain (but not loss if the Reincorporation Merger qualifies as a “reorganization”) upon the exchange of ASCA securities for The Company securities pursuant to the Reincorporation Merger. The gain (or loss) would be computed as described above under “— If the Reincorporation Merger Does Not Qualify as a Reorganization.” Any such gain recognized by such U.S. Holder on the exchange of ASCA securities for The Company securities would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ASCA securities. Such amounts allocated for the current taxable year and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which ASCA was a PFIC would be treated as ordinary income, and not as capital gain, in the U.S. Holder’s taxable year, and such amounts allocated to each other taxable year beginning with the year that ASCA became a PFIC would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for each year to which the gain was allocated, together with a special interest charge on the tax attributable to each such year.

 

Whether the Company is a PFIC for any taxable year is a factual determination that depends on, among other things, the composition of the Company’s income and assets, the market value of its assets, and potentially the composition of the income and assets of one or more of the Company’s subsidiaries and the market value of their assets in that year. Whether a Company subsidiary is a PFIC for any taxable year is likewise a factual determination that depends on, among other things, the composition of the subsidiary’s income and assets and the market value of such assets in that year. One or more changes in these factors may cause the Company and/or one or more of its subsidiaries to become a PFIC for a taxable year even though it has not been a PFIC for one or more prior taxable years. Whether the Company or a subsidiary is treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes is a factual determination that must be made annually at the close of each taxable year and, thus, is subject to significant uncertainty. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the Company will timely provide a PFIC annual information statement for 2024 or going forward. The failure to provide such information on an annual basis could preclude U.S. Holders from making or maintaining a “qualified electing fund” election under Section 1295 of the Code.

 

If the Company were determined to be a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. Holder of Class A Ordinary Shares, the U.S. Holder did not make a valid “mark-to-market” election, such U.S. Holder generally will be subject to special rules with respect to:

 

  ● any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of the Company Securities (including a redemption treated as a sale or exchange); and

 

  ● any “excess distribution” made to the U.S. Holder (generally, any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a taxable year of the U.S. Holder that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the Class A Ordinary Shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter, such U.S. Holder’s holding period for such ordinary shares).

 

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Under these rules:

 

  ● the U.S. Holder’s gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s Company Securities;

 

  ● the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which the U.S. holder recognized gain or received the excess distribution, or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holding period before the first day of the Company’s first taxable year in the Company is a PFIC, will be taxed as ordinary income;

 

  ● the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and applicable to the U.S. Holder; and

 

  ● the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of the U.S. Holder.

 

Although a determination as to the Company’s PFIC status will be made annually, an initial determination that the Company is a PFIC will generally apply for subsequent years to a U.S. Holder who held Company Securities while the Company was a PFIC, whether or not the Company meets the test for PFIC status in those subsequent years.

 

If a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may make a mark-to-market election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. If the U.S. Holder makes a valid mark-to-market election for the first taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) the Class A Ordinary Shares and for which the Company is determined to be a PFIC, such holder generally will not be subject to the PFIC rules described above in respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares as long as such shares continue to be treated as marketable stock. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income each year that the Company is treated as a PFIC the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its Class A Ordinary Shares at the end of its taxable year over the adjusted basis in its Class A Ordinary Shares. The U.S. Holder also will be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of its Class A Ordinary Shares over the fair market value of its Class A Ordinary Shares at the end of its taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously recognized income as a result of the mark-to-market election). The U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Class A Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts, and any further gain recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition of the Class A Ordinary Shares in a taxable year in which the Company is treated as a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income. Special tax rules may also apply if a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election for a taxable year after the first taxable year in which the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) its Class A Ordinary Shares and for which the Company is treated as a PFIC. Currently, a mark-to-market election may not be made with respect to the Warrants.

 

The mark-to-market election is available only for stock that is regularly traded on a national securities exchange that is registered with the SEC, including Nasdaq (on which the Company Securities are traded), or on a foreign exchange or market that the IRS determines has rules sufficient to ensure that the market price represents a legitimate and sound fair market value. Such stock generally will be “regularly traded” for any calendar year during which such stock is traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter, but no assurances can be given in this regard with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability and tax consequences of a mark-to-market election in respect of the Class A Ordinary Shares under their particular circumstances.

 

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If the Company is a PFIC and, at any time, has a foreign subsidiary that is classified as a PFIC, U.S. Holders generally would be deemed to own a portion of the shares of such lower-tier PFIC, and generally could incur liability for the deferred tax and interest charge described above if the Company were to receive a distribution from, or dispose of all or part of the Company’s interest in, the lower-tier PFIC (even though such U.S. Holder would not receive the proceeds of those distributions or dispositions) or the U.S. Holders otherwise were deemed to have disposed of an interest in the lower-tier PFIC. A mark-to-market election generally would not be available with respect to such lower-tier PFIC. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax issues raised by lower-tier PFICs.

 

A U.S. Holder that owns (or is deemed to own) shares in a PFIC during any taxable year of the U.S. Holder, may have to file an IRS Form 8621 (whether or not a mark-to-market election is or has been made) with such U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax return and provide any such other information as may be required by the U.S. Treasury Department. Failure to do so, if required, will extend the statute of limitations until such required information is furnished to the IRS.

 

The rules dealing with PFICs and mark-to-market elections are very complex and are affected by various factors in addition to those described above. Accordingly, U.S. Holders of Company Securities should consult their own tax advisors concerning the application of the PFIC rules to the Company Securities under the U.S. Holders’ particular circumstances.

 

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

 

In general, information reporting requirements may apply to dividends received by U.S. Holders of the Class A Ordinary Shares (including constructive dividends), and the proceeds received on sale or other taxable disposition of the Class A Ordinary Shares or Warrants effected within the United States (and, in certain cases, outside the United States), in each case, other than U.S. Holders that are exempt recipients (such as corporations). Backup withholding (currently at a rate of 24%) may apply to such amounts if the U.S. Holder fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number (generally on an IRS Form W-9 provided to the paying agent or the U.S. Holder’s broker) or is otherwise subject to backup withholding.

 

Certain U.S. Holders holding specified foreign financial assets with an aggregate value in excess of the applicable dollar threshold are required to report information to the IRS relating to the Company Securities, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for the Company Securities held in accounts maintained by U.S. financial institutions), by attaching a complete IRS Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets, with their tax return, for each year in which they hold the Company Securities. In addition to these requirements, U.S. Holders may be required to annually file FinCEN Report 114 (Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts) with the U.S. Department of Treasury. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding information reporting requirements relating to their ownership of the Company Securities.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or credit against a holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

 

This summary does not contain a detailed description of all the United States federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to you in light of your particular circumstances and, except as set forth below with respect to PRC tax considerations, does not address the effects of any state, local or non-United States tax laws. If you are considering the purchase, ownership or disposition of our Ordinary Shares, you should consult your own tax advisors concerning the United States federal income tax consequences to you in light of your particular situation as well as any consequences arising under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction.

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

 

Certain legal matters as to U.S. federal securities law concerning this offering will be passed upon for us by Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP, New York, New York. Certain legal matters as to BVI law will be passed upon for us by Ogier. Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP may rely upon Ogier with respect to matters governed by BVI law.

 

EXPERTS

 

The financial statements of NewGenIvf Limited as of December 31, 2023 and for the year then ended included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of Onestop Assurance PAC, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as an expert in auditing and accounting. The financial statements of NewGenIvf Limited as of December 31, 2022 and 2021and for the years then ended included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of WWC, P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as an expert in auditing and accounting.

 

EXPENSES

 

The following are the estimated expenses of the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered under the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, all of which will be paid by us. With the exception of the SEC registration fee, all amounts are estimates and may change:

 

SEC registration fee  $740.54 
Printer fees and expenses  $1,000*
Legal fees and expenses  $40,000 
Miscellaneous  $5,000*
Total  $46,741 

 

*This is an estimate.

 

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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

 

We are incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands with limited liability. We are incorporated in the British Virgin Islands because of certain benefits associated with being a British Virgin Islands company, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system, a favorable tax system, the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions and the availability of professional and support services. However, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and provides protections for investors to a lesser extent. In addition, British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States.

 

Substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, a majority of our directors and officers are nationals and/or residents of countries other than the United States, and all or a substantial portion of such persons’ assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or such persons or to enforce against them or against us, judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.

 

We have appointed Cogency Global Inc., as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us in the United States District Court for districts in the State of New York under the federal securities laws of the United States or of any State of the United States or any action brought against us in the Supreme Court of the State of New York under the securities laws of the State of New York.

 

There is no statutory enforcement in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the U.S., however, the courts of the British Virgin Islands will in certain circumstances recognize such a foreign judgment and treat it as a cause of action in itself which may be sued upon as a debt at common law so that no retrial of the issues would be necessary, provided that:

 

  ● the U.S. court issuing the judgment had jurisdiction in the matter and the company either submitted to such jurisdiction or was resident or carrying on business within such jurisdiction and was duly served with process;
     
  ● the judgment is final and for a liquidated sum;
     
  ● the judgment given by the U.S. court was not in respect of penalties, taxes, fines or similar fiscal or revenue obligations of the company;

 

  ● in obtaining judgment there was no fraud on the part of the person in whose favor judgment was given or on the part of the court;

 

  ● recognition or enforcement of the judgment in the British Virgin Islands would not be contrary to public policy; and
     
  ● the proceedings pursuant to which judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice.

 

The British Virgin Islands courts are unlikely:

 

  ● to recognize or enforce against the Company, judgments of courts of the U.S. based on certain civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws where that liability is in respect of penalties, taxes, fines or similar fiscal or revenue obligations of the company; and
     
  ● to impose liabilities against the Company, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-1 under the Securities Act relating to this registration of the Ordinary Shares to be sold by the Selling Shareholders, or the Registration Statement. This prospectus, which is part of the Registration Statement, does not contain all of the information contained in the Registration Statement. The rules and regulations of the SEC allow us to omit certain information from this prospectus that is included in the Registration Statement. Statements made in this prospectus concerning the contents of any contract, agreement or other document are summaries of all material information about the documents summarized, but are not complete descriptions of all terms of these documents. If we filed any of these documents as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, you may read the document itself for a complete description of its terms.

 

The SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are also available to the public through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

We are not currently subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. In connection with when the Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC, we will become subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we will be required to file or furnish reports and other information with the SEC. Those other reports or other information may be inspected without charge at the locations described above. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file annual, quarterly, and current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as United States companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we will file with the SEC, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, or such applicable time as required by the SEC, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, and intend to submit to the SEC, on Form 6-K, unaudited interim financial information.

 

We maintain a corporate website at www.newgenivf.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference. We will post on our website any materials required to be so posted on such website under applicable corporate or securities laws and regulations, including, posting any XBRL interactive financial data required to be filed with the SEC and any notices of general meetings of our shareholders.

 

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MATERIAL CHANGES

 

Except as otherwise described in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, and our current reports on Form 6-K filed or submitted under the Exchange Act and incorporated by reference herein and as disclosed in this prospectus, no reportable material changes have occurred since December 31, 2023.

 

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

 

The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference much of the information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those publicly available documents. The information that we incorporate by reference in this prospectus is considered to be part of this prospectus. This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents listed below (other than any portions of such documents that are not deemed “filed” under the Exchange Act in accordance with the Exchange Act and applicable SEC rules):

 

  ● our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on August 20, 2024, including any subsequent amendments.
     
  ● our Current Reports on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2024, August 16, 2024, and August 30, 2024.

 

Any information contained in this prospectus or in any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent that a statement contained in any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus provided to you by us modifies or supersedes the original statement.

 

The reports and documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus are available to the public free of charge on the investor relations portion of our website located at www.newgenivf.com. You may also request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing to us at the following addresses:

 

NewGenIvf Group Limited

1/F, Pier 2, Central

Hong Kong, 999077

Tel: +1 (212) 537-4406

Email: alfred.siu@newgenivf.com 

 

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5,912,281 Ordinary Shares

 

 

NewGenIvf Group Limited

 

PROSPECTUS

 

                                  , 2024

 

 

 

PART II

 

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

Item 6. Indemnification of Directors, Officers and Employees

 

British Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against willful default, civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Under our Memorandum and Articles of Association, we may indemnify its directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigative proceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled to indemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the registrant and, in the case of criminal proceedings, they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 

Item 7. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities 

 

Set forth below are the sales of all securities by the Company since the closing of the Business Combination which were not registered under the Securities Act. The Company believes that each of such issuances was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

 

On April 3, 2024, the date of Closing, the Company issued to JAK Opportunities VI LLC 295,000 Ordinary Shares which were converted from the ordinary shares of Legacy NewGenIvf pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement by and between A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp. and JAK Opportunities VI LLC on February 29, 2024. Pursuant to this Securities Purchase Agreement, A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp agreed to issue and sell to JAK Opportunities VI LLC, in a private placement, an aggregate of up to $3,500,000 principal amount of convertible notes, consisting of one or more tranches: (i) an initial tranche of an aggregate principal amount of promissory notes of up to $1,750,000 and including an original issue discount of up to aggregate $122,500, and (ii) subsequent tranches of an aggregate principal amount of promissory notes of up to $1,750,000 and including an original issue discount of up to aggregate $122,500. The closing of the Initial Tranche took place on April 3, 2024. The Company also closed on a subsequent tranche of the aforementioned promissory notes in the principal amount of $250,000 by issuing and selling to JAK Opportunities VI LLC shortly after the closing of the Business Combination, resulting in an aggregate principal amount of notes of $2,000,000 sold to JAK Opportunities VI LLC. The form of these promissory notes is included as Exhibit 4.2 of the Form 6-K filed on April 4, 2024. The aforementioned Securities Purchase Agreement is included as Exhibit 4.1 of the Form 6-K filed on April 4, 2024.

 

2024 Debt Financing

 

On August 7, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (“Securities Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors named therein (collectively, the “Buyers”), pursuant to which, amongst other things: (i) the Company agreed to sell, at an initial closing with JAK Opportunities VI LLC (and such initial closing, the “Initial Closing”), (a) a senior convertible note (the “Initial Note”) in the aggregate original principal amount not exceeding $1,100,000 and convertible into a maximum of 1,417,832 Ordinary Shares pursuant to its terms), (b) a warrant to purchase 1,325,301 Ordinary Shares (such warrant, the “Series A Warrant:), and (c) a warrant to purchase 180,722 Class B Ordinary Shares, no par value (the “Series B Warrant,” and the Series B Warrants, together with the Series A Warrants, the “Warrants”); and (ii) the Company may require each Buyer (or each Buyer may require the Company, as applicable) to participate in the sale of (a) one or more additional convertible notes (which aggregate original principal amount for all additional convertible notes shall not exceed $9,500,000) (the “Additional Notes,” and, together with the Initial Note, the “Notes”). The Securities Purchase Agreement is filed as Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 6-K dated August 16, 2024 and is incorporated by reference herein. The Initial Note is filed as Exhibit 10.25 of this registration statement.

 

Additionally, in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company entered into amendment and exchange agreements with certain holders of its convertible promissory notes (the “Existing Notes” and each of such amendment and exchange agreements, “Amendment and Exchange Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company exchanged the Existing Notes by issuing, among other things, (i) senior convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $2,700,000 (the “Exchange Notes”) and (b) a series of warrants to initially acquire up to a certain number of ordinary shares to the holders of the Existing Notes set forth therein or in the Amendment and Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Warrants”). The form of the Amendment and Exchange Agreement, the form of Exchange Notes, and the form of Exchange Warrants are filed as Exhibits 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 to the Form 6-K dated August 16, 2024, and are incorporated herein by reference.

 

II-1

 

Initial Closing

 

On August 12, 2024, the Company and JAK Opportunities VI LLC consummated the Initial Closing. The Initial Note sold to JAK in connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement bears an interest rate of 14.75% per annum and is convertible into the Company’s Ordinary Shares as follows: the Conversion Amount (as defined below) into validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable Class A at the Conversion Rate (as defined below). No fractional Class A Shares are issuable upon any such conversion. The form of the Initial Note is included as Exhibit A of the Securities Purchase Agreement filed as Exhibit 4.1 in the Form 6-K dated August 15, 2024.

 

“Conversion Amount” means 110% of the sum of (A) the portion of the principal of the Initial Note, (B) accrued and unpaid interest with respect to such principal owed on the Initial Note (and as reduced pursuant to the of the Initial Note pursuant to redemption, conversion or otherwise, the “Principal”) (C) the Make-Whole Amount, if any, (D) accrued and unpaid Late Charges (as defined below) with respect to the Principal on the Initial Note, Make-Whole Amount and Interest, and (E) any other unpaid amounts pursuant to the Transaction Documents, as may be amended from time to time., if any.

 

“Conversion Rate” means the amount of Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of any Conversion Amount pursuant to the Initial Note determined by dividing (x) such Conversion Amount by (y) the Conversion Price.

 

“Conversion Price” means, as of any Conversion Date or other date of determination, $0.83, subject to adjustment as provided in the Initial Note.

 

“Late Charge” means a late charge incurred and payable by the Company in an amount equal to interest on such amount at the rate of eighteen percent (18%) per annum from the date such amount was due until the same is paid in full, if “Make-Whole Amount” means, as of any given date and as applicable, in connection with any conversion, redemption or other repayment hereunder, an amount equal to the amount of additional interest that would accrue under the Initial Note at the interest rate then in effect assuming for calculation purposes that the outstanding Principal of the Initial Note as of the closing date remained outstanding through and including the maturity date.

 

“Make-Whole Amount” means, as of any given date and as applicable, in connection with any conversion, redemption or other repayment under the Initial Note, an amount equal to the amount of additional interest that would accrue under the Initial Note at the interest rate then in effect assuming for calculation purposes that the outstanding Principal of the Initial Note as of the Closing Date remained outstanding through and including the maturity date.

 

At the Initial Closing, the Company also sold to JAK Opportunities VI LLC a Series A Warrant to purchase 1,325,301 Class A Shares and a Series B Warrant to purchase 180,722 Class B Shares. The form of the Series A Warrant and form of the Series B Warrant are included as Exhibit B of the Securities Purchase Agreement included as Exhibit 4.1 in the Form 6-K filed on August 16, 2024, which is incorporate herein by reference.

 

Second Tranche

 

On August 28, 2024, the Company closed on the second tranche of the 2024 Debt Financing pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement. Under the second tranche, the Company sold a senior convertible promissory note to JAK Opportunities VI LLC in the principal amount of $500,000. This promissory note bears an interest rate of 14.75% per annum and is convertible into a maximum of 875,658 Ordinary Shares pursuant to its terms. This promissory note is included as Exhibit 4.1 in the Form 6-K filed on August 30, 2024. 

 

II-2

 

Financial Statement Schedules:

 

All financial statement schedules have been omitted because either they are not required, are not applicable or the information required therein is otherwise set forth in the Company’s financial statements and related notes thereto.

 

Item 8. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 

Exhibit No.   Description
3.1    Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of PubCo (incorporated by reference to Annex B of PubCo’s registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-275208), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2023)
4.1   Specimen Class A Ordinary Share Certificate of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 9, 2024)
4.2   Specimen Warrant Certificate of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 of the report on Form 20-F filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 9, 2024)
4.3   Warrant Agreement, dated February 14, 2022, by and between ASCA and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to ASCA’s Current Report on Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 18, 2022)
4.4   Form of Assumption of Warrant Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-275208), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2023)
5.1**   Opinion of Ogier
10.1   Merger Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2023, by and among ASCA, NewGenIvf Limited, certain shareholders of NewGenIvf Limited, A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp., and A SPAC I Mini Sub Acquisition Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to ASCA’s Current Report on Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 16, 2023)
10.2   First Amendment to the Merger Agreement, dated June 12, 2023, by and among ASCA, NewGenIvf Limited, Principal Shareholders, A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp. and A SPAC I Mini Sub Acquisition Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to ASCA’s Current Report on Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 13, 2023)
10.3   Second Amendment to the Merger Agreement, dated December 6, 2023, by and among ASCA, NewGenIvf Limited, Principal Shareholders, A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp. and A SPAC I Mini Sub Acquisition Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to ASCA’s Current Report on Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 6, 2023)
10.4   Third Amendment to the Merger Agreement, dated March 1, 2024, by and among ASCA, NewGenIvf Limited, Principal Shareholders, A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp. and A SPAC I Mini Sub Acquisition Corp. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to ASCA’s Current Report on Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 6, 2024)
10.5   Stock Escrow Agreement, dated February 14, 2022 by and between ASCA and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to ASCA’s Current Report on Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 18, 2022)
10.6   Voting and Support Agreement, dated as of February 15, 2023, by and among A SPAC I Acquisition Corp., A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp., NewGenIvf Limited, and certain shareholders of NewGenIvf Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ASCA’s Current Report on Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 16, 2023)
10.7   Form of Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to ASCA’s Current Report on Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 16, 2023)
10.8   Form of Lock-Up Agreement (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.8 of the Company’s report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on April 9, 2024)
10.9   Securities Purchase Agreement, dated February 29, 2024, by and among ASCA, The Company, Legacy NewGenIvf, the Buyers and Merger Sub (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to ASCA’s Current Report on Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 6, 2024)
10.10   Form of Note between The Company and the Buyers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to ASCA’s Current Report on Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 6, 2024)
10.11   Acknowledgement Agreement, dated March 1, 2024, by and among ASCA, Legacy NewGenIvf and Chardan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to ASCA’s Current Report on Form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 6, 2024)

 

II-3

 

10.12   Power Generator Lease Contract, dated January 10, 2021, between BD & H TECH Co., LTD. and First Fertility Phnom Penh Ltd (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the Company’s registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-275208), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2023)
10.13   Property Lease Contract, dated June 22, 2020, between SOK HEANG and First Fertility Phnom Penh Ltd (English Translation) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-275208), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2023)
10.14   MicroSort Lease and Services Agreement, dated March 29, 2019, between First Fertility Phnom Penh Ltd and MicroSort International (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-275208), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2023)
10.15   Management and Administrative Services Agreement, dated November 1, 2022, between First Fertility PGS Center Ltd and Med Holdings Ltd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-275208), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2023)
10.16   MicroSort Lease and Services Agreement, dated April, 8, 2019, between First Fertility PGS Center Ltd. and MicroSort International (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-275208), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2023)
10.17   Medical Consulting Service Agreement, dated January 1, 2021, between First Fertility PGS Center Ltd and First Fertility Phnom Penh Ltd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Company’s registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-275208), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2023)
10.18   Receivables Purchase Agreement, dated December, 28, 2022, between First Fertility PGS Center Ltd and Mr. Siu, Wing Fung Alfred (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-275208), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2023)
10.19   Master Services Agreement, dated December 21, 2022, between First Fertility PGS Center Ltd and First Fertility Phnom Penh Ltd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-275208), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2023)
10.20   Form of Agreement for Storage of Embryos, Eggs, and Sperms Service between First Fertility PGS Center Ltd and Reproductive Expert Co Ltd (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-275208), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2023)
10.21   Form of NewGenIvf Group Limited 2024 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.21 of the Company’s report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on April 9, 2024)
10.22   Securities Purchase Agreement between A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp. and JAK Opportunities VI LLC dated February 29, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2024)
10.23   Form of Note between A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp. and JAK Opportunities VI LLC dated February 29, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Company’s current report on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2024)
10.24   Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and certain buyers dated August 7, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on August 16, 2024)
10.25   Form of Note between the Company and JAK Opportunities VI LLC dated August 7, 2024
10.26   Form of Note between the Company and JAK Opportunities VI LLC dated August 28, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on August 30, 2024) 
16.1   Letter from WWC, P.C. regarding Item 16F of Form 20-F (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 16.1 of the Company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on August 20, 2024)
21.1**   List of Subsidiaries
23.1*   Consent Letter from WWC, P.C.
23.2*   Consent Letter from Onestop Assurance PAC
23.3**   Consent of Ogier (included in Exhibit 5.1)
24.1*   Power of Attorney
97.1   Clawback Policy of the Company. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 of the Company’s annual report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on August 20, 2024)
101.INS*   Inline XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*   Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*   Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
107*   Fee Table

 

* Filed herewith.
** To be filed via an amendment

 

II-4

 

Item 9. Undertakings

 

(a) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

 

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

 

i. To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

 

ii. To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;

 

iii. To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

 

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

 

(4) To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A. of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Act need not be furnished, provided that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (a)(4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to registration statements on Form F-3, a post-effective amendment need not be filed to include financial statements and information required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Act or Rule 3-19 of this chapter if such financial statements and information are contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the Form F-3.

 

(5) That for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4), or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

 

(6) That for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

(b) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

II-5

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement on Form F-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on September 6, 2024.

 

NEWGENIVF GROUP LIMITED  
     
By: /s/ Wing Fung Alfred Siu  
  Wing Fung Alfred Siu  
  Chief Executive Officer  

   

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Wing Fung Alfred Siu his true and lawful attorney-in-fact, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments including post-effective amendments to this registration statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact or his substitute, each acting alone, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this amendment to the registration statement on Form F-1 has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature   Title   Date
         
/s/ Wing Fung Alfred Siu   Chief Executive Officer and Director,   September 6, 2024
Wing Fung Alfred Siu   (Principal Executive Officer)    
         
/s/ Hei Yue Tina Fong   Director, Chief Marketing Officer   September 6, 2024
Hei Yue Tina Fong        
         
/s/ Hok Man Jefferson Au   Independent Director   September 6, 2024
Hok Man Jefferson Au        
         
/s/ Yip Eng Jeremy Foo   Independent Director   September 6, 2024
Yip Eng Jeremy Foo        
         
/s/ Wai Yip Raymond Chiu   Chief Financial Officer   September 6, 2024
Wai Yip Raymond Chiu        

 

II-6

 

SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES

 

Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of America of NewGenIvf Group Limited, has signed this registration statement in New York, NY on September 6, 2024.

 

  COGENCY GLOBAL INC.
   
  By: /s/ Colleen A. De Vries
  Name:  Colleen A. De Vries
  Title: Senior Vice President on behalf of Cogency Global Inc.

 

II-7

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED

 

AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS    
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 1171)   F-2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 6732)   F-4
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022   F-5
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021   F-6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021   F-7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021   F-8
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements   F-9

 

F-1

 

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To:The Board of Directors and Shareholders of NewGenIvf Limited

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NewGenIvf Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows in each of the years for the two-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements

 

As discussed in Note 2, the Company has restated its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, and for the years then ended.

 

Correction of errors in the classification of subscription receivable

 

The Company had previously erroneously presented subscription receivable as an asset; that classification was incorrect. According to Article 5-02.29 of Regulation S-X, subscription receivable should be presented as a deduction from equity rather than an asset. The Company has reassessed the classification of subscription receivable and has determined that it should be deducted from equity.

 

Recognition of directors’ remuneration for principal shareholders

 

The Company has previously recorded no directors’ remuneration to Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred and Ms. Fong Hei Yue, Tina, who are concurrently directors and principal shareholders of the Company. The absent of cost recognition was incorrect. According to SAB Topics 1:B and 5.T., principal shareholders not receiving compensation for their time and effort serving as directors are making a capital contribution to the Company. The Company has reassessed the fair value of services rendered by these directors and has determined that it should be recorded as an operating expense and additional paid-in capital.

 

Emphasis of Matter — Going Concern

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had a working capital deficit and shareholders’ deficit, accordingly, these factors gave rise to substantial doubt that the Company would continue as a going concern. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had an improvement in its capital position where the Company had net positive shareholders’ equity position, but the Company still had a working capital deficit; accordingly, the Company had not alleviated the substantial doubt that it would continue as a going concern. Management closely monitors the Company’s financial position and result of operations and has prepared a plan that includes raising additional capital and implementing improvements to increase profitability to address this substantial doubt. Details of this plan are also found in Note 1. These financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainly.

 

F-2

 

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ WWC, P.C.

 

WWC, P.C.

 

Certified Public Accountants

 

PCAOB ID No.1171

 

San Mateo, California

 

September 28, 2023

 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022.

 

F-3

 

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To:The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Newgenivf Limited

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Newgenivf Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements and schedule (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Material Uncertainty relating to Going Concern

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company had bank balance of $54,104 as of December 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company had operating cash outflows of $1,766,135. This raises substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ Onestop Assurance PAC

 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.

 

Singapore

 

August 16, 2024

 

F-4

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

   2023   2022 
ASSETS          
Current assets          
Cash and cash equivalents  $54,104   $27,556 
Accounts receivable, net   9,374    13,000 
Inventories   126,264    46,910 
Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net   517,429    70,285 
Loan to A SPAC I   140,000    
—
 
Due from shareholders   354,285    2,240,872 
Total current assets   1,201,456    2,398,623 
           
Non-current assets          
Plant and equipment, net   162,157    122,673 
Right-of-use assets, net   283,847    383,670 
Total non-current assets   446,004    506,343 
           
TOTAL ASSETS  $1,647,460   $2,904,966 
           
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY          
Current liabilities          
Accounts payable  $172,626   $104,651 
Accrued liabilities and other payables   241,613    289,777 
Contract liabilities   7,937    1,360,168 
Due to a related party   
—
    110,773 
Operating lease liabilities, current   207,128    184,651 
Finance lease liabilities, current   6,446    18,758 
Taxes payable   486,706    486,872 
Total current liabilities   1,122,456    2,555,650 
           
Non-current liabilities          
Operating lease liabilities, non-current   118,979    242,187 
Finance lease liabilities, non-current   
—
    6,446 
Total non-current liabilities   118,979    248,633 
           
Total liabilities  $1,241,435   $2,804,283 
           
Shareholders’ equity          
Ordinary shares, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; 698,123 and 601,830 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively  $6,981   $6,018 
Subscription receivable   (2,967,100)   (319,872)
Additional paid-in capital   4,324,834    1,458,941 
Accumulated deficit   (461,351)   (591,544)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income   (7,288)   9,570 
Equity attributable to the shareholders of the Company   896,076    563,113 
Non-controlling interests   (490,051)   (462,430)
Total shareholders’ equity   406,025    100,683 
           
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  $1,647,460   $2,904,966 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-5

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

   2023   2022   2021 
Revenues  $5,136,153   $5,944,190   $4,118,120 
Cost of revenues   (3,454,368)   (4,406,421)   (3,093,340)
Gross profit   1,681,785    1,537,769    1,024,780 
                
Operating expenses               
Selling and marketing expenses   (18,030)   (36,194)   (24,693)
General and administrative expenses   (1,259,364)   (1,094,962)   (801,329)
Audit fees   (362,149)   (7,908)   
-
 
                
Total operating expenses   (1,639,543)   (1,139,064)   (826,022)
                
Operating income   42,242    398,705    198,758 
                
Other income (expenses), net               
Other income, net   111,837    23,019    45,652 
Interest income   518    21    63 
Interest expense   (46,179)   (77,757)   (88,289)
Total other income (expenses), net   66,176    (54,717)   (42,574)
                
Income before taxes   108,418    343,988    156,184 
Provision for income taxes   
—
    (208,141)   (294,716)
Net income (loss)   108,418    135,847    (138,532)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests   (21,775)   (322,820)   (137,999)
Net income (loss) attributable to the shareholders of the Company  $130,193   $458,667    (533)
                
Other comprehensive income (loss)               
Foreign currency translation adjustment   (22,704)   (1,920)   7,751 
Total comprehensive income (loss)   85,714    133,927    (130,781)
Less: total comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests   (27,621)   (323,458)   (136,396)
Total comprehensive income attributable to the shareholders of the Company  $113,335   $457,385    5,615 
                
Earning per share – basic and diluted
  $0.18   $0.80    (0.00)
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding
   615,135    575,930    560,000 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-6

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

   Number
of
shares		   Ordinary
shares		   Subscription
receivable		   Additional
paid-in
capital		   Accumulated
deficit		   Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income/(loss)		   Total
attributable
to the
shareholders
of the
Company		   Non- controlling
interests		   Total 
Balance, January 1, 2021   560,000   $5,600   $—   $57,821   $(1,049,678)  $4,704   $(981,553)  $(2,576)  $(984,129)
Net loss   —    —    —    —    (533)   —    (533)   (137,999)   (138,532)
Foreign currency translation adjustment   —    —    —    —    —    6,148    6,148    1,603    7,751 
Directors’ remuneration   —    —    —    200,000    —    —    200,000    —    200,000 
Balance, December 31, 2021   560,000   $5,600   $—   $257,821   $(1,050,211)  $10,852   $(775,938)  $(138,972)  $(914,910)
                                              
Balance, January 1, 2022   560,000   $5,600   $—   $257,821   $(1,050,211)  $10,852   $(775,938)  $(138,972)  $(914,910)
Net income (loss)   —    —    —    —    458,667    —    458,667    (322,820)   135,847 
Foreign currency translation adjustment   —    —    —    —    —    (1,282)   (1,282)   (638)   (1,920)
Directors’ remuneration   —    —    —    240,000    —    —    240,000    —    240,000 
Issuance of shares   41,830    418   (319,872)   961,120    —    —    641,666    —    641,666 
Balance, December 31, 2022   601,830   $6,018   $ (319,872)  $1,458,941   $(591,544)  $9,570   $563,113   $(462,430)  $100,683 
                                              
Balance, January 1, 2023   601,830   $    6,018   $(319,872)  $1,458,941   $(591,544)  $9,570   $563,113   $(462,430)  $100,683 
Net (loss) income   —    —    —    —    130,193    —    130,193    (21,775)   108,418 
Foreign currency translation adjustment   —    —    —    —    —    (16,858)   (16,858)   (5,846)   (22,704)
Settlement of subscription receivable   —    —    219,628    —    —    —    219,628    —    219,628 
Issuance of shares   96,293    963    (2,866,856)   2,865,893    —    —    —    —    — 
Balance, December 31, 2023   698,123   $6,981   $(2,967,100)  $4,324,834   $(461,351)  $(7,288)  $896,076   $(490,051)  $406,025 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-7

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

   2023   2022   2021 
             
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES               
Net income (loss)  $108,418   $135,847   $(138,532)
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:               
Depreciation of plant and equipment   31,173    100,533    166,709 
Amortization of right-of-use assets   198,535    203,411    175,830 
Loss on disposal of plant and equipment   
—
    114,013    
—
 
Provision of expected credit loss allowance   625    10,777    6,717 
Interest expense   46,179    
—
    
—
 
Waiver of related party balance   (88,151)   
—
    
—
 
Directors’ remuneration   
—
    240,000    200,000 
Legal and professional fee   27,320    
—
    
—
 
Provision for income taxes   
—
    208,141    
—
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:               
Accounts receivable   1,166    129,922    56,183 
Inventories   (80,665)   (7,219)   1,352 
Deposit and other receivables, net   (448,266)   (15,197)   10,987 
Accounts payable   71,362    58,752    (60,989)
Accrued liabilities and other payables   (51,167)   190,689    79,853 
Contract liabilities   (1,352,231)   548,010    812,158 
Operating lease liabilities   (230,433)   (175,132)   (148,677)
Finance lease liabilities   
—
    (19,476)   (19,476)
Tax paid   
—
    (12,170)   290,887 
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities   (1,766,135)   1,710,901    1,433,002 
                
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES               
Purchase of plant and equipment   (69,848)   (94,452)   (16,575)
Net cash used in investing activities   (69,848)   (94,452)   (16,575)
                
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES               
Amount due from A SPAC I   (140,000)   
—
    
—
 
Finance lease   (9,317)   (19,476)   (17,221)
Other borrowings, net   
—
    128,204    512,821 
Issuance of shares   192,308    
—
    
—
 
Interest paid   (24,704)   
—
    
—
 
Amount with related parties   1,863,206    (1,742,509)   (2,039,969)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities   1,881,493    (1,633,781)   (1,544,369)
                
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents   45,510    (17,332)   (127,942)
Effect of foreign currency translation on cash and cash equivalents   (18,962)   16,124    50,514 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year   27,556    28,764    106,192 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year  $54,104   $27,556    28,764 
                
Supplementary cash flow information:               
Taxes paid  $
-
   $(12,170)   (3,829)
Interest paid  $(24,704)  $(55,469)   (65,582)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-8

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

 

NewGenIvf Limited (the “Company” or the “Group”) was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on January 16, 2019 as an investment holding company.

 

The following is an organization chart of the Company and its subsidiaries:

 

 

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s subsidiaries are detailed in the table as follows:

 

Name   Background   Ownership %   Principal activity
FFPGS (HK) Limited  

●   A Hong Kong company

●   Incorporated on December 19, 2019

   100%   Marketing and administrative services
Well Image Limited  

●   A Hong Kong company

●   Incorporated on July 11, 2008

   100%   Investment holding
Med Holdings Limited (“Med Holdings”) (Note)  

●   A Thailand company

●   Incorporated on January 21, 2015

   49%*   Investment holding
First Fertility PGS Center Limited (“FFC”) (Note)  

●   A Thailand company

●   Incorporated on March 6, 2014

   74%   Provision of IVF treatment
First Fertility Phnom Penh Limited (“FFPP”)  

●   A Cambodia company

●   Incorporated on August 10, 2015

   100%   Provision of IVF treatment

 

 

F-9

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (cont.)

 

Name   Background   Ownership %   Principal activity
First Fertility Bishkek LLC (“FFB”)  

●   A Kyrgyzstan company

●   Incorporated on October 11, 2019

   100%   Provision surrogacy and ancillary caring services

 

*Where less than 50% of the equity of an investee is held, the Company (through its subsidiaries) holds significantly more voting rights than any other vote holder or organized company of vote holders. An assessment has been made, taking into account all the factors relevant to the relationship with the investee, to ascertain control has been established and the investee should be consolidated as a subsidiary of the Company.

 

Note:

 

According to the Foreign Business Act (the “FBA”), the majority shareholdings of limited company incorporated in Thailand is required to be owned by Thai nationals.

 

With reference to the capital structure and voting rights structure of ordinary shares and preference shares (the “Share Structure”) of Med Holdings and FFC, all the preference share capital is owned by a Thai national. The ordinary shares and preference shares have the same rights and status in all respects except for the distribution of profits by way of dividends with details as follow:

 

(a)Dividends from profits of Med Holdings and FFC shall be allocated to the holders of preference shares at a rate fixed from time to time by the board of directors prior to allocating to the holders of ordinary shares. In any event, such dividends to be allocated to the holders of preference shares shall not exceed 15% of the total amount of dividends declared from time to time;

 

(b)After allocation of dividends as per (a) above, the rest of the dividends shall be distributed equally amongst the holders of ordinary shares according to their shareholding ratio;

 

(c)The holders of preferred shares shall be entitled to dividends only in respect of the years for which the Company has declared a dividend payment, and there shall be no cumulative dividends; and

 

(d)Dividends allocated to the holders of preferred shares in each year shall be limited at the rate as stated in (a) only. No additional dividends shall be paid to the holders of preferred shares.

 

Based upon the management’s judgement on the Shares Structure, as the Company is able to exercise majority voting power in any board meeting, the Company accounts for Med Holdings and FFC as subsidiaries on the ground that the Company is able to control Med Holdings and FFC by exercising its majority voting power in any board meetings.

 

F-10

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES (cont.)

 

Group reorganization

 

Pursuant to a group reorganization (the “group reorganization”) to rationalize the structure of the Company and its subsidiary companies (herein collectively referred to as the “Group”) in preparation for the listing of its shares, the Company becomes the holding company of the Group on February 2, 2023. As the Group were under same control of the shareholders and their entire equity interests were also ultimately held by the shareholders immediately prior to the group reorganization, the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity and consolidated statements of cash flows are prepared as if the current group structure had been in existence throughout the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, or since the respective dates of incorporation/establishment of the relevant entity, where this is a shorter period.

 

The consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 present the assets and liabilities of the aforementioned companies now comprising the Group which had been incorporated/established as of the relevant balance sheet date as if the current group structure had been in existence at those dates based on the same control aforementioned. The Company eliminates all significant intercompany balances and transactions in its consolidated financial statements.

 

The movement in the Company’s authorized share capital and the number of ordinary shares outstanding and issued in the Company are also detailed in Note 10.

 

Going concern

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had bank balance of $54,104 and may have challenge to settle its obligations when payment become due. The Company is always closely monitoring the market opportunities and is currently in the process of exercising various fundraising projects with various potential investors to improve the Company’s cash flow position for its operation and short-term payables. One fundraising project was completed on April 3, 2024. As of April 4, 2024, the Company settled $2 million to any payment with respect to accounts payable, but not, directly or indirectly, for (i) except for expenses relating to the Business Combination, the satisfaction of any indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) the redemption or repurchase of any securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iii) the settlement of any outstanding litigation as at December 31, 2023. The Company secured funding subsequent to year-end with total of $2 million, and that the Company received $2 million funding to date. Please refer to Note 20 – Subsequent Events for further information. The Company can make no assurance that required financings will be available for the amounts needed, or on terms commercially acceptable to the Company, if at all. If one or all of these events does not occur or subsequent capital raises are insufficient to bridge financial and liquidity shortfall, there would likely be a material adverse effect on the Company and its financial statements.

 

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Principles of consolidation and basis of preparation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries in which a controlling interest is maintained. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Management has prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements and these notes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The Company maintains its general ledger and journals with the accrual method accounting.

 

F-11

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

 

Use of estimates

 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates required to be made by management include, but are not limited to, contingent tax liability for Kyrgyzstan. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and as such, differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.

 

Foreign currency translation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollar (“$”), which is the reporting currency of the Company. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries, FFPGS (HK) Limited and Well Image Limited, are Hong Kong dollar (“HK$”). Med Holdings and FFC use Thai baht (“THB”) as their functional currencies. First Fertility Phnom Penh Limited uses Cambodian riel (“KHR”) as its functional currency and First Fertility Bishkek LLC uses United States dollar (“USD”) as its functional currency.

 

Assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the reporting currency are translated into the reporting currency at the rates of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Translation gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as other comprehensive income or loss.

 

Transactions in currencies other than the reporting currency are measured and recorded in the reporting currency at the exchange rate prevailing on the transaction date. The cumulative gain or loss from foreign currency transactions is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as other income (other expenses).

 

The value of foreign currencies including, the HK$, THB, KHR and RMB, may fluctuate against the United States dollar. Any significant variations of the aforementioned currencies relative to the United States dollar may materially affect the Company’s financial condition in terms of reporting in USD. The following table outlines the currency exchange rates that were used in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements:

 

      2023   2022   2021 
Period-end  $: HK$   7.8000    7.8000    7.8000 
Period average  $: HK$   7.8000    7.8000    7.8000 
Period-end  $: THB   34.2265    34.6153    33.1964 
Period average  $: THB   34.7867    35.1428    32.1003 
Period-end  $: KHR   4,080.0304    4,114.3335    4,068.9577 
Period average  $: KHR   4,105.4181    4,083.7043    4,065.8164 
Period-end  $: RMB   7.0971    6.9091    6.3551 
Period average  $: RMB   7.0835    6.4569    6.4368 

 

F-12

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term deposits with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

 

Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net

 

Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) cost, net primarily include deposits paid to suppliers, prepaid expenses, the prepaid professional fee which meets the definition of deferred IPO cost, and other deposits.

 

Deferred IPO costs consist of underwriting, legal, accounting and other expenses incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the Initial Public Offering and that were charged to shareholders’ equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering.

 

Plant and equipment, net

 

Plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. The Company typically applies a salvage value of 0%. The estimated useful lives of the plan and equipment are as follows:

 

 

Furniture and fixtures   3 – 5 years
Leasehold improvements   the lesser of useful life or term of lease
Medical instruments   3 – 10 years
Motor vehicle   3 – 5 years
Office equipment   3 – 5 years

 

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts, and any gain or loss are included in the Company’s results of operations. The costs of maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Significant renewals and betterments that extend the useful life of an assets are capitalized.

 

Impairment of long-lived assets

 

The Company evaluates the long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. Impairment may become obsolete from a difference in the industry, introduction of new technologies, or if the Company has inadequate working capital to utilize the long-lived assets to generate adequate profits. Impairment is present if the carrying amount of an asset is less than its expected future undiscounted cash flows.

 

If an asset is considered impaired, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of are reported lower the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.

 

F-13

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

 

Inventories

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs are determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Net realizable value is based on the estimated selling prices less any estimated costs to be incurred to completion and disposal. A provision for excess and obsolete inventory will be made based primarily on forecasts of product demand. The excess balance determined by this analysis becomes the basis for excess inventory charge and the written-down value of the inventory becomes its cost. Written-down inventory would not be reversed if market conditions improve.

 

Other borrowings

 

Other borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of debt issuance costs incurred. Other borrowings are subsequently stated at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of debt issuance costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

 

Ordinary shares

 

The Company’s ordinary shares are stated at par value of $0.01 per ordinary share. The difference between the consideration received, net of issuance cost, and the par value is recorded in additional paid-in capital.

 

Revenue recognition

 

The Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all subsequent ASUs that modified ASC 606 on April 1, 2017 using the full retrospective method which requires the Company to present the financial statements for all periods as if Topic 606 had been applied to all prior periods. The Company derives revenue principally from provision of In vitro fertilization (“IVF”) treatment and surrogacy and ancillary caring services. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using the following five steps:

 

(1)identify its contracts with customers;

 

(2)identify its performance obligations under those contracts;

 

(3)determine the transaction prices of those contracts;

 

(4)allocate the transaction prices to its performance obligations in those contracts; and

 

(5)recognize revenue when each performance obligation under those contracts is satisfied. Revenue is recognized when promised services are transferred to the client in an amount that reflects the consideration expected in exchange for those services.

 

The Company enters into service agreements with its customers that outline the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of each party. The agreements also identify the scope of services, service fees, and payment terms. Agreements are acknowledged and signed by both parties. All the contracts have commercial substance, and it is probable that the Company will collect considerations from its customers for service component.

 

F-14

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

 

Revenue recognition (cont.)

 

The Company derives its revenues from two sources: (1) revenue from IVF treatment, and (2) revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services.

 

Revenue from IVF treatment

 

In vitro fertilization (“IVF”) treatment is an assisted reproductive technique where eggs and sperm are collected and fertilized in laboratory to become embryo. Fertilized embryo is then implanted to the customer or a surrogate mother. IVF treatment involves the performance of a series of medical treatment and procedures that are not separately distinct and only brings benefits to customer when embryo is successfully implanted, therefore revenue from IVF treatment is recognized at a point in time when it is completed in clinic. The completion of this treatment is evidenced by a written IVF report indicating successful embryo implantation. The Company collects payment from customer in advance for IVF treatment. The amount of revenue recognized from contract liabilities to the Company’s result of operations can be found in Note 8 below.

 

Revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services

 

The Company provides surrogacy and ancillary caring services solely in Kyrgyzstan. Embryo from blood parents is implanted to surrogate mother contracted by the Company. During pregnancy period, the Company provides ancillary caring services including regular body check and provision of vitamins, supplements and medicines to surrogate mothers. The key performance obligation is identified as a single performance obligation where a baby is born, therefore revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services is recognized at a point in time when surrogate mother gives birth. The Company collects approximately 40% of contract sum upfront, and remaining contract sum is collected in installments across pregnancy period of surrogate mother. The amount of revenue recognized from contract liabilities to the Company’s result of operations can be found in Note 8 below.

 

Contract related assets and liabilities are classified as current assets and current liabilities. Significant balance sheet accounts related to the revenue cycle are as follows:

 

Account receivables, net

 

Accounts receivable, net are stated at the original amount less an allowance for expected credit loss on such receivables. The allowance for expected credit loss is estimated based upon the Company’s assessment of various factors including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, current general economic conditions, future expectations and customer specific quantitative and qualitative factors that may affect the Company’s customers’ ability to pay. An allowance is also made when there is objective evidence for the Company to reasonably estimate the amount of probable loss.

 

F-15

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

 

Revenue recognition (cont.)

 

Contract liabilities

 

Contract liabilities represent considerations received from customers in advance of satisfying the Company’s performance obligations under the contract. These amounts are expected to be earned within 12 months and are classified as current liabilities.

 

Expected credit loss

 

ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments requires entities to use a current lifetime expected credit loss methodology to measure impairments of certain financial assets. Using this methodology will result in earlier recognition of losses than under the current incurred loss approach, which requires waiting to recognize a loss until it is probable of having been incurred. There are other provisions within the standard that affect how impairments of other financial assets may be recorded and presented, and that expand disclosures. Expected credit losses are probability-weighted estimates of credit losses. Credit losses are measured at the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e., the difference between the cash flows due to the entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive). ECLs are discounted at the effective interest rate of the financial asset.

 

Retirement benefits

 

Retirement benefits in the form of mandatory government-sponsored defined contribution plans are charged to either expense as incurred or allocated to wages as part of cost of revenues.

 

Segment information

 

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), or decision making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company operates and manages in one operating segment. The Company defines its CODM as Mr. Siu Wing Fund Alfred, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. Since the Company operates in one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in the consolidated financial statements. The long-lived assets and revenue from external customers as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 by geographical area are presented in Note 13.

 

F-16

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

 

Leases

 

The Company measured the lease in accordance to ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). Lease terms used to calculate the present value of lease payments generally do not include any options to extend, renew, or terminate the lease, as the Company does not have reasonable certainty at lease inception that these options will be exercised. The Company generally considers the economic life of its operating lease ROU assets to be comparable to the useful life of similar owned assets. The Company has elected the short-term lease exception, therefore operating lease ROU assets and liabilities do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Its leases generally do not provide a residual guarantee. The operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $283,847 and $383,670 million right of use (“ROU”) assets and $326,107 and $426,838 lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum rental payments of leases, respectively. The Company’s management believes that using an incremental borrowing rate of the minimum loan rate and the Hong Kong Dollar Best Lending Rate (“BLR”) minus 0.125% was the most indicative rate of the Company’s borrowing cost for the calculation of the present value of the lease payments; the rate used by the Company was 6.6% and 5.0% respectively.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company recognizes deferred income tax assets or liabilities for expected future tax consequences of events recognized in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the income tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset is not realizable or recoverable in the future.

 

The Company determines that the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained and records the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized when the tax position is settled. the Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

 

Comprehensive Income

 

The Company presents comprehensive income in accordance with ASC Topic 220, Comprehensive Income. ASC Topic 220 states that all items that are required to be recognized under accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in the consolidated financial statements. The components of comprehensive income were the net income for the years and the foreign currency translation adjustments.

 

F-17

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

 

Earnings per share

 

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) following ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per share”. Basic EPS is measured as the income or loss available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per-share basis from the potential conversion of convertible securities or the exercise of options and or warrants; the dilutive impacts of potentially convertible securities are calculated using the as-if method; the potentially dilutive effect of options or warranties are computed using the treasury stock method. Potentially anti-dilutive securities (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from diluted EPS calculation. There were no potentially dilutive securities that were in-the-money that were outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

 

Related parties

 

The Company adopted ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures, for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.

 

Commitments and contingencies

 

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of the business that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Company recognizes its liability for such contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss has occurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.

 

Non-controlling interests

 

Non-controlling interests are presented as a separate component of equity on the consolidated balance sheets and net (loss) income and other comprehensive loss are attributed to controlling and non-controlling interests respectively.

 

Concentration of risks

 

Concentration of credit risk

 

Financial instruments that potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and account receivable. The Company places cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions with high credit ratings and quality.

 

Accounts receivable primarily comprise of amounts receivable from the service customers. The Company conducts credit evaluations of customers, and generally does not require collateral or other security from its customers. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts primarily based upon the factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers.

 

F-18

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

 

Concentration of risks (cont.)

 

Concentration of customers

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, two and Nil customers which individually contributed more than 10% of trade receivable, accounted for 96.3% and Nil of the Company’s trade receivable respectively.

 

None of the customers contributed more than 10% of revenue for years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

 

Concentration of suppliers

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, one and four suppliers which individually contributed more than 10% of trade payable, accounted for 30.6% and 69.8% of the Company’s trade payable respectively.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, Nil, two and two vendors which contributed more than 10% of total purchases of the Company, accounted for Nil, 55.3% and 35.6% of the Company’s total purchases respectively.

 

Financial instruments

 

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, net, deposits, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net, loan to A SPAC I, accounts payables, accrued liabilities and other payables, and due from (to) shareholders, have carrying amounts that approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” requires disclosing the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts and other payables, accrued liabilities and amounts due from (to) related parties each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

 

●Level 1 — inputs to the valuation methodology used quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

 

●Level 2 — inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and information that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the financial instrument’s full term

 

●Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

 

The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” and ASC 815.

 

F-19

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

 

Recent accounting pronouncements adopted

 

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, which amends and clarifies several provisions of Topic 326. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) Targeted Transition Relief, which amends Topic 326 to allow the fair value option to be elected for certain financial instruments upon adoption. ASU 2019-10 extended the effective date of ASU 2016-13 until December 15, 2022. This standard replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. CECL requires an estimate of credit losses for the remaining estimated life of the financial asset using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and generally applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, and some off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. Financial assets measured at amortized cost will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by using an allowance for expected credit losses. The Company already adopted the new standard and the Company recognizes the full impact of the new standard in these consolidated balance sheets and makes related disclosures.

 

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

 

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280)” (“ASU 2023-07”). The amendments in ASU 2023-07 improve financial reporting by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more decision useful financial analyses. Topic 280 requires a public entity to report a measure of segment profit or loss that the chief operating decision maker (CODM) uses to assess segment performance and make decisions about allocating resources. Topic 280 also requires other specified segment items and amounts, such as depreciation, amortization, and depletion expense, to be disclosed under certain circumstances. The amendments in ASU 202307 do not change or remove those disclosure requirements. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 also do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, adopted retrospectively. Management considers that the guidance does not have a significant impact on the disclosures set out in these consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2023, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740)” (“ASU 2023-09”). The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. One of the amendments in ASU 2023-09 includes disclosure of, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation of (i) the reported income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations, to (ii) the product of the income (or loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and the applicable statutory federal income tax rate of the jurisdiction of domicile using specific categories, including separate disclosure for any reconciling items within certain categories that are equal to or greater than a specified quantitative threshold of 5%. ASU 2023-09 also requires disclosure of, on an annual basis, the year to date amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions, including additional disaggregated information on income taxes paid (net of refunds received) to an individual jurisdiction equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). The amendments in ASU2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and should be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the update on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 

Save for elsewhere disclosed, the Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and statement of cash flows.

 

F-20

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 3 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

 

Accounts receivable, net consists of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Accounts receivable  $9,393   $13,026 
Less: allowance for expected credit loss   (19)   (26)
   $9,374   $13,000 

 

As of the end of each of the financial year, the aging analysis of accounts receivable, net of allowance for expected credit loss, based on the invoice date is as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Within 90 days  $9,374   $13,000 
   $9,374   $13,000 

 

The movement of allowances for expected credit loss is as follow:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of the year  $(26)  $(286)
Reversal of expected credit losses   7    260 
Ending balance  $(19)  $(26)

 

NOTE 4 — INVENTORIES

 

Inventories consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Medicines, consumables and reagents for clinical and laboratory analyses  $126,264   $46,910 
   $126,264   $46,910 

 

F-21

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 5 — DEPOSITS, PREPAYMENT, OTHER RECEIVABLES AND DEFERRED IPO COST, NET

 

Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
         
Other receivables  $15,910   $30,295 
Deposits   123,008    40,131 
Prepayment   4,848    
-
 
Deferred initial public offering “IPO” cost   373,677    
-
 
Less: allowance for expected credit loss   (14)   (141)
   $517,429   $70,285 

 

The movement of allowances for expected credit loss is as follow:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of the year  $(141)  $(115)
Reversal of provision (Provision)   127    (30)
Effect of currency translation adjustment   
-
    4 
Ending balance  $(14)  $(141)

 

F-22

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 6 — PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

Plant and equipment, net consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
At cost:          
Building improvement  $92,438   $72,519 
Furniture and fixtures   250,493    246,682 
Medical instruments   844,809    791,514 
Motor vehicle   142,936    142,936 
Office equipment   150,688    146,432 
    1,481,364    1,400,083 
Less: accumulated depreciation   (1,319,207)   (1,277,410)
Total  $162,157   $122,673 

 

Depreciation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $31,173 and $100,533, respectively. Loss on disposal of assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $Nil and $114,013, respectively, due to moving of clinic to new location in First Fertility PGS Center Limited in 2022.

 

No impairment loss was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022.

 

F-23

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 7 — ACCRUED LIABILTIES AND OTHER PAYABLES

 

Accrued liabilities and other payables consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Accrued expenses  $43,633   $22,345 
Other tax payable   
—
    3,180 
Withholding tax payable   7,349    82,240 
Compensation payable (Note 1)   144,015    117,935 
Other payables   46,616    64,077 
   $241,613   $289,777 

 

Note 1:Compensation payable represented a claim relating to an employee of First Fertility PGS Center Limited (“FFC”). On April 23, 2023, the compensation agreement is finalized with the employee and the compensation is payable in 12 instalments within one year from 2023.

 

NOTE 8 — CONTRACT LIABILITIES

 

Contract liabilities consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of year  $1,360,168   $812,158 
Additions   112,006    1,360,168 
Recognized to revenue during the year   (122,662)   (812,158)
Refund to customers (Note 1)   (1,341,575)   
-
 
Balance at end of year  $7,937   $1,360,168 

 

Note 1:Refund of the deposits received from customer for services not rendered during 2023. China-based clients who prepaid for surrogacy and ancillary caring services requested refund of fees so such clients can appoint their own surrogate mothers in countries in which the Company does not conduct business. The Company sent the funds to accounts dictated by the clients and terminated service contract with those clients.

 

F-24

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 9 — LEASES

 

The Company has various operating leases for clinics and office spaces. The lease agreements do not specify an explicit interest rate. The Company’s management believes that the interest rate of 6.6% and 5% was the most indicative rate of the Company’s borrowing cost for the calculation of the present value of the lease payments.

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the right-of-use assets totaled $283,847, and $383,670, respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, lease liabilities consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Lease liabilities – current portion  $207,128   $184,651 
Lease liabilities – non-current portion   118,979    242,187 
Total  $326,107   $426,838 

 

Other lease information is as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases   0.92 years    1.91 years 
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases   5%   5%
Short term lease cost  $114,937   $89,380 

 

The following is a schedule of future minimum payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2023:

 

   December 31,
2023		 
Not later than 1 year  $240,835 
Between 1 to 2 years   111,613 
Between 2 to 3 years   10,373 
Total lease payments   362,821 
Less: imputed interest   (36,714)
Total operating lease liabilities, net of interest  $326,107 

 

F-25

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 10 — EQUITY

 

Ordinary shares

 

As at December 31, 2023, the Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 ordinary shares. Each ordinary share is entitled to one vote. The holders of ordinary shares are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

On April 3, 2024, the Company completed the business combination with A SPAC I Acquisition Corp.

 

The equity of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 represents 698,123 and 601,830 ordinary shares amounting to $6,981 and $6,018, respectively.

 

Subscription receivables

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of year  $319,872   $
—
 
Issuance of shares (Note 1)   2,866,856    319,872 
Settlement of subscription receivable (Note 2)   (219,628)   
—
 
Total  $2,967,100   $319,872 

 

Note 1:On August 15, 2022, the Company issued and allotted additional 41,830 ordinary shares to Seazen Resources Investment Limited (“Seazen”) at the consideration of $961,538, of which other borrowings of $641,025 and $641 settlement was offset with consideration as partial settlement and $319,872 was subscription receivable due from Seazen.

 

Note 2:On January 18, 2023, the Company received $192,308 from Seazen, reducing the subscription receivable by $192,308. On January 10, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 27,293 ordinary shares to Tung Donald Fan and Hok Lun Alan Lau at the consideration of $812,573. On December 4, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 69,000 shares to DoubleClick Services Limited at $2,054,283. Among the subscription receivable during the year, $27,320 was settled by the professional consulting service rendered during the year ended December 31, 2023.

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of year  $1,458,941    257,821 
Directors’ remuneration (Note 1)   
—
    240,000 
Issuance of shares (Note 2)   2,865,893    961,120 
Total  $4,324,834    1,458,941 

 

Note 1: The Company recorded remuneration to its directors, Mr. Siu, Wing Fung Alfred and Ms. Fong, Hei Yue Tina. The remuneration to Mr. Siu, Wing Fung Alfred and Ms. Fong, Hei Yue Tina was $120,000 and $120,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively. The directors considered remuneration as a capital injection rather than receiving it in cash, resulting in an $240,000 increase in paid-in capital.

 

Note 2: On August 15, 2022, the Company issued 41,830 ordinary shares to Seazen, increasing the additional paid-in capital by $961,120. On January 10, 2023, the Company issued 27,293 ordinary shares to professional party for consulting service of 10 years, increasing the additional paid-in capital by $812,300. On December 4, 2023, the Company issued additional 69,000 shares to DoubleClick Services Limited for consulting service of 10 years, increasing the additional paid-in capital by $2,053,593.

 

NOTE 11 — EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

 

HK SAR

 

The Company has a defined contribution pension scheme for its qualifying employees. The scheme assets are held under a provident fund managed by an independent fund manager. The Company and its employees are each required to make contributions to the scheme calculated at 5% of the employees’ basic salaries on monthly basis.

 

F-26

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 11 — EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (cont.)

 

Thailand

 

The Company is obliged to make social security payments within the first 15 days of the month over which it is accrued. Special concession had been determined by the Government which saw the standard amount THB750 per month per person reduced to THB450 per month per person.

 

Cambodia

 

Every business employing one or more workers must register its business and workers with the National Social Security Fund (the “NSSF”) for the Occupational Risk Scheme (for work-related accidents and occupational diseases), the Health Care Scheme and the Pension Scheme.

 

Once registered, the business must pay to the NSSF:

 

●A monthly contribution equivalent to 0.8% of each worker’s monthly average wages (between $0.40 and $2.40 per month per worker) for the Occupational Risk Scheme.

 

●A monthly contribution equivalent to 2.6% of a worker’s monthly average wages (between $1.30 and $7.80 per month per worker) for the Health Care Scheme.

 

●A monthly contribution to the compulsory Pension Scheme, which is jointly paid by the employer and the employee at the same rate of 2% (total of 4%) of the contributable wage for the first five years. The contributable wage for the Pension Scheme ranges from between KHR400,000 (approximately $100) up to KHR1,200,000 (approximately $300).

 

Kyrgyzstan

 

The Company has a defined contribution pension scheme for its qualifying employees. The scheme assets are held under a provident fund managed by an independent fund manager. The Company and its employees are each required to make contributions to the scheme calculated at 15% and 8%, respectively of the employees’ basic salaries on monthly basis.

 

NOTE 12 — PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

 

Cayman Islands

 

NewGenIvf Limited was incorporated in the Cayman Islands and is not subject to tax on income or capital gains under current Cayman Islands law. In addition, upon payment of dividends by these entities to the shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.

 

HK SAR

 

Under the two-tiered profits tax rates regime, Hong Kong tax residents are subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax in respect of profits arising in or derived from Hong Kong at 8.25% for the first HK$2 million of profits of the qualifying group entity, and profits above HK$2 million will be taxed at 16.5%. The profits of group entities not qualifying for the two-tiered profits tax rates regime will continue to be taxed at a flat rate of 16.5%.

 

Accordingly, the HK SAR profits tax is calculated at 8.25% on the first HK$2 million of the estimated assessable profits and at 16.5% on the remaining estimated assessable profits.

 

Thailand

 

The companies incorporated in Thailand are taxed on worldwide income. A company incorporated abroad is taxed on its profits arising from or in consequence of the business carried on in Thailand. The corporate income tax (CIT) rate is 20%. A foreign company not carrying on business in Thailand is subject to a final withholding tax (WHT) on certain types of assessable income (e.g. interest, dividends, royalties, rentals, and service fees) paid from or in Thailand. The rate of tax is generally 15%, except for dividends, which is 10%, while other rates may apply under the provisions of a double tax treaty (DTT).

 

F-27

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 12 — PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES (cont.)

 

Cambodia

 

The standard rate of corporate income tax (“CIT”) for companies and permanent establishments who are classified as medium and large taxpayers is 20%. For companies and permanent establishments who are classified as small taxpayers, the CIT rates are progressive rates from 0% to 20%. In view of the annual turnover of the company, the annual turnover ranges from KHR1 billion to KHR6 billion for service and commercial sectors, the company shall consider as the medium-sized company.

 

Kyrgyzstan

 

The company is subject to a corporate income tax on their aggregate annual income earned worldwide. Non-resident legal entities carrying out business activities through a permanent establishment in Kyrgyzstan are subject to profit tax on the income attributed to the activities of that permanent establishments.

 

Profit tax is calculated at a rate of 10% of aggregate annual income less allowed deductions.

 

Significant components of the provisions for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 were as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Current tax provision Kyrgyzstan   
—
    196,116 
Current tax provision Cambodia   
—
    11,323 
Late penalty provision Kyrgyzstan   
—
    702 
Total provision for income taxes  $
—
   $208,141 

 

F-28

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 12 — PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES (cont.)

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022   2021 
Income before taxes  $108,418   $343,988   $156,184 
Tax expenses (credit) at the effective tax rates   10,732    (124,591)   36,755 
Tax effect on non-taxable income   (39,173)   
—
    
—
 
Tax effect on non-deductible expenses   
—
    369,101    114,656 
Tax effect on late penalty provision   
—
    
—
    145,295 
Change in valuation allowance   28,441    
—
    
—
 
Tax effect on utilization of tax losses   
—
    (36,369)   (1,990)
Income taxes  $
—
    208,141   $294,716 

 

Deferred tax asset, net

 

Significant components of deferred tax assets, net were as follows:

 

   December 31,
2023		   December 31,
2022		 
   USD   USD 
Deferred tax assets:          
– Net operating loss carry forward   28,441    
—
 
Less: valuation allowance   (28,441)   
—
 
Deferred tax assets, net   
—
    
—
 

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had net operating loss carry forward of $164,721 and $297,207. The Company believes it is less likely than not that its operations will be able to fully utilize its deferred tax assets related to the net operating loss carry forward. As a result, the Company provided 100% allowance on deferred tax assets on net operating loss.

 

NOTE 13 — DISAGGREGATED REVENUES

 

The Company’s main business operations are to provide: (i) IVF treatment service; and (ii) surrogacy and ancillary caring services.

 

   For the year ended
December 31,		 
Revenue from external customers  2023   2022   2021 
IVF treatment service  $4,021,696   $2,819,163   $3,199,683 
Surrogacy, ancillary caring and other services   1,114,457    3,125,027    918,437 
Total revenues  $5,136,153   $5,944,190   $4,118,120 

 

F-29

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 13 — DISAGGREGATED REVENUES (cont.)

 

Geographical information

 

   December 31, 
Revenue from external customers originated from  2023   2022   2021 
HK SAR  $34,038    
—
   $
—
 
Kyrgyzstan   3,123,593    5,060,973    3,110,483 
Cambodia   621,619    377,608    313,737 
Thailand   1,356,903    505,609    693,900 
Total revenues  $5,136,153    5,944,190   $4,118,120 

 

The revenue information above is based on the locations where the revenue originated.

 

   December 31, 
Long-lived assets located at  2023   2022   2021 
HK SAR  $584   $
—
      
Kyrgyzstan   
—
    22,513    20,835 
Cambodia   137,472    229,085    332,799 
Thailand   307,948    254,745    238,744 
   $446,004   $506,343    592,378 

 

The Company’s long-lived assets consist of plant and equipment, net and operating leases right-of-use assets, net.

 

NOTE 14 — RISKS

 

A. Credit risk

 

Accounts receivable

 

In order to minimize the credit risk, the management of the Company monitors and ensures that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. The Company considers the probability of default upon initial recognition of asset and whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk on an ongoing basis throughout each reporting period. To assess whether there is a significant increase in credit risk, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the asset as at the reporting date with the risk of default as at the date of initial recognition. It considers available reasonable and supportive forward-looking information, such as GDP growth rate and nominal GDP per capita. Based on the impairment assessment performed by the Company, the directors consider the loss allowance for account receivables as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is $19 and $26, respectively.

 

F-30

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 14 — RISKS (cont.)

 

A. Credit risk (cont.)

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit ratings assigned by international credit-rating agencies. The Company is exposed to concentration of credit risk on liquid funds which are deposited with several banks with high credit ratings.

 

Deposits and other receivables, amount due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I

 

The Company assessed the impairment for deposits and other receivables, due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I individually based on internal credit rating and ageing of these debtors which, in the opinion of the directors, have no significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. Based on the impairment assessment performed by the Company, the directors consider the loss allowance for deposits and other receivables, due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I as of December 31, 2023 is $14, $17,818 and Nil, respectively. The loss allowance for deposits and other receivables, due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I as of December 31, 2022 is $141, $17,059 and Nil, respectively. The loss allowance for deposits and other receivables and amount due from shareholders as of December 31, 2021 was $115 and $6,312 and Nil, respectively.

 

B. Interest risk

 

Cash flow interest rate risk

 

The Company is exposed to cash flow interest rate risk through the changes in interest rates related mainly to the Company’s variable-rates bank balances.

 

The Company currently does not have any interest rate hedging policy in relation to fair value interest rate risk and cash flow interest rate risk. The directors monitor the Company’s exposures on an ongoing basis and will consider hedging the interest rate should the need arises.

 

Sensitivity analysis

 

The sensitivity analysis below has been determined by assuming that a change in interest rates had occurred at the end of the reporting period and had been applied to the exposure to interest rates for financial instruments in existence at that date. 1% increase or decrease is used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in interest rates.

 

If interest rates had been 1% higher or lower and all other variables were held constant, the Company’s net (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 would have increased or decreased by approximately $541, $275 and $287, respectively.

 

F-31

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 14 — RISKS (cont.)

 

B. Interest risk (cont.)

 

Foreign currency risk

 

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the holding of foreign currency assets will affect the Company’s financial position as a result of a change in foreign currency exchange rates.

 

The Company’s monetary assets and liabilities are mainly denominated in HK$, THB, KHR and RMB which are the same as the functional currencies of the relevant group entities. Hence, in the opinion of the directors of the Company, the currency risk of US$ is considered insignificant. The Company currently does not have a foreign currency hedging policy to eliminate currency exposures. However, the directors monitor the related foreign currency exposure closely and will consider hedging significant foreign currency exposures should the need arise.

 

C. Economic and political risks

 

The Company’s operations are mainly conducted in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by changes in the political, economic, and legal environments in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan.

 

The Company’s operations in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan are subject to special considerations and significant risks. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

 

D. Inflation risk

 

Management monitors changes in prices levels. Historically inflation has not materially impacted the Company’s consolidated financial statements; however, significant increases in the price of labor that cannot be passed to the Company’s customers could adversely impact the Company’s results of operations.

 

F-32

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 15 — RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS

 

The summary of amount due from and due to related parties as the following:

 

      December 31, 
   Relationship  2023   2022 
Due from shareholders consist of the following:           
Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred (“Mr. Siu”) and Ms. Fong Hei Yue, Tina (“Ms. Fong”)  Shareholders and directors (note 1)  $354,285   $2,240,872 
              
Due to a related party consist of the following:             
Harcourt Limited  A related company (note 2)  $
-
   $(110,773)

 

Note

 

(1)Ms. Fong is the spouse of Mr. Siu. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the due from shareholders balance was $354,285 and $2,240,872, respectively.

 

(2)The directors and shareholders of Harcourt Limited are Mr. Siu and Ms. Fong, Harcourt Limited therefore has the common ultimate beneficial owners with the Company.

 

The balance due from shareholders consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Due from shareholders  $372,103   $2,257,931 
Less: allowance for expected credit loss   (17,818)   (17,059)
   $354,285   $2,240,872 

 

F-33

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 15 — RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS (cont.)

 

The movement of allowances for expected credit loss is as follow:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of the year  $(17,059)  $(6,312)
Provision   (759)   (10,747)
Ending balance  $(17,818)  $(17,059)

 

In addition to the transactions and balances detailed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, the Company had the following transactions with related parties:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022   2021 
Directors’ remuneration to Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred  $125,000   $120,000   $100,000 
Directors’ remuneration to Ms. Fong Hei Yue, Tina   125,000    120,000    100,000 
Waiver of related party balance of Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred   (88,151)   
—
    
—
 

 

NOTE 16 — LOAN TO A SPAC I

 

On June 12, 2023, NewGenIvf Limited (the “Company”) and A SPAC I Acquisition Corp (“A SPAC I”) entered into a First Amendment to Merger Agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to provide non-interest bearing loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $560,000 (the “Loan”) to A SPAC I to fund amounts required to further extend the period of time available for A SPAC I to consummate a business combination, and for working capital and payment of professional, administrative and operational expenses, and other purposes as mutually agreed by A SPAC I and the Company. The Loan will only become repayable upon the closing of the Acquisition Merger. As of December 31, 2023, $140,000 was outstanding under the loan. The Company completed the business combination with A SPAC I Acquisition Corp on April 3, 2024. After the combination, the balance of loan to A SPAC I was eliminated in the subsequent period.

 

F-34

 

 

NEWGENIVF LIMITED
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Stated in US Dollars)

 

NOTE 17 — IMPACT OF COVID-19

 

The COVID-19 has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted consumer spending and global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. The Company experienced some resulting disruptions to the Company’s business operations, and the Company expected the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business and financial performance.

 

Due to the ongoing recession caused by the COVID-19, the Company’s business is likely to be adversely impacted. The effects of recession can also increase economic instability with vendors and customers.

 

NOTE 18 — CONTINGENCIES

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was not a party to any legal or administrative proceedings.

 

First Fertility Bishkek LLC (“FFB”), the Company incorporated in Kyrgyzstan, did not report the current year tax   to the tax authority till the reporting date since 2023. The late tax filing may lead to contingent tax penalty as of December 31, 2023. Since FFB had no profit for the year ended December 31, 2023, the tax department may not issue tax return at current tax position. The tax return is not yet filed so it is not possible to give the Company evaluation of the likelihood of the outcome or estimate the possible amount of tax penalty. The contingent tax penalty is reasonably possible and estimated at $486,706. Thus, no provision was made. Except the potential tax issue, the Company concludes that there was no contingent liability, either individually or in the aggregate, that could have resulted in an unfavorable outcome with a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, consolidated financial condition, or cash flows.

 

NOTE 19 — segment information

 

The Company uses the management approach to determine reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s CODM, specifically the Group’s CEO and CFO, for making decisions, allocating resources and assessing performance.

 

The Company does not distinguish revenues, costs and expenses between segments in its internal reporting, but instead reports costs and expenses by nature as a whole. Based on the management’s assessment, the Group determines that it has only one operating segment and therefore one reportable segment as defined by ASC 280. As such, all financial segment information required by the authoritative guidance can be found in these consolidated financial statements.

 

NOTE 20 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, other than as described below, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.

 

Convertible note

 

On February 29, 2024, A SPAC I Acquisition Corp. (“ASCA”), A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp. (the then name of NewGenIvf Group Limited), NewGenIvf Limited (“NewGenIvf”, the “Company”), A SPAC I Mini Sub Acquisition Corp. (the “Merger Sub”), and certain buyers named therein led by JAK Opportunities VI LLC (collectively, the “Buyers” or “JAK”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which the NewGenIvf Group Limited agreed to issue and sell to JAK, in a private placement, an aggregate of up to $3,500,000 principal amount of convertible notes (the “Notes”), consisting of one or more tranches: (i) an initial tranche (the “Initial Tranche”) of an aggregate principal amount of Notes of up to $1,750,000 and including an original issue discount of up to aggregate $122,500, and (ii) subsequent tranches of an aggregate principal amount of Notes of up to $1,750,000 and including an original issue discount of up to aggregate $122,500.

 

On April 3, 2024, JAK received a certain amount of ordinary shares of the NewGenIvf Group Limited (the “Commitment Shares”), which were converted from the Company ordinary shares issued to JAK in February 2024 and equaled 295,000 ordinary shares of the NewGenIvf Group Limited, as well as an additional 100,000 ordinary shares of the NewGenIvf Group Limited, which were converted from the Company ordinary shares transferred by another shareholder of the Company to JAK in March 2024. In addition, a subsequent tranche of the Notes in the principal amount of $250,000 was issued and sold to JAK shortly after the closing of the Business Combination. As such, as of April 4, 2024, an aggregate principal amount of Notes of $2,000,000 were issued and sold to JAK.

 

Business combination

 

On April 3, 2024, the Company completed the business combination with A SPAC I Acquisition Corp. After the combination, the combined company will be named “NewGenIvf Group Limited” (“NewGenIvf Group”) and its shares and warrants are expected to begin trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the tickers “NIVF”, and “NIVFW”, respectively, on April 4, 2024 .

 

F-35

 

0.00 0.18 0.80 560000 575930 615135 P12M On January 18, 2023, the Company received $192,308 from Seazen, reducing the subscription receivable by $192,308. On January 10, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 27,293 ordinary shares to Tung Donald FAN and Hok Lun Alan Lau at the consideration of $812,573. On December 4, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 69,000 shares to DoubleClick Services Limited at $2,054,283. 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Exhibit 10.25

 

[FORM OF SENIOR CONVERTIBLE NOTE]

 

NEITHER THE ISSUANCE AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I) IN THE ABSENCE OF (A) AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B) AN OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE HOLDER (IF REQUESTED BY THE COMPANY), IN A FORM REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II) UNLESS SOLD OR ELIGIBLE TO BE SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES. ANY TRANSFEREE OF THIS NOTE SHOULD CAREFULLY REVIEW THE TERMS OF THIS NOTE, INCLUDING SECTIONS 3(c)(iii) AND 19(a) HEREOF. THE PRINCIPAL AMOUNT REPRESENTED BY THIS NOTE AND, ACCORDINGLY, THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON CONVERSION HEREOF MAY BE LESS THAN THE AMOUNTS SET FORTH ON THE FACE HEREOF PURSUANT TO SECTION 3(c)(iii) OF THIS NOTE.

 

[THIS NOTE HAS BEEN ISSUED WITH ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT (“OID”). PURSUANT TO TREASURY REGULATION §1.1275-3(b)(1), RAYMOND CHIU, A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE COMPANY HEREOF WILL, BEGINNING TEN DAYS AFTER THE ISSUANCE DATE OF THIS NOTE, PROMPTLY MAKE AVAILABLE TO THE HOLDER UPON REQUEST THE INFORMATION DESCRIBED IN TREASURY REGULATION §1.1275-3(b)(1)(i). RAYMOND CHIU MAY BE REACHED AT TELEPHONE NUMBER ( ) - .]

 

NewGenIvf Group Limited

 

Senior Convertible Note

 

Issuance Date: [●] 20__ Original Principal Amount: U.S. $[●]

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, NewGenIvf Group Limited, a business company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Company”), hereby promises to pay to the order of [BUYER] or its registered assigns (“Holder”) the amount set forth above as the Original Principal Amount (as reduced pursuant to the terms hereof pursuant to redemption, conversion or otherwise, the “Principal”) when due, whether upon the Maturity Date, or upon acceleration, redemption or otherwise (in each case in accordance with the terms hereof) and to pay interest (“Interest”) on any outstanding Principal at the applicable Interest Rate (as defined below) from the date set forth above as the Issuance Date (the “Issuance Date”) until the same becomes due and payable, whether upon the Maturity Date or upon acceleration, conversion, redemption or otherwise (in each case in accordance with the terms hereof). This Senior Convertible Note (including all Senior Convertible Notes issued in exchange, transfer or replacement hereof, this “Note”) is one of an issue of Senior Convertible Notes issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of ___ __, 2024 (the “Subscription Date”), by and among the Company and the investors (the “Buyers”) referred to therein, as amended from time to time (collectively, the “Notes”, and such other Senior Convertible Notes, the “Other Notes”). Certain capitalized terms used herein are defined in Section 32.

 

 

 

1. PAYMENTS OF PRINCIPAL. On the Maturity Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder an amount in cash representing 100% of all outstanding Principal, accrued and unpaid Interest and accrued and unpaid Late Charges (as defined in Section 25(c)) on such Principal and Interest. Other than as specifically permitted by this Note, the Company may not prepay any portion of the outstanding Principal, Make-Whole Amount, accrued and unpaid Interest or accrued and unpaid Late Charges on Principal and Interest, if any.

 

2. INTEREST; INTEREST RATE.

 

(a) Interest on this Note shall commence accruing on the Issuance Date and shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year and twelve 30-day months and shall be payable in arrears for on the first calendar day of each Fiscal Quarter (each, an “Interest Date”) with the first Interest Date being [    ]. Interest shall be payable on each Interest Date, to the record holder of this Note on the applicable Interest Date, in Ordinary Shares (“Interest Shares”) so long as there has been no Equity Conditions Failure; provided however, that the Company may, at its option following notice to the Holder, pay Interest on any Interest Date in cash (“Cash Interest”) or in a combination of Cash Interest and Interest Shares; provided that (x) during the period commencing on the Issuance Date through, and including, the second anniversary of the Issuance Date, if no Equity Conditions Failure then exists (unless waived in writing by the Holder), the Company may elect to pay all Interest due on any Interest Date in Interest Shares and (y) with respect to any Interest Date after the second (2nd) anniversary of the Issuance Date, unless waived in writing by the Holder, the Company shall be required to pay at least 2.00% (“Minimum Cash Interest Rate”) of any Interest due on such applicable Interest Date in cash. The Company shall deliver a written notice (each, an “Interest Election Notice”) to each holder of the Notes on or prior to the fifth (5th) Trading Day immediately prior to the applicable Interest Date (each, an “Interest Notice Due Date” and the date such notice is delivered to all of the holders of Notes, the “Interest Notice Date”) which notice (i) either (A) confirms that Interest to be paid on such Interest Date shall be paid entirely in Interest Shares or (B) elects to pay Interest as Cash Interest or a combination of Cash Interest and Interest Shares and specifies the amount of Interest that shall be paid as Cash Interest and the amount of Interest, if any, that shall be paid in Interest Shares and (ii) certifies that there has been no Equity Conditions Failure. If an Equity Conditions Failure has occurred as of the Interest Notice Date, then unless the Company has elected to pay such Interest as Cash Interest, the Interest Election Notice shall indicate that unless the Holder waives the Equity Conditions Failure, the Interest shall be paid as Cash Interest. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if no Equity Conditions Failure has occurred as of the Interest Notice Date but an Equity Conditions Failure occurs at any time prior to the Interest Date, (A) the Company shall provide the Holder a subsequent notice to that effect and (B) unless the Holder waives the Equity Conditions Failure, the Interest shall be paid in cash. Interest to be paid on an Interest Date in Interest Shares shall be paid in a number of fully paid and nonassessable shares (rounded to the nearest whole share in accordance with Section 3(a)) of Ordinary Shares equal to the quotient of (1) the amount of Interest payable on such Interest Date less any Cash Interest paid and (2) the Interest Conversion Price in effect on the applicable Interest Date.

 

2

 

 

(b) When any Interest Shares are to be paid on an Interest Date, the Company shall (i) (A) provided that the Company’s transfer agent (the “Transfer Agent”) is participating in the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program (“FAST”), credit such aggregate number of Interest Shares to which the Holder shall be entitled to the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian system, or (B) if the Transfer Agent is not participating in FAST, issue and deliver on the applicable Interest Date, to the address set forth in the register maintained by the Company for such purpose pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement or to such address as specified by the Holder in writing to the Company at least two (2) Business Days prior to the applicable Interest Date, a certificate, registered in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Interest Shares to which the Holder shall be entitled and (ii) with respect to each Interest Date, pay to the Holder, in cash by wire transfer of immediately available funds, the amount of any Cash Interest.

 

(c) Prior to the payment of Interest on an Interest Date, Interest on this Note shall accrue at the Interest Rate and be payable by way of inclusion of the Interest in the Conversion Amount on each Conversion Date in accordance with Section 3(b)(i) or upon any redemption in accordance with Section 13 or any required payment upon any Bankruptcy Event of Default. From and after the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, the Interest Rate shall automatically be increased to eighteen percent (18.0%) per annum (the “Default Rate”). In the event that such Event of Default is subsequently cured (and no other Event of Default then exists, including, without limitation, for the Company’s failure to pay such Interest at the Default Rate on the applicable Interest Date), the adjustment referred to in the preceding sentence shall cease to be effective as of the calendar day immediately following the date of such cure; provided that the Interest as calculated and unpaid at such increased rate during the continuance of such Event of Default shall continue to apply to the extent relating to the days after the occurrence of such Event of Default through and including the date of such cure of such Event of Default.

 

3. CONVERSION OF NOTES. At any time after the Issuance Date, this Note shall be convertible into validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable Ordinary Shares (as defined below), on the terms and conditions set forth in this Section 3.

 

(a) Conversion Right. Subject to the provisions of Section 3(d), at any time or times on or after the Issuance Date, the Holder shall be entitled to convert any portion of the outstanding and unpaid Conversion Amount (as defined below) into validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable Ordinary Shares in accordance with Section 3(c), at the Conversion Rate (as defined below). The Company shall not issue any fraction of an Ordinary Share upon any conversion. If the issuance would result in the issuance of a fraction of an Ordinary Share, the Company shall round such fraction of an Ordinary Share up to the nearest whole share. The Company shall pay any and all transfer, stamp, issuance and similar taxes, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, fees and expenses of the Transfer Agent (as defined below)) that may be payable with respect to the issuance and delivery of Ordinary Shares upon conversion of any Conversion Amount.

 

3

 

 

(b) Conversion Rate. The number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of any Conversion Amount pursuant to Section 3(a) shall be determined by dividing (x) such Conversion Amount by (y) the Conversion Price (the “Conversion Rate”).

 

(i) “Conversion Amount” means 110% of the sum of (A) the portion of the Principal of this Note to be converted, redeemed or otherwise with respect to which this determination is being made, (B) accrued and unpaid Interest with respect to such Principal of this Note, (C) the Make-Whole Amount, if any, (D) accrued and unpaid Late Charges with respect to such Principal of this Note, Make-Whole Amount and Interest, and (E) any other unpaid amounts pursuant to the Transaction Documents, if any.

 

(ii) “Conversion Price” means, as of any Conversion Date or other date of determination, $[   ]1, subject to adjustment as provided herein.

 

(c) Mechanics of Conversion.

 

(i) Optional Conversion. To convert any Conversion Amount into Ordinary Shares on any date (a “Conversion Date”), the Holder shall deliver (whether via electronic mail or otherwise), for receipt on or prior to 11:59 p.m., New York time, on such date, a copy of an executed notice of conversion in the form attached hereto as Exhibit I (each, a “Conversion Notice”) to the Company. If required by Section 3(c)(iii), within one (1) Trading Day following a conversion of this Note as aforesaid, the Holder shall surrender this Note to a nationally recognized overnight delivery service for delivery to the Company (or an indemnification undertaking with respect to this Note in the case of its loss, theft or destruction as contemplated by Section 19(b)). On or before the first (1st) Trading Day following the date on which the Company has received a Conversion Notice (or such earlier date as required pursuant to the 1934 Act or other applicable law, rule or regulation for the settlement of a trade initiated on the applicable Conversion Date of such Ordinary Shares issuable pursuant to such Conversion Notice) (the “Share Delivery Deadline”), the Company shall (1) provided that the Transfer Agent is participating in FAST, credit such aggregate number of Ordinary Shares to which the Holder shall be entitled pursuant to such conversion to the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian system or (2) if the Transfer Agent is not participating in FAST, upon the request of the Holder, issue and deliver (via reputable overnight courier) to the address as specified in the Conversion Notice, a certificate, registered in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Ordinary Shares to which the Holder shall be entitled pursuant to such conversion. If this Note is physically surrendered for conversion pursuant to Section 3(c)(iii) and the outstanding Principal of this Note is greater than the Principal portion of the Conversion Amount being converted, then the Company shall as soon as practicable and in no event later than one (1) Business Day after receipt of this Note and at its own expense, issue and deliver to the Holder (or its designee) a new Note (in accordance with Section 19(d)) representing the outstanding Principal not converted. The Person or Persons entitled to receive the Ordinary Shares issuable upon a conversion of this Note shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such Ordinary Shares on the Conversion Date; provided, that the Holder shall be deemed to have waived any voting rights of any such Ordinary Shares that may arise with respect to any record date during the period commencing on such Conversion Date, through, and including, such applicable Share Delivery Deadline (each, an “Conversion Period”), as necessary, such that the aggregate voting rights of any Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by the Holder and/or any Attribution Parties, collectively, on any such record date shall not exceed the Maximum Percentage (as defined below) as a result of any such conversion of this Note. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Note or the Registration Rights Agreement, after the effective date of the Registration Statement (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) and prior to the Holder’s receipt of the notice of a Grace Period (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement), the Company shall cause the Transfer Agent to deliver unlegended Ordinary Shares to the Holder (or its designee) in connection with any sale of Registrable Securities (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) with respect to which the Holder has entered into a contract for sale, and delivered a copy of the prospectus included as part of the particular Registration Statement to the extent applicable, and for which the Holder has not yet settled.

 

 

1Insert the Nasdaq Closing Bid Price of the Ordinary Shares on the Trading Day ended immediately preceding the time of execution of the Securities Purchase Agreement.

 

4

 

 

(ii) Company’s Failure to Timely Convert. If the Company shall fail, for any reason or for no reason, on or prior to the applicable Share Delivery Deadline, either (I) if the Transfer Agent is not participating in FAST, to issue and deliver to the Holder (or its designee) a certificate for the number of Ordinary Shares to which the Holder is entitled and register such Ordinary Shares on the Company’s share register or, if the Transfer Agent is participating in FAST, to credit the balance account of the Holder or the Holder’s designee with DTC for such number of Ordinary Shares to which the Holder is entitled upon the Holder’s conversion of this Note (as the case may be) or (II) if, following the earlier of (x) the Effectiveness Deadline (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) and (y) the Effective Date (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) of the initial Registration Statement, the Registration Statement covering the resale of the Ordinary Shares that are the subject of the Conversion Notice (the “Unavailable Conversion Shares”) is not available for the resale of such Unavailable Conversion Shares and the Company fails to promptly, but in no event later than as required pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement (x) so notify the Holder and (y) deliver the Ordinary Shares electronically without any restrictive legend by crediting such aggregate number of Ordinary Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such conversion to the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian system (the event described in the immediately foregoing clause (II) is hereinafter referred as a “Notice Failure” and together with the event described in clause (I) above, a “Conversion Failure”), then, in addition to all other remedies available to the Holder, (1) the Company shall pay in cash to the Holder on each day after such Share Delivery Deadline that the issuance of such Ordinary Shares is not timely effected an amount equal to 2% of the product of (A) the sum of the number of Ordinary Shares not issued to the Holder on or prior to the Share Delivery Deadline and to which the Holder is entitled, multiplied by (B) any trading price of the Ordinary Shares selected by the Holder in writing as in effect at any time during the period beginning on the applicable Conversion Date and ending on the applicable Share Delivery Deadline and (2) the Holder, upon written notice to the Company, m4ay void its Conversion Notice with respect to, and retain or have returned (as the case may be) any portion of this Note that has not been converted pursuant to such Conversion Notice, provided that the voiding of a Conversion Notice shall not affect the Company’s obligations to make any payments which have accrued prior to the date of such notice pursuant to this Section 3(c)(ii) or otherwise. In addition to the foregoing, if on or prior to the Share Delivery Deadline either (A) if the Transfer Agent is not participating in FAST, the Company shall fail to issue and deliver to the Holder (or its designee) a certificate and register such Ordinary Shares on the Company’s share register or, if the Transfer Agent is participating in FAST, the Transfer Agent shall fail to credit the balance account of the Holder or the Holder’s designee with DTC for the number of Ordinary Shares to which the Holder is entitled upon the Holder’s conversion hereunder or pursuant to the Company’s obligation pursuant to clause (II) below or (B) a Notice Failure occurs, and if on or after such Share Delivery Deadline the Holder acquires (in an open market transaction, stock loan or otherwise) Ordinary Shares corresponding to all or any portion of the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon such conversion that the Holder is entitled to receive from the Company and has not received from the Company in connection with such Conversion Failure or Notice Failure, as applicable (a “Buy-In”), then, in addition to all other remedies available to the Holder, the Company shall, within one (1) Business Day after receipt of the Holder’s request and in the Holder’s discretion, either: (I) pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, stock loan costs and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) for the Ordinary Shares so acquired (including, without limitation, by any other Person in respect, or on behalf, of the Holder) (the “Buy-In Price”), at which point the Company’s obligation to so issue and deliver such certificate (and to issue such Ordinary Shares) or credit the balance account of such Holder or such Holder’s designee, as applicable, with DTC for the number of Ordinary Shares to which the Holder is entitled upon the Holder’s conversion hereunder (as the case may be) (and to issue such Ordinary Shares) shall terminate, or (II) promptly honor its obligation to so issue and deliver to the Holder a certificate or certificates representing such Ordinary Shares or credit the balance account of such Holder or such Holder’s designee, as applicable, with DTC for the number of Ordinary Shares to which the Holder is entitled upon the Holder’s conversion hereunder (as the case may be) and pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Buy-In Price over the product of (x) such number of Ordinary Shares multiplied by (y) the lowest Closing Sale Price of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the period commencing on the date of the applicable Conversion Notice and ending on the date of such issuance and payment under this clause (II) (the “Buy-In Payment Amount”). Nothing shall limit the Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity, including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver certificates representing Ordinary Shares (or to electronically deliver such Ordinary Shares) upon the conversion of this Note as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

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(iii) Registration; Book-Entry. The Company shall maintain a register (the “Register”) for the recordation of the names and addresses of the holders of each Note and the principal amount of the Notes held by such holders (the “Registered Notes”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes absent manifest error. The Company and the holders of the Notes shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register as the owner of a Note for all purposes (including, without limitation, the right to receive payments of Principal, Make-Whole Amount and Interest hereunder) notwithstanding notice to the contrary. A Registered Note may be assigned, transferred or sold in whole or in part only by registration of such assignment or sale on the Register. Upon its receipt of a written request to assign, transfer or sell all or part of any Registered Note by the holder thereof, the Company shall record the information contained therein in the Register and issue one or more new Registered Notes in the same aggregate principal amount as the principal amount of the surrendered Registered Note to the designated assignee or transferee pursuant to Section 19, provided that if the Company does not so record an assignment, transfer or sale (as the case may be) of all or part of any Registered Note within two (2) Business Days of such a request, then the Register shall be automatically deemed updated to reflect such assignment, transfer or sale (as the case may be). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Section 3, following conversion of any portion of this Note in accordance with the terms hereof, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Note to the Company unless (A) the full Conversion Amount represented by this Note is being converted (in which event this Note shall be delivered to the Company following conversion thereof as contemplated by Section 3(c)(i)) or (B) the Holder has provided the Company with prior written notice (which notice may be included in a Conversion Notice) requesting reissuance of this Note upon physical surrender of this Note. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the Principal, Make-Whole Amount, Interest and Late Charges converted and/or paid (as the case may be) and the dates of such conversions, and/or payments (as the case may be) or shall use such other method, reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and the Company, so as not to require physical surrender of this Note upon conversion. If the Company does not update the Register to record such Principal, Make-Whole Amount, Interest and Late Charges converted and/or paid (as the case may be) and the dates of such conversions, and/or payments (as the case may be) within two (2) Business Days of such occurrence, then the Register shall be automatically deemed updated to reflect such occurrence.

 

(iv) Pro Rata Conversion; Disputes. In the event that the Company receives a Conversion Notice from more than one holder of Notes for the same Conversion Date and the Company can convert some, but not all, of such portions of the Notes submitted for conversion, the Company, subject to Section 3(d), shall convert from each holder of Notes electing to have Notes converted on such date a pro rata amount of such holder’s portion of its Notes submitted for conversion based on the principal amount of Notes submitted for conversion on such date by such holder relative to the aggregate principal amount of all Notes submitted for conversion on such date. In the event of a dispute as to the number of Ordinary Shares issuable to the Holder in connection with a conversion of this Note, the Company shall issue to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares not in dispute and resolve such dispute in accordance with Section 24.

 

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(d) Limitations on Conversions. The Company shall not effect the conversion of any portion of this Note, and the Holder shall not have the right to convert any portion of this Note pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Note and any such conversion shall be null and void and treated as if never made, to the extent that after giving effect to such conversion, the Holder together with the other Attribution Parties collectively would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (the “Maximum Percentage”) of the Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the aggregate number of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by the Holder and the other Attribution Parties shall include the number of Ordinary Shares held by the Holder and all other Attribution Parties plus the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of this Note with respect to which the determination of such sentence is being made, but shall exclude Ordinary Shares which would be issuable upon (A) conversion of the remaining, nonconverted portion of this Note beneficially owned by the Holder or any of the other Attribution Parties and (B) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any convertible notes or convertible preferred shares or warrants, including, without limitation, the Warrants) beneficially owned by the Holder or any other Attribution Party subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained in this Section 3(d). For purposes of this Section 3(d), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act. For purposes of determining the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares the Holder may acquire upon the conversion of this Note without exceeding the Maximum Percentage, the Holder may rely on the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares as reflected in (x) the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, Report of Foreign Issuer on Form 6-K or other public filing with the SEC, as the case may be, (y) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (z) any other written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent, if any, setting forth the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding (the “Reported Outstanding Share Number”). If the Company receives a Conversion Notice from the Holder at a time when the actual number of outstanding Ordinary Shares is less than the Reported Outstanding Share Number, the Company shall notify the Holder in writing of the number of Ordinary Shares then outstanding and, to the extent that such Conversion Notice would otherwise cause the Holder’s beneficial ownership, as determined pursuant to this Section 3(d), to exceed the Maximum Percentage, the Holder must notify the Company of a reduced number of Ordinary Shares to be purchased pursuant to such Conversion Notice. For any reason at any time, upon the written or oral request of the Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Business Day confirm orally and in writing or by electronic mail to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Note, by the Holder and any other Attribution Party since the date as of which the Reported Outstanding Share Number was reported. In the event that the issuance of Ordinary Shares to the Holder upon conversion of this Note results in the Holder and the other Attribution Parties being deemed to beneficially own, in the aggregate, more than the Maximum Percentage of the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares (as determined under Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act), the number of shares so issued by which the Holder’s and the other Attribution Parties’ aggregate beneficial ownership exceeds the Maximum Percentage (the “Excess Shares”) shall be deemed null and void and shall be cancelled ab initio, and the Holder shall not have the power to vote or to transfer the Excess Shares. Upon delivery of a written notice to the Company, the Holder may from time to time increase (with such increase not effective until the sixty-first (61st) day after delivery of such notice) or decrease the Maximum Percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99% as specified in such notice; provided that (i) any such increase in the Maximum Percentage will not be effective until the sixty-first (61st) day after such notice is delivered to the Company and (ii) any such increase or decrease will apply only to the Holder and the other Attribution Parties and not to any other holder of Notes that is not an Attribution Party of the Holder. For purposes of clarity, the Ordinary Shares issuable pursuant to the terms of this Note in excess of the Maximum Percentage shall not be deemed to be beneficially owned by the Holder for any purpose including for purposes of Section 13(d) or Rule 16a-1(a)(1) of the 1934 Act. No prior inability to convert this Note pursuant to this paragraph shall have any effect on the applicability of the provisions of this paragraph with respect to any subsequent determination of convertibility. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 3(d) to the extent necessary to correct this paragraph (or any portion of this paragraph) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended beneficial ownership limitation contained in this Section 3(d) or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitation contained in this paragraph may not be waived and shall apply to a successor holder of this Note.

 

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(e) Right of Alternate Conversion Upon an Event of Default.

 

(i) General. Subject to Section 3(d), at any time after the occurrence of an Event of Default (regardless of whether such Event of Default has been cured, or if the Company has delivered an Event of Default Notice to the Holder or if the Holder has delivered an Event of Default Redemption Notice to the Company or otherwise notified the Company that an Event of Default has occurred), the Holder may, at the Holder’s option, convert (each, an “Alternate Conversion”, and the date of such Alternate Conversion, each, an “Alternate Conversion Date”) all, or any part of, the Conversion Amount (such portion of the Conversion Amount subject to such Alternate Conversion, the “Alternate Conversion Amount”) into Ordinary Shares at the Alternate Conversion Price.

 

(ii) Mechanics of Alternate Conversion. On any Alternate Conversion Date, the Holder may voluntarily convert any Alternate Conversion Amount pursuant to Section 3(c) (with “Alternate Conversion Price” replacing “Conversion Price” for all purposes hereunder with respect to such Alternate Conversion and with “Redemption Premium of the Conversion Amount” replacing “Conversion Amount” in clause (x) of the definition of Conversion Rate above with respect to such Alternate Conversion) by designating in the Conversion Notice delivered pursuant to this Section 3(e) of this Note that the Holder is electing to use the Alternate Conversion Price for such conversion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 3(e), but subject to Section 3(d), until the Company delivers Ordinary Shares representing the applicable Alternate Conversion Amount to the Holder, such Alternate Conversion Amount may be converted by the Holder into Ordinary Shares pursuant to Section 3(c) without regard to this Section 3(e). In the event of the Alternate Conversion of any portion of this Note under this Section 3(e), the Holder’s damages would be uncertain and difficult to estimate because of the parties’ inability to predict future interest rates and the uncertainty of the availability of a suitable substitute investment opportunity for the Holder. Accordingly, any redemption premium due under this Section 3(e) is intended by the parties to be, and shall be deemed, a reasonable estimate of the Holder’s actual loss of its investment opportunity and not as a penalty.

 

4. RIGHTS UPON EVENT OF DEFAULT.

 

(a) Event of Default. Each of the following events shall constitute an “Event of Default” and each of the events in clauses (ix), (x) and (xi) shall constitute a “Bankruptcy Event of Default”:

 

(i) the failure of the applicable Registration Statement (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) to be filed with the SEC on or prior to the date that is five (5) days after the applicable Filing Deadline (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) or the failure of the applicable Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC on or prior to the date that is five (5) days after the applicable Effectiveness Deadline (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement);

 

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(ii) while the applicable Registration Statement is required to be maintained effective pursuant to the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement, the effectiveness of the applicable Registration Statement lapses for any reason (including, without limitation, the issuance of a stop order) or such Registration Statement (or the prospectus contained therein) is unavailable to any holder of Registrable Securities (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) for sale of all of such holder’s Registrable Securities in accordance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement, and such lapse or unavailability continues for a period of ten (10) consecutive days or for more than an aggregate of thirty (30) days in any 365-day period (excluding days during an Allowable Grace Period (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement));

 

(iii) the suspension (or threatened suspension) from trading or the failure (or threatened failure) of the Ordinary Shares to be trading or listed (as applicable) on an Eligible Market for a period of five (5) consecutive Trading Days;

 

(iv) the Company’s (A) failure to cure a Conversion Failure or a Delivery Failure (as defined in the Warrants) by delivery of the required number of Ordinary Shares within five (5) Trading Days after the applicable Conversion Date or exercise date (as the case may be) or (B) notice, written or oral, to any holder of the Notes or Warrants, including, without limitation, by way of public announcement or through any of its agents, at any time, of its intention not to comply, as required, with a request for conversion of any Notes into Ordinary Shares that is requested in accordance with the provisions of the Notes, other than pursuant to Section 3(d), or a request for exercise of any Warrants for Ordinary Shares in accordance with the provisions of the Warrants;

 

(v) except to the extent the Company is in compliance with Section 12(b) below, at any time following the tenth (10th) consecutive day that the Holder’s Authorized Share Allocation (as defined in Section 12(a) below) is less than the sum of (A) the number of Ordinary Shares that the Holder would be entitled to receive upon a conversion of the full Conversion Amount of this Note (without regard to any limitations on conversion set forth in Section 3(d) or otherwise), and (B) the number of Ordinary Shares that the Holder would be entitled to receive upon exercise in full of the Holder’s Warrants (without regard to any limitations on exercise set forth in the Warrants);

 

(vi) the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s failure to pay to the Holder any amount of Principal, Make-Whole Amount, Interest, Late Charges or other amounts when and as due under this Note (including, without limitation, the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s failure to pay any redemption payments or amounts hereunder) or any other Transaction Document (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) or any other agreement, document, certificate or other instrument delivered in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except, in the case of a failure to pay Interest and Late Charges when and as due, in which case only if such failure remains uncured for a period of at least five (5) Trading Days;

 

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(vii) the Company fails to remove any restrictive legend on any certificate or any Ordinary Shares issued to the Holder upon conversion or exercise (as the case may be) of any Securities (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) acquired by the Holder under the Securities Purchase Agreement (including this Note) as and when required by such Securities or the Securities Purchase Agreement, unless otherwise then prohibited by applicable federal securities laws, and any such failure remains uncured for at least five (5) days;

 

(viii) the occurrence of any default under, redemption of or acceleration prior to maturity of at least an aggregate of $100,000 of Indebtedness (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, other than with respect to any Other Notes;

 

(ix) bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or liquidation proceedings or other proceedings for the relief of debtors shall be instituted by or against the Company or any Subsidiary and, if instituted against the Company or any Subsidiary by a third party, shall not be dismissed within thirty (30) days of their initiation;

 

(x) the commencement by the Company or any Subsidiary of a voluntary case or proceeding under any applicable federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the entry of a decree, order, judgment or other similar document in respect of the Company or any Subsidiary in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable federal, state or foreign law, or the consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or taking possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or any Subsidiary or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the execution of a composition of debts, or the occurrence of any other similar federal, state or foreign proceeding, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, the taking of corporate action by the Company or any Subsidiary in furtherance of any such action or the taking of any action by any Person to commence a Uniform Commercial Code foreclosure sale or any other similar action under federal, state or foreign law;

 

(xi) the entry by a court of (i) a decree, order, judgment or other similar document in respect of the Company or any Subsidiary of a voluntary or involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable federal, state or foreign bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or (ii) a decree, order, judgment or other similar document adjudging the Company or any Subsidiary as bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking liquidation, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company or any Subsidiary under any applicable federal, state or foreign law or (iii) a decree, order, judgment or other similar document appointing a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other similar official of the Company or any Subsidiary or of any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree, order, judgment or other similar document or any such other decree, order, judgment or other similar document unstayed and in effect for a period of thirty (30) consecutive days;

 

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(xii) a final judgment or judgments for the payment of money aggregating in excess of $100,000 are rendered against the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries and which judgments are not, within thirty (30) days after the entry thereof, bonded, discharged, settled or stayed pending appeal, or are not discharged within thirty (30) days after the expiration of such stay; provided, however, any judgment which is covered by insurance or an indemnity from a credit worthy party shall not be included in calculating the $100,000 amount set forth above so long as the Company provides the Holder a written statement from such insurer or indemnity provider (which written statement shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Holder) to the effect that such judgment is covered by insurance or an indemnity and the Company or such Subsidiary (as the case may be) will receive the proceeds of such insurance or indemnity within thirty (30) days of the issuance of such judgment;

 

(xiii) the Company and/or any Subsidiary, individually or in the aggregate, either (i) fails to pay, when due, or within any applicable grace period, any payment with respect to any Indebtedness in excess of $100,000 due to any third party (other than, with respect to unsecured Indebtedness only, payments contested by the Company and/or such Subsidiary (as the case may be) in good faith by proper proceedings and with respect to which adequate reserves have been set aside for the payment thereof in accordance with GAAP) or is otherwise in breach or violation of any agreement for monies owed or owing in an amount in excess of $100,000, which breach or violation permits the other party thereto to declare a default or otherwise accelerate amounts due thereunder, or (ii) suffer to exist any other circumstance or event that would, with or without the passage of time or the giving of notice, result in a default or event of default under any agreement binding the Company or any Subsidiary, which default or event of default would or is likely to have a material adverse effect on the business, assets, operations (including results thereof), liabilities, properties, condition (including financial condition) or prospects of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, individually or in the aggregate;

 

(xiv) other than as specifically set forth in another clause of this Section 4(a), the Company or any Subsidiary breaches any representation or warranty, or any covenant or other term or condition of any Transaction Document, except, in the case of a breach of a covenant or other term or condition that is curable, only if such breach remains uncured for a period of five (5) consecutive Trading Days;

 

(xv) a false or inaccurate certification (including a false or inaccurate deemed certification) by the Company that either (A) the Equity Conditions are satisfied, (B) there has been no Equity Conditions Failure, or (C) as to whether any Event of Default has occurred;

 

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(xvi) any breach or failure in any respect by the Company or any Subsidiary to comply with any provision of Section 15 of this Note;

 

(xvii) any Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) occurs; or

 

(xviii) any Event of Default (as defined in the Other Notes) occurs with respect to any Other Notes.

 

(b) Notice of an Event of Default; Redemption Right. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to this Note or any Other Note, the Company shall within one (1) Business Day deliver written notice thereof via electronic mail and overnight courier (with next day delivery specified) (an “Event of Default Notice”) to the Holder. At any time after the earlier of the Holder’s receipt of an Event of Default Notice and the Holder becoming aware of an Event of Default, the Holder may require the Company to redeem (regardless of whether such Event of Default has been cured) all or any portion of this Note by delivering written notice thereof (the “Event of Default Redemption Notice”) to the Company, which Event of Default Redemption Notice shall indicate the portion of this Note the Holder is electing to redeem. Each portion of this Note subject to redemption by the Company pursuant to this Section 4(b) shall be redeemed by the Company at a price equal to the greater of (i) the product of (A) the Conversion Amount to be redeemed multiplied by (B) the Redemption Premium and (ii) the product of (X) the quotient of (a) the Conversion Amount to be redeemed divided by (b) the Alternate Conversion Price then in effect at such time as the Holder delivers an Event of Default Redemption Notice multiplied by (Y) the product of (1) the Redemption Premium multiplied by (2) the greatest Closing Sale Price of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the period commencing on the date immediately preceding such Event of Default and ending on the date the Company makes the entire payment required to be made under this Section 4(b) (the “Event of Default Redemption Price”). Redemptions required by this Section 4(b) shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Section 13. To the extent redemptions required by this Section 4(b) are deemed or determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be prepayments of this Note by the Company, such redemptions shall be deemed to be voluntary prepayments. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 3(e), but subject to Section 3(d), until the Event of Default Redemption Price (together with any Late Charges thereon) is paid in full, the Conversion Amount submitted for redemption under this Section 4(b) (together with any Late Charges thereon) may be converted, in whole or in part, by the Holder into Ordinary Shares pursuant to the terms of this Note. In the event of the Company’s redemption of any portion of this Note under this Section 4(b), the Holder’s damages would be uncertain and difficult to estimate because of the parties’ inability to predict future interest rates and the uncertainty of the availability of a suitable substitute investment opportunity for the Holder. Accordingly, any redemption premium due under this Section 4(b) is intended by the parties to be, and shall be deemed, a reasonable estimate of the Holder’s actual loss of its investment opportunity and not as a penalty. Any redemption upon an Event of Default shall not constitute an election of remedies by the Holder, and all other rights and remedies of the Holder shall be preserved.

 

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(c) Mandatory Redemption upon Bankruptcy Event of Default. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, and notwithstanding any conversion that is then required or in process, upon any Bankruptcy Event of Default, whether occurring prior to or following the Maturity Date, the Company shall immediately pay to the Holder an amount in cash representing (i) all outstanding Principal, Make-Whole Amount, accrued and unpaid Interest and accrued and unpaid Late Charges on such Principal, Make-Whole Amount and Interest, multiplied by (ii) the Redemption Premium, in addition to any and all other amounts due hereunder, without the requirement for any notice or demand or other action by the Holder or any other person or entity, provided that the Holder may, in its sole discretion, waive such right to receive payment upon a Bankruptcy Event of Default, in whole or in part, and any such waiver shall not affect any other rights of the Holder hereunder, including any other rights in respect of such Bankruptcy Event of Default, any right to conversion, and any right to payment of the Event of Default Redemption Price or any other Redemption Price, as applicable.

 

5. RIGHTS UPON FUNDAMENTAL TRANSACTION.

 

(a) Assumption. The Company shall not enter into or be party to a Fundamental Transaction unless (i) the Successor Entity assumes in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Note and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 5(a) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder prior to such Fundamental Transaction, including agreements to deliver to each holder of Notes in exchange for such Notes a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to the Notes, including, without limitation, having a principal amount and interest rate equal to the principal amounts then outstanding and the interest rates of the Notes held by such holder, having similar conversion rights as the Notes and having similar ranking and security to the Notes, and satisfactory to the Holder and (ii) the Successor Entity (including its Parent Entity) is a publicly traded corporation whose common equity is quoted on or listed for trading on an Eligible Market. Upon the occurrence of any Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Note and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Note and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein. Upon consummation of a Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall deliver to the Holder confirmation that there shall be issued upon conversion or redemption of this Note at any time after the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, in lieu of the Ordinary Shares (or other securities, cash, assets or other property (except such items still issuable under Sections 6 and 16, which shall continue to be receivable thereafter)) issuable upon the conversion or redemption of the Notes prior to such Fundamental Transaction, such shares of the publicly traded common equity (or their equivalent) of the Successor Entity (including its Parent Entity) which the Holder would have been entitled to receive upon the happening of such Fundamental Transaction had this Note been converted immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitations on the conversion of this Note), as adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Note. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Holder may elect, at its sole option, by delivery of written notice to the Company to waive this Section 5(a) to permit the Fundamental Transaction without the assumption of this Note. The provisions of this Section 5 shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the conversion of this Note.

 

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(b) Notice of a Change of Control; Redemption Right. No sooner than twenty (20) Trading Days nor later than ten (10) Trading Days prior to the consummation of a Change of Control (the “Change of Control Date”), but not prior to the public announcement of such Change of Control, the Company shall deliver written notice thereof via electronic mail and overnight courier to the Holder (a “Change of Control Notice”). At any time during the period beginning after the Holder’s receipt of a Change of Control Notice or the Holder becoming aware of a Change of Control if a Change of Control Notice is not delivered to the Holder in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence (as applicable) and ending on twenty (20) Trading Days after the later of (A) the date of consummation of such Change of Control or (B) the date of receipt of such Change of Control Notice or (C) the date of the announcement of such Change of Control, the Holder may require the Company to redeem all or any portion of this Note by delivering written notice thereof (“Change of Control Redemption Notice”) to the Company, which Change of Control Redemption Notice shall indicate the Conversion Amount the Holder is electing to redeem. The portion of this Note subject to redemption pursuant to this Section 5 shall be redeemed by the Company in cash at a price equal to the greatest of (i) the product of (w) the Change of Control Redemption Premium multiplied by (y) the Conversion Amount being redeemed, (ii) the product of (x) the Change of Control Redemption Premium multiplied by (y) the product of (A) the Conversion Amount being redeemed multiplied by (B) the quotient determined by dividing (I) the greatest Closing Sale Price of the Ordinary Shares during the period beginning on the date immediately preceding the earlier to occur of (1) the consummation of the applicable Change of Control and (2) the public announcement of such Change of Control and ending on the date the Holder delivers the Change of Control Redemption Notice by (II) the Conversion Price then in effect and (iii) the product of (y) the Change of Control Redemption Premium multiplied by (z) the product of (A) the Conversion Amount being redeemed multiplied by (B) the quotient of (I) the aggregate cash consideration and the aggregate cash value of any non-cash consideration per Ordinary Share to be paid to the holders of the Ordinary Shares upon consummation of such Change of Control (any such non-cash consideration constituting publicly-traded securities shall be valued at the highest of the Closing Sale Price of such securities as of the Trading Day immediately prior to the consummation of such Change of Control, the Closing Sale Price of such securities on the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of such proposed Change of Control and the Closing Sale Price of such securities on the Trading Day immediately prior to the public announcement of such proposed Change of Control) divided by (II) the Conversion Price then in effect (the “Change of Control Redemption Price”). Redemptions required by this Section 5 shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Section 13 and shall have priority to payments to shareholders in connection with such Change of Control. To the extent redemptions required by this Section 5(b) are deemed or determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be prepayments of this Note by the Company, such redemptions shall be deemed to be voluntary prepayments. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 5, but subject to Section 3(d), until the Change of Control Redemption Price (together with any Late Charges thereon) is paid in full, the Conversion Amount submitted for redemption under this Section 5(b) (together with any Late Charges thereon) may be converted, in whole or in part, by the Holder into Ordinary Shares pursuant to Section 3. In the event of the Company’s redemption of any portion of this Note under this Section 5(b), the Holder’s damages would be uncertain and difficult to estimate because of the parties’ inability to predict future interest rates and the uncertainty of the availability of a suitable substitute investment opportunity for the Holder. Accordingly, any redemption premium due under this Section 5(b) is intended by the parties to be, and shall be deemed, a reasonable estimate of the Holder’s actual loss of its investment opportunity and not as a penalty.

 

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(c) Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Election. Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to Section 3(d) above, solely to the extent no Equity Conditions Failure exists, if the Company has received a Change of Control Redemption Notice by the Holder, the Company may elect (each, a “Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Election”) by delivery of a written notice (each, a “Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Election Notice”, and such date, each a “Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Election Notice Date”) to the Holder within two (2) Trading Days of the Company’s receipt of such Change of Control Redemption Notice, in lieu of paying 25% of the applicable Change of Control Redemption Price (such applicable amount, each, a “Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Amount”) to the Holder in cash, the Company may require such Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Amount to be converted (each, a “Change of Control Mandatory Conversion”) into Ordinary Shares at the Alternate Conversion Price in effect as of the Trading Day immediately preceding the applicable Change of Control Date (the “Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Measuring Date”) (with such conversion of such Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Amount consummated pursuant to Section 3(c) (with “Alternate Conversion Price” replacing “Conversion Price” for all purposes hereunder with respect to such conversion) as if the Holder delivered a Conversion Notice with respect to an Alternate Conversion of such Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Amount to the Company on such Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Measuring Date); provided, that if at any time during the period commencing on such applicable Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Election Notice Date through, and including such applicable Change of Control Date, an Equity Conditions Failure occurs (which is not waived in writing by the Holder), the applicable Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Election Notice shall be automatically deemed null and void, ab initio, no Change of Control Mandatory Conversion shall occur with respect to such Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Amount and such Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Amount shall be satisfied by the Company on such Change of Control Date in cash in accordance with Section 5(b) above. The Company may only submit one Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Election Notice to the Holder with respect to any given Change of Control. Upon the delivery to the Holder of the Ordinary Shares with respect to a Change of Control Mandatory Conversion pursuant to this Section 5(c) and Section 3(c) above (but subject to compliance with Section 3(d) above), such applicable Change of Control Redemption Price shall be automatically deemed reduced by such Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Amount with respect thereto.

 

6. RIGHTS UPON ISSUANCE OF PURCHASE RIGHTS AND OTHER CORPORATE EVENTS.

 

(a) Purchase Rights. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 7 and 16 below, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Options, Convertible Securities or rights to purchase shares, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all or substantially all of the record holders of any class of Ordinary Shares (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete conversion of this Note (without taking into account any limitations or restrictions on the convertibility of this Note and assuming for such purpose that the Note was converted at the Alternate Conversion Price as of the applicable record date) immediately prior to the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder and the other Attribution Parties exceeding the Maximum Percentage, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to the extent of the Maximum Percentage (and shall not be entitled to beneficial ownership of such Ordinary Shares as a result of such Purchase Right (and beneficial ownership) to the extent of any such excess) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance (and, if such Purchase Right has an expiration date, maturity date or other similar provision, such term shall be extended by such number of days held in abeyance, if applicable) for the benefit of the Holder until such time or times, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder and the other Attribution Parties exceeding the Maximum Percentage, at which time or times the Holder shall be granted such right (and any Purchase Right granted, issued or sold on such initial Purchase Right or on any subsequent Purchase Right held similarly in abeyance (and, if such Purchase Right has an expiration date, maturity date or other similar provision, such term shall be extended by such number of days held in abeyance, if applicable)) to the same extent as if there had been no such limitation).

 

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(b) Other Corporate Events. In addition to and not in substitution for any other rights hereunder, prior to the consummation of any Fundamental Transaction pursuant to which holders of Ordinary Shares are entitled to receive securities or other assets with respect to or in exchange for Ordinary Shares (a “Corporate Event”), the Company shall make appropriate provision to ensure that the Holder will thereafter have the right to receive upon a conversion of this Note, at the Holder’s option (i) in addition to the Ordinary Shares receivable upon such conversion, such securities or other assets (the “Corporate Event Consideration”) to which the Holder would have been entitled with respect to such Ordinary Shares had such Ordinary Shares been held by the Holder upon the consummation of such Corporate Event (without taking into account any limitations or restrictions on the convertibility of this Note) or (ii) in lieu of the Ordinary Shares otherwise receivable upon such conversion, such securities or other assets received by the holders of Ordinary Shares in connection with the consummation of such Corporate Event in such amounts as the Holder would have been entitled to receive had this Note initially been issued with conversion rights for the form of such consideration (as opposed to Ordinary Shares) at a conversion rate for such consideration commensurate with the Conversion Rate. Provision made pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be in a form and substance satisfactory to the Holder. The provisions of this Section 6 shall apply similarly and equally to successive Corporate Events and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the conversion or redemption of this Note.

 

7. RIGHTS UPON ISSUANCE OF OTHER SECURITIES.

 

(a) Adjustment of Conversion Price upon Issuance of Ordinary Shares. If and whenever on or after the Subscription Date the Company grants, issues or sells (or enters into any agreement to grant, issue or sell), or in accordance with this Section 7(a) is deemed to have granted, issued or sold, any Ordinary Shares (including the granting, issuance or sale of Ordinary Shares owned or held by or for the account of the Company, but excluding any Excluded Securities granted, issued or sold or deemed to have been granted, issued or sold) for a consideration per share (the “New Issuance Price”) less than a price equal to the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such granting, issuance or sale or deemed granting, issuance or sale (such Conversion Price then in effect is referred to herein as the “Applicable Price”) (the foregoing a “Dilutive Issuance”), then, immediately after such Dilutive Issuance, the Conversion Price then in effect shall be reduced to an amount equal to the New Issuance Price. For all purposes of the foregoing (including, without limitation, determining the adjusted Conversion Price and the New Issuance Price under this Section 7(a)), the following shall be applicable:

 

(i) Issuance of Options. If the Company in any manner grants, issues or sells (or enters into any agreement to grant, issue or sell) any Options and the lowest price per share for which one Ordinary Share is at any time issuable upon the exercise of any such Option or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then such Ordinary Share shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the granting, issuance or sale of such Option for such price per share. For purposes of this Section 7(a)(i), the “lowest price per share for which one Ordinary Share is at any time issuable upon the exercise of any such Option or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof” shall be equal to (1) the lower of (x) the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to any one Ordinary Share upon the granting, issuance or sale of such Option, upon exercise of such Option and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Security issuable upon exercise of such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof and (y) the lowest exercise price set forth in such Option for which one Ordinary Share is issuable (or may become issuable assuming all possible market conditions) upon the exercise of any such Options or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof, minus (2) the sum of all amounts paid or payable to the holder of such Option (or any other Person) with respect to any one Ordinary Share upon the granting, issuance or sale of such Option, upon exercise of such Option and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Security issuable upon exercise of such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof plus the value of any other consideration (including, without limitation, consideration consisting of cash, debt forgiveness, assets or any other property) received or receivable by, or benefit conferred on, the holder of such Option (or any other Person). Except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Share or of such Convertible Securities upon the exercise of such Options or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof or upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Shares upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Convertible Securities.

 

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(ii) Issuance of Convertible Securities. If the Company in any manner issues or sells (or enters into any agreement to issue or sell) any Convertible Securities and the lowest price per share for which one Ordinary Share is at any time issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then such Ordinary Share shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the issuance or sale (or the time of execution of such agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of such Convertible Securities for such price per share. For the purposes of this Section 7(a)(i), the “lowest price per share for which one Ordinary Share is at any time issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof” shall be equal to (1) the lower of (x) the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to one Ordinary Share upon the issuance or sale (or pursuant to the agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of the Convertible Security and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Convertible Security or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof and (y) the lowest conversion price set forth in such Convertible Security for which one Ordinary Share is issuable (or may become issuable assuming all possible market conditions) upon conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof minus (2) the sum of all amounts paid or payable to the holder of such Convertible Security (or any other Person) with respect to any one Ordinary Share upon the issuance or sale (or the agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of such Convertible Security plus the value of any other consideration received or receivable (including, without limitation, any consideration consisting of cash, debt forgiveness, assets or other property) by, or benefit conferred on, the holder of such Convertible Security (or any other Person). Except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Shares upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Convertible Securities or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof, and if any such issuance or sale of such Convertible Securities is made upon exercise of any Options for which adjustment of the Conversion Price has been or is to be made pursuant to other provisions of this Section 7(a), except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made by reason of such issuance or sale.

 

(iii) Change in Option Price or Rate of Conversion. If the purchase or exercise price provided for in any Options, the additional consideration, if any, payable upon the issue, conversion, exercise or exchange of any Convertible Securities, or the rate at which any Convertible Securities are convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares increases or decreases at any time (other than proportional changes in conversion or exercise prices, as applicable, in connection with an event referred to in Section 7(b) below), the Conversion Price in effect at the time of such increase or decrease shall be adjusted to the Conversion Price which would have been in effect at such time had such Options or Convertible Securities provided for such increased or decreased purchase price, additional consideration or increased or decreased conversion rate (as the case may be) at the time initially granted, issued or sold. For purposes of this Section 7(a)(ii), if the terms of any Option or Convertible Security (including, without limitation, any Option or Convertible Security that was outstanding as of the Subscription Date) are increased or decreased in the manner described in the immediately preceding sentence, then such Option or Convertible Security and the Ordinary Shares deemed issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange thereof shall be deemed to have been issued as of the date of such increase or decrease. No adjustment pursuant to this Section 7(a) shall be made if such adjustment would result in an increase of the Conversion Price then in effect.

 

(iv) Calculation of Consideration Received. If any Option and/or Convertible Security and/or Adjustment Right is issued in connection with the issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale of any other securities of the Company (as determined by the Holder, the “Primary Security”, and such Option and/or Convertible Security and/or Adjustment Right, the “Secondary Securities”), together comprising one integrated transaction (or one or more transactions if such issuances or sales or deemed issuances or sales of securities of the Company either (A) have at least one investor or purchaser in common, (B) are consummated in reasonable proximity to each other and/or (C) are consummated under the same plan of financing), the aggregate consideration per Ordinary Share with respect to such Primary Security shall be deemed to be equal to the difference of (x) the lowest price per share for which one Ordinary Share was issued (or was deemed to be issued pursuant to Section 7(a)(i) or 7(a)(i) above, as applicable) in such integrated transaction solely with respect to such Primary Security, minus (y) with respect to such Secondary Securities, the sum of (I) the Black Scholes Consideration Value of each such Option, if any, (II) the fair market value (as determined by the Holder in good faith) or the Black Scholes Consideration Value, as applicable, of such Adjustment Right, if any, and (III) the fair market value (as determined by the Holder) of such Convertible Security, if any, in each case, as determined on a per share basis in accordance with this Section 7(a)(iii). If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities are issued or sold or deemed to have been issued or sold for cash, the consideration received therefor (for the purpose of determining the consideration paid for such Ordinary Shares, Option or Convertible Security, but not for the purpose of the calculation of the Black Scholes Consideration Value) will be deemed to be the net amount of consideration received by the Company therefor. If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities are issued or sold for a consideration other than cash, the amount of such consideration received by the Company (for the purpose of determining the consideration paid for such Ordinary Shares, Option or Convertible Security, but not for the purpose of the calculation of the Black Scholes Consideration Value) will be the fair value of such consideration, except where such consideration consists of publicly traded securities, in which case the amount of consideration received by the Company for such securities will be the arithmetic average of the VWAPs of such security for each of the five (5) Trading Days immediately preceding the date of receipt. If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities are issued to the owners of the non-surviving entity in connection with any merger in which the Company is the surviving entity, the amount of consideration therefor (for the purpose of determining the consideration paid for such Ordinary Shares, Option or Convertible Security, but not for the purpose of the calculation of the Black Scholes Consideration Value) will be deemed to be the fair value of such portion of the net assets and business of the non-surviving entity as is attributable to such Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities (as the case may be). The fair value of any consideration other than cash or publicly traded securities will be determined jointly by the Company and the Holder. If such parties are unable to reach agreement within ten (10) days after the occurrence of an event requiring valuation (the “Valuation Event”), the fair value of such consideration will be determined within five (5) Trading Days after the tenth (10th) day following such Valuation Event by an independent, reputable appraiser jointly selected by the Company and the Holder. The determination of such appraiser shall be final and binding upon all parties absent manifest error and the fees and expenses of such appraiser shall be borne by the Company.

 

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(v) Record Date. If the Company takes a record of the holders of Ordinary Shares for the purpose of entitling them (A) to receive a dividend or other distribution payable in Ordinary Shares, Options or in Convertible Securities or (B) to subscribe for or purchase Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities, then such record date will be deemed to be the date of the issuance or sale of the Ordinary Shares deemed to have been issued or sold upon the declaration of such dividend or the making of such other distribution or the date of the granting of such right of subscription or purchase (as the case may be).

 

(b) Adjustment of Conversion Price upon Subdivision or Combination of Ordinary Shares. Without limiting any provision of Section 6, Section 16 or Section 7(a), if the Company at any time on or after the Subscription Date subdivides (by any share split, share dividend, share combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction) one or more classes of its outstanding Ordinary Shares into a greater number of shares, the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such subdivision will be proportionately reduced. Without limiting any provision of Section 6, Section 16 or Section 7(a), if the Company at any time on or after the Subscription Date combines (by any share split, share dividend, share combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction) one or more classes of its outstanding Ordinary Shares into a smaller number of shares, the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such combination will be proportionately increased. Any adjustment pursuant to this Section 7(b) shall become effective immediately after the effective date of such subdivision or combination. If any event requiring an adjustment under this Section 7(b) occurs during the period that a Conversion Price is calculated hereunder, then the calculation of such Conversion Price shall be adjusted appropriately to reflect such event.

 

(c) Holder’s Right of Adjusted Conversion Price. In addition to and not in limitation of the other provisions of this Section 7, if the Company in any manner issues or sells or enters into any agreement to issue or sell, any Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities (any such securities, “Variable Price Securities”), after the Subscription Date that are issuable pursuant to such agreement or convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Ordinary Shares at a price which varies or may vary with the market price of the Ordinary Shares, including by way of one or more reset(s) to a fixed price, but exclusive of such formulations reflecting customary anti-dilution provisions (such as share splits, share combinations, share dividends and similar transactions) (each of the formulations for such variable price being herein referred to as, the “Variable Price”), the Company shall provide written notice thereof via electronic mail and overnight courier to the Holder on the date of such agreement and the issuance of such Ordinary Shares, Convertible Securities or Options. From and after the date the Company enters into such agreement or issues any such Variable Price Securities, the Holder shall have the right, but not the obligation, in its sole discretion to substitute the Variable Price for the Conversion Price upon conversion of this Note by designating in the Conversion Notice delivered upon any conversion of this Note that solely for purposes of such conversion the Holder is relying on the Variable Price rather than the Conversion Price then in effect. The Holder’s election to rely on a Variable Price for a particular conversion of this Note shall not obligate the Holder to rely on a Variable Price for any future conversion of this Note.

 

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(d) Share Combination Event Adjustments. If at any time and from time to time on or after the Subscription Date there occurs any share split, share dividend, share combination recapitalization or other similar transaction involving the Ordinary Shares (each, a “Share Combination Event”, and such date thereof, the “Share Combination Event Date”) and the Event Market Price is less than the Conversion Price then in effect (after giving effect to the adjustment in Section 7(b) above), then on the sixteenth (16th) Trading Day immediately following such Share Combination Event Date, the Conversion Price then in effect on such sixteenth (16th) Trading Day (after giving effect to the adjustment in Section 7(b) above) shall be reduced (but in no event increased) to the Event Market Price. For the avoidance of doubt, if the adjustment in the immediately preceding sentence would otherwise result in an increase in the Conversion Price hereunder, no adjustment shall be made.

 

(e) Other Events. In the event that the Company (or any Subsidiary) shall take any action to which the provisions hereof are not strictly applicable, or, if applicable, would not operate to protect the Holder from dilution or if any event occurs of the type contemplated by the provisions of this Section 7 but not expressly provided for by such provisions (including, without limitation, the granting of share appreciation rights, phantom share rights or other rights with equity features), then the Company’s board of directors shall in good faith determine and implement an appropriate adjustment in the Conversion Price so as to protect the rights of the Holder, provided that no such adjustment pursuant to this Section 7(e) will increase the Conversion Price as otherwise determined pursuant to this Section 7, provided further that if the Holder does not accept such adjustments as appropriately protecting its interests hereunder against such dilution, then the Company’s board of directors and the Holder shall agree, in good faith, upon an independent investment bank of nationally recognized standing to make such appropriate adjustments, whose determination shall be final and binding absent manifest error and whose fees and expenses shall be borne by the Company.

 

(f) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 7 shall be made by rounding to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as applicable. The number of Ordinary Shares outstanding at any given time shall not include shares owned or held by or for the account of the Company, and the disposition of any such shares shall be considered an issue or sale of Ordinary Shares.

 

(g) Voluntary Adjustment by Company. Subject to the rules and regulations of the Principal Market, the Company may at any time during the term of this Note, with the prior written consent of the Required Holders (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement), reduce the then current Conversion Price of each of the Notes to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the board of directors of the Company.

 

(h) Adjustment Dates. On each of (x) the initial Effective Date (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) of the initial Registration Statement (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) filed pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement (or, if earlier, the Applicable Date (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) (the “Initial Adjustment Date”)), and (y) on each three (3), six (6) and nine (9) month anniversary of the Initial Adjustment Date (each, an “Additional Adjustment Date”, and together with the Initial Adjustment Date, each an “Adjustment Date”), if the Conversion Price in effect on any such applicable Adjustment Date is less than the Market Price then in effect (each, an “Adjustment Measuring Price”), on such Adjustment Date, the Conversion Price shall automatically lower to such applicable Adjustment Measuring Price.

 

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8. REDEMPTIONS AT THE COMPANY’S ELECTION.

 

(a) Company Optional Redemption. At any time the Company shall have the right to redeem all, but not less than all, of the Conversion Amount then remaining under this Note (the “Company Optional Redemption Amount”) on the Company Optional Redemption Date (each as defined below) (a “Company Optional Redemption”). The portion of this Note subject to redemption pursuant to this Section 8(a) shall be redeemed by the Company in cash at a price (the “Company Optional Redemption Price”) equal to 130% of the greater of (i) the Conversion Amount being redeemed as of the Company Optional Redemption Date and (ii) the product of (1) the quotient of (A) the Conversion Amount being redeemed divided by (b) the Alternate Conversion Price then in effect as of the Company Optional Redemption Date multiplied by (2) the greatest Closing Sale Price of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the period commencing on the date immediately preceding such Company Optional Redemption Notice Date and ending on the Trading Day immediately prior to the date the Company makes the entire payment required to be made under this Section 8(a). The Company may exercise its right to require redemption under this Section 8(a) by delivering a written notice thereof by electronic mail and overnight courier to all, but not less than all, of the holders of Notes (the “Company Optional Redemption Notice” and the date all of the holders of Notes received such notice is referred to as the “Company Optional Redemption Notice Date”). The Company may deliver only one Company Optional Redemption Notice hereunder and such Company Optional Redemption Notice shall be irrevocable. The Company Optional Redemption Notice shall (x) state the date on which the Company Optional Redemption shall occur (the “Company Optional Redemption Date”) which date shall not be less than ten (10) Trading Days nor more than twenty (20) Trading Days following the Company Optional Redemption Notice Date, and (y) state the aggregate Conversion Amount of the Notes which is being redeemed in such Company Optional Redemption from the Holder and all of the other holders of the Notes pursuant to this Section 8(a) (and analogous provisions under the Other Notes) on the Company Optional Redemption Date. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, at any time prior to the date the Company Optional Redemption Price is paid, in full, the Company Optional Redemption Amount may be converted, in whole or in part, by the Holder into Ordinary Shares pursuant to Section 3. All Conversion Amounts converted by the Holder after the Company Optional Redemption Notice Date shall reduce the Company Optional Redemption Amount of this Note required to be redeemed on the Company Optional Redemption Date. Redemptions made pursuant to this Section 8(a) shall be made in accordance with Section 13. In the event of the Company’s redemption of any portion of this Note under this Section 8(a), the Holder’s damages would be uncertain and difficult to estimate because of the parties’ inability to predict future interest rates and the uncertainty of the availability of a suitable substitute investment opportunity for the Holder. Accordingly, any redemption premium due under this Section 8(a) is intended by the parties to be, and shall be deemed, a reasonable estimate of the Holder’s actual loss of its investment opportunity and not as a penalty. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company shall have no right to effect a Company Optional Redemption if any Event of Default has occurred and continuing, but any Event of Default shall have no effect upon the Holder’s right to convert this Note in its discretion.

 

(b) Pro Rata Redemption Requirement. If the Company elects to cause a Company Optional Redemption of this Note pursuant to Section 8(a), then it must simultaneously take the same action with respect to all of the Other Notes.

 

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9. SUBSEQUENT PLACEMENT OPTIONAL REDEMPTION

 

(a) General. At any time from and after the earlier of (x) the date the Holder becomes aware of the occurrence of a Subsequent Placement (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) (the “Holder Notice Date”) and (y) the time of consummation of a Subsequent Placement (in each case, other than with respect to Excluded Securities (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement)) (each, an “Eligible Subsequent Placement”), the Holder shall have the right, in its sole discretion, to require that the Company redeem (each an “Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption”) all, or any portion, of the Conversion Amount under this Note not in excess of (together with any Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Amount (as defined in the applicable other Note of the Holder) of any other Notes of the Holder) the Holder’s Holder Pro Rata Amount of [25]% of the gross proceeds of such Eligible Subsequent Placement (the “Eligible Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Amount”) by delivering written notice thereof (an “Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Notice”) to the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon the written request of the Holder, the Company shall permit the Holder to participate in such Subsequent Placement and the Company shall apply all, or any part, as set forth in such written request, of any amounts that would otherwise be payable to the Holder in such Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, against the purchase price of the securities to be purchased by the Holder in such Eligible Subsequent Placement (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall not be less than securities with a purchase price equal to the portion of the Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Amount the Holder elects to apply against thereto).

 

(b) Mechanics. Each Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Notice shall indicate that all, or such applicable portion, as set forth in the applicable Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Notice, of the Eligible Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Amount the Holder is electing to have redeemed (the “Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Amount”) and the date of such Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption (the “Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Date”), which shall be the later of (x) the fifth (5th) Business Day after the date of the applicable Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Notice and (y) the date of the consummation of such Eligible Subsequent Placement. The portion of the Conversion Amount of this Note subject to redemption pursuant to this Section 9 shall be redeemed by the Company in cash at a price equal to [110]% of the greater of (i) the Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Amount being redeemed as of the Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Date and (ii) the product of (1) the quotient of (A) the Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Amount being redeemed divided by (b) the Alternate Conversion Price then in effect as of the Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Date multiplied by (2) the greatest Closing Sale Price of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the period commencing on the date immediately preceding such Company Optional Redemption Notice Date and ending on the Trading Day immediately prior to the date the Company makes the entire payment required to be made under this Section 9 (the “Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Price”). Redemptions required by this Section 9 shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Section 13.

 

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10. ASSET SALE OPTIONAL REDEMPTION

 

(a) General. At any time from and after the earlier of (x) the date the Holder becomes aware of the occurrence of an Asset Sale (including any insurance and condemnation proceeds thereof) (the “Holder Notice Date”) and (y) the time of consummation of an Asset Sale (other than sales of inventory and product in the ordinary course of business or Permitted Sales) (each, an “Eligible Asset Sale”), the Holder shall have the right, in its sole discretion, to require that the Company redeem (each an “Asset Sale Optional Redemption”) all, or any portion, of the Conversion Amount under this Note not in excess of (together with any Asset Sale Optional Redemption Amount (as defined in the applicable other Note of the Holder) of any other Notes of the Holder) the Holder’s Holder Pro Rata Amount of 20% of the gross proceeds (including any insurance and condemnation proceeds with respect thereto) of such Eligible Asset Sale (the “Eligible Asset Sale Optional Redemption Amount”) by delivering written notice thereof (an “Asset Sale Optional Redemption Notice”) to the Company.

 

(b) Mechanics. Each Asset Sale Optional Redemption Notice shall indicate that all, or such applicable portion, as set forth in the applicable Asset Sale Optional Redemption Notice, of the Eligible Asset Sale Optional Redemption Amount the Holder is electing to have redeemed (the “Asset Sale Optional Redemption Amount”) and the date of such Asset Sale Optional Redemption (the “Asset Sale Optional Redemption Date”), which shall be the later of (x) the fifth (5th) Business Day after the date of the applicable Asset Sale Optional Redemption Notice and (y) the date of the consummation of such Eligible Asset Sale. The portion of the Conversion Amount of this Note subject to redemption pursuant to this Section 10 shall be redeemed by the Company in cash at a price equal to [110]% of the greater of (i) the Asset Sale Optional Redemption Amount being redeemed as of the Asset Sale Optional Redemption Date and (ii) the product of (1) the quotient of (A) the Asset Sale Optional Redemption Amount being redeemed divided by (b) the Alternate Conversion Price then in effect as of the Asset Sale Optional Redemption Date multiplied by (2) the greatest Closing Sale Price of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the period commencing on the date immediately preceding such Company Optional Redemption Notice Date and ending on the Trading Day immediately prior to the date the Company makes the entire payment required to be made under this Section 10 (the “Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Price”). (the “Asset Sale Optional Redemption Price”). Redemptions required by this Section 10 shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Section 13.

 

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11. NONCIRCUMVENTION. The Company hereby covenants and agrees that the Company will not, by amendment of its Articles of Association (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement), Memorandum of Association (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, scheme of arrangement, dissolution, issue or sale of securities, or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Note, and will at all times in good faith carry out all of the provisions of this Note and take all action as may be required to protect the rights of the Holder of this Note. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing or any other provision of this Note or the other Transaction Documents, the Company (a) shall not increase the par value of any Ordinary Shares receivable upon conversion of this Note above the Conversion Price then in effect, and (b) shall take all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Ordinary Shares upon the conversion of this Note. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if after the sixty (60) calendar day anniversary of the Issuance Date, the Holder is not permitted to convert this Note in full for any reason (other than pursuant to restrictions set forth in Section 3(d) hereof), the Company shall use its best efforts to promptly remedy such failure, including, without limitation, obtaining such consents or approvals as necessary to permit such conversion into Ordinary Shares.

 

12. RESERVATION OF AUTHORIZED SHARES.

 

(a) Reservation. So long as any Notes remain outstanding, the Company shall at all times reserve at least 300% of the number of Ordinary Shares as shall from time to time be necessary to effect the conversion, including without limitation, Alternate Conversions, of all of the Notes then outstanding (without regard to any limitations on conversions and assuming such Notes remain outstanding until the Maturity Date) at the Alternate Conversion Price then in effect (the “Required Reserve Amount”). The Required Reserve Amount (including, without limitation, each increase in the number of shares so reserved) shall be allocated pro rata among the holders of the Notes based on the original principal amount of the Notes held by each holder on the Closing Date or increase in the number of reserved shares, as the case may be (the “Authorized Share Allocation”). In the event that a holder shall sell or otherwise transfer any of such holder’s Notes, each transferee shall be allocated a pro rata portion of such holder’s Authorized Share Allocation. Any Ordinary Shares reserved and allocated to any Person which ceases to hold any Notes shall be allocated to the remaining holders of Notes, pro rata based on the principal amount of the Notes then held by such holders.

 

(b) Insufficient Authorized Shares. If, notwithstanding Section 12(a), and not in limitation thereof, at any time while any of the Notes remain outstanding the Company does not have a sufficient number of authorized and unreserved Ordinary Shares to satisfy its obligation to reserve for issuance upon conversion of the Notes at least a number of Ordinary Shares equal to the Required Reserve Amount (an “Authorized Share Failure”), then the Company shall immediately take all action necessary to increase the Company’s authorized Ordinary Shares to an amount sufficient to allow the Company to reserve the Required Reserve Amount for the Notes then outstanding. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing sentence, as soon as practicable after the date of the occurrence of an Authorized Share Failure, but in no event later than sixty (60) days after the occurrence of such Authorized Share Failure, the Company shall hold a meeting of its shareholders for the approval of an increase in the number of authorized Ordinary Shares. In connection with such meeting, the Company shall provide each shareholder with a proxy statement and shall use its best efforts to solicit its shareholders’ approval of such increase in authorized Ordinary Shares and to cause its board of directors to recommend to the shareholders that they approve such proposal. In the event that the Company is prohibited from issuing Ordinary Shares pursuant to the terms of this Note due to the failure by the Company to have sufficient Ordinary Shares available out of the authorized but unissued Ordinary Shares (such unavailable number of Ordinary Shares, the “Authorized Failure Shares”), in lieu of delivering such Authorized Failure Shares to the Holder, the Company shall pay cash in exchange for the redemption of such portion of the Conversion Amount convertible into such Authorized Failure Shares at a price equal to the sum of (i) the product of (x) such number of Authorized Failure Shares and (y) the greatest Closing Sale Price of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the period commencing on the date the Holder delivers the applicable Conversion Notice with respect to such Authorized Failure Shares to the Company and ending on the date of such issuance and payment under this Section 12(a); and (ii) to the extent the Holder purchases (in an open market transaction or otherwise) Ordinary Shares to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of Authorized Failure Shares, any brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any, of the Holder incurred in connection therewith. Nothing contained in Section 12(a) or this Section 12(b) shall limit any obligations of the Company under any provision of the Securities Purchase Agreement.

 

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13. REDEMPTIONS.

 

(a) Mechanics. The Company shall deliver the applicable Event of Default Redemption Price to the Holder in cash within five (5) Business Days after the Company’s receipt of the Holder’s Event of Default Redemption Notice. If the Holder has submitted a Change of Control Redemption Notice in accordance with Section 5(b), the Company shall deliver the applicable Change of Control Redemption Price to the Holder in cash concurrently with the consummation of such Change of Control if such notice is received prior to the consummation of such Change of Control and within five (5) Business Days after the Company’s receipt of such notice otherwise. The Company shall deliver the applicable Company Optional Redemption Price to the Holder in cash on the applicable Company Optional Redemption Date. The Company shall deliver the applicable Asset Sale Optional Redemption Price to the Holder in cash on the applicable Asset Sale Optional Redemption Date. The Company shall deliver the applicable Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Price to the Holder in cash on the applicable Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Date. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in connection with any redemption hereunder at a time the Holder is entitled to receive a cash payment under any of the other Transaction Documents, at the option of the Holder delivered in writing to the Company, the applicable Redemption Price hereunder shall be increased by the amount of such cash payment owed to the Holder under such other Transaction Document and, upon payment in full or conversion in accordance herewith, shall satisfy the Company’s payment obligation under such other Transaction Document. In the event of a redemption of less than all of the Conversion Amount of this Note, the Company shall promptly cause to be issued and delivered to the Holder a new Note (in accordance with Section 19(d)) representing the outstanding Principal which has not been redeemed. In the event that the Company does not pay the applicable Redemption Price to the Holder within the time period required, at any time thereafter and until the Company pays such unpaid Redemption Price in full, the Holder shall have the option, in lieu of redemption, to require the Company to promptly return to the Holder all or any portion of this Note representing the Conversion Amount that was submitted for redemption and for which the applicable Redemption Price (together with any Late Charges thereon) has not been paid. Upon the Company’s receipt of such notice, (x) the applicable Redemption Notice shall be null and void with respect to such Conversion Amount, (y) the Company shall immediately return this Note, or issue a new Note (in accordance with Section 19(d)), to the Holder, and in each case the principal amount of this Note or such new Note (as the case may be) shall be increased by an amount equal to the difference between (1) the applicable Redemption Price (as the case may be, and as adjusted pursuant to this Section 13, if applicable) minus (2) the Principal portion of the Conversion Amount submitted for redemption and (z) the Conversion Price of this Note or such new Notes (as the case may be) shall be automatically adjusted with respect to each conversion effected thereafter by the Holder to the lowest of (A) the Conversion Price as in effect on the date on which the applicable Redemption Notice is voided, (B) 75% of the lowest Closing Bid Price of the Ordinary Shares during the period beginning on and including the date on which the applicable Redemption Notice is delivered to the Company and ending on and including the date on which the applicable Redemption Notice is voided and (C) 75% of the quotient of (I) the sum of the five (5) lowest VWAPs of the Ordinary Shares during the twenty (20) consecutive Trading Day period ending and including the applicable Conversion Date divided by (II) five (5) (it being understood and agreed that all such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any share dividend, share split, share combination or other similar transaction during such period). The Holder’s delivery of a notice voiding a Redemption Notice and exercise of its rights following such notice shall not affect the Company’s obligations to make any payments of Late Charges which have accrued prior to the date of such notice with respect to the Conversion Amount subject to such notice.

 

(b) Redemption by Other Holders. Upon the Company’s receipt of notice from any of the holders of the Other Notes for redemption or repayment as a result of an event or occurrence substantially similar to the events or occurrences described in Section 4(b) or Section 5(b) (each, an “Other Redemption Notice”), the Company shall immediately, but no later than one (1) Business Day of its receipt thereof, forward to the Holder by electronic mail a copy of such notice. If the Company receives a Redemption Notice and one or more Other Redemption Notices, during the seven (7) Business Day period beginning on and including the date which is two (2) Business Days prior to the Company’s receipt of the Holder’s applicable Redemption Notice and ending on and including the date which is two (2) Business Days after the Company’s receipt of the Holder’s applicable Redemption Notice and the Company is unable to redeem all principal, make-whole amount, interest and other amounts designated in such Redemption Notice and such Other Redemption Notices received during such seven (7) Business Day period, then the Company shall redeem a pro rata amount from each holder of the Notes (including the Holder) based on the principal amount of the Notes submitted for redemption pursuant to such Redemption Notice and such Other Redemption Notices received by the Company during such seven (7) Business Day period.

 

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14. VOTING RIGHTS. The Holder shall have no voting rights as the holder of this Note, except as required by law (including, without limitation, the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004) and as expressly provided in this Note.

 

15. COVENANTS. Until all of the Notes have been converted, redeemed or otherwise satisfied in accordance with their terms:

 

(a) Rank. All payments due under this Note (a) shall rank pari passu with all Other Notes and (b) shall be senior to all other Indebtedness of the Company and its Subsidiaries.

 

(b) Incurrence of Indebtedness. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to not, directly or indirectly, incur or guarantee, assume or suffer to exist any Indebtedness (other than (i) the Indebtedness evidenced by this Note and the Other Notes and (ii) other Permitted Indebtedness).

 

(c) Existence of Liens. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to not, directly or indirectly, allow or suffer to exist any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or other encumbrance upon or in any property or assets (including accounts and contract rights) owned by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (collectively, “Liens”) other than Permitted Liens.

 

(d) Restricted Payments and Investments. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to not, directly or indirectly, redeem, defease, repurchase, repay or make any payments in respect of, by the payment of cash or cash equivalents (in whole or in part, whether by way of open market purchases, tender offers, private transactions or otherwise), all or any portion of any Indebtedness (other than the Notes) whether by way of payment in respect of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on, such Indebtedness or make any Investment, as applicable, if at the time such payment with respect to such Indebtedness and/or Investment, as applicable, is due or is otherwise made or, after giving effect to such payment, (i) an event constituting an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or (ii) an event that with the passage of time and without being cured would constitute an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.

 

(e) Restriction on Redemption and Cash Dividends. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to not, directly or indirectly, redeem, repurchase or declare or pay any cash dividend or distribution on any of its shares.

 

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(f) Restriction on Transfer of Assets. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to not, directly or indirectly, sell, lease, license, assign, transfer, spin-off, split-off, close, convey or otherwise dispose of any assets or rights of the Company or any Subsidiary owned or hereafter acquired whether in a single transaction or a series of related transactions (each, an “Asset Sale”), other than (i) sales, leases, licenses, assignments, transfers, conveyances and other dispositions of such assets or rights by the Company and its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business consistent with its past practice, (ii) sales of inventory and product in the ordinary course of business and (iii) Permitted Sales.

 

(g) Maturity of Indebtedness. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to not, directly or indirectly, permit any Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to mature or accelerate prior to the Maturity Date.

 

(h) Change in Nature of Business.  The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to not, directly or indirectly, engage in any material line of business substantially different from those lines of business conducted by or publicly contemplated to be conducted by the Company and each of its Subsidiaries on the Subscription Date or any business substantially related or incidental thereto, other than in the course of Announced Transactions. The Company shall not, and the Company shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to not, directly or indirectly, modify its or their corporate structure or purpose.

 

(i) Preservation of Existence, Etc. The Company shall maintain and preserve, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to maintain and preserve, its existence, rights and privileges, and become or remain, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to become or remain, duly qualified and in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the character of the properties owned or leased by it or in which the transaction of its business makes such qualification necessary.

 

(j) Maintenance of Properties, Etc. The Company shall maintain and preserve, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to maintain and preserve, all of its properties which are necessary or useful in the proper conduct of its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted, and comply, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to comply, at all times with the provisions of all leases to which it is a party as lessee or under which it occupies property, so as to prevent any loss or forfeiture thereof or thereunder.

 

(k) Maintenance of Intellectual Property. The Company will, and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to, take all action necessary or advisable to maintain all of the Intellectual Property Rights (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) of the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries that are necessary or material to the conduct of its business in full force and effect.

 

(l) Maintenance of Insurance. The Company shall maintain, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to maintain, insurance with responsible and reputable insurance companies or associations (including, without limitation, comprehensive general liability, hazard, rent and business interruption insurance) with respect to its properties (including all real properties leased or owned by it) and business, in such amounts and covering such risks as is required by any governmental authority having jurisdiction with respect thereto or as is carried generally in accordance with sound business practice by companies in similar businesses similarly situated.

 

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(m) Transactions with Affiliates. The Company shall not, nor shall it permit any of its Subsidiaries to, enter into, renew, extend or be a party to, any transaction or series of related transactions (including, without limitation, the purchase, sale, lease, transfer or exchange of property or assets of any kind or the rendering of services of any kind) with any affiliate, except transactions in the ordinary course of business in a manner and to an extent consistent with past practice and necessary or desirable for the prudent operation of its business, for fair consideration and on terms no less favorable to it or its Subsidiaries than would be obtainable in a comparable arm’s length transaction with a Person that is not an affiliate thereof.

 

(n) Restricted Issuances. The Company shall not, directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, (i) issue any Notes (other than as contemplated by the Securities Purchase Agreement and the Notes) or (ii) issue any other securities that would cause a breach or default under the Notes or the Warrants.

 

(o) Stay, Extension and Usury Laws. To the extent that it may lawfully do so, the Company (A) agrees that it will not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law (wherever or whenever enacted or in force) that may affect the covenants or the performance of this Note; and (B) expressly waives all benefits or advantages of any such law and agrees that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power granted to the Holder by this Note, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.

 

(p) Taxes. The Company and its Subsidiaries shall pay when due all taxes, fees or other charges of any nature whatsoever (together with any related interest or penalties) now or hereafter imposed or assessed against the Company and its Subsidiaries or their respective assets or upon their ownership, possession, use, operation or disposition thereof or upon their rents, receipts or earnings arising therefrom (except where the failure to pay would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on the Company or any of its Subsidiaries). The Company and its Subsidiaries shall file on or before the due date therefor all personal property tax returns (except where the failure to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on the Company or any of its Subsidiaries). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company and its Subsidiaries may contest, in good faith and by appropriate proceedings, taxes for which they maintain adequate reserves therefor in accordance with GAAP.

 

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(q) Independent Investigation. At the request of the Holder either (x) at any time when an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, (y) upon the occurrence of an event that with the passage of time or giving of notice would constitute an Event of Default or (z) at any time the Holder reasonably believes an Event of Default may have occurred or be continuing, the Company shall hire an independent, reputable investment bank selected by the Company and approved by the Holder to investigate as to whether any breach of this Note has occurred (the “Independent Investigator”). If the Independent Investigator determines that such breach of this Note has occurred, the Independent Investigator shall notify the Company of such breach and the Company shall deliver written notice to each holder of a Note of such breach. In connection with such investigation, the Independent Investigator may, during normal business hours, inspect all contracts, books, records, personnel, offices and other facilities and properties of the Company and its Subsidiaries and, to the extent available to the Company after the Company uses reasonable efforts to obtain them, the records of its legal advisors and accountants (including the accountants’ work papers) and any books of account, records, reports and other papers not contractually required of the Company to be confidential or secret, or subject to attorney-client or other evidentiary privilege, and the Independent Investigator may make such copies and inspections thereof as the Independent Investigator may reasonably request. The Company shall furnish the Independent Investigator with such financial and operating data and other information with respect to the business and properties of the Company as the Independent Investigator may reasonably request. The Company shall permit the Independent Investigator to discuss the affairs, finances and accounts of the Company with, and to make proposals and furnish advice with respect thereto to, the Company’s officers, directors, key employees and independent public accountants or any of them (and by this provision the Company authorizes said accountants to discuss with such Independent Investigator the finances and affairs of the Company and any Subsidiaries), all at such reasonable times, upon reasonable notice, and as often as may be reasonably requested.

 

16. DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Sections 6 and 7, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distributions of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to any or all holders of Ordinary Shares, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including without limitation, any distribution of cash, shares or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (the “Distributions”), then the Holder will be entitled to such Distributions as if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete conversion of this Note (without taking into account any limitations or restrictions on the convertibility of this Note and assuming for such purpose that the Note was converted at the Alternate Conversion Price as of the applicable record date) immediately prior to the date on which a record is taken for such Distribution or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for such Distributions (provided, however, that to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder and the other Attribution Parties exceeding the Maximum Percentage, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the extent of the Maximum Percentage (and shall not be entitled to beneficial ownership of such Ordinary Shares as a result of such Distribution (and beneficial ownership) to the extent of any such excess) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time or times, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder and the other Attribution Parties exceeding the Maximum Percentage, at which time or times the Holder shall be granted such Distribution (and any Distributions declared or made on such initial Distribution or on any subsequent Distribution held similarly in abeyance) to the same extent as if there had been no such limitation).

 

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17. AMENDING THE TERMS OF THIS NOTE. Except for Section 3(d), which may not be amended, modified or waived by the parties hereto, the prior written consent of the Holder shall be required for any change, waiver or amendment to this Note.

 

18. TRANSFER. This Note and any Ordinary Shares issued upon conversion of this Note may be offered, sold, assigned or transferred by the Holder without the consent of the Company, subject only to the provisions of Section 2(g) of the Securities Purchase Agreement.

 

19. REISSUANCE OF THIS NOTE.

 

(a) Transfer. If this Note is to be transferred, the Holder shall surrender this Note to the Company, whereupon the Company will forthwith issue and deliver upon the order of the Holder a new Note (in accordance with Section 19(d)), registered as the Holder may request, representing the outstanding Principal being transferred by the Holder and, if less than the entire outstanding Principal is being transferred, a new Note (in accordance with Section 19(d)) to the Holder representing the outstanding Principal not being transferred. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Note, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of Section 3(c)(iii) following conversion or redemption of any portion of this Note, the outstanding Principal represented by this Note may be less than the Principal stated on the face of this Note.

 

(b) Lost, Stolen or Mutilated Note. Upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Note (as to which a written certification and the indemnification contemplated below shall suffice as such evidence), and, in the case of loss, theft or destruction, of any indemnification undertaking by the Holder to the Company in customary and reasonable form and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of this Note, the Company shall execute and deliver to the Holder a new Note (in accordance with Section 19(d)) representing the outstanding Principal.

 

(c) Note Exchangeable for Different Denominations. This Note is exchangeable, upon the surrender hereof by the Holder at the principal office of the Company, for a new Note or Notes (in accordance with Section 19(d) and in principal amounts of at least $1,000) representing in the aggregate the outstanding Principal of this Note, and each such new Note will represent such portion of such outstanding Principal as is designated by the Holder at the time of such surrender.

 

(d) Issuance of New Notes. Whenever the Company is required to issue a new Note pursuant to the terms of this Note, such new Note (i) shall be of like tenor with this Note, (ii) shall represent, as indicated on the face of such new Note, the Principal remaining outstanding (or in the case of a new Note being issued pursuant to Section 19(a) or Section 19(c), the Principal designated by the Holder which, when added to the principal represented by the other new Notes issued in connection with such issuance, does not exceed the Principal remaining outstanding under this Note immediately prior to such issuance of new Notes), (iii) shall have an issuance date, as indicated on the face of such new Note, which is the same as the Issuance Date of this Note, (iv) shall have the same rights and conditions as this Note, and (v) shall represent accrued and unpaid Make-Whole Amount, Interest and Late Charges on the Principal, Make-Whole Amount and Interest of this Note, from the Issuance Date.

 

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20. REMEDIES, CHARACTERIZATIONS, OTHER OBLIGATIONS, BREACHES AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF. The remedies provided in this Note shall be cumulative and in addition to all other remedies available under this Note and any of the other Transaction Documents at law or in equity (including a decree of specific performance and/or other injunctive relief), and nothing herein shall limit the Holder’s right to pursue actual and consequential damages for any failure by the Company to comply with the terms of this Note. No failure on the part of the Holder to exercise, and no delay in exercising, any right, power or remedy hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise by the Holder of any right, power or remedy preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or remedy. In addition, the exercise of any right or remedy of the Holder at law or equity or under this Note or any of the documents shall not be deemed to be an election of Holder’s rights or remedies under such documents or at law or equity. The Company covenants to the Holder that there shall be no characterization concerning this instrument other than as expressly provided herein. Amounts set forth or provided for herein with respect to payments, conversion and the like (and the computation thereof) shall be the amounts to be received by the Holder and shall not, except as expressly provided herein, be subject to any other obligation of the Company (or the performance thereof). The Company acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the Holder and that the remedy at law for any such breach may be inadequate. The Company therefore agrees that, in the event of any such breach or threatened breach, the Holder shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to specific performance and/or temporary, preliminary and permanent injunctive or other equitable relief from any court of competent jurisdiction in any such case without the necessity of proving actual damages and without posting a bond or other security. The Company shall provide all information and documentation to the Holder that is requested by the Holder to enable the Holder to confirm the Company’s compliance with the terms and conditions of this Note (including, without limitation, compliance with Section 7).

 

21. PAYMENT OF COLLECTION, ENFORCEMENT AND OTHER COSTS. If (a) this Note is placed in the hands of an attorney for collection or enforcement or is collected or enforced through any legal proceeding or the Holder otherwise takes action to collect amounts due under this Note or to enforce the provisions of this Note or (b) there occurs any bankruptcy, reorganization, receivership of the Company or other proceedings affecting Company creditors’ rights and involving a claim under this Note, then the Company shall pay the costs incurred by the Holder for such collection, enforcement or action or in connection with such bankruptcy, reorganization, receivership or other proceeding, including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees and disbursements. The Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that no amounts due under this Note shall be affected, or limited, by the fact that the purchase price paid for this Note was less than the original Principal amount hereof.

 

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22. CONSTRUCTION; HEADINGS. This Note shall be deemed to be jointly drafted by the Company and the initial Holder and shall not be construed against any such Person as the drafter hereof. The headings of this Note are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Note. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, each pronoun herein shall be deemed to include the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular and plural forms thereof. The terms “including,” “includes,” “include” and words of like import shall be construed broadly as if followed by the words “without limitation.” The terms “herein,” “hereunder,” “hereof” and words of like import refer to this entire Note instead of just the provision in which they are found. Unless expressly indicated otherwise, all section references are to sections of this Note. Terms used in this Note and not otherwise defined herein, but defined in the other Transaction Documents, shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms on the Closing Date in such other Transaction Documents unless otherwise consented to in writing by the Holder.

 

23. FAILURE OR INDULGENCE NOT WAIVER. No failure or delay on the part of the Holder in the exercise of any power, right or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right, power or privilege. No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by an authorized representative of the waiving party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained in this Section 23 shall permit any waiver of any provision of Section 3(d).

 

24. DISPUTE RESOLUTION.

 

(a) Submission to Dispute Resolution.

 

(i) In the case of a dispute relating to a Closing Bid Price, a Closing Sale Price, a Conversion Price, an Alternate Conversion Price, a Black-Scholes Consideration Value, a VWAP or a fair market value or the arithmetic calculation of a Conversion Rate or the applicable Redemption Price (as the case may be) (including, without limitation, a dispute relating to the determination of any of the foregoing), the Company or the Holder (as the case may be) shall submit the dispute to the other party via electronic mail (A) if by the Company, within two (2) Business Days after the occurrence of the circumstances giving rise to such dispute or (B) if by the Holder at any time after the Holder learned of the circumstances giving rise to such dispute. If the Holder and the Company are unable to promptly resolve such dispute relating to such Closing Bid Price, such Closing Sale Price, such Conversion Price, such Alternate Conversion Price, such Black-Scholes Consideration Value, such VWAP or such fair market value, or the arithmetic calculation of such Conversion Rate or such applicable Redemption Price (as the case may be), at any time after the second (2nd) Business Day following such initial notice by the Company or the Holder (as the case may be) of such dispute to the Company or the Holder (as the case may be), then the Holder may, at its sole option, select an independent, reputable investment bank reasonably acceptable to the Company (so long as such consent or approval by the Company is not unreasonably or untimely delayed) to resolve such dispute.

 

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(ii) The Holder and the Company shall each deliver to such investment bank (A) a copy of the initial dispute submission so delivered in accordance with the first sentence of this Section 24 and (B) written documentation supporting its position with respect to such dispute, in each case, no later than 5:00 p.m. (New York time) by the fifth (5th) Business Day immediately following the date on which the Holder selected such investment bank (the “Dispute Submission Deadline”) (the documents referred to in the immediately preceding clauses (A) and (B) are collectively referred to herein as the “Required Dispute Documentation”) (it being understood and agreed that if either the Holder or the Company fails to so deliver all of the Required Dispute Documentation by the Dispute Submission Deadline, then the party who fails to so submit all of the Required Dispute Documentation shall no longer be entitled to (and hereby waives its right to) deliver or submit any written documentation or other support to such investment bank with respect to such dispute and such investment bank shall resolve such dispute based solely on the Required Dispute Documentation that was delivered to such investment bank prior to the Dispute Submission Deadline). Unless otherwise agreed to in writing by both the Company and the Holder or otherwise requested by such investment bank, neither the Company nor the Holder shall be entitled to deliver or submit any written documentation or other support to such investment bank in connection with such dispute (other than the Required Dispute Documentation).

 

(iii) The Company and the Holder shall cause such investment bank to determine the resolution of such dispute and notify the Company and the Holder of such resolution no later than ten (10) Business Days immediately following the Dispute Submission Deadline. The fees and expenses of such investment bank shall be borne solely by the Company, and such investment bank’s resolution of such dispute shall be final and binding upon all parties absent manifest error.

 

(b) Miscellaneous. The Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) this Section 24 constitutes an agreement to arbitrate between the Company and the Holder (and constitutes an arbitration agreement) under the Delaware Rapid Arbitration Act, as amended, (ii) a dispute relating to a Conversion Price includes, without limitation, disputes as to (A) whether an issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale of Ordinary Shares occurred under Section 7(a), (B) the consideration per share at which an issuance or deemed issuance of Ordinary Shares occurred, (C) whether any issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale of Ordinary Shares was an issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale of Excluded Securities, (D) whether an agreement, instrument, security or the like constitutes and Option or Convertible Security and (E) whether a Dilutive Issuance occurred, (iii) the terms of this Note and each other applicable Transaction Document shall serve as the basis for the selected investment bank’s resolution of the applicable dispute, such investment bank shall be entitled (and is hereby expressly authorized) to make all findings, determinations and the like that such investment bank determines are required to be made by such investment bank in connection with its resolution of such dispute and in resolving such dispute such investment bank shall apply such findings, determinations and the like to the terms of this Note and any other applicable Transaction Documents, (iv) the Holder (and only the Holder), in its sole discretion, shall have the right to submit any dispute described in this Section 24 to any state or federal court sitting in Wilmington, Delaware in lieu of utilizing the procedures set forth in this Section 24 and (v) nothing in this Section 24 shall limit the Holder from obtaining any injunctive relief or other equitable remedies (including, without limitation, with respect to any matters described in this Section 24).

 

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25. NOTICES; CURRENCY; PAYMENTS.

 

(a) Notices. Whenever notice is required to be given under this Note, unless otherwise provided herein, such notice shall be given in accordance with Section 9(f) of the Securities Purchase Agreement. The Company shall provide the Holder with prompt written notice of all actions taken pursuant to this Note, including in reasonable detail a description of such action and the reason therefore. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will give written notice to the Holder (i) immediately upon any adjustment of the Conversion Price, setting forth in reasonable detail, and certifying, the calculation of such adjustment and (ii) at least fifteen (15) days prior to the date on which the Company closes its books or takes a record (A) with respect to any dividend or distribution upon the Ordinary Shares, (B) with respect to any grant, issuances, or sales of any Options, Convertible Securities or rights to purchase shares, warrants, securities or other property to holders of Ordinary Shares or (C) for determining rights to vote with respect to any Fundamental Transaction, dissolution or liquidation, provided in each case that such information shall be made known to the public prior to or in conjunction with such notice being provided to the Holder.

 

(b) Currency. All dollar amounts referred to in this Note are in United States Dollars (“U.S. Dollars”), and all amounts owing under this Note shall be paid in U.S. Dollars. All amounts denominated in other currencies (if any) shall be converted into the U.S. Dollar equivalent amount in accordance with the Exchange Rate on the date of calculation. “Exchange Rate” means, in relation to any amount of currency to be converted into U.S. Dollars pursuant to this Note, the U.S. Dollar exchange rate as published in the Wall Street Journal on the relevant date of calculation (it being understood and agreed that where an amount is calculated with reference to, or over, a period of time, the date of calculation shall be the final date of such period of time).

 

(c) Payments. Whenever any payment of cash is to be made by the Company to any Person pursuant to this Note, unless otherwise expressly set forth herein, such payment shall be made in lawful money of the United States of America by a certified check drawn on the account of the Company and sent via overnight courier service to such Person at such address as previously provided to the Company in writing (which address, in the case of each of the Buyers, shall initially be as set forth on the Schedule of Buyers attached to the Securities Purchase Agreement), provided that the Holder may elect to receive a payment of cash via wire transfer of immediately available funds by providing the Company with prior written notice setting out such request and the Holder’s wire transfer instructions. Whenever any amount expressed to be due by the terms of this Note is due on any day which is not a Business Day, the same shall instead be due on the next succeeding day which is a Business Day. Any amount of Principal or other amounts due under the Transaction Documents which is not paid when due shall result in a late charge being incurred and payable by the Company in an amount equal to interest on such amount at the rate of eighteen percent (18%) per annum from the date such amount was due until the same is paid in full (“Late Charge”).

 

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26. CANCELLATION. After all Principal, accrued Interest, Late Charges and other amounts at any time owed on this Note have been paid in full, this Note shall automatically be deemed canceled, shall be surrendered to the Company for cancellation and shall not be reissued.

 

27. WAIVER OF NOTICE. To the extent permitted by law, the Company hereby irrevocably waives demand, notice, presentment, protest and all other demands and notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default or enforcement of this Note and the Securities Purchase Agreement.

 

28. GOVERNING LAW. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with, and all questions concerning the construction, validity, interpretation and performance of this Note shall be governed by, the internal laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any provision or rule (whether of the State of Delaware or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State of Delaware. Except as otherwise required by Section 24 above, the Company hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in Wilmington, Delaware, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. Nothing contained herein (i) shall be deemed or operate to preclude the Holder from bringing suit or taking other legal action against the Company in any other jurisdiction to collect on the Company’s obligations to the Holder, to realize on any collateral or any other security for such obligations, or to enforce a judgment or other court ruling in favor of the Holder or (ii) shall limit, or shall be deemed or construed to limit, any provision of Section 24. The Company (on behalf of itself and each of its Subsidiaries) hereby appoints the agent for service of process listed in [Schedule 9(a)] to the Securities Purchase Agreement, as its agent for service of process in Delaware. THE COMPANY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS NOTE OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. The choice of the laws of the State of Delaware as the governing law of this Note is a valid choice of law and would be recognized and given effect to in any action brought before a court of competent jurisdiction in the British Virgin Islands, except for those laws (i) which such court considers to be procedural in nature, (ii) which are revenue or penal laws or (iii) the application of which would be inconsistent with public policy, as such term is interpreted under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. The choice of laws of the State of Delaware as the governing law of this Note will be honored by competent courts in the PRC, subject to compliance with relevant PRC civil procedural requirements. The Company or any of their respective properties, assets or revenues does not have any right of immunity under British Virgin Islands, the PRC or Delaware law, from any legal action, suit or proceeding, from the giving of any relief in any such legal action, suit or proceeding, from set-off or counterclaim, from the jurisdiction of any British Virgin Islands and the PRC, Delaware or United States federal court, from service of process, attachment upon or prior to judgment, or attachment in aid of execution of judgment, or from execution of a judgment, or other legal process or proceeding for the giving of any relief or for the enforcement of a judgment, in any such court, with respect to its obligations, liabilities or any other matter under or arising out of or in connection with this Note; and, to the extent that the Company, or any of its properties, assets or revenues may have or may hereafter become entitled to any such right of immunity in any such court in which proceedings may at any time be commenced, the Company hereby waives such right to the extent permitted by law and hereby consents to such relief and enforcement as provided in this Note and the other Transaction Documents.

 

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29. JUDGMENT CURRENCY.

 

(a) If for the purpose of obtaining or enforcing judgment against the Company in any court in any jurisdiction it becomes necessary to convert into any other currency (such other currency being hereinafter in this Section 29 referred to as the “Judgment Currency”) an amount due in U.S. dollars under this Note, the conversion shall be made at the Exchange Rate prevailing on the Trading Day immediately preceding:

 

(i) the date actual payment of the amount due, in the case of any proceeding in the courts of Delaware or in the courts of any other jurisdiction that will give effect to such conversion being made on such date: or

 

(ii) the date on which the foreign court determines, in the case of any proceeding in the courts of any other jurisdiction (the date as of which such conversion is made pursuant to this Section 29(a)(ii) being hereinafter referred to as the “Judgment Conversion Date”).

 

(b) If in the case of any proceeding in the court of any jurisdiction referred to in Section 29(a)(ii) above, there is a change in the Exchange Rate prevailing between the Judgment Conversion Date and the date of actual payment of the amount due, the applicable party shall pay such adjusted amount as may be necessary to ensure that the amount paid in the Judgment Currency, when converted at the Exchange Rate prevailing on the date of payment, will produce the amount of US dollars which could have been purchased with the amount of Judgment Currency stipulated in the judgment or judicial order at the Exchange Rate prevailing on the Judgment Conversion Date.

 

(c) Any amount due from the Company under this provision shall be due as a separate debt and shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other amounts due under or in respect of this Note.

 

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30. SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Note is prohibited by law or otherwise determined to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the provision that would otherwise be prohibited, invalid or unenforceable shall be deemed amended to apply to the broadest extent that it would be valid and enforceable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of such provision shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions of this Note so long as this Note as so modified continues to express, without material change, the original intentions of the parties as to the subject matter hereof and the prohibited nature, invalidity or unenforceability of the provision(s) in question does not substantially impair the respective expectations or reciprocal obligations of the parties or the practical realization of the benefits that would otherwise be conferred upon the parties. The parties will endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s) with a valid provision(s), the effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s).

 

31. MAXIMUM PAYMENTS. Without limiting Section 9(d) of the Securities Purchase Agreement, nothing contained herein shall be deemed to establish or require the payment of a rate of interest or other charges in excess of the maximum permitted by applicable law. In the event that the rate of interest required to be paid or other charges hereunder exceed the maximum permitted by such law, any payments in excess of such maximum shall be credited against amounts owed by the Company to the Holder and thus refunded to the Company.

 

32. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Note, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

 

(a) “1933 Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

 

(b) “1934 Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder.

 

(c) “Adjustment Right” means any right granted with respect to any securities issued in connection with, or with respect to, any issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale in accordance with Section 7) of Ordinary Shares (other than rights of the type described in Section 6(a) hereof) that could result in a decrease in the net consideration received by the Company in connection with, or with respect to, such securities (including, without limitation, any cash settlement rights, cash adjustment or other similar rights).

 

(d) “Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person, it being understood for purposes of this definition that “control” of a Person means the power directly or indirectly either to vote 10% or more of the shares having ordinary voting power for the election of directors of such Person or direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person whether by contract or otherwise.

 

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(e) “Alternate Conversion Price” means, with respect to any Alternate Conversion that price which shall be the lower of (i) the applicable Conversion Price as in effect on the applicable Conversion Date of the applicable Alternate Conversion and (ii) the lowest of (A) 80% of the VWAP of the Common Stock as of the Trading Day immediately preceding the delivery or deemed delivery of the applicable Conversion Notice, (B) 80% of the VWAP of the Common Stock as of the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the occurrence of such applicable Event of Default, (C) 80% of the VWAP of the Common Stock as of the Trading Day of the delivery or deemed delivery of the applicable Conversion Notice, and (D) 80% of the price computed as the quotient of (I) the sum of the VWAP of the Common Stock for each of the three (3) Trading Days with the lowest VWAP of the Common Stock during the twenty (20) consecutive Trading Day period ending and including the Trading Day immediately preceding the delivery or deemed delivery of the applicable Conversion Notice, divided by (II) two (2) (such period, the “Alternate Conversion Measuring Period”).

 

(f) “Announced Transactions” means any transactions described on Schedule 32(f) attached hereto.

 

(g) “Approved Share Plan” means any employee benefit plan which has been approved by the board of directors of the Company prior to or subsequent to the Subscription Date pursuant to which Ordinary Shares and standard options to purchase Ordinary Shares may be issued to any employee, officer or director for services provided to the Company in their capacity as such.

 

(h) “Attribution Parties” means, collectively, the following Persons and entities: (i) any investment vehicle, including, any funds, feeder funds or managed accounts, currently, or from time to time after the Issuance Date, directly or indirectly managed or advised by the Holder’s investment manager or any of its Affiliates or principals, (ii) any direct or indirect Affiliates of the Holder or any of the foregoing, (iii) any Person acting or who could be deemed to be acting as a Group together with the Holder or any of the foregoing and (iv) any other Persons whose beneficial ownership of the Company’s Ordinary Shares would or could be aggregated with the Holder’s and the other Attribution Parties for purposes of Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act. For clarity, the purpose of the foregoing is to subject collectively the Holder and all other Attribution Parties to the Maximum Percentage.

 

(i) “Black Scholes Consideration Value” means the value of the applicable Option, Convertible Security or Adjustment Right (as the case may be) as of the date of issuance thereof calculated using the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg utilizing (i) an underlying price per share equal to the Closing Sale Price of the Ordinary Shares on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the execution of definitive documents with respect to the issuance of such Option, Convertible Security or Adjustment Right (as the case may be), (ii) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the remaining term of such Option, Convertible Security or Adjustment Right (as the case may be) as of the date of issuance of such Option, Convertible Security or Adjustment Right (as the case may be), (iii) a zero cost of borrow and (iv) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and the 100 day volatility obtained from the “HVT” function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the date of issuance of such Option, Convertible Security or Adjustment Right (as the case may be).

 

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(j) “Bloomberg” means Bloomberg, L.P.

 

(k) “Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee”  or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.

 

(l) “Change of Control” means any Fundamental Transaction other than (i) any merger of the Company or any of its, direct or indirect, wholly-owned Subsidiaries with or into any of the foregoing Persons, (ii) any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of the Ordinary Shares in which holders of the Company’s voting power immediately prior to such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification continue after such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification to hold publicly traded securities and, directly or indirectly, are, in all material respects, the holders of the voting power of the surviving entity (or entities with the authority or voting power to elect the members of the board of directors (or their equivalent if other than a corporation) of such entity or entities) after such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification, or (iii) pursuant to a migratory merger effected solely for the purpose of changing the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

 

(m) “Change of Control Redemption Premium” means 125%.

 

(n) “Closing Bid Price” and “Closing Sale Price” means, for any security as of any date, the last closing bid price and last closing trade price, respectively, for such security on the Principal Market, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Principal Market begins to operate on an extended hours basis and does not designate the closing bid price or the closing trade price (as the case may be) then the last bid price or last trade price, respectively, of such security prior to 4:00:00 p.m., New York time, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal securities exchange or trading market for such security, the last closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, of such security on the principal securities exchange or trading market where such security is listed or traded as reported by Bloomberg, or if the foregoing do not apply, the last closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no closing bid price or last trade price, respectively, is reported for such security by Bloomberg, the average of the bid prices, or the ask prices, respectively, of any market makers for such security as reported in The Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices). If the Closing Bid Price or the Closing Sale Price cannot be calculated for a security on a particular date on any of the foregoing bases, the Closing Bid Price or the Closing Sale Price (as the case may be) of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder. If the Company and the Holder are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such dispute shall be resolved in accordance with the procedures in Section 24. All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any share splits, share dividends, share combinations, recapitalizations or other similar transactions during such period.

 

(o) “Closing Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement, which date is the date the Company initially issued Notes pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement.

 

(p) “Convertible Securities” means any shares or other security (other than Options) that is at any time and under any circumstances, directly or indirectly, convertible into, exercisable or exchangeable for, or which otherwise entitles the holder thereof to acquire, any Ordinary Shares.

 

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(q) “Eligible Market” means The New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the Nasdaq Global Market.

 

(r) “Equity Conditions” means, with respect to an given date of determination: (i) on each day during the period beginning thirty calendar days prior to such applicable date of determination and ending on and including such applicable date of determination either (x) one or more Registration Statements filed pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement shall be effective and the prospectus contained therein shall be available on such applicable date of determination (with, for the avoidance of doubt, any Ordinary Shares previously sold pursuant to such prospectus deemed unavailable) for the resale of all Ordinary Shares to be issued in connection with the event requiring this determination (or issuable upon conversion of the Conversion Amount being redeemed, as applicable, in the event requiring this determination at the Alternate Conversion Price then in effect (without regard to any limitations on conversion set forth herein)) (each, a “Required Minimum Securities Amount”), in each case, in accordance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement and there shall not have been during such period any Grace Periods (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) or (y) all Registrable Securities shall be eligible for sale pursuant to Rule 144 (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) without the need for registration under any applicable federal or state securities laws (in each case, disregarding any limitation on conversion of the Notes, other issuance of securities with respect to the Notes and exercise of the Warrants) and no Current Public Information Failure (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) exists or is continuing; (ii) on each day during the period beginning thirty calendar days prior to the applicable date of determination and ending on and including the applicable date of determination (the “Equity Conditions Measuring Period”), the Ordinary Shares (including all Registrable Securities) is listed or designated for quotation (as applicable) on an Eligible Market and shall not have been suspended from trading on an Eligible Market (other than suspensions of not more than two (2) days and occurring prior to the applicable date of determination due to business announcements by the Company) nor shall delisting or suspension by an Eligible Market have been threatened (with a reasonable prospect of delisting occurring after giving effect to all applicable notice, appeal, compliance and hearing periods) or reasonably likely to occur or pending as evidenced by (A) a writing by such Eligible Market or (B) the Company falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Eligible Market on which the Ordinary Shares is then listed or designated for quotation (as applicable); (iii) during the Equity Conditions Measuring Period, the Company shall have delivered all Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of this Note on a timely basis as set forth in Section 3 hereof and all other shares required to be delivered by the Company on a timely basis as set forth in the other Transaction Documents; (iv) any Ordinary Shares to be issued in connection with the event requiring determination (or issuable upon conversion of the Conversion Amount being redeemed in the event requiring this determination) may be issued in full without violating Section 3(d) hereof; (v) any Ordinary Shares to be issued in connection with the event requiring determination (or issuable upon conversion of the Conversion Amount being redeemed in the event requiring this determination (without regards to any limitations on conversion set forth herein)) may be issued in full without violating the rules or regulations of the Eligible Market on which the Ordinary Shares is then listed or designated for quotation (as applicable); (vi) on each day during the Equity Conditions Measuring Period, no public announcement of a pending, proposed or intended Fundamental Transaction shall have occurred which has not been abandoned, terminated or consummated; (vii) the Company shall have no knowledge of any fact that would reasonably be expected to cause (1) any Registration Statement required to be filed pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement to not be effective or the prospectus contained therein to not be available for the resale of the applicable Required Minimum Securities Amount of Registrable Securities in accordance with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement or (2) any Registrable Securities to not be eligible for sale pursuant to Rule 144 without the need for registration under any applicable federal or state securities laws (in each case, disregarding any limitation on conversion of the Notes, other issuance of securities with respect to the Notes and exercise of the Warrants) and no Current Public Information Failure exists or is continuing; (viii) the Holder shall not be in (and no other holder of Notes shall be in) possession of any material, non-public information provided to any of them by the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective affiliates, employees, officers, representatives, agents or the like; (ix) on each day during the Equity Conditions Measuring Period, the Company otherwise shall have been in compliance with each, and shall not have breached any representation or warranty in any material respect (other than representations or warranties subject to material adverse effect or materiality, which may not be breached in any respect) or any covenant or other term or condition of any Transaction Document, including, without limitation, the Company shall not have failed to timely make any payment pursuant to any Transaction Document; (x) on each Trading Day during the Equity Conditions Measuring Period, there shall not have occurred any Volume Failure or Price Failure as of such applicable date of determination; (xi) on the applicable date of determination (A) no Authorized Share Failure shall exist or be continuing and the applicable Required Minimum Securities Amount of Ordinary Shares are available under the certificate of incorporation of the Company and reserved by the Company to be issued pursuant to the Notes and (B) all Ordinary Shares to be issued in connection with the event requiring this determination (or issuable upon conversion of the Conversion Amount being redeemed in the event requiring this determination (without regards to any limitations on conversion set forth herein)) may be issued in full without resulting in an Authorized Share Failure; (xii) on each day during the Equity Conditions Measuring Period, there shall not have occurred and there shall not exist an Event of Default or an event that with the passage of time or giving of notice would constitute an Event of Default; (xiii) no bona fide dispute shall exist, by and between any of holder of Notes or Warrants, the Company, the Principal Market (or such applicable Eligible Market in which the Ordinary Shares of the Company is then principally trading) and/or FINRA with respect to any term or provision of any Note or any other Transaction Document and (xiv) the Ordinary Shares issuable pursuant the event requiring the satisfaction of the Equity Conditions are duly authorized and listed and eligible for trading without restriction on an Eligible Market.

 

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(s) “Equity Conditions Failure” means that on any day during the period commencing twenty (20) Trading Days prior to the applicable date of determination, the Equity Conditions have not been satisfied (or waived in writing by the Holder).

 

(t) “Event Market Price” means, with respect to any Share Combination Event Date, the quotient determined by dividing (x) the sum of the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares for each of the five (5) Trading Days with the lowest VWAP of the Ordinary Shares during the fifteen (15) consecutive Trading Day period ending and including the Trading Day immediately preceding the sixteenth (16th) Trading Day after such Share Combination Event Date, divided by (y) five (5).

 

(u) “Excluded Securities” means (i) Ordinary Shares or standard options to purchase Ordinary Shares issued to directors, officers or employees of the Company for services rendered to the Company in their capacity as such pursuant to an Approved Share Plan (as defined above), provided that (A) all such issuances (taking into account the Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of such options) after the Subscription Date pursuant to this clause (i) do not, in the aggregate, exceed more than 5% of the Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Subscription Date and (B) the exercise price of any such options is not lowered, none of such options are amended to increase the number of shares issuable thereunder and none of the terms or conditions of any such options are otherwise materially changed in any manner that adversely affects any of the Buyers; (ii) Ordinary Shares issued upon the conversion or exercise of Convertible Securities or Options (other than standard options to purchase Ordinary Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) issued prior to the Subscription Date, provided that the conversion price of any such Convertible Securities (other than standard options to purchase Ordinary Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) is not lowered, none of such Convertible Securities or Options (other than standard options to purchase Ordinary Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) are amended to increase the number of shares issuable thereunder and none of the terms or conditions of any such Convertible Securities or Options (other than standard options to purchase Ordinary Shares issued pursuant to an Approved Share Plan that are covered by clause (i) above) are otherwise materially changed in any manner that adversely affects any of the Buyers; (iii) the Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes or otherwise pursuant to the terms of the Notes; provided, that the terms of the Notes are not amended, modified or changed on or after the Subscription Date (other than antidilution adjustments pursuant to the terms thereof in effect as of the Subscription Date), and(iv) the Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants; provided, that the terms of the Warrants are not amended, modified or changed on or after the Subscription Date (other than antidilution adjustments pursuant to the terms thereof in effect as of the Subscription Date).

 

40

 

 

(v) “Fiscal Quarter” means each of the fiscal quarters adopted by the Company for financial reporting purposes that correspond to the Company’s fiscal year as of the date hereof that ends on December 31.

 

(w) “Fundamental Transaction” means (A) that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, including through subsidiaries, Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, (i) consolidate or merge with or into (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation) another Subject Entity, or (ii) sell, assign, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Company or any of its “significant subsidiaries” (as defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X) to one or more Subject Entities, or (iii) make, or allow one or more Subject Entities to make, or allow the Company to be subject to or have its Ordinary Shares be subject to or party to one or more Subject Entities making, a purchase, tender or exchange offer that is accepted by the holders of at least either (x) 50% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares, (y) 50% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares calculated as if any Ordinary Shares held by all Subject Entities making or party to, or Affiliated with any Subject Entities making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer were not outstanding; or (z) such number of Ordinary Shares such that all Subject Entities making or party to, or Affiliated with any Subject Entity making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer, become collectively the beneficial owners (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the 1934 Act) of at least 50% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares, or (iv) consummate a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with one or more Subject Entities whereby all such Subject Entities, individually or in the aggregate, acquire, either (x) at least 50% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares, (y) at least 50% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares calculated as if any Ordinary Shares held by all the Subject Entities making or party to, or Affiliated with any Subject Entity making or party to, such stock purchase agreement or other business combination were not outstanding; or (z) such number of Ordinary Shares such that the Subject Entities become collectively the beneficial owners (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the 1934 Act) of at least 50% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares, or (v) reorganize, recapitalize or reclassify its Ordinary Shares, (B) that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, including through subsidiaries, Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, allow any Subject Entity individually or the Subject Entities in the aggregate to be or become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the 1934 Act), directly or indirectly, whether through acquisition, purchase, assignment, conveyance, tender, tender offer, exchange, reduction in outstanding Ordinary Shares, merger, consolidation, business combination, reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, scheme of arrangement, reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification or otherwise in any manner whatsoever, of either (x) at least 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares, (y) at least 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares not held by all such Subject Entities as of the date of this Note calculated as if any Ordinary Shares held by all such Subject Entities were not outstanding, or (z) a percentage of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares or other equity securities of the Company sufficient to allow such Subject Entities to effect a statutory short form merger or other transaction requiring other shareholders of the Company to surrender their Ordinary Shares without approval of the shareholders of the Company or (C) directly or indirectly, including through subsidiaries, Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, the issuance of or the entering into any other instrument or transaction structured in a manner to circumvent, or that circumvents, the intent of this definition in which case this definition shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this definition to the extent necessary to correct this definition or any portion of this definition which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended treatment of such instrument or transaction.

 

(x) “GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied.

 

(y) “Group” means a “group” as that term is used in Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act and as defined in Rule 13d-5 thereunder.

 

41

 

 

(z) “Holder Pro Rata Amount” means a fraction (i) the numerator of which is the original Principal amount of this Note on the Closing Date and (ii) the denominator of which is the aggregate original principal amount of all Notes issued to the initial purchasers pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement on the Closing Date.

 

(aa) “Indebtedness” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Securities Purchase Agreement.

 

(bb) “Interest Conversion Price” means, with respect to any given Interest Date, that price which shall be the lowest of (i) the applicable Conversion Price as in effect on the applicable Interest Date, (ii) 90% of the lowest VWAP of the Ordinary Shares during the seven (7) consecutive Trading Day period ending and including the Trading Day immediately preceding the applicable Interest Date (such period, the “Interest Conversion Measuring Period”). All such determinations to be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, reclassification or similar transaction that proportionately decreases or increases the Ordinary Shares during such Interest Conversion Measuring Period.

 

(cc) “Interest Date” means, with respect to any given calendar month, the first Trading Day of such calendar month.

 

(dd) “Interest Rate” means fourteen and three quarters of a percent (14.75%) per annum, as may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with Section 2.

 

(ee) “Investment” means any beneficial ownership (including stock, partnership or limited liability company interests) of or in any Person, or any loan, advance or capital contribution to any Person or the acquisition of all, or substantially all, of the assets of another Person or the purchase of any assets of another Person for greater than the fair market value of such assets.

 

(ff) “Make-Whole Amount” means, as of any given date and as applicable, in connection with any conversion, redemption or other repayment hereunder, an amount equal to the amount of additional Interest that would accrue under this Note at the Interest Rate then in effect assuming for calculation purposes that the outstanding Principal of this Note as of the Closing Date remained outstanding through and including the Maturity Date.

 

(gg) “Market Price” means, with respect to any given Adjustment Date, that price which shall be the lowest of (i) the applicable Conversion Price as in effect on the applicable Adjustment Date, (ii) the lowest VWAP of the Ordinary Shares during the three (3) consecutive Trading Day period ending and including the Trading Day immediately preceding the applicable Interest Date (such period, the “Interest Conversion Measuring Period”). All such determinations to be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination, reclassification or similar transaction that proportionately decreases or increases the Ordinary Shares during such Interest Conversion Measuring Period.

 

(hh) “Maturity Date” shall mean [   ]1; provided, however, the Maturity Date may be extended at the option of the Holder (i) in the event that, and for so long as, an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or any event shall have occurred and be continuing that with the passage of time and the failure to cure would result in an Event of Default or (ii) through the date that is twenty (20) Business Days after the consummation of a Fundamental Transaction in the event that a Fundamental Transaction is publicly announced or a Change of Control Notice is delivered prior to the Maturity Date, provided further that if a Holder elects to convert some or all of this Note pursuant to Section 3 hereof, and the Conversion Amount would be limited pursuant to Section 3(d) hereunder, the Maturity Date shall automatically be extended until such time as such provision shall not limit the conversion of this Note.

 

(ii) “Options” means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase Ordinary Shares or Convertible Securities.

 

(jj) “Ordinary Shares” means (i) the Company’s class A ordinary shares with no par value, (ii) any shares into which such ordinary shares shall have been changed or any shares resulting from a reclassification of such ordinary shares (or, as applicable, with regard to any Change of Control Mandatory Conversion Election, Corporate Event Consideration).

 

 

1Insert 54 month anniversary of the Issuance Date.

 

42

 

 

(kk) “Parent Entity” of a Person means an entity that, directly or indirectly, controls the applicable Person and whose common stock or equivalent equity security is quoted or listed on an Eligible Market, or, if there is more than one such Person or Parent Entity, the Person or Parent Entity with the largest public market capitalization as of the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction.

 

(ll) “Permitted Indebtedness” means (i) Indebtedness evidenced by this Note and the Other Notes, (ii) Indebtedness set forth on Schedule 3(s) to the Securities Purchase Agreement, as in effect as of the Subscription Date, and (iii) Indebtedness secured by Permitted Liens or unsecured but as described in clauses (iv) and (v) of the definition of Permitted Liens.

 

(mm) “Permitted Liens” means (i) any Lien for taxes not yet due or delinquent or being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP, (ii) any statutory Lien arising in the ordinary course of business by operation of law with respect to a liability that is not yet due or delinquent, (iii) any Lien created by operation of law, such as materialmen’s liens, mechanics’ liens and other similar liens, arising in the ordinary course of business with respect to a liability that is not yet due or delinquent or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings, (iv) Liens (A) upon or in any equipment acquired or held by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to secure the purchase price of such equipment or Indebtedness incurred solely for the purpose of financing the acquisition or lease of such equipment, or (B) existing on such equipment at the time of its acquisition, provided that the Lien is confined solely to the property so acquired and improvements thereon, and the proceeds of such equipment, in either case, with respect to Indebtedness in an aggregate amount not to exceed $100,000, (v) Liens incurred in connection with the extension, renewal or refinancing of the Indebtedness secured by Liens of the type described in clause (iv) above, provided that any extension, renewal or replacement Lien shall be limited to the property encumbered by the existing Lien and the principal amount of the Indebtedness being extended, renewed or refinanced does not increase, (vi) Liens in favor of customs and revenue authorities arising as a matter of law to secure payments of custom duties in connection with the importation of goods, and (vii) Liens arising from judgments, decrees or attachments in circumstances not constituting an Event of Default under Section 4(a)(xii).

 

(nn) “Permitted Sales” means the sale, assignment, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of any of the Company’s clinics established for the provision of assisted reproductive services in a single transaction or a series of related transactions in the ordinary course of business consistent with its past practice.

 

(oo) “Person” means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization, any other entity or a government or any department or agency thereof.

 

43

 

 

(pp) “Price Failure” means, with respect to a particular date of determination, the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the twenty (20) Trading Day period ending on the Trading Day immediately preceding such date of determination fails to exceed $0.50 (as adjusted for share splits, share dividends, share combinations, recapitalizations or other similar transactions occurring after the Subscription Date). All such determinations to be appropriately adjusted for any share splits, share dividends, share combinations, recapitalizations or other similar transactions during any such measuring period.

 

(qq) “Principal Market” means the Nasdaq Capital Market.

 

(rr) “Redemption Notices” means, collectively, the Event of Default Redemption Notices, the Company Optional Redemption Notices, the Asset Sale Optional Redemption Notices, the Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Notices and the Change of Control Redemption Notices, and each of the foregoing, individually, a “Redemption Notice.”

 

(ss) “Redemption Premium” means 125%.

 

(tt) “Redemption Prices” means, collectively, Event of Default Redemption Prices, the Change of Control Redemption Prices, the Asset Sale Optional Redemption Prices, the Subsequent Placement Optional Redemption Prices and the Company Optional Redemption Prices, and each of the foregoing, individually, a “Redemption Price.”

 

(uu) “Registration Rights Agreement” means that certain registration rights agreement, dated as of the Closing Date, by and among the Company and the initial holders of the Notes relating to, among other things, the registration of the resale of the Ordinary Shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes or otherwise pursuant to the terms of the Notes and exercise of the Warrants, as may be amended from time to time.

 

(vv) “SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or the successor thereto.

 

(ww) “Securities Purchase Agreement” means that certain securities purchase agreement relating to the sale and purchase of this Note, dated as of the Subscription Date, by and among the Company and the initial holders of the Notes pursuant to which the Company issued the Notes, as may be amended from time to time.

 

(xx) “Subscription Date” means ____ __, 2024.

 

(yy) “Subsidiaries” shall have the meaning as set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement.

 

(zz) “Subject Entity” means any Person, Persons or Group or any Affiliate or associate of any such Person, Persons or Group.

 

44

 

 

(aaa) “Successor Entity” means the Person (or, if so elected by the Holder, the Parent Entity) formed by, resulting from or surviving any Fundamental Transaction or the Person (or, if so elected by the Holder, the Parent Entity) with which such Fundamental Transaction shall have been entered into.

 

(bbb) “Trading Day” means, as applicable, (x) with respect to all price or trading volume determinations relating to the Ordinary Shares, any day on which the Ordinary Shares is traded on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for the Ordinary Shares, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Ordinary Shares is then traded, provided that “Trading Day” shall not include any day on which the Ordinary Shares is scheduled to trade on such exchange or market for less than 4.5 hours or any day that the Ordinary Shares is suspended from trading during the final hour of trading on such exchange or market (or if such exchange or market does not designate in advance the closing time of trading on such exchange or market, then during the hour ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York time) unless such day is otherwise designated as a Trading Day in writing by the Holder or (y) with respect to all determinations other than price determinations relating to the Ordinary Shares, any day on which the New York Stock Exchange (or any successor thereto) is open for trading of securities.

 

(ccc) “Volume Failure” means, with respect to a particular date of determination, the aggregate daily dollar trading volume (as reported on Bloomberg) of the Ordinary Shares on the Principal Market on any Trading Day during the twenty (20) Trading Day period ending on the Trading Day immediately preceding such date of determination (such period, the “Volume Failure Measuring Period”), is less than $1,000,000 (as adjusted for any share splits, share dividends, share combinations, recapitalizations or other similar transactions occurring after the Subscription Date).

 

(ddd) “VWAP” means, for any security as of any date, the dollar volume-weighted average price for such security on the Principal Market (or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for such security, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which such security is then traded), during the period beginning at 9:30 a.m., New York time, and ending at 4:00 p.m., New York time, as reported by Bloomberg through its “VAP” function (set to 09:30 start time and 16:00 end time) or, if the foregoing does not apply, the dollar volume-weighted average price of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security during the period beginning at 9:30 a.m., New York time, and ending at 4:00 p.m., New York time, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no dollar volume-weighted average price is reported for such security by Bloomberg for such hours, the average of the highest closing bid price and the lowest closing ask price of any of the market makers for such security as reported in The Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices). If the VWAP cannot be calculated for such security on such date on any of the foregoing bases, the VWAP of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company and the Holder. If the Company and the Holder are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such dispute shall be resolved in accordance with the procedures in Section 24. All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any share dividend, share split, share combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction during such period.

 

45

 

 

(eee) “Warrants” has the meaning ascribed to such term in the Securities Purchase Agreement, and shall include all warrants issued in exchange therefor or replacement thereof.

 

33. DISCLOSURE. Upon delivery by the Company to the Holder (or receipt by the Company from the Holder) of any notice in accordance with the terms of this Note, unless the Company has in good faith determined that the matters relating to such notice do not constitute material, non-public information relating to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, the Company shall on or prior to 9:00 am, New York city time on the Business Day immediately following such notice delivery date, publicly disclose such material, non-public information on a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K or otherwise. In the event that the Company believes that a notice contains material, non-public information relating to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, the Company so shall indicate to the Holder explicitly in writing in such notice (or immediately upon receipt of notice from the Holder, as applicable), and in the absence of any such written indication in such notice (or notification from the Company immediately upon receipt of notice from the Holder), the Holder shall be entitled to presume that information contained in the notice does not constitute material, non-public information relating to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Nothing contained in this Section 33 shall limit any obligations of the Company, or any rights of the Holder, under Section [4(i)] of the Securities Purchase Agreement.

 

34. ABSENCE OF TRADING AND DISCLOSURE RESTRICTIONS. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Holder is not a fiduciary or agent of the Company and that the Holder shall have no obligation to (a) maintain the confidentiality of any information provided by the Company or (b) refrain from trading any securities while in possession of such information in the absence of a written non-disclosure agreement signed by an officer of the Holder that explicitly provides for such confidentiality and trading restrictions. In the absence of such an executed, written non-disclosure agreement, the Company acknowledges that the Holder may freely trade in any securities issued by the Company, may possess and use any information provided by the Company in connection with such trading activity, and may disclose any such information to any third party.

 

35. TAXES.

 

(a) Without limiting any other provision of this Note, any and all payments by the Company hereunder shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any and all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, deductions, charges or withholdings, and all liabilities with respect thereto (collectively referred to as “Taxes”) unless the Company is required to withhold or deduct any amounts for, or on account of Taxes pursuant to any applicable law. If the Company shall be required to deduct any Taxes from or in respect of any sum payable hereunder to the Holder, (i) the sum payable shall be increased by the amount by which the sum payable would otherwise have to be increased (the “make-whole amount”) to ensure that after making all required deductions (including deductions applicable to the make-whole amount) the Holder would receive an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deductions been made, (ii) the Company shall make such deductions and (iii) the Company shall pay the full amount withheld or deducted to the relevant governmental authority within the time required. Upon the request of the Company, the Holder shall provide the Company with such duly completed and executed forms or certificates prescribed by law as a basis for claiming an exemption from, or a reduction of, any Taxes imposed on payments made hereunder.

 

(b) In addition, the Company agrees to pay to the relevant governmental authority in accordance with applicable law any present or future stamp or documentary taxes or any other excise or property taxes, charges or similar levies that arise from any payment made hereunder or in connection with the execution, delivery, registration or performance of, or otherwise with respect to, this Note (“Other Taxes”).

 

(c) The Company shall deliver to the Holder official receipts, if any, in respect of any Taxes and Other Taxes payable hereunder promptly after payment of such Taxes and Other Taxes or other evidence of payment reasonably acceptable to the Holder.

 

(d) If the Company fails to pay any amounts in accordance with this Section 35, the Company shall indemnify the Holder within ten (10) calendar days after written demand therefor, for the full amount of any Taxes or Other Taxes, plus any related interest or penalties, that are paid by the Holder to the relevant governmental authority or other relevant governmental authority as a result of such failure.

 

(e) The obligations of the Company under this Section 35 shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the payment of all amounts payable hereunder.

 

[signature page follows]

 

46

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Note to be duly executed as of the Issuance Date set out above.

 

  NEWGENIVF GROUP LIMITED
   
  By:  
    Name: Alfred Siu
    Title: Chief Executive Officer

 

Senior Convertible Note - Signature Page

 

47

 

 

EXHIBIT I

 

NEWGENIVF GROUP LIMITED
CONVERSION NOTICE

 

Reference is made to the Senior Convertible Note (the “Note”) issued to the undersigned by NewGenIvf Group Limited, a business company incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (the “Company”). In accordance with and pursuant to the Note, the undersigned hereby elects to convert the Conversion Amount (as defined in the Note) of the Note indicated below into class A ordinary shares with no par value (the “Ordinary Shares”), of the Company, as of the date specified below. Capitalized terms not defined herein shall have the meaning as set forth in the Note.

 

  Date of Conversion:    

 

  Aggregate Principal to be converted:    
       
 

Aggregate accrued and unpaid Interest and accrued and unpaid Late Charges with respect to such portion of the Aggregate Principal and such Aggregate Interest to

be converted:

    

 

  AGGREGATE CONVERSION AMOUNT
TO BE CONVERTED:		    

 

Please confirm the following information:

 

 

Conversion Price:

    

 

  Number of Ordinary Shares to be issued:    

 

☐ If this Conversion Notice is being delivered with respect to an Alternate Conversion, check here if Holder is electing to use the following Alternate Conversion Price:                        

 

Please issue the Ordinary Shares into which the Note is being converted to Holder, or for its benefit, as follows:

 

☐Check here if requesting delivery as a certificate to the following name and to the following address:

 

 

Issue to:

    
       
       
       
       
       
       

 

 

 

 

☐Check here if requesting delivery by Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian as follows:

 

  DTC Participant:    
       
  DTC Number:    
       
  Account Number:    

 

Date: _____________ __,

 

   
Name of Registered Holder  

 

By:    
Name:  
  Title:  

 

  Tax ID:    

 

E-mail Address:

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 23.1

 

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

We hereby consent to the inclusion of our report dated September 28, 2023 to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 of NewGenIvf Group Limited, relating to the audit of the consolidated balance sheets of NewGenIvf Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements) included herein.

 

 
   
  /s/ WWC, P.C.
San Mateo, California WWC, P.C.
September 6, 2024 Certified Public Accountants
  PCAOB ID No. 1171

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 23.2

 

 Onestop Assurance PAC
Co. Registration No.: 201823302D
10 Anson Road #06-15
International Plaza
Singapore, 079903
Email: audit@onestop-ca.com
Website: www.onestop-ca.com

 

 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form F-1 of NewGenIvf Group Limited of our report dated August 16, 2024, relating to the consolidated balance sheet of NewGenIvf Limited and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023, and the related consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income, changes in shareholder’s equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and the related notes, included in its Annual Report on Form 20-F of NewGenIvf Group Limited for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 20, 2024. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in this Registration Statement. 

 

/s/ OneStop Assurance PAC  
   
 
   
Singapore  
September 6, 2024  

 

Exhibit 107

 

Calculation of Filing Fee Tables

 

F-1

 

(Form Type)

 

NewGenIvf Group Limited

 

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities

 

   Security
Type		  Security
Class
Title		  Fee
Calculation
or Carry
Forward
Rule		   Amount
Registered		   Proposed
Maximum
Offering
Price Per
Unit		   Maximum
Aggregate
Offering
Price		   Fee
Rate		   Amount of
Registration
Fee(1)		   Carry
Forward
Form
Type		   Carry
Forward
File
Number		   Carry
Forward
Initial
effective
date		   Filing Fee
Previously
Paid In
Connection
with
Unsold
Securities
to be
Carried
Forward		 
                                               
Newly Registered Securities 
Fees to Be
Paid		  Equity  Class A Ordinary Shares underlying warrants with an exercise price of $0.913 per share   457(g)    1,325,301   $ 0.913   $1,209,999.81   $0.00014760   $178.60                                      
   Equity  Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the note issued in the initial closing of the 2024 Debt Financing (as defined in the registration statement)   457(g)    2,835,664(2)   $0.83   $ 2,353,601.12   $ 0.00014760   $347.39    –    –    –    – 
   Equity  Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the note issued in the closing of the second tranche of the 2024 Debt Financing   457(g)    1,751,316(3)   $0.83   $1,453,592.28   $0.00014760   $214.55    –    –    –    – 
Fees Previously Paid  –  –   –    –    –    –    –    –                     
Carry Forward Securities 
Carry
Forward
Securities		                                  –                     
   Total Offering Amounts           $

5,017,193.21

           $740.54                     
   Total Fees Previously Paid                         $0                     
   Total Fee Offsets                         $0                     
   Net Fee Due                         $740.54                     

 

(1)Rounded up to the nearest cent.
(2)Such amount is equal to twice the amount of the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the senior convertible promissory note issued to JAK Opportunities VI LLC in the initial closing of the 2024 Debt Financing. The amount to be registered was derived pursuant to the terms of the Registration Agreement (as defined in the registration statement).
(3)Such amount is twice the number of the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the senior convertible promissory note issued to JAK Opportunities VI LLC. The amount to be registered was derived pursuant to the terms of the Registration Agreement.
(4)The closing price of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares as of September 3, 2024.

 

v3.24.2.u1
Document And Entity Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Document Information Line Items  
Entity Registrant Name NEWGENIVF GROUP LIMITED
Document Type F-1
Amendment Flag false
Entity Central Index Key 0001981662
Entity Emerging Growth Company true
Entity Ex Transition Period false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code D8
Entity Address, Address Line One 1/F, Pier 2, Central
Entity Address, Country HK
Entity Address, City or Town Hong Kong
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 999077
City Area Code +1 (212)
Local Phone Number 537-4406
Business Contact  
Document Information Line Items  
Entity Address, Address Line One 122 East 42nd Street
Entity Address, City or Town New York
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 10168
City Area Code (212)
Local Phone Number 947-7200
Contact Personnel Name Cogency Global Inc
Entity Address, Address Line Two 18th Floor
Entity Address, State or Province NY
v3.24.2.u1
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 54,104 $ 27,556
Accounts receivable, net 9,374 13,000
Inventories 126,264 46,910
Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net 517,429 70,285
Loan to A SPAC I 140,000
Total current assets 1,201,456 2,398,623
Non-current assets    
Plant and equipment, net 162,157 122,673
Right-of-use assets, net 283,847 383,670
Total non-current assets 446,004 506,343
TOTAL ASSETS 1,647,460 2,904,966
Current liabilities    
Accounts payable 172,626 104,651
Accrued liabilities and other payables 241,613 289,777
Contract liabilities 7,937 1,360,168
Operating lease liabilities, current 207,128 184,651
Finance lease liabilities, current 6,446 18,758
Taxes payable 486,706 486,872
Total current liabilities 1,122,456 2,555,650
Non-current liabilities    
Operating lease liabilities, non-current 118,979 242,187
Finance lease liabilities, non-current 6,446
Total non-current liabilities 118,979 248,633
Total liabilities 1,241,435 2,804,283
Shareholders’ equity    
Ordinary shares, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; 698,123 and 601,830 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively 6,981 6,018
Subscription receivable (2,967,100) (319,872)
Additional paid-in capital 4,324,834 1,458,941
Accumulated deficit (461,351) (591,544)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (7,288) 9,570
Equity attributable to the shareholders of the Company 896,076 563,113
Non-controlling interests (490,051) (462,430)
Total shareholders’ equity 406,025 100,683
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 1,647,460 2,904,966
Shareholders    
Current assets    
Due from shareholders 354,285 2,240,872
Related party    
Current liabilities    
Due to a related party $ 110,773
v3.24.2.u1
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - $ / shares
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Ordinary shares, par value (in Dollars per share) $ 0.01 $ 0.01
Ordinary shares, shares authorized 5,000,000 5,000,000
Ordinary shares, shares issued 698,123 601,830
Ordinary shares ,shares outstanding 698,123 601,830
v3.24.2.u1
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Statement [Abstract]      
Revenues $ 5,136,153 $ 5,944,190 $ 4,118,120
Cost of revenues (3,454,368) (4,406,421) (3,093,340)
Gross profit 1,681,785 1,537,769 1,024,780
Operating expenses      
Selling and marketing expenses (18,030) (36,194) (24,693)
General and administrative expenses (1,259,364) (1,094,962) (801,329)
Audit fees (362,149) (7,908)
Total operating expenses (1,639,543) (1,139,064) (826,022)
Operating income 42,242 398,705 198,758
Other income (expenses), net      
Other income, net 111,837 23,019 45,652
Interest income 518 21 63
Interest expense (46,179) (77,757) (88,289)
Total other income (expenses), net 66,176 (54,717) (42,574)
Income before taxes 108,418 343,988 156,184
Provision for income taxes (208,141) (294,716)
Net income (loss) 108,418 135,847 (138,532)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests (21,775) (322,820) (137,999)
Net income (loss) attributable to the shareholders of the Company 130,193 458,667 (533)
Other comprehensive income (loss)      
Foreign currency translation adjustment (22,704) (1,920) 7,751
Total comprehensive income (loss) 85,714 133,927 (130,781)
Less: total comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests (27,621) (323,458) (136,396)
Total comprehensive income attributable to the shareholders of the Company $ 113,335 $ 457,385 $ 5,615
Earning per share – basic (in Dollars per share) $ 0.18 $ 0.8 $ 0
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in Shares) 615,135 575,930 560,000
v3.24.2.u1
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Statement [Abstract]      
Earning per share – diluted $ 0.18 $ 0.80 $ 0.00
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 615,135 575,930 560,000
v3.24.2.u1
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) - USD ($)
Ordinary shares
Subscription receivable
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Total attributable to the shareholders of the Company
Non- controlling interests
Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020 $ 5,600 $ 57,821 $ (1,049,678) $ 4,704 $ (981,553) $ (2,576) $ (984,129)
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2020 560,000              
Net income (loss) (533) (533) (137,999) (138,532)
Foreign currency translation adjustment 6,148 6,148 1,603 7,751
Directors’ remuneration 200,000 200,000 200,000
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021 $ 5,600 257,821 (1,050,211) 10,852 (775,938) (138,972) (914,910)
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021 560,000              
Net income (loss) 458,667 458,667 (322,820) 135,847
Foreign currency translation adjustment (1,282) (1,282) (638) (1,920)
Settlement of subscription receivable [1]              
Directors’ remuneration 240,000 240,000 240,000
Issuance of shares $ 418 (319,872) 961,120 641,666 641,666
Issuance of shares (in Shares) 41,830              
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 $ 6,018 (319,872) 1,458,941 (591,544) 9,570 563,113 (462,430) $ 100,683
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2022 601,830             601,830
Net income (loss) 130,193 130,193 (21,775) $ 108,418
Foreign currency translation adjustment (16,858) (16,858) (5,846) (22,704)
Settlement of subscription receivable 219,628 219,628 219,628 [1]
Directors’ remuneration              
Issuance of shares $ 963 (2,866,856) 2,865,893
Issuance of shares (in Shares) 96,293              
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 $ 6,981 $ (2,967,100) $ 4,324,834 $ (461,351) $ (7,288) $ 896,076 $ (490,051) $ 406,025
Balance (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2023 698,123             698,123
[1] On January 18, 2023, the Company received $192,308 from Seazen, reducing the subscription receivable by $192,308. On January 10, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 27,293 ordinary shares to Tung Donald FAN and Hok Lun Alan Lau at the consideration of $812,573. On December 4, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 69,000 shares to DoubleClick Services Limited at $2,054,283. Among the subscription receivable during the year, $27,320 was settled by the professional consulting service rendered during the year ended December 31, 2023.
v3.24.2.u1
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net income (loss) $ 108,418 $ 135,847 $ (138,532)
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Depreciation of plant and equipment 31,173 100,533 166,709
Amortization of right-of-use assets 198,535 203,411 175,830
Loss on disposal of plant and equipment 114,013
Provision of expected credit loss allowance 625 10,777 6,717
Interest expense 46,179
Waiver of related party balance (88,151)
Directors’ remuneration 240,000 200,000
Legal and professional fee 27,320
Provision for income taxes 208,141
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:      
Accounts receivable 1,166 129,922 56,183
Inventories (80,665) (7,219) 1,352
Deposit and other receivables, net (448,266) (15,197) 10,987
Accounts payable 71,362 58,752 (60,989)
Accrued liabilities and other payables (51,167) 190,689 79,853
Contract liabilities (1,352,231) 548,010 812,158
Operating lease liabilities (230,433) (175,132) (148,677)
Finance lease liabilities (19,476) (19,476)
Tax paid (12,170) 290,887
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (1,766,135) 1,710,901 1,433,002
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES      
Purchase of plant and equipment (69,848) (94,452) (16,575)
Net cash used in investing activities (69,848) (94,452) (16,575)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES      
Amount due from A SPAC I (140,000)
Finance lease (9,317) (19,476) (17,221)
Other borrowings, net 128,204 512,821
Issuance of shares 192,308
Interest paid (24,704)
Amount with related parties 1,863,206 (1,742,509) (2,039,969)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 1,881,493 (1,633,781) (1,544,369)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 45,510 (17,332) (127,942)
Effect of foreign currency translation on cash and cash equivalents (18,962) 16,124 50,514
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 27,556 28,764 106,192
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year 54,104 27,556 28,764
Supplementary cash flow information:      
Taxes paid (12,170) (3,829)
Interest paid $ (24,704) $ (55,469) $ (65,582)
v3.24.2.u1
Organization and Principal Activities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Organization and Principal Activities [Abstract]  
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

 

NewGenIvf Limited (the “Company” or the “Group”) was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on January 16, 2019 as an investment holding company.

 

The following is an organization chart of the Company and its subsidiaries:

 

 

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s subsidiaries are detailed in the table as follows:

 

Name   Background   Ownership %   Principal activity
FFPGS (HK) Limited  

●   A Hong Kong company

●   Incorporated on December 19, 2019

   100%   Marketing and administrative services
Well Image Limited  

●   A Hong Kong company

●   Incorporated on July 11, 2008

   100%   Investment holding
Med Holdings Limited (“Med Holdings”) (Note)  

●   A Thailand company

●   Incorporated on January 21, 2015

   49%*   Investment holding
First Fertility PGS Center Limited (“FFC”) (Note)  

●   A Thailand company

●   Incorporated on March 6, 2014

   74%   Provision of IVF treatment
First Fertility Phnom Penh Limited (“FFPP”)  

●   A Cambodia company

●   Incorporated on August 10, 2015

   100%   Provision of IVF treatment

 

Name   Background   Ownership %   Principal activity
First Fertility Bishkek LLC (“FFB”)  

●   A Kyrgyzstan company

●   Incorporated on October 11, 2019

   100%   Provision surrogacy and ancillary caring services

 

*Where less than 50% of the equity of an investee is held, the Company (through its subsidiaries) holds significantly more voting rights than any other vote holder or organized company of vote holders. An assessment has been made, taking into account all the factors relevant to the relationship with the investee, to ascertain control has been established and the investee should be consolidated as a subsidiary of the Company.

 

Note:

 

According to the Foreign Business Act (the “FBA”), the majority shareholdings of limited company incorporated in Thailand is required to be owned by Thai nationals.

 

With reference to the capital structure and voting rights structure of ordinary shares and preference shares (the “Share Structure”) of Med Holdings and FFC, all the preference share capital is owned by a Thai national. The ordinary shares and preference shares have the same rights and status in all respects except for the distribution of profits by way of dividends with details as follow:

 

(a)Dividends from profits of Med Holdings and FFC shall be allocated to the holders of preference shares at a rate fixed from time to time by the board of directors prior to allocating to the holders of ordinary shares. In any event, such dividends to be allocated to the holders of preference shares shall not exceed 15% of the total amount of dividends declared from time to time;

 

(b)After allocation of dividends as per (a) above, the rest of the dividends shall be distributed equally amongst the holders of ordinary shares according to their shareholding ratio;

 

(c)The holders of preferred shares shall be entitled to dividends only in respect of the years for which the Company has declared a dividend payment, and there shall be no cumulative dividends; and

 

(d)Dividends allocated to the holders of preferred shares in each year shall be limited at the rate as stated in (a) only. No additional dividends shall be paid to the holders of preferred shares.

 

Based upon the management’s judgement on the Shares Structure, as the Company is able to exercise majority voting power in any board meeting, the Company accounts for Med Holdings and FFC as subsidiaries on the ground that the Company is able to control Med Holdings and FFC by exercising its majority voting power in any board meetings.

 

Group reorganization

 

Pursuant to a group reorganization (the “group reorganization”) to rationalize the structure of the Company and its subsidiary companies (herein collectively referred to as the “Group”) in preparation for the listing of its shares, the Company becomes the holding company of the Group on February 2, 2023. As the Group were under same control of the shareholders and their entire equity interests were also ultimately held by the shareholders immediately prior to the group reorganization, the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity and consolidated statements of cash flows are prepared as if the current group structure had been in existence throughout the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, or since the respective dates of incorporation/establishment of the relevant entity, where this is a shorter period.

 

The consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 present the assets and liabilities of the aforementioned companies now comprising the Group which had been incorporated/established as of the relevant balance sheet date as if the current group structure had been in existence at those dates based on the same control aforementioned. The Company eliminates all significant intercompany balances and transactions in its consolidated financial statements.

 

The movement in the Company’s authorized share capital and the number of ordinary shares outstanding and issued in the Company are also detailed in Note 10.

 

Going concern

 

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had bank balance of $54,104 and may have challenge to settle its obligations when payment become due. The Company is always closely monitoring the market opportunities and is currently in the process of exercising various fundraising projects with various potential investors to improve the Company’s cash flow position for its operation and short-term payables. One fundraising project was completed on April 3, 2024. As of April 4, 2024, the Company settled $2 million to any payment with respect to accounts payable, but not, directly or indirectly, for (i) except for expenses relating to the Business Combination, the satisfaction of any indebtedness of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) the redemption or repurchase of any securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iii) the settlement of any outstanding litigation as at December 31, 2023. The Company secured funding subsequent to year-end with total of $2 million, and that the Company received $2 million funding to date. Please refer to Note 20 – Subsequent Events for further information. The Company can make no assurance that required financings will be available for the amounts needed, or on terms commercially acceptable to the Company, if at all. If one or all of these events does not occur or subsequent capital raises are insufficient to bridge financial and liquidity shortfall, there would likely be a material adverse effect on the Company and its financial statements.
v3.24.2.u1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Principles of consolidation and basis of preparation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries in which a controlling interest is maintained. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Management has prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements and these notes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The Company maintains its general ledger and journals with the accrual method accounting.

 

Use of estimates

 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates required to be made by management include, but are not limited to, contingent tax liability for Kyrgyzstan. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and as such, differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.

 

Foreign currency translation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollar (“$”), which is the reporting currency of the Company. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries, FFPGS (HK) Limited and Well Image Limited, are Hong Kong dollar (“HK$”). Med Holdings and FFC use Thai baht (“THB”) as their functional currencies. First Fertility Phnom Penh Limited uses Cambodian riel (“KHR”) as its functional currency and First Fertility Bishkek LLC uses United States dollar (“USD”) as its functional currency.

 

Assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the reporting currency are translated into the reporting currency at the rates of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Translation gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as other comprehensive income or loss.

 

Transactions in currencies other than the reporting currency are measured and recorded in the reporting currency at the exchange rate prevailing on the transaction date. The cumulative gain or loss from foreign currency transactions is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as other income (other expenses).

 

The value of foreign currencies including, the HK$, THB, KHR and RMB, may fluctuate against the United States dollar. Any significant variations of the aforementioned currencies relative to the United States dollar may materially affect the Company’s financial condition in terms of reporting in USD. The following table outlines the currency exchange rates that were used in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements:

 

      2023   2022   2021 
Period-end  $: HK$   7.8000    7.8000    7.8000 
Period average  $: HK$   7.8000    7.8000    7.8000 
Period-end  $: THB   34.2265    34.6153    33.1964 
Period average  $: THB   34.7867    35.1428    32.1003 
Period-end  $: KHR   4,080.0304    4,114.3335    4,068.9577 
Period average  $: KHR   4,105.4181    4,083.7043    4,065.8164 
Period-end  $: RMB   7.0971    6.9091    6.3551 
Period average  $: RMB   7.0835    6.4569    6.4368 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term deposits with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

 

Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net

 

Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) cost, net primarily include deposits paid to suppliers, prepaid expenses, the prepaid professional fee which meets the definition of deferred IPO cost, and other deposits.

 

Deferred IPO costs consist of underwriting, legal, accounting and other expenses incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the Initial Public Offering and that were charged to shareholders’ equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering.

 

Plant and equipment, net

 

Plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. The Company typically applies a salvage value of 0%. The estimated useful lives of the plan and equipment are as follows:

 

 

Furniture and fixtures   3 – 5 years
Leasehold improvements   the lesser of useful life or term of lease
Medical instruments   3 – 10 years
Motor vehicle   3 – 5 years
Office equipment   3 – 5 years

 

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts, and any gain or loss are included in the Company’s results of operations. The costs of maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Significant renewals and betterments that extend the useful life of an assets are capitalized.

 

Impairment of long-lived assets

 

The Company evaluates the long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. Impairment may become obsolete from a difference in the industry, introduction of new technologies, or if the Company has inadequate working capital to utilize the long-lived assets to generate adequate profits. Impairment is present if the carrying amount of an asset is less than its expected future undiscounted cash flows.

 

If an asset is considered impaired, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of are reported lower the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.

 

Inventories

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs are determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Net realizable value is based on the estimated selling prices less any estimated costs to be incurred to completion and disposal. A provision for excess and obsolete inventory will be made based primarily on forecasts of product demand. The excess balance determined by this analysis becomes the basis for excess inventory charge and the written-down value of the inventory becomes its cost. Written-down inventory would not be reversed if market conditions improve.

 

Other borrowings

 

Other borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of debt issuance costs incurred. Other borrowings are subsequently stated at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of debt issuance costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

 

Ordinary shares

 

The Company’s ordinary shares are stated at par value of $0.01 per ordinary share. The difference between the consideration received, net of issuance cost, and the par value is recorded in additional paid-in capital.

 

Revenue recognition

 

The Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all subsequent ASUs that modified ASC 606 on April 1, 2017 using the full retrospective method which requires the Company to present the financial statements for all periods as if Topic 606 had been applied to all prior periods. The Company derives revenue principally from provision of In vitro fertilization (“IVF”) treatment and surrogacy and ancillary caring services. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using the following five steps:

 

(1)identify its contracts with customers;

 

(2)identify its performance obligations under those contracts;

 

(3)determine the transaction prices of those contracts;

 

(4)allocate the transaction prices to its performance obligations in those contracts; and

 

(5)recognize revenue when each performance obligation under those contracts is satisfied. Revenue is recognized when promised services are transferred to the client in an amount that reflects the consideration expected in exchange for those services.

 

The Company enters into service agreements with its customers that outline the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of each party. The agreements also identify the scope of services, service fees, and payment terms. Agreements are acknowledged and signed by both parties. All the contracts have commercial substance, and it is probable that the Company will collect considerations from its customers for service component.

 

The Company derives its revenues from two sources: (1) revenue from IVF treatment, and (2) revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services.

 

Revenue from IVF treatment

 

In vitro fertilization (“IVF”) treatment is an assisted reproductive technique where eggs and sperm are collected and fertilized in laboratory to become embryo. Fertilized embryo is then implanted to the customer or a surrogate mother. IVF treatment involves the performance of a series of medical treatment and procedures that are not separately distinct and only brings benefits to customer when embryo is successfully implanted, therefore revenue from IVF treatment is recognized at a point in time when it is completed in clinic. The completion of this treatment is evidenced by a written IVF report indicating successful embryo implantation. The Company collects payment from customer in advance for IVF treatment. The amount of revenue recognized from contract liabilities to the Company’s result of operations can be found in Note 8 below.

 

Revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services

 

The Company provides surrogacy and ancillary caring services solely in Kyrgyzstan. Embryo from blood parents is implanted to surrogate mother contracted by the Company. During pregnancy period, the Company provides ancillary caring services including regular body check and provision of vitamins, supplements and medicines to surrogate mothers. The key performance obligation is identified as a single performance obligation where a baby is born, therefore revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services is recognized at a point in time when surrogate mother gives birth. The Company collects approximately 40% of contract sum upfront, and remaining contract sum is collected in installments across pregnancy period of surrogate mother. The amount of revenue recognized from contract liabilities to the Company’s result of operations can be found in Note 8 below.

 

Contract related assets and liabilities are classified as current assets and current liabilities. Significant balance sheet accounts related to the revenue cycle are as follows:

 

Account receivables, net

 

Accounts receivable, net are stated at the original amount less an allowance for expected credit loss on such receivables. The allowance for expected credit loss is estimated based upon the Company’s assessment of various factors including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, current general economic conditions, future expectations and customer specific quantitative and qualitative factors that may affect the Company’s customers’ ability to pay. An allowance is also made when there is objective evidence for the Company to reasonably estimate the amount of probable loss.

 

Contract liabilities

 

Contract liabilities represent considerations received from customers in advance of satisfying the Company’s performance obligations under the contract. These amounts are expected to be earned within 12 months and are classified as current liabilities.

 

Expected credit loss

 

ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments requires entities to use a current lifetime expected credit loss methodology to measure impairments of certain financial assets. Using this methodology will result in earlier recognition of losses than under the current incurred loss approach, which requires waiting to recognize a loss until it is probable of having been incurred. There are other provisions within the standard that affect how impairments of other financial assets may be recorded and presented, and that expand disclosures. Expected credit losses are probability-weighted estimates of credit losses. Credit losses are measured at the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e., the difference between the cash flows due to the entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive). ECLs are discounted at the effective interest rate of the financial asset.

 

Retirement benefits

 

Retirement benefits in the form of mandatory government-sponsored defined contribution plans are charged to either expense as incurred or allocated to wages as part of cost of revenues.

 

Segment information

 

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), or decision making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company operates and manages in one operating segment. The Company defines its CODM as Mr. Siu Wing Fund Alfred, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. Since the Company operates in one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in the consolidated financial statements. The long-lived assets and revenue from external customers as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 by geographical area are presented in Note 13.

 

Leases

 

The Company measured the lease in accordance to ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). Lease terms used to calculate the present value of lease payments generally do not include any options to extend, renew, or terminate the lease, as the Company does not have reasonable certainty at lease inception that these options will be exercised. The Company generally considers the economic life of its operating lease ROU assets to be comparable to the useful life of similar owned assets. The Company has elected the short-term lease exception, therefore operating lease ROU assets and liabilities do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Its leases generally do not provide a residual guarantee. The operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $283,847 and $383,670 million right of use (“ROU”) assets and $326,107 and $426,838 lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum rental payments of leases, respectively. The Company’s management believes that using an incremental borrowing rate of the minimum loan rate and the Hong Kong Dollar Best Lending Rate (“BLR”) minus 0.125% was the most indicative rate of the Company’s borrowing cost for the calculation of the present value of the lease payments; the rate used by the Company was 6.6% and 5.0% respectively.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company recognizes deferred income tax assets or liabilities for expected future tax consequences of events recognized in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the income tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset is not realizable or recoverable in the future.

 

The Company determines that the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained and records the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized when the tax position is settled. the Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

 

Comprehensive Income

 

The Company presents comprehensive income in accordance with ASC Topic 220, Comprehensive Income. ASC Topic 220 states that all items that are required to be recognized under accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in the consolidated financial statements. The components of comprehensive income were the net income for the years and the foreign currency translation adjustments.

 

Earnings per share

 

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) following ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per share”. Basic EPS is measured as the income or loss available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per-share basis from the potential conversion of convertible securities or the exercise of options and or warrants; the dilutive impacts of potentially convertible securities are calculated using the as-if method; the potentially dilutive effect of options or warranties are computed using the treasury stock method. Potentially anti-dilutive securities (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from diluted EPS calculation. There were no potentially dilutive securities that were in-the-money that were outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

 

Related parties

 

The Company adopted ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures, for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.

 

Commitments and contingencies

 

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of the business that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Company recognizes its liability for such contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss has occurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.

 

Non-controlling interests

 

Non-controlling interests are presented as a separate component of equity on the consolidated balance sheets and net (loss) income and other comprehensive loss are attributed to controlling and non-controlling interests respectively.

 

Concentration of risks

 

Concentration of credit risk

 

Financial instruments that potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and account receivable. The Company places cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions with high credit ratings and quality.

 

Accounts receivable primarily comprise of amounts receivable from the service customers. The Company conducts credit evaluations of customers, and generally does not require collateral or other security from its customers. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts primarily based upon the factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers.

 

Concentration of customers

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, two and Nil customers which individually contributed more than 10% of trade receivable, accounted for 96.3% and Nil of the Company’s trade receivable respectively.

 

None of the customers contributed more than 10% of revenue for years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

 

Concentration of suppliers

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, one and four suppliers which individually contributed more than 10% of trade payable, accounted for 30.6% and 69.8% of the Company’s trade payable respectively.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, Nil, two and two vendors which contributed more than 10% of total purchases of the Company, accounted for Nil, 55.3% and 35.6% of the Company’s total purchases respectively.

 

Financial instruments

 

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, net, deposits, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net, loan to A SPAC I, accounts payables, accrued liabilities and other payables, and due from (to) shareholders, have carrying amounts that approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” requires disclosing the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts and other payables, accrued liabilities and amounts due from (to) related parties each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

 

●Level 1 — inputs to the valuation methodology used quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

 

●Level 2 — inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and information that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the financial instrument’s full term

 

●Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

 

The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” and ASC 815.

 

Recent accounting pronouncements adopted

 

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, which amends and clarifies several provisions of Topic 326. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) Targeted Transition Relief, which amends Topic 326 to allow the fair value option to be elected for certain financial instruments upon adoption. ASU 2019-10 extended the effective date of ASU 2016-13 until December 15, 2022. This standard replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. CECL requires an estimate of credit losses for the remaining estimated life of the financial asset using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and generally applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, and some off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. Financial assets measured at amortized cost will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by using an allowance for expected credit losses. The Company already adopted the new standard and the Company recognizes the full impact of the new standard in these consolidated balance sheets and makes related disclosures.

 

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

 

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280)” (“ASU 2023-07”). The amendments in ASU 2023-07 improve financial reporting by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more decision useful financial analyses. Topic 280 requires a public entity to report a measure of segment profit or loss that the chief operating decision maker (CODM) uses to assess segment performance and make decisions about allocating resources. Topic 280 also requires other specified segment items and amounts, such as depreciation, amortization, and depletion expense, to be disclosed under certain circumstances. The amendments in ASU 202307 do not change or remove those disclosure requirements. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 also do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, adopted retrospectively. Management considers that the guidance does not have a significant impact on the disclosures set out in these consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2023, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740)” (“ASU 2023-09”). The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. One of the amendments in ASU 2023-09 includes disclosure of, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation of (i) the reported income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations, to (ii) the product of the income (or loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and the applicable statutory federal income tax rate of the jurisdiction of domicile using specific categories, including separate disclosure for any reconciling items within certain categories that are equal to or greater than a specified quantitative threshold of 5%. ASU 2023-09 also requires disclosure of, on an annual basis, the year to date amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions, including additional disaggregated information on income taxes paid (net of refunds received) to an individual jurisdiction equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). The amendments in ASU2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and should be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the update on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

 

Save for elsewhere disclosed, the Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and statement of cash flows.
v3.24.2.u1
Accounts Receivable, Net
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts Receivable, Net [Abstract]  
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

NOTE 3 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

 

Accounts receivable, net consists of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Accounts receivable  $9,393   $13,026 
Less: allowance for expected credit loss   (19)   (26)
   $9,374   $13,000 

 

As of the end of each of the financial year, the aging analysis of accounts receivable, net of allowance for expected credit loss, based on the invoice date is as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Within 90 days  $9,374   $13,000 
   $9,374   $13,000 

 

The movement of allowances for expected credit loss is as follow:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of the year  $(26)  $(286)
Reversal of expected credit losses   7    260 
Ending balance  $(19)  $(26)
v3.24.2.u1
Inventories
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Inventories [Abstract]  
INVENTORIES

NOTE 4 — INVENTORIES

 

Inventories consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Medicines, consumables and reagents for clinical and laboratory analyses  $126,264   $46,910 
   $126,264   $46,910 
v3.24.2.u1
Deposits, Prepayment, Other Receivables and Deferred IPO Cost, Net
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Deposit, Prepayment and Other Receivables, Net [Abstract]  
DEPOSITS, PREPAYMENT, OTHER RECEIVABLES AND DEFERRED IPO COST, NET

NOTE 5 — DEPOSITS, PREPAYMENT, OTHER RECEIVABLES AND DEFERRED IPO COST, NET

 

Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
         
Other receivables  $15,910   $30,295 
Deposits   123,008    40,131 
Prepayment   4,848    
-
 
Deferred initial public offering “IPO” cost   373,677    
-
 
Less: allowance for expected credit loss   (14)   (141)
   $517,429   $70,285 

 

The movement of allowances for expected credit loss is as follow:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of the year  $(141)  $(115)
Reversal of provision (Provision)   127    (30)
Effect of currency translation adjustment   
-
    4 
Ending balance  $(14)  $(141)
v3.24.2.u1
Plant and Equipment, Net
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]  
PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

NOTE 6 — PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

Plant and equipment, net consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
At cost:          
Building improvement  $92,438   $72,519 
Furniture and fixtures   250,493    246,682 
Medical instruments   844,809    791,514 
Motor vehicle   142,936    142,936 
Office equipment   150,688    146,432 
    1,481,364    1,400,083 
Less: accumulated depreciation   (1,319,207)   (1,277,410)
Total  $162,157   $122,673 

 

Depreciation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were $31,173 and $100,533, respectively. Loss on disposal of assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $Nil and $114,013, respectively, due to moving of clinic to new location in First Fertility PGS Center Limited in 2022.

 

No impairment loss was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022.
v3.24.2.u1
Accrued Liabilties and Other Payables
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accrued Liabilties and Other Payables [Abstract]  
ACCRUED LIABILTIES AND OTHER PAYABLES

NOTE 7 — ACCRUED LIABILTIES AND OTHER PAYABLES

 

Accrued liabilities and other payables consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Accrued expenses  $43,633   $22,345 
Other tax payable   
—
    3,180 
Withholding tax payable   7,349    82,240 
Compensation payable (Note 1)   144,015    117,935 
Other payables   46,616    64,077 
   $241,613   $289,777 

 

Note 1:Compensation payable represented a claim relating to an employee of First Fertility PGS Center Limited (“FFC”). On April 23, 2023, the compensation agreement is finalized with the employee and the compensation is payable in 12 instalments within one year from 2023.
v3.24.2.u1
Contract Liabilities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Contract Liabilities [Abstract]  
CONTRACT LIABILITIES

NOTE 8 — CONTRACT LIABILITIES

 

Contract liabilities consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of year  $1,360,168   $812,158 
Additions   112,006    1,360,168 
Recognized to revenue during the year   (122,662)   (812,158)
Refund to customers (Note 1)   (1,341,575)   
-
 
Balance at end of year  $7,937   $1,360,168 

 

Note 1:Refund of the deposits received from customer for services not rendered during 2023. China-based clients who prepaid for surrogacy and ancillary caring services requested refund of fees so such clients can appoint their own surrogate mothers in countries in which the Company does not conduct business. The Company sent the funds to accounts dictated by the clients and terminated service contract with those clients.
v3.24.2.u1
Leases
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]  
LEASES

NOTE 9 — LEASES

 

The Company has various operating leases for clinics and office spaces. The lease agreements do not specify an explicit interest rate. The Company’s management believes that the interest rate of 6.6% and 5% was the most indicative rate of the Company’s borrowing cost for the calculation of the present value of the lease payments.

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the right-of-use assets totaled $283,847, and $383,670, respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, lease liabilities consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Lease liabilities – current portion  $207,128   $184,651 
Lease liabilities – non-current portion   118,979    242,187 
Total  $326,107   $426,838 

 

Other lease information is as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases   0.92 years    1.91 years 
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases   5%   5%
Short term lease cost  $114,937   $89,380 

 

The following is a schedule of future minimum payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2023:

 

   December 31,
2023		 
Not later than 1 year  $240,835 
Between 1 to 2 years   111,613 
Between 2 to 3 years   10,373 
Total lease payments   362,821 
Less: imputed interest   (36,714)
Total operating lease liabilities, net of interest  $326,107 
v3.24.2.u1
Equity
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
EQUITY

NOTE 10 — EQUITY

 

Ordinary shares

 

As at December 31, 2023, the Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 ordinary shares. Each ordinary share is entitled to one vote. The holders of ordinary shares are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

On April 3, 2024, the Company completed the business combination with A SPAC I Acquisition Corp.

 

The equity of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 represents 698,123 and 601,830 ordinary shares amounting to $6,981 and $6,018, respectively.

 

Subscription receivables

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of year  $319,872   $
—
 
Issuance of shares (Note 1)   2,866,856    319,872 
Settlement of subscription receivable (Note 2)   (219,628)   
—
 
Total  $2,967,100   $319,872 

 

Note 1:On August 15, 2022, the Company issued and allotted additional 41,830 ordinary shares to Seazen Resources Investment Limited (“Seazen”) at the consideration of $961,538, of which other borrowings of $641,025 and $641 settlement was offset with consideration as partial settlement and $319,872 was subscription receivable due from Seazen.

 

Note 2:On January 18, 2023, the Company received $192,308 from Seazen, reducing the subscription receivable by $192,308. On January 10, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 27,293 ordinary shares to Tung Donald Fan and Hok Lun Alan Lau at the consideration of $812,573. On December 4, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 69,000 shares to DoubleClick Services Limited at $2,054,283. Among the subscription receivable during the year, $27,320 was settled by the professional consulting service rendered during the year ended December 31, 2023.

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of year  $1,458,941    257,821 
Directors’ remuneration (Note 1)   
—
    240,000 
Issuance of shares (Note 2)   2,865,893    961,120 
Total  $4,324,834    1,458,941 

 

Note 1: The Company recorded remuneration to its directors, Mr. Siu, Wing Fung Alfred and Ms. Fong, Hei Yue Tina. The remuneration to Mr. Siu, Wing Fung Alfred and Ms. Fong, Hei Yue Tina was $120,000 and $120,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022, respectively. The directors considered remuneration as a capital injection rather than receiving it in cash, resulting in an $240,000 increase in paid-in capital.

 

Note 2: On August 15, 2022, the Company issued 41,830 ordinary shares to Seazen, increasing the additional paid-in capital by $961,120. On January 10, 2023, the Company issued 27,293 ordinary shares to professional party for consulting service of 10 years, increasing the additional paid-in capital by $812,300. On December 4, 2023, the Company issued additional 69,000 shares to DoubleClick Services Limited for consulting service of 10 years, increasing the additional paid-in capital by $2,053,593.
v3.24.2.u1
Employee Benefit Plans
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Employee Benefit Plans [Abstract]  
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

NOTE 11 — EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

 

HK SAR

 

The Company has a defined contribution pension scheme for its qualifying employees. The scheme assets are held under a provident fund managed by an independent fund manager. The Company and its employees are each required to make contributions to the scheme calculated at 5% of the employees’ basic salaries on monthly basis.

 

Thailand

 

The Company is obliged to make social security payments within the first 15 days of the month over which it is accrued. Special concession had been determined by the Government which saw the standard amount THB750 per month per person reduced to THB450 per month per person.

 

Cambodia

 

Every business employing one or more workers must register its business and workers with the National Social Security Fund (the “NSSF”) for the Occupational Risk Scheme (for work-related accidents and occupational diseases), the Health Care Scheme and the Pension Scheme.

 

Once registered, the business must pay to the NSSF:

 

●A monthly contribution equivalent to 0.8% of each worker’s monthly average wages (between $0.40 and $2.40 per month per worker) for the Occupational Risk Scheme.

 

●A monthly contribution equivalent to 2.6% of a worker’s monthly average wages (between $1.30 and $7.80 per month per worker) for the Health Care Scheme.

 

●A monthly contribution to the compulsory Pension Scheme, which is jointly paid by the employer and the employee at the same rate of 2% (total of 4%) of the contributable wage for the first five years. The contributable wage for the Pension Scheme ranges from between KHR400,000 (approximately $100) up to KHR1,200,000 (approximately $300).

 

Kyrgyzstan

 

The Company has a defined contribution pension scheme for its qualifying employees. The scheme assets are held under a provident fund managed by an independent fund manager. The Company and its employees are each required to make contributions to the scheme calculated at 15% and 8%, respectively of the employees’ basic salaries on monthly basis.
v3.24.2.u1
Provision for Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Provision for Income Taxes [Abstract]  
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

NOTE 12 — PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

 

Cayman Islands

 

NewGenIvf Limited was incorporated in the Cayman Islands and is not subject to tax on income or capital gains under current Cayman Islands law. In addition, upon payment of dividends by these entities to the shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.

 

HK SAR

 

Under the two-tiered profits tax rates regime, Hong Kong tax residents are subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax in respect of profits arising in or derived from Hong Kong at 8.25% for the first HK$2 million of profits of the qualifying group entity, and profits above HK$2 million will be taxed at 16.5%. The profits of group entities not qualifying for the two-tiered profits tax rates regime will continue to be taxed at a flat rate of 16.5%.

 

Accordingly, the HK SAR profits tax is calculated at 8.25% on the first HK$2 million of the estimated assessable profits and at 16.5% on the remaining estimated assessable profits.

 

Thailand

 

The companies incorporated in Thailand are taxed on worldwide income. A company incorporated abroad is taxed on its profits arising from or in consequence of the business carried on in Thailand. The corporate income tax (CIT) rate is 20%. A foreign company not carrying on business in Thailand is subject to a final withholding tax (WHT) on certain types of assessable income (e.g. interest, dividends, royalties, rentals, and service fees) paid from or in Thailand. The rate of tax is generally 15%, except for dividends, which is 10%, while other rates may apply under the provisions of a double tax treaty (DTT).

 

Cambodia

 

The standard rate of corporate income tax (“CIT”) for companies and permanent establishments who are classified as medium and large taxpayers is 20%. For companies and permanent establishments who are classified as small taxpayers, the CIT rates are progressive rates from 0% to 20%. In view of the annual turnover of the company, the annual turnover ranges from KHR1 billion to KHR6 billion for service and commercial sectors, the company shall consider as the medium-sized company.

 

Kyrgyzstan

 

The company is subject to a corporate income tax on their aggregate annual income earned worldwide. Non-resident legal entities carrying out business activities through a permanent establishment in Kyrgyzstan are subject to profit tax on the income attributed to the activities of that permanent establishments.

 

Profit tax is calculated at a rate of 10% of aggregate annual income less allowed deductions.

 

Significant components of the provisions for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 were as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Current tax provision Kyrgyzstan   
—
    196,116 
Current tax provision Cambodia   
—
    11,323 
Late penalty provision Kyrgyzstan   
—
    702 
Total provision for income taxes  $
—
   $208,141 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022   2021 
Income before taxes  $108,418   $343,988   $156,184 
Tax expenses (credit) at the effective tax rates   10,732    (124,591)   36,755 
Tax effect on non-taxable income   (39,173)   
—
    
—
 
Tax effect on non-deductible expenses   
—
    369,101    114,656 
Tax effect on late penalty provision   
—
    
—
    145,295 
Change in valuation allowance   28,441    
—
    
—
 
Tax effect on utilization of tax losses   
—
    (36,369)   (1,990)
Income taxes  $
—
    208,141   $294,716 

 

Deferred tax asset, net

 

Significant components of deferred tax assets, net were as follows:

 

   December 31,
2023		   December 31,
2022		 
   USD   USD 
Deferred tax assets:          
– Net operating loss carry forward   28,441    
—
 
Less: valuation allowance   (28,441)   
—
 
Deferred tax assets, net   
—
    
—
 

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had net operating loss carry forward of $164,721 and $297,207. The Company believes it is less likely than not that its operations will be able to fully utilize its deferred tax assets related to the net operating loss carry forward. As a result, the Company provided 100% allowance on deferred tax assets on net operating loss.
v3.24.2.u1
Disaggregated Revenues
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Disaggregated Revenues [Abstract]  
DISAGGREGATED REVENUES

NOTE 13 — DISAGGREGATED REVENUES

 

The Company’s main business operations are to provide: (i) IVF treatment service; and (ii) surrogacy and ancillary caring services.

 

   For the year ended
December 31,		 
Revenue from external customers  2023   2022   2021 
IVF treatment service  $4,021,696   $2,819,163   $3,199,683 
Surrogacy, ancillary caring and other services   1,114,457    3,125,027    918,437 
Total revenues  $5,136,153   $5,944,190   $4,118,120 

 

Geographical information

 

   December 31, 
Revenue from external customers originated from  2023   2022   2021 
HK SAR  $34,038    
—
   $
—
 
Kyrgyzstan   3,123,593    5,060,973    3,110,483 
Cambodia   621,619    377,608    313,737 
Thailand   1,356,903    505,609    693,900 
Total revenues  $5,136,153    5,944,190   $4,118,120 

 

The revenue information above is based on the locations where the revenue originated.

 

   December 31, 
Long-lived assets located at  2023   2022   2021 
HK SAR  $584   $
—
      
Kyrgyzstan   
—
    22,513    20,835 
Cambodia   137,472    229,085    332,799 
Thailand   307,948    254,745    238,744 
   $446,004   $506,343    592,378 

 

The Company’s long-lived assets consist of plant and equipment, net and operating leases right-of-use assets, net.
v3.24.2.u1
Risks
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Risks [Abstract]  
RISKS

NOTE 14 — RISKS

 

A. Credit risk

 

Accounts receivable

 

In order to minimize the credit risk, the management of the Company monitors and ensures that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. The Company considers the probability of default upon initial recognition of asset and whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk on an ongoing basis throughout each reporting period. To assess whether there is a significant increase in credit risk, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the asset as at the reporting date with the risk of default as at the date of initial recognition. It considers available reasonable and supportive forward-looking information, such as GDP growth rate and nominal GDP per capita. Based on the impairment assessment performed by the Company, the directors consider the loss allowance for account receivables as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is $19 and $26, respectively.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit ratings assigned by international credit-rating agencies. The Company is exposed to concentration of credit risk on liquid funds which are deposited with several banks with high credit ratings.

 

Deposits and other receivables, amount due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I

 

The Company assessed the impairment for deposits and other receivables, due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I individually based on internal credit rating and ageing of these debtors which, in the opinion of the directors, have no significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition. Based on the impairment assessment performed by the Company, the directors consider the loss allowance for deposits and other receivables, due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I as of December 31, 2023 is $14, $17,818 and Nil, respectively. The loss allowance for deposits and other receivables, due from shareholders and loan to A SPAC I as of December 31, 2022 is $141, $17,059 and Nil, respectively. The loss allowance for deposits and other receivables and amount due from shareholders as of December 31, 2021 was $115 and $6,312 and Nil, respectively.

 

B. Interest risk

 

Cash flow interest rate risk

 

The Company is exposed to cash flow interest rate risk through the changes in interest rates related mainly to the Company’s variable-rates bank balances.

 

The Company currently does not have any interest rate hedging policy in relation to fair value interest rate risk and cash flow interest rate risk. The directors monitor the Company’s exposures on an ongoing basis and will consider hedging the interest rate should the need arises.

 

Sensitivity analysis

 

The sensitivity analysis below has been determined by assuming that a change in interest rates had occurred at the end of the reporting period and had been applied to the exposure to interest rates for financial instruments in existence at that date. 1% increase or decrease is used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in interest rates.

 

If interest rates had been 1% higher or lower and all other variables were held constant, the Company’s net (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 would have increased or decreased by approximately $541, $275 and $287, respectively.

 

Foreign currency risk

 

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the holding of foreign currency assets will affect the Company’s financial position as a result of a change in foreign currency exchange rates.

 

The Company’s monetary assets and liabilities are mainly denominated in HK$, THB, KHR and RMB which are the same as the functional currencies of the relevant group entities. Hence, in the opinion of the directors of the Company, the currency risk of US$ is considered insignificant. The Company currently does not have a foreign currency hedging policy to eliminate currency exposures. However, the directors monitor the related foreign currency exposure closely and will consider hedging significant foreign currency exposures should the need arise.

 

C. Economic and political risks

 

The Company’s operations are mainly conducted in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by changes in the political, economic, and legal environments in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan.

 

The Company’s operations in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan are subject to special considerations and significant risks. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in Thailand, Cambodia and Kyrgyzstan, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

 

D. Inflation risk

 

Management monitors changes in prices levels. Historically inflation has not materially impacted the Company’s consolidated financial statements; however, significant increases in the price of labor that cannot be passed to the Company’s customers could adversely impact the Company’s results of operations.
v3.24.2.u1
Related Party Balances and Transactions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Balances and Transactions [Abstract]  
RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS

NOTE 15 — RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS

 

The summary of amount due from and due to related parties as the following:

 

      December 31, 
   Relationship  2023   2022 
Due from shareholders consist of the following:           
Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred (“Mr. Siu”) and Ms. Fong Hei Yue, Tina (“Ms. Fong”)  Shareholders and directors (note 1)  $354,285   $2,240,872 
              
Due to a related party consist of the following:             
Harcourt Limited  A related company (note 2)  $
-
   $(110,773)

 

Note

 

(1)Ms. Fong is the spouse of Mr. Siu. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the due from shareholders balance was $354,285 and $2,240,872, respectively.

 

(2)The directors and shareholders of Harcourt Limited are Mr. Siu and Ms. Fong, Harcourt Limited therefore has the common ultimate beneficial owners with the Company.

 

The balance due from shareholders consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Due from shareholders  $372,103   $2,257,931 
Less: allowance for expected credit loss   (17,818)   (17,059)
   $354,285   $2,240,872 

 

The movement of allowances for expected credit loss is as follow:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of the year  $(17,059)  $(6,312)
Provision   (759)   (10,747)
Ending balance  $(17,818)  $(17,059)

 

In addition to the transactions and balances detailed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, the Company had the following transactions with related parties:

 

   December 31, 
   2023   2022   2021 
Directors’ remuneration to Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred  $125,000   $120,000   $100,000 
Directors’ remuneration to Ms. Fong Hei Yue, Tina   125,000    120,000    100,000 
Waiver of related party balance of Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred   (88,151)   
—
    
—
 
v3.24.2.u1
Loan to a SPAC I
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Loan to a SPAC I [Abstract]  
LOAN TO A SPAC I

NOTE 16 — LOAN TO A SPAC I

 

On June 12, 2023, NewGenIvf Limited (the “Company”) and A SPAC I Acquisition Corp (“A SPAC I”) entered into a First Amendment to Merger Agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to provide non-interest bearing loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $560,000 (the “Loan”) to A SPAC I to fund amounts required to further extend the period of time available for A SPAC I to consummate a business combination, and for working capital and payment of professional, administrative and operational expenses, and other purposes as mutually agreed by A SPAC I and the Company. The Loan will only become repayable upon the closing of the Acquisition Merger. As of December 31, 2023, $140,000 was outstanding under the loan. The Company completed the business combination with A SPAC I Acquisition Corp on April 3, 2024. After the combination, the balance of loan to A SPAC I was eliminated in the subsequent period.
v3.24.2.u1
Impact of Covid-19
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Impact of Covid-19 [Abstract]  
IMPACT OF COVID-19

NOTE 17 — IMPACT OF COVID-19

 

The COVID-19 has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted consumer spending and global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. The Company experienced some resulting disruptions to the Company’s business operations, and the Company expected the COVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business and financial performance.

 

Due to the ongoing recession caused by the COVID-19, the Company’s business is likely to be adversely impacted. The effects of recession can also increase economic instability with vendors and customers.
v3.24.2.u1
Contingencies
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Contingencies [Abstract]  
CONTINGENCIES

NOTE 18 — CONTINGENCIES

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was not a party to any legal or administrative proceedings.

 

First Fertility Bishkek LLC (“FFB”), the Company incorporated in Kyrgyzstan, did not report the current year tax   to the tax authority till the reporting date since 2023. The late tax filing may lead to contingent tax penalty as of December 31, 2023. Since FFB had no profit for the year ended December 31, 2023, the tax department may not issue tax return at current tax position. The tax return is not yet filed so it is not possible to give the Company evaluation of the likelihood of the outcome or estimate the possible amount of tax penalty. The contingent tax penalty is reasonably possible and estimated at $486,706. Thus, no provision was made. Except the potential tax issue, the Company concludes that there was no contingent liability, either individually or in the aggregate, that could have resulted in an unfavorable outcome with a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, consolidated financial condition, or cash flows.
v3.24.2.u1
Segment information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Information [Abstract]  
SEGMENT INFORMATION

NOTE 19 — segment information

 

The Company uses the management approach to determine reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s CODM, specifically the Group’s CEO and CFO, for making decisions, allocating resources and assessing performance.

 

The Company does not distinguish revenues, costs and expenses between segments in its internal reporting, but instead reports costs and expenses by nature as a whole. Based on the management’s assessment, the Group determines that it has only one operating segment and therefore one reportable segment as defined by ASC 280. As such, all financial segment information required by the authoritative guidance can be found in these consolidated financial statements.
v3.24.2.u1
Subsequent Events
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

NOTE 20 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, other than as described below, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.

 

Convertible note

 

On February 29, 2024, A SPAC I Acquisition Corp. (“ASCA”), A SPAC I Mini Acquisition Corp. (the then name of NewGenIvf Group Limited), NewGenIvf Limited (“NewGenIvf”, the “Company”), A SPAC I Mini Sub Acquisition Corp. (the “Merger Sub”), and certain buyers named therein led by JAK Opportunities VI LLC (collectively, the “Buyers” or “JAK”) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which the NewGenIvf Group Limited agreed to issue and sell to JAK, in a private placement, an aggregate of up to $3,500,000 principal amount of convertible notes (the “Notes”), consisting of one or more tranches: (i) an initial tranche (the “Initial Tranche”) of an aggregate principal amount of Notes of up to $1,750,000 and including an original issue discount of up to aggregate $122,500, and (ii) subsequent tranches of an aggregate principal amount of Notes of up to $1,750,000 and including an original issue discount of up to aggregate $122,500.

 

On April 3, 2024, JAK received a certain amount of ordinary shares of the NewGenIvf Group Limited (the “Commitment Shares”), which were converted from the Company ordinary shares issued to JAK in February 2024 and equaled 295,000 ordinary shares of the NewGenIvf Group Limited, as well as an additional 100,000 ordinary shares of the NewGenIvf Group Limited, which were converted from the Company ordinary shares transferred by another shareholder of the Company to JAK in March 2024. In addition, a subsequent tranche of the Notes in the principal amount of $250,000 was issued and sold to JAK shortly after the closing of the Business Combination. As such, as of April 4, 2024, an aggregate principal amount of Notes of $2,000,000 were issued and sold to JAK.

 

Business combination

 

On April 3, 2024, the Company completed the business combination with A SPAC I Acquisition Corp. After the combination, the combined company will be named “NewGenIvf Group Limited” (“NewGenIvf Group”) and its shares and warrants are expected to begin trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the tickers “NIVF”, and “NIVFW”, respectively, on April 4, 2024 .
v3.24.2.u1
Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of consolidation and basis of preparation

Principles of consolidation and basis of preparation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries in which a controlling interest is maintained. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Management has prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements and these notes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The Company maintains its general ledger and journals with the accrual method accounting.

 
Use of estimates

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant estimates required to be made by management include, but are not limited to, contingent tax liability for Kyrgyzstan. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and as such, differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.
Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency translation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollar (“$”), which is the reporting currency of the Company. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries, FFPGS (HK) Limited and Well Image Limited, are Hong Kong dollar (“HK$”). Med Holdings and FFC use Thai baht (“THB”) as their functional currencies. First Fertility Phnom Penh Limited uses Cambodian riel (“KHR”) as its functional currency and First Fertility Bishkek LLC uses United States dollar (“USD”) as its functional currency.

Assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the reporting currency are translated into the reporting currency at the rates of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Translation gains and losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as other comprehensive income or loss.

Transactions in currencies other than the reporting currency are measured and recorded in the reporting currency at the exchange rate prevailing on the transaction date. The cumulative gain or loss from foreign currency transactions is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as other income (other expenses).

The value of foreign currencies including, the HK$, THB, KHR and RMB, may fluctuate against the United States dollar. Any significant variations of the aforementioned currencies relative to the United States dollar may materially affect the Company’s financial condition in terms of reporting in USD. The following table outlines the currency exchange rates that were used in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements:

      2023   2022   2021 
Period-end  $: HK$   7.8000    7.8000    7.8000 
Period average  $: HK$   7.8000    7.8000    7.8000 
Period-end  $: THB   34.2265    34.6153    33.1964 
Period average  $: THB   34.7867    35.1428    32.1003 
Period-end  $: KHR   4,080.0304    4,114.3335    4,068.9577 
Period average  $: KHR   4,105.4181    4,083.7043    4,065.8164 
Period-end  $: RMB   7.0971    6.9091    6.3551 
Period average  $: RMB   7.0835    6.4569    6.4368 

 
Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term deposits with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net

Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net

Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) cost, net primarily include deposits paid to suppliers, prepaid expenses, the prepaid professional fee which meets the definition of deferred IPO cost, and other deposits.

Deferred IPO costs consist of underwriting, legal, accounting and other expenses incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the Initial Public Offering and that were charged to shareholders’ equity upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering.
Plant and equipment, net

Plant and equipment, net

Plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. The Company typically applies a salvage value of 0%. The estimated useful lives of the plan and equipment are as follows:

Furniture and fixtures   3 – 5 years
Leasehold improvements   the lesser of useful life or term of lease
Medical instruments   3 – 10 years
Motor vehicle   3 – 5 years
Office equipment   3 – 5 years

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts, and any gain or loss are included in the Company’s results of operations. The costs of maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Significant renewals and betterments that extend the useful life of an assets are capitalized.
Impairment of long-lived assets

Impairment of long-lived assets

The Company evaluates the long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. Impairment may become obsolete from a difference in the industry, introduction of new technologies, or if the Company has inadequate working capital to utilize the long-lived assets to generate adequate profits. Impairment is present if the carrying amount of an asset is less than its expected future undiscounted cash flows.

If an asset is considered impaired, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of are reported lower the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.

 
Inventories

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs are determined on a first-in, first-out basis. Net realizable value is based on the estimated selling prices less any estimated costs to be incurred to completion and disposal. A provision for excess and obsolete inventory will be made based primarily on forecasts of product demand. The excess balance determined by this analysis becomes the basis for excess inventory charge and the written-down value of the inventory becomes its cost. Written-down inventory would not be reversed if market conditions improve.
Other borrowings

Other borrowings

Other borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of debt issuance costs incurred. Other borrowings are subsequently stated at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of debt issuance costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.
Ordinary shares

Ordinary shares

The Company’s ordinary shares are stated at par value of $0.01 per ordinary share. The difference between the consideration received, net of issuance cost, and the par value is recorded in additional paid-in capital.
Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition

The Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all subsequent ASUs that modified ASC 606 on April 1, 2017 using the full retrospective method which requires the Company to present the financial statements for all periods as if Topic 606 had been applied to all prior periods. The Company derives revenue principally from provision of In vitro fertilization (“IVF”) treatment and surrogacy and ancillary caring services. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using the following five steps:

(1)identify its contracts with customers;
(2)identify its performance obligations under those contracts;
(3)determine the transaction prices of those contracts;
(4)allocate the transaction prices to its performance obligations in those contracts; and
(5)recognize revenue when each performance obligation under those contracts is satisfied. Revenue is recognized when promised services are transferred to the client in an amount that reflects the consideration expected in exchange for those services.

The Company enters into service agreements with its customers that outline the rights, responsibilities, and obligations of each party. The agreements also identify the scope of services, service fees, and payment terms. Agreements are acknowledged and signed by both parties. All the contracts have commercial substance, and it is probable that the Company will collect considerations from its customers for service component.

 

The Company derives its revenues from two sources: (1) revenue from IVF treatment, and (2) revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services.

Revenue from IVF treatment

In vitro fertilization (“IVF”) treatment is an assisted reproductive technique where eggs and sperm are collected and fertilized in laboratory to become embryo. Fertilized embryo is then implanted to the customer or a surrogate mother. IVF treatment involves the performance of a series of medical treatment and procedures that are not separately distinct and only brings benefits to customer when embryo is successfully implanted, therefore revenue from IVF treatment is recognized at a point in time when it is completed in clinic. The completion of this treatment is evidenced by a written IVF report indicating successful embryo implantation. The Company collects payment from customer in advance for IVF treatment. The amount of revenue recognized from contract liabilities to the Company’s result of operations can be found in Note 8 below.

Revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services

The Company provides surrogacy and ancillary caring services solely in Kyrgyzstan. Embryo from blood parents is implanted to surrogate mother contracted by the Company. During pregnancy period, the Company provides ancillary caring services including regular body check and provision of vitamins, supplements and medicines to surrogate mothers. The key performance obligation is identified as a single performance obligation where a baby is born, therefore revenue from surrogacy and ancillary caring services is recognized at a point in time when surrogate mother gives birth. The Company collects approximately 40% of contract sum upfront, and remaining contract sum is collected in installments across pregnancy period of surrogate mother. The amount of revenue recognized from contract liabilities to the Company’s result of operations can be found in Note 8 below.

Contract related assets and liabilities are classified as current assets and current liabilities. Significant balance sheet accounts related to the revenue cycle are as follows:

Account receivables, net

Accounts receivable, net are stated at the original amount less an allowance for expected credit loss on such receivables. The allowance for expected credit loss is estimated based upon the Company’s assessment of various factors including historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, current general economic conditions, future expectations and customer specific quantitative and qualitative factors that may affect the Company’s customers’ ability to pay. An allowance is also made when there is objective evidence for the Company to reasonably estimate the amount of probable loss.

 

Contract liabilities

Contract liabilities represent considerations received from customers in advance of satisfying the Company’s performance obligations under the contract. These amounts are expected to be earned within 12 months and are classified as current liabilities.

Expected credit loss

ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments requires entities to use a current lifetime expected credit loss methodology to measure impairments of certain financial assets. Using this methodology will result in earlier recognition of losses than under the current incurred loss approach, which requires waiting to recognize a loss until it is probable of having been incurred. There are other provisions within the standard that affect how impairments of other financial assets may be recorded and presented, and that expand disclosures. Expected credit losses are probability-weighted estimates of credit losses. Credit losses are measured at the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e., the difference between the cash flows due to the entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive). ECLs are discounted at the effective interest rate of the financial asset.

Retirement benefits

Retirement benefits in the form of mandatory government-sponsored defined contribution plans are charged to either expense as incurred or allocated to wages as part of cost of revenues.

Segment information

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), or decision making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company operates and manages in one operating segment. The Company defines its CODM as Mr. Siu Wing Fund Alfred, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. Since the Company operates in one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in the consolidated financial statements. The long-lived assets and revenue from external customers as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 by geographical area are presented in Note 13.

 

Leases

The Company measured the lease in accordance to ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). Lease terms used to calculate the present value of lease payments generally do not include any options to extend, renew, or terminate the lease, as the Company does not have reasonable certainty at lease inception that these options will be exercised. The Company generally considers the economic life of its operating lease ROU assets to be comparable to the useful life of similar owned assets. The Company has elected the short-term lease exception, therefore operating lease ROU assets and liabilities do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Its leases generally do not provide a residual guarantee. The operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $283,847 and $383,670 million right of use (“ROU”) assets and $326,107 and $426,838 lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum rental payments of leases, respectively. The Company’s management believes that using an incremental borrowing rate of the minimum loan rate and the Hong Kong Dollar Best Lending Rate (“BLR”) minus 0.125% was the most indicative rate of the Company’s borrowing cost for the calculation of the present value of the lease payments; the rate used by the Company was 6.6% and 5.0% respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred income tax assets or liabilities for expected future tax consequences of events recognized in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the income tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset is not realizable or recoverable in the future.

The Company determines that the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained and records the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized when the tax position is settled. the Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

Comprehensive Income

The Company presents comprehensive income in accordance with ASC Topic 220, Comprehensive Income. ASC Topic 220 states that all items that are required to be recognized under accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in the consolidated financial statements. The components of comprehensive income were the net income for the years and the foreign currency translation adjustments.

 

Earnings per share

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) following ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per share”. Basic EPS is measured as the income or loss available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per-share basis from the potential conversion of convertible securities or the exercise of options and or warrants; the dilutive impacts of potentially convertible securities are calculated using the as-if method; the potentially dilutive effect of options or warranties are computed using the treasury stock method. Potentially anti-dilutive securities (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from diluted EPS calculation. There were no potentially dilutive securities that were in-the-money that were outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Related parties

The Company adopted ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures, for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.

Commitments and contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of the business that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Company recognizes its liability for such contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss has occurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.

Non-controlling interests

Non-controlling interests are presented as a separate component of equity on the consolidated balance sheets and net (loss) income and other comprehensive loss are attributed to controlling and non-controlling interests respectively.

Concentration of risks

Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and account receivable. The Company places cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions with high credit ratings and quality.

Accounts receivable primarily comprise of amounts receivable from the service customers. The Company conducts credit evaluations of customers, and generally does not require collateral or other security from its customers. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts primarily based upon the factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers.

 

Concentration of customers

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, two and Nil customers which individually contributed more than 10% of trade receivable, accounted for 96.3% and Nil of the Company’s trade receivable respectively.

None of the customers contributed more than 10% of revenue for years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Concentration of suppliers

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, one and four suppliers which individually contributed more than 10% of trade payable, accounted for 30.6% and 69.8% of the Company’s trade payable respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, Nil, two and two vendors which contributed more than 10% of total purchases of the Company, accounted for Nil, 55.3% and 35.6% of the Company’s total purchases respectively.

Financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, net, deposits, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net, loan to A SPAC I, accounts payables, accrued liabilities and other payables, and due from (to) shareholders, have carrying amounts that approximate their fair values due to their short maturities.
Retirement benefits

Retirement benefits

Retirement benefits in the form of mandatory government-sponsored defined contribution plans are charged to either expense as incurred or allocated to wages as part of cost of revenues.
Segment information

Segment information

Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), or decision making group, in making decisions on how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company operates and manages in one operating segment. The Company defines its CODM as Mr. Siu Wing Fund Alfred, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. Since the Company operates in one operating segment, all required financial segment information can be found in the consolidated financial statements. The long-lived assets and revenue from external customers as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 by geographical area are presented in Note 13.

 
Leases

Leases

The Company measured the lease in accordance to ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). Lease terms used to calculate the present value of lease payments generally do not include any options to extend, renew, or terminate the lease, as the Company does not have reasonable certainty at lease inception that these options will be exercised. The Company generally considers the economic life of its operating lease ROU assets to be comparable to the useful life of similar owned assets. The Company has elected the short-term lease exception, therefore operating lease ROU assets and liabilities do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Its leases generally do not provide a residual guarantee. The operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $283,847 and $383,670 million right of use (“ROU”) assets and $326,107 and $426,838 lease liabilities based on the present value of the future minimum rental payments of leases, respectively. The Company’s management believes that using an incremental borrowing rate of the minimum loan rate and the Hong Kong Dollar Best Lending Rate (“BLR”) minus 0.125% was the most indicative rate of the Company’s borrowing cost for the calculation of the present value of the lease payments; the rate used by the Company was 6.6% and 5.0% respectively.
Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred income tax assets or liabilities for expected future tax consequences of events recognized in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the income tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset is not realizable or recoverable in the future.

The Company determines that the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained and records the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not to be realized when the tax position is settled. the Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.
Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income

The Company presents comprehensive income in accordance with ASC Topic 220, Comprehensive Income. ASC Topic 220 states that all items that are required to be recognized under accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in the consolidated financial statements. The components of comprehensive income were the net income for the years and the foreign currency translation adjustments.

 
Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) following ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per share”. Basic EPS is measured as the income or loss available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per-share basis from the potential conversion of convertible securities or the exercise of options and or warrants; the dilutive impacts of potentially convertible securities are calculated using the as-if method; the potentially dilutive effect of options or warranties are computed using the treasury stock method. Potentially anti-dilutive securities (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from diluted EPS calculation. There were no potentially dilutive securities that were in-the-money that were outstanding during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Related parties

Related parties

The Company adopted ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures, for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.
Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, including legal proceedings and claims arising out of the business that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Company recognizes its liability for such contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss has occurred and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company may consider many factors in making these assessments including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.
Non-controlling interests

Non-controlling interests

Non-controlling interests are presented as a separate component of equity on the consolidated balance sheets and net (loss) income and other comprehensive loss are attributed to controlling and non-controlling interests respectively.
Concentration of risks

Concentration of risks

Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and account receivable. The Company places cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions with high credit ratings and quality.

Accounts receivable primarily comprise of amounts receivable from the service customers. The Company conducts credit evaluations of customers, and generally does not require collateral or other security from its customers. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts primarily based upon the factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers.

 

Concentration of customers

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, two and Nil customers which individually contributed more than 10% of trade receivable, accounted for 96.3% and Nil of the Company’s trade receivable respectively.

None of the customers contributed more than 10% of revenue for years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Concentration of suppliers

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, one and four suppliers which individually contributed more than 10% of trade payable, accounted for 30.6% and 69.8% of the Company’s trade payable respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, Nil, two and two vendors which contributed more than 10% of total purchases of the Company, accounted for Nil, 55.3% and 35.6% of the Company’s total purchases respectively.
Financial instruments

Financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables, net, deposits, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net, loan to A SPAC I, accounts payables, accrued liabilities and other payables, and due from (to) shareholders, have carrying amounts that approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” requires disclosing the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts and other payables, accrued liabilities and amounts due from (to) related parties each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

●Level 1 — inputs to the valuation methodology used quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
●Level 2 — inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and information that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the financial instrument’s full term
●Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” and ASC 815.

 
Recent accounting pronouncements adopted

Recent accounting pronouncements adopted

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, which amends and clarifies several provisions of Topic 326. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) Targeted Transition Relief, which amends Topic 326 to allow the fair value option to be elected for certain financial instruments upon adoption. ASU 2019-10 extended the effective date of ASU 2016-13 until December 15, 2022. This standard replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. CECL requires an estimate of credit losses for the remaining estimated life of the financial asset using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and generally applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, and some off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded commitments to extend credit. Financial assets measured at amortized cost will be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by using an allowance for expected credit losses. The Company already adopted the new standard and the Company recognizes the full impact of the new standard in these consolidated balance sheets and makes related disclosures.
Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280)” (“ASU 2023-07”). The amendments in ASU 2023-07 improve financial reporting by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more decision useful financial analyses. Topic 280 requires a public entity to report a measure of segment profit or loss that the chief operating decision maker (CODM) uses to assess segment performance and make decisions about allocating resources. Topic 280 also requires other specified segment items and amounts, such as depreciation, amortization, and depletion expense, to be disclosed under certain circumstances. The amendments in ASU 202307 do not change or remove those disclosure requirements. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 also do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, adopted retrospectively. Management considers that the guidance does not have a significant impact on the disclosures set out in these consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740)” (“ASU 2023-09”). The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. One of the amendments in ASU 2023-09 includes disclosure of, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation of (i) the reported income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations, to (ii) the product of the income (or loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and the applicable statutory federal income tax rate of the jurisdiction of domicile using specific categories, including separate disclosure for any reconciling items within certain categories that are equal to or greater than a specified quantitative threshold of 5%. ASU 2023-09 also requires disclosure of, on an annual basis, the year to date amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign jurisdictions, including additional disaggregated information on income taxes paid (net of refunds received) to an individual jurisdiction equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). The amendments in ASU2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and should be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the update on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Save for elsewhere disclosed, the Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and statement of cash flows.
v3.24.2.u1
Organization and Principal Activities (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Organization and Principal Activities [Abstract]  
Schedule of Company’s subsidiaries As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s subsidiaries are detailed in the table as follows:
Name   Background   Ownership %   Principal activity
FFPGS (HK) Limited  

●   A Hong Kong company

●   Incorporated on December 19, 2019

   100%   Marketing and administrative services
Well Image Limited  

●   A Hong Kong company

●   Incorporated on July 11, 2008

   100%   Investment holding
Med Holdings Limited (“Med Holdings”) (Note)  

●   A Thailand company

●   Incorporated on January 21, 2015

   49%*   Investment holding
First Fertility PGS Center Limited (“FFC”) (Note)  

●   A Thailand company

●   Incorporated on March 6, 2014

   74%   Provision of IVF treatment
First Fertility Phnom Penh Limited (“FFPP”)  

●   A Cambodia company

●   Incorporated on August 10, 2015

   100%   Provision of IVF treatment

 

Name   Background   Ownership %   Principal activity
First Fertility Bishkek LLC (“FFB”)  

●   A Kyrgyzstan company

●   Incorporated on October 11, 2019

   100%   Provision surrogacy and ancillary caring services
*Where less than 50% of the equity of an investee is held, the Company (through its subsidiaries) holds significantly more voting rights than any other vote holder or organized company of vote holders. An assessment has been made, taking into account all the factors relevant to the relationship with the investee, to ascertain control has been established and the investee should be consolidated as a subsidiary of the Company.
v3.24.2.u1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables) [Line Items]  
Schedule of Currency Exchange Rates that were Used in Preparing the Accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements The following table outlines the currency exchange rates that were used in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements:
      2023   2022   2021 
Period-end  $: HK$   7.8000    7.8000    7.8000 
Period average  $: HK$   7.8000    7.8000    7.8000 
Period-end  $: THB   34.2265    34.6153    33.1964 
Period average  $: THB   34.7867    35.1428    32.1003 
Period-end  $: KHR   4,080.0304    4,114.3335    4,068.9577 
Period average  $: KHR   4,105.4181    4,083.7043    4,065.8164 
Period-end  $: RMB   7.0971    6.9091    6.3551 
Period average  $: RMB   7.0835    6.4569    6.4368 

 
Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives of the Plan and Equipment Plant and equipment, net consist of the following:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
At cost:          
Building improvement  $92,438   $72,519 
Furniture and fixtures   250,493    246,682 
Medical instruments   844,809    791,514 
Motor vehicle   142,936    142,936 
Office equipment   150,688    146,432 
    1,481,364    1,400,083 
Less: accumulated depreciation   (1,319,207)   (1,277,410)
Total  $162,157   $122,673 
Property, Plant and Equipment [Member]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables) [Line Items]  
Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives of the Plan and Equipment The estimated useful lives of the plan and equipment are as follows:
Furniture and fixtures   3 – 5 years
Leasehold improvements   the lesser of useful life or term of lease
Medical instruments   3 – 10 years
Motor vehicle   3 – 5 years
Office equipment   3 – 5 years
v3.24.2.u1
Accounts Receivable, Net (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts Receivable, Net [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable, net consists of the following:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Accounts receivable  $9,393   $13,026 
Less: allowance for expected credit loss   (19)   (26)
   $9,374   $13,000 
Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Loss As of the end of each of the financial year, the aging analysis of accounts receivable, net of allowance for expected credit loss, based on the invoice date is as follows:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Within 90 days  $9,374   $13,000 
   $9,374   $13,000 
Schedule of movement Allowances for Expected Credit Loss The movement of allowances for expected credit loss is as follow:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of the year  $(26)  $(286)
Reversal of expected credit losses   7    260 
Ending balance  $(19)  $(26)
v3.24.2.u1
Inventories (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Inventories [Abstract]  
Schedule of Inventories Inventories consist of the following:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Medicines, consumables and reagents for clinical and laboratory analyses  $126,264   $46,910 
   $126,264   $46,910 
v3.24.2.u1
Deposits, Prepayment, Other Receivables and Deferred IPO Cost, Net (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Deposit, Prepayment and Other Receivables, Net [Abstract]  
Schedule of Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net consist of the following:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
         
Other receivables  $15,910   $30,295 
Deposits   123,008    40,131 
Prepayment   4,848    
-
 
Deferred initial public offering “IPO” cost   373,677    
-
 
Less: allowance for expected credit loss   (14)   (141)
   $517,429   $70,285 
Schedule of Movement of Allowances for Expected Credit Loss The movement of allowances for expected credit loss is as follow:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of the year  $(141)  $(115)
Reversal of provision (Provision)   127    (30)
Effect of currency translation adjustment   
-
    4 
Ending balance  $(14)  $(141)
v3.24.2.u1
Plant and Equipment, Net (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]  
Schedule of Plant and Equipment, Net Plant and equipment, net consist of the following:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
At cost:          
Building improvement  $92,438   $72,519 
Furniture and fixtures   250,493    246,682 
Medical instruments   844,809    791,514 
Motor vehicle   142,936    142,936 
Office equipment   150,688    146,432 
    1,481,364    1,400,083 
Less: accumulated depreciation   (1,319,207)   (1,277,410)
Total  $162,157   $122,673 
v3.24.2.u1
Accrued Liabilties and Other Payables (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accrued Liabilties and Other Payables [Abstract]  
Schedule of Accrued Liabilties and Other Payables Accrued liabilities and other payables consist of the following:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Accrued expenses  $43,633   $22,345 
Other tax payable   
—
    3,180 
Withholding tax payable   7,349    82,240 
Compensation payable (Note 1)   144,015    117,935 
Other payables   46,616    64,077 
   $241,613   $289,777 
Note 1:Compensation payable represented a claim relating to an employee of First Fertility PGS Center Limited (“FFC”). On April 23, 2023, the compensation agreement is finalized with the employee and the compensation is payable in 12 instalments within one year from 2023.
v3.24.2.u1
Contract Liabilities (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Contract Liabilities [Abstract]  
Schedule of Contract Liabilities Contract liabilities consist of the following:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of year  $1,360,168   $812,158 
Additions   112,006    1,360,168 
Recognized to revenue during the year   (122,662)   (812,158)
Refund to customers (Note 1)   (1,341,575)   
-
 
Balance at end of year  $7,937   $1,360,168 
Note 1:Refund of the deposits received from customer for services not rendered during 2023. China-based clients who prepaid for surrogacy and ancillary caring services requested refund of fees so such clients can appoint their own surrogate mothers in countries in which the Company does not conduct business. The Company sent the funds to accounts dictated by the clients and terminated service contract with those clients.
v3.24.2.u1
Leases (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]  
Schedule of Lease Liabilities As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, lease liabilities consist of the following:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Lease liabilities – current portion  $207,128   $184,651 
Lease liabilities – non-current portion   118,979    242,187 
Total  $326,107   $426,838 
Schedule of Other Lease Information Other lease information is as follows:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases   0.92 years    1.91 years 
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases   5%   5%
Short term lease cost  $114,937   $89,380 
Schedule of Future Minimum Payments under Operating Leases The following is a schedule of future minimum payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2023:
   December 31,
2023		 
Not later than 1 year  $240,835 
Between 1 to 2 years   111,613 
Between 2 to 3 years   10,373 
Total lease payments   362,821 
Less: imputed interest   (36,714)
Total operating lease liabilities, net of interest  $326,107 
v3.24.2.u1
Equity (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
Schedule of Subscription Receivables Subscription receivables
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of year  $319,872   $
—
 
Issuance of shares (Note 1)   2,866,856    319,872 
Settlement of subscription receivable (Note 2)   (219,628)   
—
 
Total  $2,967,100   $319,872 
Note 1:On August 15, 2022, the Company issued and allotted additional 41,830 ordinary shares to Seazen Resources Investment Limited (“Seazen”) at the consideration of $961,538, of which other borrowings of $641,025 and $641 settlement was offset with consideration as partial settlement and $319,872 was subscription receivable due from Seazen.
Note 2:On January 18, 2023, the Company received $192,308 from Seazen, reducing the subscription receivable by $192,308. On January 10, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 27,293 ordinary shares to Tung Donald Fan and Hok Lun Alan Lau at the consideration of $812,573. On December 4, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 69,000 shares to DoubleClick Services Limited at $2,054,283. Among the subscription receivable during the year, $27,320 was settled by the professional consulting service rendered during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Schedule of Additional Paid-in Capital Additional paid-in capital
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of year  $1,458,941    257,821 
Directors’ remuneration (Note 1)   
—
    240,000 
Issuance of shares (Note 2)   2,865,893    961,120 
Total  $4,324,834    1,458,941 
v3.24.2.u1
Provision for Income Taxes (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Provision for Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Schedule of the Provisions for Income Taxes Significant components of the provisions for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 were as follows:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Current tax provision Kyrgyzstan   
—
    196,116 
Current tax provision Cambodia   
—
    11,323 
Late penalty provision Kyrgyzstan   
—
    702 
Total provision for income taxes  $
—
   $208,141 
Schedule of Income Taxes
   December 31, 
   2023   2022   2021 
Income before taxes  $108,418   $343,988   $156,184 
Tax expenses (credit) at the effective tax rates   10,732    (124,591)   36,755 
Tax effect on non-taxable income   (39,173)   
—
    
—
 
Tax effect on non-deductible expenses   
—
    369,101    114,656 
Tax effect on late penalty provision   
—
    
—
    145,295 
Change in valuation allowance   28,441    
—
    
—
 
Tax effect on utilization of tax losses   
—
    (36,369)   (1,990)
Income taxes  $
—
    208,141   $294,716 
Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets Significant components of deferred tax assets, net were as follows:
   December 31,
2023		   December 31,
2022		 
   USD   USD 
Deferred tax assets:          
– Net operating loss carry forward   28,441    
—
 
Less: valuation allowance   (28,441)   
—
 
Deferred tax assets, net   
—
    
—
 
v3.24.2.u1
Disaggregated Revenues (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Disaggregated Revenues [Abstract]  
Schedule of Business Operations The Company’s main business operations are to provide: (i) IVF treatment service; and (ii) surrogacy and ancillary caring services.
   For the year ended
December 31,		 
Revenue from external customers  2023   2022   2021 
IVF treatment service  $4,021,696   $2,819,163   $3,199,683 
Surrogacy, ancillary caring and other services   1,114,457    3,125,027    918,437 
Total revenues  $5,136,153   $5,944,190   $4,118,120 

 
Schedule of Geographical Information Geographical information
   December 31, 
Revenue from external customers originated from  2023   2022   2021 
HK SAR  $34,038    
—
   $
—
 
Kyrgyzstan   3,123,593    5,060,973    3,110,483 
Cambodia   621,619    377,608    313,737 
Thailand   1,356,903    505,609    693,900 
Total revenues  $5,136,153    5,944,190   $4,118,120 
Schedule of Revenue Information above is Based on the Locations The revenue information above is based on the locations where the revenue originated.
   December 31, 
Long-lived assets located at  2023   2022   2021 
HK SAR  $584   $
—
      
Kyrgyzstan   
—
    22,513    20,835 
Cambodia   137,472    229,085    332,799 
Thailand   307,948    254,745    238,744 
   $446,004   $506,343    592,378 
v3.24.2.u1
Related Party Balances and Transactions (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Balances and Transactions [Abstract]  
Schedule of Amount Due from and Due to Related Parties The summary of amount due from and due to related parties as the following:
      December 31, 
   Relationship  2023   2022 
Due from shareholders consist of the following:           
Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred (“Mr. Siu”) and Ms. Fong Hei Yue, Tina (“Ms. Fong”)  Shareholders and directors (note 1)  $354,285   $2,240,872 
              
Due to a related party consist of the following:             
Harcourt Limited  A related company (note 2)  $
-
   $(110,773)
Schedule of Balance Due from Shareholders The balance due from shareholders consist of the following:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Due from shareholders  $372,103   $2,257,931 
Less: allowance for expected credit loss   (17,818)   (17,059)
   $354,285   $2,240,872 

 
Schedule of Movement of Allowances for Expected Credit Loss The movement of allowances for expected credit loss is as follow:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022 
Balance at beginning of the year  $(17,059)  $(6,312)
Provision   (759)   (10,747)
Ending balance  $(17,818)  $(17,059)
Schedule of Consolidated Financial Statements In addition to the transactions and balances detailed elsewhere in these consolidated financial statements, the Company had the following transactions with related parties:
   December 31, 
   2023   2022   2021 
Directors’ remuneration to Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred  $125,000   $120,000   $100,000 
Directors’ remuneration to Ms. Fong Hei Yue, Tina   125,000    120,000    100,000 
Waiver of related party balance of Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred   (88,151)   
—
    
—
 
v3.24.2.u1
Organization and Principal Activities (Details) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2023
Apr. 04, 2024
Dec. 31, 2022
Organization and Principal Activities (Details) [Line Items]        
Dividends percentage 15.00%      
Bank balance $ 54,104 $ 54,104   $ 27,556
Secured funding amount $ 2,000,000 2,000,000    
Received from secured funding   $ 2,000,000    
Subsidiaries [Member]        
Organization and Principal Activities (Details) [Line Items]        
Equity investment percentage 50.00% 50.00%    
Forecast [Member]        
Organization and Principal Activities (Details) [Line Items]        
Settlement amount     $ 2,000,000  
v3.24.2.u1
Organization and Principal Activities (Details) - Schedule of Company’s subsidiaries
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
FFPGS (HK) Limited [Member]  
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]  
Background ●   A Hong Kong company ●   Incorporated on December 19, 2019
Ownership % 100.00%
Principal activity Marketing and administrative services
Well Image Limited [Member]  
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]  
Background ●   A Hong Kong company ●   Incorporated on July 11, 2008
Ownership % 100.00%
Principal activity Investment holding
Med Holdings Limited (“Med Holdings”) (Note) [Member]  
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]  
Background ●   A Thailand company ●   Incorporated on January 21, 2015
Ownership % 49.00% [1]
Principal activity Investment holding
First Fertility PGS Center Limited (“FFC”) (Note) [Member]  
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]  
Background ●   A Thailand company ●   Incorporated on March 6, 2014
Ownership % 74.00%
Principal activity Provision of IVF treatment
First Fertility Phnom Penh Limited (“FFPP”) [Member]  
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]  
Background ●   A Cambodia company ●   Incorporated on August 10, 2015
Ownership % 100.00%
Principal activity Provision of IVF treatment
First Fertility Bishkek LLC (“FFB”) [Member]  
Subsidiary of Limited Liability Company or Limited Partnership [Line Items]  
Background ●   A Kyrgyzstan company ●   Incorporated on October 11, 2019
Ownership % 100.00%
Principal activity Provision surrogacy and ancillary caring services
[1] Where less than 50% of the equity of an investee is held, the Company (through its subsidiaries) holds significantly more voting rights than any other vote holder or organized company of vote holders. An assessment has been made, taking into account all the factors relevant to the relationship with the investee, to ascertain control has been established and the investee should be consolidated as a subsidiary of the Company.
v3.24.2.u1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
$ / shares
Dec. 31, 2021
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Salvage value percentage 0.00%    
Ordinary share, par value (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 0.01 $ 0.01  
Contract revenue rate 40.00%    
Number of operating segment 1    
Lease term 12 months    
Right-of-use assets (in Dollars) $ 283,847 $ 383,670  
Lease liabilities (in Dollars) $ 326,107 $ 426,838  
Borrowing cost rate 0.125%    
Lease payments rate 6.60% 5.00%  
Threshold rate 5.00%    
Income tax percentage 5.00%    
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Payable [Member] | Supplier [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Concentration risk, percentage 10.00%    
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Payable [Member] | Suppliers One [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Concentration risk, percentage 30.60%    
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Payable [Member] | Suppliers Four [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Concentration risk, percentage   69.80%  
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Payable [Member] | No Vendors [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Concentration risk, percentage    
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Payable [Member] | Vendor Two [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Concentration risk, percentage   55.30% 35.60%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Other Customer [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Concentration risk, percentage 10.00%  
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Customer Two [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Concentration risk, percentage 96.30%    
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Concentration risk, percentage 10.00%    
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark One [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Concentration risk, percentage   10.00%  
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue Benchmark Two [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Concentration risk, percentage     10.00%
Chief Executive Officer [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]      
Number of operating segment 1    
v3.24.2.u1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Currency Exchange Rates that were Used in Preparing the Accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
HK [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Currency Exchange Rates that were Used in Preparing the Accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements [Line Items]      
Currency exchange rates, period-end 7.8 7.8 7.8
Currency exchange rates, period average 7.8 7.8 7.8
THB [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Currency Exchange Rates that were Used in Preparing the Accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements [Line Items]      
Currency exchange rates, period-end 34.2265 34.6153 33.1964
Currency exchange rates, period average 34.7867 35.1428 32.1003
KHR [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Currency Exchange Rates that were Used in Preparing the Accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements [Line Items]      
Currency exchange rates, period-end 4,080.0304 4,114.3335 4,068.9577
Currency exchange rates, period average 4,105.4181 4,083.7043 4,065.8164
RMB [Member]      
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Currency Exchange Rates that were Used in Preparing the Accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements [Line Items]      
Currency exchange rates, period-end 7.0971 6.9091 6.3551
Currency exchange rates, period average 7.0835 6.4569 6.4368
v3.24.2.u1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - Schedule of Estimated Useful Lives of the Plan and Equipment
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Leasehold Improvements [Member]  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful lives the lesser of useful life or term of lease
Minimum [Member] | Furniture and Fixtures [Member]  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful lives 3 years
Minimum [Member] | Medical Instruments [Member]  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful lives 3 years
Minimum [Member] | Motor Vehicles [Member]  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful lives 3 years
Minimum [Member] | Office Equipment [Member]  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful lives 3 years
Maximum [Member] | Furniture and Fixtures [Member]  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful lives 5 years
Maximum [Member] | Medical Instruments [Member]  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful lives 10 years
Maximum [Member] | Motor Vehicles [Member]  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful lives 5 years
Maximum [Member] | Office Equipment [Member]  
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Estimated useful lives 5 years
v3.24.2.u1
Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net [Abstract]    
Accounts receivable $ 9,393 $ 13,026
Less: allowance for expected credit loss (19) (26)
Total accounts receivable net $ 9,374 $ 13,000
v3.24.2.u1
Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Loss - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Accounts receivable , net $ 9,374 $ 13,000
Within 90 days [Member]    
Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - Schedule of Accounts Receivable, Net of Allowance for Expected Credit Loss [Line Items]    
Accounts receivable , net $ 9,374 $ 13,000
v3.24.2.u1
Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - Schedule of Movement Allowances for Expected Credit Loss - Movement of Allowances [Member] - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Movement Allowances for Expected Credit Loss [Abstract]    
Balance at beginning of the year $ (26) $ (286)
Reversal of expected credit losses 7 260
Ending balance $ (19) $ (26)
v3.24.2.u1
Inventories (Details) - Schedule of Inventories - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule Of Inventories [Abstract]    
Medicines, consumables and reagents for clinical and laboratory analyses $ 126,264 $ 46,910
Inventories, total $ 126,264 $ 46,910
v3.24.2.u1
Deposits, Prepayment, Other Receivables and Deferred IPO Cost, Net (Details) - Schedule of Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule Of Deposits Prepayment Other Receivables And Deferred Ipo Cost Net Abstract    
Other receivables $ 15,910 $ 30,295
Deposits 123,008 40,131
Prepayment 4,848
Deferred initial public offering “IPO” cost 373,677
Less: allowance for expected credit loss (14) (141)
Deposits, prepayment, other receivables and deferred IPO cost, net $ 517,429 $ 70,285
v3.24.2.u1
Deposits, Prepayment, Other Receivables and Deferred IPO Cost, Net (Details) - Schedule of Movement of Allowances for Expected Credit Loss - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Movement of Allowances for Expected Credit Loss [Abstract]    
Balance at beginning of the year $ (141) $ (115)
Reversal of provision (Provision) 127 (30)
Effect of currency translation adjustment 4
Ending balance $ (14) $ (141)
v3.24.2.u1
Plant and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]    
Depreciation expenses $ 31,173 $ 100,533
Loss on disposal of assets 114,013
Impairment loss
v3.24.2.u1
Plant and Equipment, Net (Details) - Schedule of Plant and Equipment, Net - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
At cost:    
Plant and equipment, Gross $ 1,481,364 $ 1,400,083
Less: accumulated depreciation (1,319,207) (1,277,410)
Plant and equipment, Net 162,157 122,673
Building improvement [Member]    
At cost:    
Plant and equipment, Gross 92,438 72,519
Furniture and fixtures [Member]    
At cost:    
Plant and equipment, Gross 250,493 246,682
Medical instruments [Member]    
At cost:    
Plant and equipment, Gross 844,809 791,514
Motor vehicle [Member]    
At cost:    
Plant and equipment, Gross 142,936 142,936
Office equipment [Member]    
At cost:    
Plant and equipment, Gross $ 150,688 $ 146,432
v3.24.2.u1
Accrued Liabilties and Other Payables (Details) - Schedule of Accrued Liabilties and Other Payables - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Accrued Liabilties and Other Payables [Abstract]    
Accrued expenses $ 43,633 $ 22,345
Other tax payable 3,180
Withholding tax payable 7,349 82,240
Compensation payable (Note 1) [1] 144,015 117,935
Other payables 46,616 64,077
Accrued Liabilties and Other Payables $ 241,613 $ 289,777
[1] Compensation payable represented a claim relating to an employee of First Fertility PGS Center Limited (“FFC”). On April 23, 2023, the compensation agreement is finalized with the employee and the compensation is payable in 12 instalments within one year from 2023.
v3.24.2.u1
Contract Liabilities (Details) - Schedule of Contract Liabilities - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule Of Contract Liabilities Abstract    
Balance at beginning of year $ 1,360,168 $ 812,158
Additions 112,006 1,360,168
Recognized to revenue during the year (122,662) (812,158)
Refund to customers (Note 1) [1] (1,341,575)
Balance at end of year $ 7,937 $ 1,360,168
[1] Refund of the deposits received from customer for services not rendered during 2023. China-based clients who prepaid for surrogacy and ancillary caring services requested refund of fees so such clients can appoint their own surrogate mothers in countries in which the Company does not conduct business. The Company sent the funds to accounts dictated by the clients and terminated service contract with those clients.
v3.24.2.u1
Leases (Details) - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Leases (Details) [Line Items]    
Right-of-use assets $ 283,847 $ 383,670
Maximum [Member]    
Leases (Details) [Line Items]    
Interest rate 6.60%  
Minimum [Member]    
Leases (Details) [Line Items]    
Interest rate 5.00%  
v3.24.2.u1
Leases (Details) - Schedule of Lease Liabilities - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Lease Liabilities [Abstract]    
Lease liabilities – current portion $ 207,128 $ 184,651
Lease liabilities – non-current portion 118,979 242,187
Total $ 326,107 $ 426,838
v3.24.2.u1
Leases (Details) - Schedule of Other Lease Information - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Other Lease Information [Abstract]    
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases 11 months 1 day 1 year 10 months 28 days
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases 5.00% 5.00%
Short term lease cost $ 114,937 $ 89,380
v3.24.2.u1
Leases (Details) - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments under Operating Leases - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Future Minimum Payments under Operating Leases [Abstract]    
Not later than 1 year $ 240,835  
Between 1 to 2 years 111,613  
Between 2 to 3 years 10,373  
Total lease payments 362,821  
Less: imputed interest (36,714)  
Total operating lease liabilities, net of interest $ 326,107 $ 426,838
v3.24.2.u1
Equity (Details) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 04, 2023
Jan. 18, 2023
Jan. 10, 2023
Aug. 15, 2022
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Line Items]            
Ordinary shares, shares authorized (in Shares)         5,000,000 5,000,000
Voting rights         one  
Ordinary shares, shares issued (in Shares)         698,123 601,830
Ordinary shares, value         $ 6,981 $ 6,018
Additional ordinary shares (in Shares) 2,054,283   27,293 41,830    
Other borrowings       $ 641,025    
Subscription receivable $ 2,053,593 $ 192,308 $ 812,573 $ 319,872 27,320  
Amount received   $ 192,308        
Shares issued (in Shares) 69,000     41,830    
Increase in paid-in capital       $ 961,120 $ 240,000  
Shares issued (in Shares)     27,293      
Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred [Member]            
Equity [Line Items]            
Remuneration amount           120,000
Ms. Fong, Hei [Member]            
Equity [Line Items]            
Remuneration amount           $ 120,000
Seazen Resources Investment Limited [Member]            
Equity [Line Items]            
Additional ordinary shares (in Shares) 69,000          
Other borrowings       641    
Subscription receivable     $ 812,300      
Consulting service 10 years   10 years      
NewGenIvf Limited [Member]            
Equity [Line Items]            
Consideration amount       $ 961,538    
v3.24.2.u1
Equity (Details) - Schedule of Subscription Receivables - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Subscription Receivables [Abstract]    
Balance at beginning of year $ 319,872
Issuance of shares (Note 1) [1] 2,866,856 319,872
Settlement of subscription receivable (Note 2) [2] (219,628)
Total $ 2,967,100 $ 319,872
[1] On August 15, 2022, the Company issued and allotted additional 41,830 ordinary shares to Seazen Resources Investment Limited (“Seazen”) at the consideration of $961,538, of which other borrowings of $641,025 and $641 settlement was offset with consideration as partial settlement and $319,872 was subscription receivable due from Seazen.
[2] On January 18, 2023, the Company received $192,308 from Seazen, reducing the subscription receivable by $192,308. On January 10, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 27,293 ordinary shares to Tung Donald FAN and Hok Lun Alan Lau at the consideration of $812,573. On December 4, 2023, the Company issued and allotted additional 69,000 shares to DoubleClick Services Limited at $2,054,283. Among the subscription receivable during the year, $27,320 was settled by the professional consulting service rendered during the year ended December 31, 2023.
v3.24.2.u1
Equity (Details) - Schedule of Additional Paid-in Capital - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Additional Paid-in Capital [Abstract]      
Balance at beginning of year $ 1,458,941 $ 257,821  
Directors’ remuneration (Note 1) 240,000 $ 200,000
Issuance of shares (Note 2) 2,865,893 961,120  
Total $ 4,324,834 $ 1,458,941 $ 257,821
v3.24.2.u1
Employee Benefit Plans (Details) - 12 months ended Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
$ / shares
KZT (₸)
THB (฿)
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Scheme calculated rate 8.00% 8.00%  
Special concession amount (in Baht) | ฿     ฿ 450
HK SAR [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Scheme calculated rate 5.00% 5.00%  
Thailand [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Special concession amount (in Baht) | ฿     ฿ 750
KYRGYZSTAN [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Scheme calculated rate 15.00% 15.00%  
Occupational Risk Scheme [Member] | Cambodia [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Contribution equivalent     0.80%
Occupational Risk Scheme [Member] | Cambodia [Member] | Minimum [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Average wages per share (in Dollars per share) $ 0.4    
Occupational Risk Scheme [Member] | Cambodia [Member] | Maximum [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Average wages per share (in Dollars per share) 2.4    
Health Care Scheme [Member] | Cambodia [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Contribution equivalent     2.60%
Health Care Scheme [Member] | Cambodia [Member] | Minimum [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Average wages per share (in Dollars per share) 1.3    
Health Care Scheme [Member] | Cambodia [Member] | Maximum [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Average wages per share (in Dollars per share) $ 7.8    
Pension Scheme [Member] | Cambodia [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Contribution equivalent     2.00%
Contribution equivalent total     4.00%
Pension Scheme [Member] | Cambodia [Member] | Minimum [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Contributable wage $ 100 ₸ 400,000  
Pension Scheme [Member] | Cambodia [Member] | Maximum [Member]      
Employee Benefit Plans [Line Items]      
Contributable wage $ 300 ₸ 1,200,000  
v3.24.2.u1
Provision for Income Taxes (Details)
$ in Millions, ៛ in Billions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
HKD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
KHR (៛)
Dec. 31, 2022
USD ($)
Provision for IncomeTaxes [Line Items]        
Profit tax rate description Under the two-tiered profits tax rates regime, Hong Kong tax residents are subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax in respect of profits arising in or derived from Hong Kong at 8.25% for the first HK$2 million of profits of the qualifying group entity, and profits above HK$2 million will be taxed at 16.5%. The profits of group entities not qualifying for the two-tiered profits tax rates regime will continue to be taxed at a flat rate of 16.5%.      
Profit tax percent 8.25%      
Estimated assessable profit rate 16.50%      
Corporate income tax rate 20.00%      
Rate of tax 15.00%      
Provisions rate 10.00%      
Corporate income tax rate 20.00%      
progressive rates 5.00%      
Profit tax rate 10.00%      
Operating loss carry forward (in Dollars) | $   $ 164,721   $ 297,207
Percentage of allowance on deferred tax assets 100.00%      
Minimum [Member]        
Provision for IncomeTaxes [Line Items]        
progressive rates 0.00%      
Annual turnover ranges (in Riels) | ៛     ៛ 1  
Maximum [Member]        
Provision for IncomeTaxes [Line Items]        
progressive rates 20.00%      
Annual turnover ranges (in Riels) | ៛     ៛ 1  
HK [Member] | HK SAR [Member]        
Provision for IncomeTaxes [Line Items]        
Estimated assessable profits (in Dollars) | $ $ 2      
v3.24.2.u1
Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of the Provisions for Income Taxes - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of the Significant Components of the Provisions for Income Taxes [Line Items]      
Total provision for income taxes $ 208,141 $ 294,716
Current tax provision Kyrgyzstan [Member]      
Schedule of the Significant Components of the Provisions for Income Taxes [Line Items]      
Total provision for income taxes 196,116  
Current tax provision Cambodia [Member]      
Schedule of the Significant Components of the Provisions for Income Taxes [Line Items]      
Total provision for income taxes 11,323  
Late penalty provision Kyrgyzstan [Member]      
Schedule of the Significant Components of the Provisions for Income Taxes [Line Items]      
Total provision for income taxes $ 702  
v3.24.2.u1
Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Income Taxes - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Income Taxes [Abstract]      
Income before taxes $ 108,418 $ 343,988 $ 156,184
Tax expenses (credit) at the effective tax rates 10,732 (124,591) 36,755
Tax effect on non-taxable income (39,173)
Tax effect on non-deductible expenses 369,101 114,656
Tax effect on late penalty provision 145,295
Change in valuation allowance 28,441
Tax effect on utilization of tax losses (36,369) (1,990)
Income taxes $ 208,141 $ 294,716
v3.24.2.u1
Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets [Abstract]    
– Net operating loss carry forward $ 28,441
Less: valuation allowance (28,441)
Deferred tax assets, net
v3.24.2.u1
Disaggregated Revenues (Details) - Schedule of Business Operations - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Business Operations [Line Items]      
Total revenues $ 5,136,153 $ 5,944,190 $ 4,118,120
IVF treatment service [Member]      
Schedule of Business Operations [Line Items]      
Total revenues 4,021,696 2,819,163 3,199,683
Surrogacy, ancillary caring and other services [Member]      
Schedule of Business Operations [Line Items]      
Total revenues $ 1,114,457 $ 3,125,027 $ 918,437
v3.24.2.u1
Disaggregated Revenues (Details) - Schedule of Geographical Information - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregated Revenues (Details) - Schedule of Geographical Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues $ 5,136,153 $ 5,944,190 $ 4,118,120
HK SAR [Member]      
Disaggregated Revenues (Details) - Schedule of Geographical Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues 34,038
Kyrgyzstan [Member]      
Disaggregated Revenues (Details) - Schedule of Geographical Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues 3,123,593 5,060,973 3,110,483
Cambodia [Member]      
Disaggregated Revenues (Details) - Schedule of Geographical Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues 621,619 377,608 313,737
Thailand [Member]      
Disaggregated Revenues (Details) - Schedule of Geographical Information [Line Items]      
Total revenues $ 1,356,903 $ 505,609 $ 693,900
v3.24.2.u1
Disaggregated Revenues (Details) - Schedule of Revenue Information above is Based on the Locations - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule of Revenue Information above is Based on the Locations [Line Items]      
Total Long-lived assets $ 446,004 $ 506,343 $ 592,378
HK SAR [Member]      
Schedule of Revenue Information above is Based on the Locations [Line Items]      
Total Long-lived assets 584  
Kyrgyzstan [Member]      
Schedule of Revenue Information above is Based on the Locations [Line Items]      
Total Long-lived assets 22,513 20,835
Cambodia [Member]      
Schedule of Revenue Information above is Based on the Locations [Line Items]      
Total Long-lived assets 137,472 229,085 332,799
Thailand [Member]      
Schedule of Revenue Information above is Based on the Locations [Line Items]      
Total Long-lived assets $ 307,948 $ 254,745 $ 238,744
v3.24.2.u1
Risks (Details) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Risks [Line Items]      
Allowance for account receivables $ 19 $ 26  
Allowance for deposits and other receivables
Increase (decrease) interest risk rate 1.00%    
Interest rate other variables, percentage 1.00%    
Increased (decreased) amount $ 541 275 287
Related Party [Member]      
Risks [Line Items]      
Allowance for deposits and other receivables   141  
A SPAC I [Member]      
Risks [Line Items]      
Allowance for deposits and other receivables 17,818 $ 17,059 6,312
Deposits and Other Receivable [Member]      
Risks [Line Items]      
Allowance for deposits and other receivables $ 14   $ 115
v3.24.2.u1
Related Party Balances and Transactions (Details) - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Balances and Transactions [Abstract]    
Due from shareholders $ 354,285 $ 2,240,872
v3.24.2.u1
Related Party Balances and Transactions (Details) - Schedule of Amount Due from and Due to Related Parties - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2023
Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred (“Mr. Siu”) and Ms. Fong Hei Yue, Tina (“Ms. Fong”) [Member]    
Due from shareholders consist of the following:    
Relationship Shareholders and directors (note 1)  
Due to Related Parties $ 2,240,872 $ 354,285
Harcourt Limited [Member]    
Due from shareholders consist of the following:    
Relationship A related company (note 2)  
Due to Related Parties $ 110,773
v3.24.2.u1
Related Party Balances and Transactions (Details) - Schedule of Balance Due from Shareholders - USD ($)
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of the Balance Due from Shareholders [Abstract]    
Due from shareholders $ 372,103 $ 2,257,931
Less: allowance for expected credit loss (17,818) (17,059)
Total shareholders amount $ 354,285 $ 2,240,872
v3.24.2.u1
Related Party Balances and Transactions (Details) - Schedule of Movement of Allowances for Expected Credit Loss - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of the Movement of Allowances for Expected Credit Loss [Abstract]    
Balance at beginning of the year $ (17,059) $ (6,312)
Provision (759) (10,747)
Ending balance $ (17,818) $ (17,059)
v3.24.2.u1
Related Party Balances and Transactions (Details) - Schedule of Consolidated Financial Statements - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Directors’ remuneration to Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred [Member]      
Schedule of Consolidated Financial Statements [Line Items]      
Transactions with Related Parties $ 125,000 $ 120,000 $ 100,000
Directors’ remuneration to Ms. Fong Hei Yue, Tina [Member]      
Schedule of Consolidated Financial Statements [Line Items]      
Transactions with Related Parties 125,000 120,000 100,000
Waiver of related party balance of Mr. Siu Wing Fung, Alfred [Member]      
Schedule of Consolidated Financial Statements [Line Items]      
Transactions with Related Parties $ 88,151
v3.24.2.u1
Loan to a SPAC I (Details) - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Jun. 12, 2023
Loan to a SPAC I [Abstract]    
Aggregate principal amount   $ 560,000
Loan outstanding $ 140,000  
v3.24.2.u1
Contingencies (Details)
Dec. 31, 2023
USD ($)
Contingencies [Abstract]  
Contingent tax penalty $ 486,706
v3.24.2.u1
Segment information (Details)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Information [Abstract]  
Operating segment 1
Reportable segment 1
v3.24.2.u1
Subsequent Events (Details) - Subsequent Event [Member] - USD ($)
Apr. 03, 2024
Feb. 29, 2024
Apr. 04, 2024
Subsequent Events [Line Items]      
Principal amount $ 250,000 $ 1,750,000 $ 2,000,000
Original issue discount   122,500  
Ordinary shares (in Shares) 295,000    
Additional ordinary shares (in Shares) 100,000    
Tranches [Member]      
Subsequent Events [Line Items]      
Principal amount   1,750,000  
Original issue discount   122,500  
Private Placement [Member]      
Subsequent Events [Line Items]      
Principal amount   $ 3,500,000  
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