NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations: Northrim BanCorp, Inc. (the “Company”), is a publicly traded bank holding company headquartered in Anchorage, Alaska that is primarily engaged in the delivery of business and personal banking services through its wholly-owned banking subsidiary, Northrim Bank ("the Bank"). The Bank also engages in retail mortgage origination services through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Residential Mortgage Holding Company, LLC, the parent company of Residential Mortgage, LLC (collectively “RML”). Additionally, the Bank through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Northrim Funding Services ("NFS"), operates a factoring division in Bellevue, Washington. Related companies include Pacific Wealth Advisors, LLC (“PWA”) and Homestate Mortgage Company, LLC ("Homestate"). The Company has an equity investment in PWA through its wholly owned subsidiary, Northrim Investment Services Company ("NISC"), and the Company has an equity investment in Homestate through RML.
Use of Estimates: The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and prevailing practices within the banking industry. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of income, gains, expenses, and losses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include the allowance for loan losses (“Allowance”), valuation of goodwill and other intangibles, valuation of other real estate owned (“OREO”), valuation of mortgage servicing rights, and fair value disclosures.
Consolidation: The Company consolidates affiliates in which we have a controlling interest. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank, RML, and NISC. Significant intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had one wholly-owned business trust subsidiary, Northrim Statutory Trust 2 ("Trust 2") that was formed to issue trust preferred securities and related common securities of Trust 2. The Company has not consolidated the accounts of Trust 2 in its consolidated financial statements in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation (“ASC 810”). As a result, the junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company to Trust 2 are reflected on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as junior subordinated debentures. The Company has determined that PWA and Homestate are not variable interest entities and therefore, the Company does not consolidate the balance sheets and income statements of PWA or Homestate into its financial statements. The Company owns a 24% interest in PWA and a 30% interest in Homestate Mortgage Company, LLC, and these investments are accounted for as equity method investments. Results of PWA and Homestate are included in "Other income" in our Consolidated Statements of Income. Investments in other companies are presented on a one-line basis in the caption “Other assets” in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Operating Segments: In accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company uses the "management approach" in determining reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used the by the Company's CODM for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining the Company's reportable segments. Management, including the CODM, review operating results by the revenue of different services. For the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has two operating business lines; Community Banking and Home Mortgage Lending. Information about the Company's operating segments is included in Note 26 of the Notes to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II. Item 8 of this report.
Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to maintain consistency with the current year with no impact on net income or total shareholders’ equity.
Subsequent Events: The Company has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to December 31, 2021 for potential recognition or disclosure.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with other banks, federal funds sold, and securities with original maturities of less than 90 days at acquisition.
Equity Securities: Marketable equity securities are stated at fair value. Changes in fair value are included in "Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable equity securities" in our Consolidated Statements of Income.
Non-marketable equity securities are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are included in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company performs an impairment analysis on it's non-marketable equity securities when events or circumstances indicate impairment potentially exists.
Investment Securities: Debt securities are classified as available for sale if the Company intends and has the ability to hold those securities for an indefinite period of time, but not necessarily to maturity. Any decision to sell a debt security classified as available for sale would be based on various factors, including significant movements in interest rates, changes in the maturity mix of assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations, and other similar factors. Premiums and discounts are amortized over the life of the related investment security as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned.
Securities available for sale are stated at fair value. Realized gains or losses, determined on the basis of the cost of specific securities sold, are included in earnings. Unrealized holding gains or losses are included in other comprehensive income as a separate component of shareholders' equity, net of tax.
Held to maturity securities are stated at cost, adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount on a level-yield basis. The Company has the ability and intent to hold these securities to maturity.
The Company amortizes purchase premiums for callable debt securities to the earliest call date and discounts are accreted over the contractual life.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Investment Securities: For available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company evaluates the securities to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis (impairment) is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on the balance sheet, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. The ACL may be reversed if conditions change. However, if the Company intends to sell an impaired available for sale debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell such a security before recovering its amortized cost basis, the entire impairment amount must be recognized in earnings with a corresponding adjustment to the security’s amortized cost basis. Because the security’s amortized cost basis is adjusted to fair value, there is no ACL in such a situation.
In evaluating available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions for impairment and the criteria regarding its intent or requirement to sell such securities, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuers’ financial condition, among other factors.
Changes in the ACL are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the ACL when management believes the uncollectability of an available for sale debt security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.
The ACL on held to maturity securities is estimated on a collective basis by major security type. At December 31, 2021, the Company’s held to maturity securities consisted of investments in corporate bonds. Expected credit losses for these securities are estimated using a discounted cash flow ("DCF") methodology which considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
Accrued interest receivable is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock: The Company’s investment in Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (“FHLB”) stock is carried at par value because the shares can only be redeemed with the FHLB at par. The Company is required to maintain a minimum level of investment in FHLB stock based on the Company’s total Bank assets and outstanding advances. FHLB stock is carried at cost and is subject to recoverability testing at least annually.
Loans held for sale: The Company designates loans held for sale as either carried at fair value or the lower of cost or fair value at loan level at origination. Loans held for sale include residential mortgage loans that have been originated for sale in the secondary market. Related gains or losses on the sale of these loans are recognized in mortgage banking income.
Loans: Loans are carried at their principal amount outstanding, net of charge-offs, unamortized fees, and direct loan origination costs. Loan origination fees received in excess of direct origination costs are deferred and accreted to interest income using the interest method in accordance with ASC 310 over the life of the loan. Loan balances are charged-off to the ACL when management believes that collection of principal is unlikely. Interest income on loans is accrued and recognized on the principal amount outstanding except for loans in a nonaccrual status. All classes of loans are placed on nonaccrual when management believes doubt exists as to the collectability of the interest or principal. Cash payments received on nonaccrual loans are directly applied to the principal balance. Generally, a loan may be returned to accrual status when the delinquent principal and interest is brought current in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement and certain ongoing performance criteria have been met. Loans are reported as past due when installment payments, interest payments, or maturity payments are past due based on contractual terms.
A loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties that lead to a restructuring of the loan, and the Company grants concessions to the borrower in the restructuring that it would not otherwise consider. These concessions may include interest rate reductions, principal forgiveness, extension of maturity date and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that is restructured remains on nonaccrual status for a period of at least six months to demonstrate that the borrower can meet the restructured terms. If the borrower's performance under the new terms is not reasonably assured, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan. Interest on TDRs will be accrued at the restructured rates when it is anticipated that no loss of original principal will occur, and the interest can be collected, which is generally after a period of six months.
The Company classifies fair value measurements on loans as level 3 valuations in the fair value hierarchy because of their use of unobservable inputs.
Acquired Loans: Loans purchased without more-than-insignificant credit deterioration are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. Loans purchased with more-than-insignificant credit deterioration will be recorded with their applicable allowance for credit loss to determine amortized cost basis.
Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans: Under the current expected credit loss model adopted by the Company on January 1, 2021, the ACL on loans is a valuation allowance estimated at each balance sheet date that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans.
The Company estimates the ACL on loans based on the underlying assets’ amortized cost basis, which is the amount at which the loan is originated or acquired, adjusted for applicable accretion or amortization of premium, discount, and net deferred fees or costs, collection of cash, and charge-offs. In the event that collection of principal becomes uncertain, the Company has policies in place to reverse accrued interest in a timely manner. Therefore, the Company has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest from the measurement of ACL.
Expected credit losses are reflected in the ACL through a provision for or (reversal) of credit loss expense. When the Company deems all or a portion of a financial asset to be uncollectible the appropriate amount is written off and the ACL is reduced by the same amount. The Company applies judgment to determine when a financial asset is deemed uncollectible; however, generally speaking, an asset will be considered uncollectible when management believes that collection of principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received.
The Company measures expected credit losses of financial assets on a collective (pool) basis, when the financial assets share similar risk characteristics. Depending on the nature and size of the pool of financial assets with similar risk characteristics, the Company uses either a DCF method or a weighted average remaining life method to estimate expected credit losses quantitatively. The weighted average remaining life method uses exposure at default, along with the expected credit losses adjusted for prepayments to calculate the required allowance. The Company utilizes peer historical loss data to estimate credit losses under the weighted average remaining life method. Under the DCF method, the Company utilizes complex models to obtain reasonable and supportable forecasts to calculate two predictive metrics, the probability of default ("PD") and loss given default ("LGD"). Under the DCF method the combination of adjustments for the credit expectations PD and LGD, and timing expectations (prepayment, curtailment, and time to recovery), produces an expected cash flow stream at the instrument level. Instrument effective yield is calculated, net of the impacts of prepayment assumptions, and the instrument expected cash flows are then discounted at that effective yield to produce an instrument-level net present value of expected cash flows (“NPV”). An ACL is established for the difference between the instrument’s NPV and amortized cost basis.
In addition to the quantitative portion of the ACL derived using either the DCF or weighted average remaining life method, the Company also considers the effects of the qualitative factors in its calculation of expected losses in the loan
portfolio. The qualitative factor methodology is based on quantitative metrics, but also includes a high degree of subjectivity and changes in any of the metrics could have a significant impact on our calculation of the allowance.
Loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans in the portfolio are individually evaluated for expected credit losses and are not included in the collective evaluation. Loans are identified for individual evaluation during regular credit reviews of the portfolio. A loan is generally identified for individual evaluation when management determines that we will probably not be able to collect all amounts due according to the loan contract, including scheduled interest payments. When we identify a loan for individual evaluation, we measure expected credit losses using DCF, except when the sole remaining source of the repayment for the loan is the liquidation of the collateral. In these cases, we use the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, instead of DCF. The analysis of collateral dependent loans includes external appraisals or in-house evaluations on loans secured by real property, management’s assessment of the current market, recent payment history and an evaluation of other sources of repayment. The Company’s determination of which method to use is based upon several factors. The Company takes into account compliance with legal and regulatory guidelines, the amount of the loan, the estimated value of the collateral, the location and type of collateral to be valued, and how critical the timing of completion of the analysis is to the assessment of value. Those factors are balanced with the level of internal expertise, internal experience, and market information available, versus external expertise available such as qualified appraisers, brokers, auctioneers, and equipment specialists. The Company uses external appraisals to estimate fair value for projects that are not fully constructed as of the date of valuation. These projects are generally valued as if complete, with an appropriate allowance for cost of completion, including contingencies developed from external sources such as vendors, engineers, and contractors.
The Company’s estimate of the ACL reflects losses expected over the remaining contractual life of the assets. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications unless the Company has identified an expected troubled debt restructuring.
The Company’s ACL reflects all effects of a TDR when an individual asset is specifically identified as a reasonably expected TDR. The Company has determined that a TDR is reasonably expected no later than the point when the lender concludes that modification is the best course of action and it is at least reasonably possible that the troubled borrower will accept some form of concession from the lender to avoid a default. Reasonably expected TDRs and executed non-performing TDRs are evaluated individually to determine the required ACL. TDRs performing in accordance with their modified contractual terms for a reasonable period of time may be included in the Company’s existing pools based on the underlying risk characteristics of the loan to measure the ACL.
If we determine that the value of an individually evaluated loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, we either recognize an allowance for credit losses specific to that loan, or charge-off the deficit balance on collateral dependent loans if it is determined that such amount represents a confirmed loss. Subsequent changes in the expected credit losses for loans evaluated individually are included within the provision for credit losses in the same manner in which the expected credit loss initially was recognized or as a reduction in the provision that would otherwise be reported.
Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") and other loans guaranteed by the U.S. government: With the passage of the PPP, the Company has actively participated in assisting its customers with applications for loans through the program. Loans funded through the PPP program are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government subject to certain representations and warranties. This guarantee exists at the inception of the loans and throughout the lives of the loans and was not entered into separately and apart from the loans. ASC 326 requires credit enhancements that mitigate credit losses, such as the U.S. government guarantee on PPP loans, to be considered in estimating credit losses. The guarantee is considered “embedded” and, therefore, is considered when estimating credit loss on the PPP loans and other loans guaranteed by the U.S. government. Given that the loans are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government and absent any specific loss information on any of our guaranteed loans, the Company does not carry an ACL on its PPP and other loans guaranteed by the U.S. government.
Loan Commitments and Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures: The Company enters into various types of transactions that involve financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, including commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit issued to meet customer financing needs. We apply the same credit standards to these commitments as in all of our lending activities and include these commitments in our lending risk evaluations. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.
The Company records an ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures, unless the commitments to extend credit are unconditionally cancellable, through a charge to provision for credit loss expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date under the
current expected credit loss model using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur, and is included in other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Purchased Receivables and related Allowance for Credit Losses: The Company purchases accounts receivable from its customers. The purchased receivables are carried at amortized cost, net of an ACL. Management measures expected credit losses on purchased receivables by evaluating each receivable individually. Each quarter, management reviews purchased receivable asset balances compared to assets eligible for advancement of funds in order to determine the exposure to loss for the Company. Exposure is zero when outstanding balances exceed assets eligible for advancement. Management may determine that an ACL is appropriate for individual purchased receivables based on asset specific facts and circumstances. Fees charged to the customer are earned while the balances of the purchases are outstanding, which is typically less than one year. Changes in the ACL are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense.
Other Real Estate Owned: OREO represents properties acquired through foreclosure or its equivalent. Prior to foreclosure, the carrying value is adjusted to the fair value, less cost to sell, of the real estate to be acquired by an adjustment to the Allowance. Management’s evaluation of fair value is based on appraisals or discounted cash flows of anticipated sales. After foreclosure, any subsequent reduction in the carrying value is charged against earnings. Operating expenses associated with OREO are charged to earnings in the period they are incurred. Operating expenses associated with OREO are recorded net of rental income and gain on sales associated with OREO.
Premises and Equipment: Premises and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense for financial reporting purposes is computed using the straight-line method based upon the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets that vary according to the asset type and include; furniture and equipment ranging between 3 and 7 years, leasehold improvements ranging between 2 and 15 years, and buildings at 39 years. Maintenance and repairs are charged to current operations, while renewals and betterments are capitalized. Long-lived assets such as premises and equipment are reviewed for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the remaining useful life may warrant revision, or that the carrying amount of the long-lived asset may not be fully recoverable. If impairment is determined to exist, any related impairment loss is calculated based on fair value. Impairment losses on assets to be disposed of, if any, are based on the estimated proceeds to be received, less costs of disposal.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: Intangible assets are comprised of goodwill and other intangibles acquired in business combinations. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized to their estimated residual values over their respective useful lives, and are also reviewed for impairment. Amortization of intangible assets is included in other operating expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company performs a goodwill impairment analysis at each reporting unit on an annual basis. Additionally, the Company performs a goodwill impairment evaluation on an interim basis when events or circumstances indicate impairment potentially exists.
Low Income Housing Tax Credit Partnerships: The Company earns a return on its investments in these partnerships in the form of tax credits and deductions that flow through to it as a limited partner. The Company amortizes these investments in tax expense over the period during which tax benefits are received.
Servicing Rights: Mortgage and commercial servicing rights associated with loans originated and sold, where servicing is retained, are measured at fair value and changes in fair value are reported through earnings. Changes in the fair value of servicing rights occur primarily due to the collection/realization of expected cash flows, as well as changes in valuation inputs and assumptions. Under the fair value method, servicing rights are carried on the balance sheet at fair value and the changes in fair value are reported in earnings in other operating income in the period in which the change occurs. Fair value measurements are determined using a discounted cash flow model. In order to determine the fair value of servicing rights, the present value of net expected future cash flows is estimated. Assumptions used include market discount rates, anticipated prepayment speeds, escrow calculations, delinquency rates, and ancillary fee income net of servicing costs. For mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs"), the model assumptions are also compared to publicly filed information from several large MSR holders, as available.
Other Assets: Other assets include purchased software and prepaid expenses. Purchased software is carried at amortized cost and is amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life or the term of the agreement. Also included in other assets is the net deferred tax asset, bank owned life insurance carried at cash surrender value, net of premium charges, accrued interest receivable, taxes receivable, and rate lock derivatives.
Derivatives: The Company records all derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The accounting for change in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate the
derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting, and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Interest rate swaps that are designated as a cash flow hedge and satisfy the hedge accounting requirements involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counter-party in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. For derivatives which are designed as cash flow hedges and satisfy hedge accounting requirements, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The fair value of the Company's derivatives is determined using DCF analysis using observable market based inputs. The Company considers all free-standing derivatives not designated in a hedging relationship as economic hedges and recognizes these derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the balance sheet. These assets and liabilities are measured at fair value, and changes in fair value are recorded in earnings. By using derivatives, the Company is exposed to counterparty credit risk, which is the risk that counterparties to the derivative contracts do not perform as expected. If a counterparty fails to perform, our counterparty credit risk is equal to the amount reported as a derivative asset on our balance sheet, net of cash collateral received. We minimize counterparty credit risk through credit approvals, limits, monitoring procedures, and obtaining collateral, where appropriate. For derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement, we do not offset fair value amounts of interest rate swaps in liability positions with interest rate swaps in asset positions. For further detail, see Note 20 of the notes to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II. Item 8 of this report.
Transfers or sales of financial assets: For transfers of entire financial assets or a participating interest in an entire financial asset recorded as sales, we recognize and initially measure at fair value all assets obtained and liabilities incurred. We record a gain or loss in other operating income for the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the assets sold. Fair values are based on quoted market prices, quoted market prices for similar assets, or if market prices are not available, then the fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow analysis with assumptions for credit losses, prepayments and discount rates that are corroborated by and verified against market observable data, where possible.
Revenue Recognition: The majority of the Company's revenues come from interest income on loans and investment securities, as well as other non-interest income including mortgage banking income, bankcard fees, purchased receivable income, and service charges on deposits. The Company recognizes income in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance for these revenue sources. The Company's revenues that are within the scope of ASC Topic 606 are presented within other operating income and include bankcard fees, service charges on deposits, and other non-interest income including merchant services fees, commissions from sales of mutual funds and other investments, safety deposit box rental fees, bank check and other check fees, and other miscellaneous revenue streams.
Revenue within the contracts with customers guidance is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with customers are satisfied. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. When the amount of consideration is variable, the Company will only recognize revenue to the extent that it is probable that the cumulative amount recognized will not be subject to a significant reversal in the future. Substantially all of the Company's contracts with customers have expected durations of one year or less and payments are typically due when or as the services are rendered or shortly thereafter. When third parties are involved in providing services to customers, the Company recognizes revenue on a gross basis when it has control over those services being provided to the customer; otherwise, revenue is recognized for the net amount of any fee or commission.
Advertising: Advertising, promotion, and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. The Company reported total expenses in these areas of $2.7 million, $2.3 million, and $2.4 million for each of the years ending December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Stock Incentive Plans: The Company has stock-based employee compensation plans as more fully discussed in Note 22, Stock-Based Compensation to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II. Item 8 of this report. Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock units issued to employees based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant. A Black Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price for the Company's common stock at the date of grant issued is utilized for restricted stock awards. The Company recognizes compensation expense over the vesting period of each award. The Company's accounting policy changed during the year ended December 31, 2020 and now recognizes forfeitures as they occur.
Income Taxes: The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the future consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period
that includes the enactment date. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits in “Other operating expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Earnings Per Share: Earnings per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares and dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during the period. Stock options and restricted stock units, as described in Note 22 of the notes to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II. Item 8 of this report, are considered to be common stock equivalents. Potentially dilutive shares are excluded from the computation of earnings per share if their effect is anti-dilutive. Anti-dilutive shares outstanding related to options to acquire common stock for the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled 45,062. There were no anti-dilutive shares outstanding related to options to acquire common stock in 2021 or 2019.
Information used to calculate earnings per share was as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Net income | $37,517 | | $32,888 | | $20,691 | |
| Basic weighted average common shares outstanding | 6,181 | | 6,355 | | 6,709 | |
| Dilutive effect of potential common shares from awards granted under equity incentive program | 68 | | 76 | | 99 | |
| Total | 6,249 | | 6,431 | | 6,808 | |
| Earnings per common share | | | |
| Basic | $6.07 | | $5.18 | | $3.08 | |
| Diluted | $6.00 | | $5.11 | | $3.04 | |
Comprehensive Income: Comprehensive income consists of net income, net unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale after the tax effect, and net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities.
Concentrations: Substantially all of the Company’s business is derived from the Anchorage, Matanuska-Susitna Valley, Fairbanks, Kenai Peninsula, and Southeast areas of Alaska. As such, the Company’s growth and operations depend upon the economic conditions of Alaska and these specific markets. These areas rely primarily upon the natural resources industries, particularly oil production, as well as tourism, government and U.S. military spending for their economic success. A significant majority of the unrestricted revenues of the Alaska state government are currently funded through various taxes and royalties on the oil industry. The Company’s business is and will remain sensitive to economic factors that relate to these industries and local and regional business conditions. As a result, local or regional economic downturns, or downturns that disproportionately affect one or more of the key industries in regions served by the Company, may have a more pronounced effect upon its business than they might on an institution that is less geographically concentrated. The extent of the future impact of these events on economic and business conditions cannot be predicted; however, prolonged or acute fluctuations could have a material and adverse impact upon the Company’s results of operation and financial condition.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $572.7 million and $728.2 million, respectively, in commercial and construction loans. At December 31, 2021, commercial loans included $118.2 million in PPP loans administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA"). Additionally, the Company continues to have a concentration in large borrowing relationships. At December 31, 2021, 33% of the Company’s loan portfolio is attributable to 32 large borrowing relationships. The Company has additional unfunded commitments to these borrowers of $153.3 million at December 31, 2021.
Fair Value Measurements: Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for an asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the use of inputs used in valuation methodologies. In accordance with GAAP, the Company groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value into the following three levels:
•Level 1: Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. A quoted market price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and is used to measure fair value whenever available. A contractually binding sales price also provides reliable evidence of fair value.
•Level 2: Valuation is based upon quoted market prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
•Level 3: Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market, or inputs that require significant management judgment or estimation, some of which may be internally developed.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting pronouncements implemented in 2021
In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“ASU 2016-13” or “CECL”). ASU 2016-13 is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. Under ASU 2016-13 financial institutions and other organizations will use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates but will continue to use judgment to determine which loss estimation method is appropriate for their circumstances. ASU 2016-13 requires enhanced disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization's portfolio. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements that provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. In addition, ASU 2016-13 amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration.
ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2019, and must be applied prospectively. However, on October 16, 2019 the FASB voted to delay ASU 2016-13 for Smaller Reporting Companies. The Company had elected Small Reporting Company status, which changes the effective date for ASU 2016-13 for the Company to fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2022. Early application was permitted for specified periods. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2021 after finalizing data and model validation and our internal governance framework. The guidance was applied on a modified retrospective basis with the cumulative effect of initially applying the amendments recognized in retained earnings at January 1, 2021. However, certain provisions of the guidance are only required to be applied on a prospective basis.
Results for periods beginning after January 1, 2021 and presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable US GAAP. The Company recorded a net increase in retained earnings of $2.4 million upon adoption of ASU 2016-13. The transition adjustment includes a decrease in the ACL on loans of $4.5 million, a decrease in the ACL on purchased receivables of $73,000, and an increase in the ACL on unfunded commitments of $1.2 million, net of the corresponding net decrease in deferred tax assets of $954,000.
Accounting pronouncements to be implemented in future periods
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Report of Financial Reporting ("ASU 2020-04"). ASU 2020-04 was issued to provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The last expedient is a one-time election to sell or transfer debt securities classified as held to maturity. The expedients are in effect from March 12, 2020, through December 31, 2022. The Company will be able to use the expedients in this guidance to manage through the transition away from LIBOR, specifically for our loan portfolio, derivative contracts, and bond portfolio.
In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, ("ASU 2021-01"). The amendments in ASU 2021-01 are elective and apply to all entities that have derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment that is modified as a result of reference rate reform. The amendments clarify certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition.
LIBOR is a widely-referenced benchmark rate, which is published in five currencies and a range of tenors, and seeks to estimate the cost at which banks can borrow on an unsecured basis from other banks. The administrator of LIBOR, ICE Benchmark Administration, published a consultation in December 2020 regarding its intention to cease the publication of LIBOR after December 31, 2021, with the exception of certain tenors of U.S. dollar (USD) LIBOR that it proposed would remain available for use in legacy contracts or as otherwise enumerated by financial regulators until June 30, 2023. The Company has some assets and liabilities referenced to LIBOR, such as commercial loans, derivatives, debt securities, and junior subordinated debentures. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $180.5 million of assets, including $102.2 million in commercial loans and $78.1 million in debt securities, and $10.0 million of liabilities in the form of our junior subordinated debentures linked to USD LIBOR. These amounts exclude derivative assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2021, the notional amount of our USD LIBOR-linked interest rate derivative contracts was $143.2 million. Of this amount, $71.6 million in notional value represent commercial loan interest rate swap agreements with commercial banking customers. An additional $71.6 million in notional value represent corresponding swap agreements with third party financial institutions that offset the commercial loan swaps. Swap agreements with third party institutions are $81.6 million, including an interest rate swap agreement for $10.0 million in notional value related to our junior subordinated debentures. Each of the USD LIBOR-linked amounts referenced above are expected to vary in future periods as current contracts expire with potential replacement contracts using an alternative reference rate.
In an effort to mitigate the risks associated with a transition away from LIBOR, our Asset Liability Committee has undertaken initiatives to: (i) develop more robust fallback language and disclosures related to the LIBOR transition, (ii) develop a plan to seek to amend legacy contracts to reference such fallback language or alternative reference rates, (iii) enhance systems to support commercial loans, securities, and derivatives linked to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate and other alternative reference rates, (iv) develop and evaluate internal guidance, policies and procedures focused on the transition away from LIBOR to alternative reference rate products, and (v) prepare and disseminate internal and external communications regarding the LIBOR transition.
ASU 2021-01 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 2 – Cash and Due from Banks
The Company is no longer required to maintain minimum cash balances or deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco ("Federal Reserve Bank").
The Company is required to maintain a $300,000 balance with a correspondent bank for outsourced servicing of ATMs.
The Company is required to maintain a $100,000 and $2.8 million balance with a correspondent bank to collateralize the initial margin and the fair value exposure of one of its interest rate swaps, respectively.
NOTE 3 - Interest Bearing Deposits in Other Banks
All interest bearing deposits in other banks have a maturity of one year or less. Balances at December 31 for the respective years are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Interest bearing deposits at Federal Reserve Bank | $622,034 | | | $54,488 | |
| Interest bearing deposits at FHLB | 138 | | | 133 | |
| | | |
| Other interest bearing deposits at other institutions | 2,850 | | | 38,040 | |
| Total | $625,022 | | | $92,661 | |
NOTE 4 - Investment Securities
Marketable Equity Securities
The Company held marketable equity securities with fair values of $8.4 million and $9.1 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The gross realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on marketable equity securities in other operating income in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods indicated were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable equity securities | ($101) | | | $61 | | | $911 | |
| Gain on sale of marketable equity securities, net | 67 | | | 98 | | | — | |
| Total | ($34) | | | $159 | | | $911 | |
Debt securities
Debt securities have been classified in the financial statements as available for sale or held to maturity. The following table summarizes the amortized cost, estimated fair value, and ACL of debt securities and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses of available for sale securities recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and unrecognized gains and losses of held to maturity securities at the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Allowance for Credit Losses | | Fair Value |
| December 31, 2021 | | | | | | | | | |
| Securities available for sale | | | | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury and government sponsored entities | $345,514 | | | $333 | | | ($4,367) | | | $— | | | $341,480 | |
| Municipal securities | 820 | | | 20 | | | — | | | — | | | 840 | |
| Corporate bonds | 32,721 | | | 302 | | | (77) | | | — | | | 32,946 | |
| Collateralized loan obligations | 51,431 | | | 9 | | | (22) | | | — | | | 51,418 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Total securities available for sale | $430,486 | | | $664 | | | ($4,466) | | | $— | | | $426,684 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value |
| December 31, 2021 | | | | | | | |
| Securities held to maturity | | | | | | | |
| Corporate bonds | $20,000 | | | $— | | | ($836) | | | $19,164 | |
| Allowance for credit losses | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Total securities held to maturity, net of ACL | $20,000 | | | $— | | | ($836) | | | $19,164 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value |
| December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | |
| Securities available for sale | | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury and government sponsored entities | $173,318 | | | $1,330 | | | ($47) | | | $174,601 | |
| Municipal securities | 820 | | | 36 | | | — | | | 856 | |
| Corporate bonds | 29,951 | | | 546 | | | (5) | | | 30,492 | |
| Collateralized loan obligations | 41,782 | | | 44 | | | (142) | | | 41,684 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total securities available for sale | $245,871 | | | $1,956 | | | ($194) | | | $247,633 | |
| Securities held to maturity | | | | | | | |
| Corporate bonds | $10,000 | | | $— | | | $— | | | $10,000 | |
| Total securities held to maturity | $10,000 | | | $— | | | $— | | | $10,000 | |
Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2021 and 2020, were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less Than 12 Months | More Than 12 Months | Total |
| (In Thousands) | Fair
Value | Unrealized Losses | Fair
Value | Unrealized Losses | Fair
Value | Unrealized Losses |
| 2021 | | | | | | |
| Securities Available for Sale | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury and government sponsored entities | $292,845 | | ($4,012) | | $21,743 | | ($355) | | $314,588 | | ($4,367) | |
| Corporate bonds | 4,953 | | (77) | | — | | — | | 4,953 | | (77) | |
| | | | | | |
| Collateralized loan obligations | 29,470 | | (22) | | — | | — | | 29,470 | | (22) | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| Total | $327,268 | | ($4,111) | | $21,743 | | ($355) | | $349,011 | | ($4,466) | |
| 2020 | | | | | | |
| Securities Available for Sale | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury and government sponsored entities | $31,270 | | ($47) | | $— | | $— | | $31,270 | | ($47) | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| Corporate bonds | 3,198 | | (5) | | — | | — | | 3,198 | | (5) | |
| Collateralized loan obligations | 23,670 | | (118) | | 2,967 | | (24) | | 26,637 | | (142) | |
| Total | $58,138 | | ($170) | | $2,967 | | ($24) | | $61,105 | | ($194) | |
Management evaluates available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions to determine whether the impairment is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Consideration is given to the extent to which the fair value is less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were 41 and 12 available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position without an ACL, respectively, that have been in a loss position for less than twelve months. There were 3 and 1 available for sale securities without an ACL with unrealized losses at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, that have been at a loss position for more than twelve months. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were two and no held to maturity securities in an unrealized loss position without an ACL, respectively, that have been in a loss position for less than twelve months. Management does not have the intent to sell any of these securities and believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell any such securities before a recovery of cost. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2021, management believes that the unrealized losses detailed in the previous table are due to noncredit-related factors, including changes in interest rates and other market conditions, and therefore no losses have been recognized in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, $59.5 million and $77.9 million in securities were pledged for deposits and borrowings, respectively.
The amortized cost and fair values of available for sale and held to maturity debt securities at December 31, 2021, are distributed by contractual maturity as shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | | Weighted Average Yield |
| U.S. Treasury and government sponsored entities | | | | | |
| Within 1 year | $4,999 | | | $5,041 | | | 2.80 | % |
| 1-5 years | 340,515 | | | 336,439 | | | 0.79 | % |
| | | | | |
| Total | $345,514 | | | $341,480 | | | 0.82 | % |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Corporate bonds | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| 1-5 years | $37,691 | | | $37,912 | | | 2.41 | % |
| 5-10 years | 15,030 | | | 14,953 | | | 6.50 | % |
| Total | $52,721 | | | $52,865 | | | 2.81 | % |
| Collateralized loan obligations | | | | | |
| 1-5 years | $5,000 | | | $5,000 | | | 1.65 | % |
| 5-10 years | 46,431 | | | 46,418 | | | 1.39 | % |
| | | | | |
| Total | $51,431 | | | $51,418 | | | 1.42 | % |
| Municipal securities | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| 1-5 years | 820 | | | 840 | | | 2.14 | % |
| | | | | |
| Total | $820 | | | $840 | | | 2.14 | % |
The proceeds and resulting gains and losses, computed using specific identification, from sales of investment securities for the years ending December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Proceeds | | Gross Gains | | Gross Losses |
| 2021 | | | | | |
| Available for sale securities | $— | | | $— | | | $— | |
| 2020 | | | | | |
| Available for sale securities | $— | | | $— | | | $— | |
| 2019 | | | | | |
| Available for sale securities | $4,219 | | | $23 | | | $— | |
A summary of interest income for the years ending December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 on available for investment securities is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| U.S. Treasury and government sponsored entities | $2,203 | | | $3,396 | | | $4,170 | |
| | | | | |
| Other | 1,118 | | | 1,354 | | | 2,282 | |
| Total taxable interest income | $3,321 | | | $4,750 | | | $6,452 | |
| Municipal securities | $18 | | | $82 | | | $120 | |
| Total tax-exempt interest income | $18 | | | $82 | | | $120 | |
| Total | $3,339 | | | $4,832 | | | $6,572 | |
NOTE 5 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
Loans Held for Sale
Loans held for sale are comprised entirely of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Loans Held for Investment
The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2021. Upon adoption, the Company changed its loan segments for purposes of the calculation of the ACL. Prior to January 1, 2021, the Company's loan segments were based on a combination of loan purpose and loan collateral. Effective January 1, 2021 and thereafter, the Company's loan segments are primarily based on loan collateral. The following table presents the Company's loan segments as of December 31, 2020 under the legacy segmentation and the new segmentation under ASU 2016-13:
| | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Pre-ASU 2016-13 |
| Commercial loans | $780,058 | |
| Real estate construction one-to-four family | 38,467 | |
| Real estate construction other | 80,315 | |
| Real estate term owner occupied | 163,597 | |
| Real estate term non-owner occupied | 309,074 | |
| Real estate term other | 46,620 | |
| Consumer secured by 1st deeds of trust | 15,585 | |
| Consumer other | 22,069 | |
| Subtotal | 1,455,785 | |
| Unearned loan fees, net | (11,735) | |
| Total portfolio loans | $1,444,050 | |
| |
| Post-ASU 2016-13 |
| Commercial & industrial loans | $619,304 | |
| Commercial real estate: | |
| Owner occupied properties | 234,364 | |
| Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties | 394,860 | |
| Residential real estate: | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens | 33,463 | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens | 18,114 | |
| 1-4 family residential construction loans | 32,760 | |
| Other construction, land development and raw land loans | 84,352 | |
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US | 15,274 | |
| Agricultural production, including commercial fishing | 13,093 | |
| Consumer loans | 5,794 | |
| Other loans | 4,407 | |
| Subtotal | $1,455,785 | |
| Unearned loan fees, net | ($11,735) | |
| Total portfolio loans | $1,444,050 | |
The following table presents amortized cost and unpaid principal balance of loans for the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |
| (In Thousands) | Amortized Cost | Unpaid Principal | Difference | Amortized Cost | Unpaid Principal | Difference |
| Commercial & industrial loans | $448,338 | | $454,106 | | ($5,768) | | $612,254 | | $619,304 | | ($7,050) | |
| Commercial real estate: | | | | | | |
| Owner occupied properties | 300,200 | | 301,623 | | (1,423) | | 233,320 | | 234,363 | | (1,043) | |
| Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties | 435,311 | | 438,631 | | (3,320) | | 392,452 | | 394,860 | | (2,408) | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens | 32,542 | | 32,602 | | (60) | | 33,415 | | 33,510 | | (95) | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens | 19,610 | | 19,489 | | 121 | | 18,236 | | 18,114 | | 122 | |
| 1-4 family residential construction loans | 36,222 | | 36,542 | | (320) | | 32,500 | | 32,760 | | (260) | |
| Other construction, land development and raw land loans | 88,094 | | 88,604 | | (510) | | 83,463 | | 84,351 | | (888) | |
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US | 16,403 | | 16,565 | | (162) | | 15,318 | | 15,274 | | 44 | |
| Agricultural production, including commercial fishing | 27,959 | | 28,082 | | (123) | | 12,968 | | 13,093 | | (125) | |
| Consumer loans | 4,801 | | 4,763 | | 38 | | 5,734 | | 5,794 | | (60) | |
| Other loans | 4,406 | | 4,422 | | (16) | | 4,390 | | 4,407 | | (17) | |
| Total | 1,413,886 | | 1,425,429 | | (11,543) | | 1,444,050 | | 1,455,830 | | (11,780) | |
| Allowance for credit losses | (11,739) | | | | (21,136) | | | |
| $1,402,147 | | $1,425,429 | | ($11,543) | | $1,422,914 | | $1,455,830 | | ($11,780) | |
The difference between the amortized cost and unpaid principal balance is primarily net deferred origination fees totaling $11.5 million and $11.7 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and premiums and discounts associated with acquired loans totaling $0 and $47,000 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans held for investment, totaled $5.5 million and $7.1 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and was included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Amortized cost in the above table includes $118.2 million and $304.6 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, in PPP loans administered by the SBA within the Commercial & industrial loan segment.
At December 31, 2021, approximately 75% of the Company’s loans, excluding PPP loans, are secured by real estate and 1% are unsecured. Approximately 24% are for general commercial uses, including professional, retail, and small businesses. Repayment is expected from the borrowers’ cash flow or, secondarily, the collateral. The Company’s exposure to credit loss, if any, is the outstanding amount of the loan if the collateral is determined to be of no value.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The activity in the ACL related to loans held for investment is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Beginning Balance | Impact of adopting ASC 326 | Credit Loss Expense (Benefit) | Charge-offs | Recoveries | Ending Balance |
| (In Thousands) |
| 2021 | | | | | | |
| Commercial | $7,973 | | ($7,973) | | $— | | $— | | $— | | — | |
| Real estate construction 1-4 family | 679 | | (679) | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Real estate construction other | 1,179 | | (1,179) | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Real estate term owner occupied | 2,625 | | (2,625) | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Real estate term non-owner occupied | 5,133 | | (5,133) | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Real estate term other | 779 | | (779) | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Consumer secured by 1st deed of trust | 261 | | (261) | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Consumer other | 400 | | (400) | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Unallocated | 2,107 | | (2,107) | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Commercial & industrial loans | — | | 4,348 | | (122) | | (1,452) | | 253 | | 3,027 | |
| Commercial real estate: | | | | | | |
| Owner occupied properties | — | | 3,579 | | (412) | | — | | 9 | | 3,176 | |
| Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties | — | | 4,944 | | (2,014) | | — | | — | | 2,930 | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens | — | | 673 | | (234) | | — | | — | | 439 | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens | — | | 419 | | (242) | | — | | 38 | | 215 | |
| 1-4 family residential construction loans | — | | 454 | | (334) | | — | | — | | 120 | |
| Other construction, land development and raw land loans | — | | 1,994 | | (359) | | — | | — | | 1,635 | |
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US | — | | 44 | | (12) | | — | | — | | 32 | |
| Agricultural production, including commercial fishing | — | | 49 | | 11 | | — | | 31 | | 91 | |
| Consumer loans | — | | 118 | | (65) | | — | | 14 | | 67 | |
| Other loans | — | | 3 | | 4 | | — | | — | | 7 | |
| Total | $21,136 | | ($4,511) | | ($3,779) | | ($1,452) | | $345 | | $11,739 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Beginning Balance | Provision (benefit) | Charge-offs | Recoveries | Ending Balance |
| (In Thousands) |
| 2020 | | | | | |
| Commercial | $6,604 | | $1,680 | | ($1,021) | | $710 | | $7,973 | |
| Real estate construction 1-4 family | 643 | | 36 | | — | | — | | 679 | |
| Real estate construction other | 1,017 | | 162 | | — | | — | | 1,179 | |
| Real estate term owner occupied | 2,188 | | 522 | | (85) | | — | | 2,625 | |
| Real estate term non-owner occupied | 5,180 | | (47) | | — | | — | | 5,133 | |
| Real estate term other | 671 | | 106 | | — | | 2 | | 779 | |
| Consumer secured by 1st deed of trust | 270 | | (9) | | — | | — | | 261 | |
| Consumer other | 436 | | (46) | | (15) | | 25 | | 400 | |
| Unallocated | 2,079 | | 28 | | — | | — | | 2,107 | |
| Total | $19,088 | | $2,432 | | ($1,121) | | $737 | | $21,136 | |
As of December 31, 2021 the ACL decreased to $11.7 million. The Company primarily uses a DCF method to estimate ACL for loans. The Company utilizes and forecasts unemployment in Alaska as the primary loss driver in the DCF model. The Company also utilizes and forecasts either the one-year percentage change in the Alaska home price index or the one-year percentage change in the national commercial real estate price index as a second loss driver depending on the nature of the underlying loan pool and how well that loss driver correlates to expected future losses. Consistent forecasts of the loss drivers are used across the loan segments.
At December 31, 2021, as compared to January 1, 2021, the Company forecasted a significantly lower unemployment rate in Alaska, a slightly higher one-year percentage change in the national commercial real estate price index, and a higher one-year percentage change in the Alaska home price index over the reasonable and supportable forecast period. Specifically regarding the forecasts used to calculate the December 31, 2021 ACL, management expects unemployment to decline each quarter in 2022 as compare to actual levels observed in Alaska as of December 2021. This rate is still above pre-pandemic levels over the forecast period, but is lower than rates previously projected by management.
The Company also applies qualitative factors in our CECL model, and these factors also improved as of December 31, 2021 as compared to January 1, 2021 due to increases in oil prices. Additionally, the ACL for individually impaired loans decreased during the 2021 due to pay downs. These factors, which decreased the ACL during 2021, were only partially offset by an increase in loan balances.
The following table presents loans individually and collectively evaluated for impairment and their respective allowance for credit loss allocations as of December 31, 2020, as determined in accordance with ASC 310 prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Loan Evaluation | | ALLL Allocations |
| Individually | Collectively | Total | | Individually | Collectively | Total |
| | | | | | | |
| Commercial | $7,786 | | $764,682 | | $772,468 | | | $13 | | $7,960 | | $7,973 | |
| Real estate construction 1-4 family | 702 | | $37,478 | | 38,180 | | | — | | 679 | | 679 | |
| Real estate construction other | — | | $79,403 | | 79,403 | | | — | | 1,179 | | 1,179 | |
| Real estate term owner occupied | 6,962 | | $155,762 | | 162,724 | | | — | | 2,625 | | 2,625 | |
| Real estate term non-owner occupied | 770 | | $306,477 | | 307,247 | | | — | | 5,133 | | 5,133 | |
| Real estate term other | 1,467 | | $44,763 | | 46,230 | | | — | | 779 | | 779 | |
| Consumer secured by 1st deed of trust | 259 | | $15,289 | | 15,548 | | | — | | 261 | | 261 | |
| Consumer other | 82 | | $22,168 | | 22,250 | | | — | | 400 | | 400 | |
| Unallocated | — | | — | | — | | | — | | 2,107 | | 2,107 | |
| Total | $18,028 | | $1,426,022 | | $1,444,050 | | | $13 | | $21,123 | | $21,136 | |
The following table presents information pertaining to impaired loans as of December 31, 2020, as determined in accordance with ASC 310 prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Impaired Loans With a Valuation Allowance | | Impaired Loans Without a Valuation Allowance |
| (In Thousands) | Recorded Investment | Unpaid Principal | Related Allowance | | Recorded Investment | Unpaid Principal |
| | | | | | |
| Commercial | $308 | | $308 | | $13 | | | $7,478 | | $8,287 | |
| Real estate construction 1-4 family | — | | — | | — | | | 702 | | 702 | |
| Real estate construction other | — | | — | | — | | | — | | — | |
| Real estate term owner occupied | — | | — | | — | | | 6,962 | | 7,047 | |
| Real estate term non-owner occupied | — | | — | | — | | | 771 | | 771 | |
| Real estate term other | — | | — | | — | | | 1,467 | | 1,467 | |
| Consumer secured by 1st deed of trust | — | | — | | — | | | 258 | | 258 | |
| Consumer other | — | | — | | — | | | 82 | | 87 | |
| Total | $308 | | $308 | | $13 | | | $17,720 | | $18,619 | |
The following table presents average impaired loans information, as determined in accordance with ASC 310 prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, and interest recognized on such loans, for the year ended December 31, 2020:
| | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Average Impaired Loans | Interest Recognized |
| Commercial | $10,964 | | $147 | |
| Real estate construction 1-4 family | 781 | | — | |
| Real estate construction other | — | | — | |
| Real estate term owner occupied | 6,739 | | 125 | |
| Real estate term non-owner occupied | 562 | | 29 | |
| Real estate term other | 1,551 | | 20 | |
| Consumer secured by 1st deed of trust | 299 | | 12 | |
| Consumer other | 86 | | — | |
| Total | $20,982 | | $333 | |
Credit Quality Information
As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management utilizes a loan risk grading system called the Asset Quality Rating (“AQR”) system to assign a risk classification to each of its loans. The risk classification is a dual rating system that contemplates both probability of default and risk of loss given default. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 10 and, loans graded 1 – 6 are considered “pass” grade loans. Loans graded 7 or higher are considered "classified" loans. A description of the general characteristics of the AQR risk classifications are as follows:
Pass grade loans – 1 through 6: The borrower demonstrates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service, including acceptable profit margins, cash flows, liquidity and other balance sheet ratios. Historic and projected performance indicates that the borrower is able to meet obligations under most economic circumstances. The Company has competent management with an acceptable track record. The category does not include loans with undue or unwarranted credit risks that constitute identifiable weaknesses.
Classified loans:
Special Mention – 7: A "special mention" credit has weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset at some future date.
Substandard – 8: A "substandard" credit is inadequately protected by the current worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful – 9: An asset classified "doubtful" has all the weaknesses inherent in one that is classified "substandard-8" with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The loan has substandard characteristics, and available information suggests that it is unlikely that the loan will be repaid in its entirety.
Loss – 10: An asset classified "loss" is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance on the books is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.
The following tables present the Company's portfolio of risk-rated loans by grade and by year of origination. Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. Generally, current period renewals of credit are re-underwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | Prior | Total |
| (In Thousands) |
| Commercial & industrial loans | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $227,376 | | $54,478 | | $29,846 | | $37,339 | | $23,205 | | $44,554 | | $416,798 | |
| Classified | 18,853 | | 714 | | 3,564 | | 3,118 | | 517 | | 4,774 | | 31,540 | |
| Total commercial & industrial loans | $246,229 | | $55,192 | | $33,410 | | $40,457 | | $23,722 | | $49,328 | | $448,338 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Commercial real estate: | | | | | | | |
| Owner occupied properties | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $81,533 | | $83,975 | | $39,254 | | $14,841 | | $14,452 | | $57,717 | | $291,772 | |
| Classified | — | | 1,399 | | — | | 522 | | — | | 6,507 | | 8,428 | |
| Total commercial real estate owner occupied properties | $81,533 | | $85,374 | | $39,254 | | $15,363 | | $14,452 | | $64,224 | | $300,200 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties | | | | | |
| Pass | $77,205 | | $77,961 | | $61,147 | | $34,307 | | $19,833 | | $154,561 | | $425,014 | |
| Classified | — | | — | | — | | 10 | | 10,286 | | 1 | | 10,297 | |
| Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied and multifamily properties | $77,205 | | $77,961 | | $61,147 | | $34,317 | | $30,119 | | $154,562 | | $435,311 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens | | | | | |
| Pass | $7,756 | | $8,023 | | $3,689 | | $531 | | $1,466 | | $8,812 | | $30,277 | |
| Classified | 417 | | 1,077 | | 472 | | 90 | | — | | 209 | | 2,265 | |
| Total residential real estate 1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens | $8,173 | | $9,100 | | $4,161 | | $621 | | $1,466 | | $9,021 | | $32,542 | |
| | | | | | | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens | | |
| Pass | $5,806 | | $2,535 | | $3,229 | | $3,464 | | $259 | | $4,046 | | $19,339 | |
| Classified | — | | — | | — | | 259 | | — | | 12 | | 271 | |
| Total residential real estate 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens | $5,806 | | $2,535 | | $3,229 | | $3,723 | | $259 | | $4,058 | | $19,610 | |
| | | | | | | |
| 1-4 family residential construction loans | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $21,409 | | $1,056 | | $1,707 | | $62 | | $— | | $11,879 | | $36,113 | |
| Classified | — | | — | | — | | — | | 109 | | — | | 109 | |
| Total residential real estate 1-4 family residential construction loans | $21,409 | | $1,056 | | $1,707 | | $62 | | $109 | | $11,879 | | $36,222 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Other construction, land development and raw land loans | | | | |
| Pass | $39,624 | | $26,458 | | $11,044 | | $3,315 | | $139 | | $5,544 | | $86,124 | |
| Classified | — | | — | | — | | 460 | | — | | 1,510 | | 1,970 | |
| Total other construction, land development and raw land loans | $39,624 | | $26,458 | | $11,044 | | $3,775 | | $139 | | $7,054 | | $88,094 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US | | | | |
| Pass | $4,120 | | $812 | | $1,875 | | $343 | | $2,733 | | $6,520 | | $16,403 | |
| Classified | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US | $4,120 | | $812 | | $1,875 | | $343 | | $2,733 | | $6,520 | | $16,403 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Agricultural production, including commercial fishing | | | | |
| Pass | $19,970 | | $3,929 | | $810 | | $1,118 | | $741 | | $1,391 | | $27,959 | |
| Classified | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Total agricultural production, including commercial fishing | $19,970 | | $3,929 | | $810 | | $1,118 | | $741 | | $1,391 | | $27,959 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Consumer loans | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $873 | | $815 | | $653 | | $403 | | $291 | | $1,766 | | $4,801 | |
| Classified | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Total consumer loans | $873 | | $815 | | $653 | | $403 | | $291 | | $1,766 | | $4,801 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Other loans | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $2,028 | | $1,645 | | $430 | | $95 | | $— | | $208 | | $4,406 | |
| Classified | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | |
| Total other loans | $2,028 | | $1,645 | | $430 | | $95 | | $— | | $208 | | $4,406 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total loans | | | | | | | |
| Pass | $487,700 | | $261,687 | | $153,684 | | $95,818 | | $63,119 | | $296,998 | | $1,359,006 | |
| Classified | 19,270 | | 3,190 | | 4,036 | | 4,459 | | 10,912 | | 13,013 | | 54,880 | |
| Total loans | $506,970 | | $264,877 | | $157,720 | | $100,277 | | $74,031 | | $310,011 | | $1,413,886 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total pass loans | $487,700 | | $261,687 | | $153,684 | | $95,818 | | $63,119 | | $296,998 | | $1,359,006 | |
| Government guarantees | (145,713) | | (12,725) | | (14,429) | | (3,299) | | (306) | | (6,562) | | (183,034) | |
| Total pass loans, net of government guarantees | $341,987 | | $248,962 | | $139,255 | | $92,519 | | $62,813 | | $290,436 | | $1,175,972 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total classified loans | $19,270 | | $3,190 | | $4,036 | | $4,459 | | $10,912 | | $13,013 | | $54,880 | |
| Government guarantees | (7,201) | | (1,259) | | — | | — | | — | | (10,571) | | (19,031) | |
| Total classified loans, net government guarantees | $12,069 | | $1,931 | | $4,036 | | $4,459 | | $10,912 | | $2,442 | | $35,849 | |
The following table presents the Company's portfolio of risk-rated loans by grade as of December 31, 2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Pass | Classified | Total |
| (In Thousands) |
| December 31, 2020 | | | |
| Commercial | $758,362 | | $14,106 | | $772,468 | |
| Real estate construction 1-4 family | 37,093 | | 1,087 | | 38,180 | |
| Real estate construction other | 79,403 | | — | | 79,403 | |
| Real estate term owner occupied | 152,734 | | 9,990 | | 162,724 | |
| Real estate term non-owner occupied | 289,555 | | 17,692 | | 307,247 | |
| Real estate term other | 42,900 | | 3,330 | | 46,230 | |
| Consumer secured by 1st deed of trust | 15,404 | | 144 | | 15,548 | |
| Consumer other | 22,144 | | 106 | | 22,250 | |
| Portfolio loans | 1,397,595 | | 46,455 | | 1,444,050 | |
| Government guarantees | (334,639) | | (14,587) | | (349,226) | |
| Portfolio loans, net of government guarantees | $1,062,956 | | $31,868 | | $1,094,824 | |
Past Due Loans
The following tables present an aging of contractually past due loans as of the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 30-59 Days
Past Due | | 60-89 Days
Past Due | | Greater Than
90 Days Past Due | | Total Past
Due | | Current | | Total | | Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Still Accruing |
| December 31, 2021 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Commercial & industrial loans | $206 | | | $51 | | | $469 | | | $726 | | | $447,612 | | | $448,338 | | | $— | |
| Commercial real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Owner occupied properties | 12 | | | — | | | 1,176 | | | 1,188 | | | 299,012 | | | 300,200 | | | — | |
| Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 435,311 | | | 435,311 | | | — | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens | — | | | — | | | 90 | | | 90 | | | 32,452 | | | 32,542 | | | — | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens | — | | | — | | | 139 | | | 139 | | | 19,471 | | | 19,610 | | | — | |
| 1-4 family residential construction loans | — | | | — | | | 109 | | | 109 | | | 36,113 | | | 36,222 | | | — | |
| Other construction, land development and raw land loans | — | | | — | | | 1,636 | | | 1,636 | | | 86,458 | | | 88,094 | | | — | |
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 16,403 | | | 16,403 | | | — | |
| Agricultural production, including commercial fishing | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 27,959 | | | 27,959 | | | — | |
| Consumer loans | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,801 | | | 4,801 | | | — | |
| Other loans | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,406 | | | 4,406 | | | — | |
| Total | $218 | | | $51 | | | $3,619 | | | $3,888 | | | $1,409,998 | | | $1,413,886 | | | $— | |
| December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Commercial & industrial loans | $242 | | | $229 | | | $2,675 | | | $3,146 | | | $609,108 | | | $612,254 | | | $— | |
| Commercial real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Owner occupied properties | 2,203 | | | — | | | 2,459 | | | 4,662 | | | 228,658 | | | 233,320 | | | 449 | |
| Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 392,452 | | | 392,452 | | | — | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens | 446 | | | — | | | — | | | 446 | | | 32,969 | | | 33,415 | | | — | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens | 38 | | | — | | | 139 | | | 177 | | | 18,059 | | | 18,236 | | | — | |
| 1-4 family residential construction loans | — | | | — | | | 702 | | | 702 | | | 31,798 | | | 32,500 | | | — | |
| Other construction, land development and raw land loans | — | | | — | | | 1,545 | | | 1,545 | | | 81,918 | | | 83,463 | | | — | |
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 15,318 | | | 15,318 | | | — | |
| Agricultural production, including commercial fishing | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 12,968 | | | 12,968 | | | — | |
| Consumer loans | — | | | — | | | 272 | | | 272 | | | 5,462 | | | 5,734 | | | — | |
| Other loans | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 4,390 | | | 4,390 | | | — | |
| Total | $2,929 | | | $229 | | | $7,792 | | | $10,950 | | | $1,433,100 | | | $1,444,050 | | | $449 | |
Nonaccrual Loans
Nonaccrual loans net of government guarantees totaled $10.7 million and $9.6 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The following table presents loans on nonaccrual status and loans on nonaccrual status for which there was no related allowance for credit losses:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |
| (In Thousands) | Nonaccrual | Nonaccrual With No ACL | Nonaccrual | Nonaccrual With No ACL |
| | | | |
| Commercial & industrial loans | $4,350 | | $4,298 | | $3,848 | | $3,513 | |
| Commercial real estate: | | | | |
| Owner occupied properties | 3,506 | | 3,506 | | 4,620 | | 4,582 | |
| | | | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens | 1,778 | | 1,778 | | 160 | | 160 | |
1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens
and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens | 271 | | 215 | | 242 | | 221 | |
| 1-4 family residential construction loans | 109 | | 109 | | 702 | | 702 | |
| Other construction, land development and raw land loans | 1,636 | | 1,636 | | 1,545 | | 1,545 | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Consumer loans | — | | — | | 3 | | — | |
| | | | |
| Total nonaccrual loans | 11,650 | | 11,542 | | 11,120 | | 10,723 | |
| Government guarantees on nonaccrual loans | (978) | | (978) | | (1,483) | | (1,483) | |
| Net nonaccrual loans | $10,672 | | $10,564 | | $9,637 | | $9,240 | |
Interest income which would have been earned on nonaccrual loans for 2021, 2020, and 2019 amounted to $744,000, $856,000, and $1.3 million, respectively.
There was $10,000 interest on nonaccrual loans reversed through interest income in 2021, and there was $12,000 in interest on nonaccrual loans reversed through interest income in 2020. There was no interest earned on nonaccrual loans with a principal balance during 2021 or 2020. However, the Company recognized interest income of $1.6 million, $924,000, and $301,000 in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, related to interest collected on nonaccrual loans whose principal has been paid down to zero.
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Loans classified as TDRs totaled $10.6 million and $7.9 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. A TDR is a loan to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty that has been modified from its original terms and conditions in such a way that the Company is granting the borrower a concession that it would not grant otherwise.
The provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act included an election to not apply the guidance on accounting for TDRs to loan modifications, such as extensions or deferrals, related to COVID-19 made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (i) January 1, 2022 or (ii) 60 days after the end of the COVID-19 national emergency. The relief can only be applied to modifications for borrowers that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The Company has elected to adopt these provisions of the CARES Act. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has made the following types of loan modifications related to COVID-19, which are not classified as TDRs with principal balance outstanding of:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loan Modifications due to COVID-19 as of December 31, 2021 |
| (Dollars in thousands) | Interest Only | Full Payment Deferral | Total |
| Portfolio loans | $49,219 | | $31 | | $49,250 | |
| Number of modifications | 16 | | 1 | | 17 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Loan Modifications due to COVID-19 as of December 31, 2020 |
| (Dollars in thousands) | Interest Only | Full Payment Deferral | Total |
| Portfolio loans | $43,379 | | $22,165 | | $65,544 | |
| Number of modifications | 23 | | 11 | | 34 | |
The Company has granted a variety of concessions to borrowers in the form of loan modifications. The modifications granted can generally be described in the following categories:
Rate Modification: A modification in which the interest rate is changed.
Term Modification: A modification in which the maturity date, timing of payments, or frequency of payments is changed.
Payment Modification: A modification in which the dollar amount of the payment is changed, or in which a loan is converted to interest only payments for a period of time is included in this category.
Combination Modification: Any other type of modification, including the use of multiple categories above.
The following table presents the breakout between newly restructured loans that occurred during 2021 and restructured loans that occurred prior to 2021 that are still included in portfolio loans. As discussed above, the CARES Act provided banks an option to elect to not account for certain loan modifications related to COVID-19 as TDRs as long as the borrowers were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The below disclosed restructurings were not related to COVID-19 modifications:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Accrual Status | | Nonaccrual Status | | Total Modifications |
| (In Thousands) | | |
| New Troubled Debt Restructurings | | | | | |
| Commercial & industrial loans | $— | | | $3,118 | | | $3,118 | |
| Commercial real estate: | | | | | |
| Owner occupied properties | — | | | 350 | | | 350 | |
| | | | | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | |
| | | | | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens | — | | | 139 | | | 139 | |
| | | | | |
| Other construction, land development and raw land loans | — | | | 577 | | | 577 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Subtotal | — | | | 4,184 | | | 4,184 | |
| Existing Troubled Debt Restructurings | 3,291 | | | 3,163 | | | 6,454 | |
| Total | $3,291 | | | $7,347 | | | $10,638 | |
The following tables present newly restructured loans that occurred during 2021 and 2020, by concession (terms modified):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 |
| (In Thousands) | Number of Contracts | | Rate Modification | | Term Modification | | Payment Modification | | Combination Modification | | Total Modifications |
| Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment: | | |
| Commercial & industrial loans | 2 | | $— | | | $3,792 | | | $— | | | $— | | | $3,792 | |
| Commercial real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Owner occupied properties | 1 | | — | | | 360 | | | — | | | — | | | 360 | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens | 1 | | — | | | — | | | 139 | | | — | | | 139 | |
| Other construction, land development and raw land loans | 1 | | — | | | 577 | | | — | | | — | | | 577 | |
| Total | 5 | | $— | | | $4,729 | | | $139 | | | $— | | | $4,868 | |
| Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment: | | |
| Commercial & industrial loans | 1 | | $— | | | $3,118 | | | $— | | | $— | | | $3,118 | |
| Commercial real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Owner occupied properties | 1 | | — | | | 350 | | | — | | | — | | | 350 | |
| Residential real estate: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens | 1 | | — | | | — | | | 139 | | | — | | | 139 | |
| Other construction, land development and raw land loans | 1 | | — | | | 577 | | | — | | | — | | | 577 | |
| Total | 4 | | $— | | | $4,045 | | | $139 | | | $— | | | $4,184 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 |
| (In Thousands) | Number of Contracts | | Rate Modification | | Term Modification | | Payment Modification | | Combination Modification | | Total Modifications |
| Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment: | | |
| Commercial & industrial loans | 2 | | $— | | | $3,249 | | | $164 | | | $— | | | $3,413 | |
| Total | 2 | | $— | | | $3,249 | | | $164 | | | $— | | | $3,413 | |
| Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment: | | |
| Commercial & industrial loans | 2 | | $— | | | $1,590 | | | $161 | | | $— | | | $1,751 | |
| Total | 2 | | $— | | | $1,590 | | | $161 | | | $— | | | $1,751 | |
The Company had no commitments to extend additional credit to borrowers owing receivables whose terms have been modified in TDRs at December 31, 2021. There were zero charge-offs in 2021 and 2020 on loans that were later classified as a TDR.
There were no loans that were restructured during 2021, 2020, or 2019 that also subsequently defaulted within the first twelve months of restructure in those same periods.
Loans to Related Parties
Certain directors, and companies of which directors are principal owners, have loans with the Company. Such transactions are made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral required, as those prevailing for similar transactions of unrelated parties. An analysis of the loan transactions for the years indicated follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Balance, beginning of the year | $217 | | | $309 | | | $— | |
| Loans made | — | | | — | | | 309 | |
| Repayments | 26 | | | 92 | | | — | |
| Balance, end of year | $191 | | | $217 | | | $309 | |
The Company had $115,000 of unfunded loan commitments to these directors or their related interests on December 31, 2021 and $15,000 of unfunded loan commitments on December 31, 2020.
Pledged Loans
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no loans pledged as collateral to secure public deposits.
NOTE 6 - Purchased Receivables
Purchased receivables are carried at their principal amount outstanding, net of an ACL, and have a maturity of less than one year. There are no purchased receivables past due at December 31, 2021 or 2020, and there were no restructured purchased receivables in 2021, 2020, or 2019.
Income on purchased receivables is accrued and recognized on the balance outstanding using an effective interest method except when management believes doubt exists as to the collectability of the income or principal. There were no nonperforming purchased receivables as of December 31, 2021 or 2020.
The following table summarizes the components of net purchased receivables at December 31, for the years indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Purchased receivables | $6,987 | | | $13,995 | |
| Allowance for credit losses - purchased receivables | — | | | (73) | |
| Total | $6,987 | | | $13,922 | |
The following table sets forth information regarding changes in the ACL on purchased receivables for the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| Balance at beginning of year | $73 | | $94 | | $190 | |
| Impact of adopting ASC 326 | (73) | | — | | — | |
| Charge-offs | — | | — | | — | |
| Recoveries | — | | — | | — | |
| Charge-offs net of recoveries | — | | — | | — | |
| Benefit for purchased receivables | — | | (21) | | (96) | |
| Balance at end of year | $— | | $73 | | $94 | |
NOTE 7 - Servicing Rights
Mortgage servicing rights
The following table details the activity in the Company's MSR for the year indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| | | |
| Balance, beginning of period | $11,218 | | $11,920 | | $10,821 | |
| | | |
| Additions for new MSR capitalized | 6,088 | | 4,824 | | 3,707 | |
| Changes in fair value: | | | |
Due to changes in model inputs of assumptions (1) | (1,181) | | (2,701) | | (1,313) | |
Other (2) | (2,401) | | (2,825) | | (1,295) | |
| Carrying value, December 31 | $13,724 | | $11,218 | | $11,920 | |
(1) Principally reflects changes in discount rates and prepayment speed assumptions, which are primarily affected by changes in interest rates.
(2) Represents changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows over time.
The following table details information related to our serviced mortgage loan portfolio as of the dates indicated:
| | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |
| | |
| Balance of mortgage loans serviced for others | $772,764 | | $683,117 | |
| MSR as a percentage of serviced loans | 1.78 | % | 1.64 | % |
The Company recognized servicing fees of $2.9 million, $2.7 million, and $2.4 million during 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, which includes contractually specified servicing fees and ancillary fees which are included in "Mortgage banking income" as a component of other noninterest income in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table outlines the key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of mortgage servicing rights as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:
| | | | | | | | |
| 2021 | 2020 |
| | |
| Average constant prepayment rate | 11.80 | % | 13.05 | % |
| Average discount rate | 8.00 | % | 7.75 | % |
Key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current fair value for mortgage servicing rights to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | | December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |
| Aggregate portfolio principal balance | | $772,764 | | $683,117 | |
| Weighted average rate of note | | 3.31 | % | 3.62 | % |
| | | |
| December 31, 2021 | Base | 1.0% Adverse Rate Change | 2.0% Adverse Rate Change |
| Conditional prepayment rate | 11.80 | % | 23.59 | % | 34.57 | % |
| Discount rate | 8.00 | % | 7.00 | % | 6.00 | % |
| Fair value MSR | $13,724 | | $9,612 | | $7,256 | |
| Percentage of MSR | 1.78 | % | 1.24 | % | 0.94 | % |
| | | |
| December 31, 2020 | | | |
| Conditional prepayment rate | 13.05 | % | 26.11 | % | 38.97 | % |
| Discount rate | 7.75 | % | 6.75 | % | 5.75 | % |
| Fair value MSR | $11,218 | | $7,455 | | $5,404 | |
| Percentage of MSR | 1.64 | % | 1.09 | % | 0.79 | % |
The above tables show the sensitivity to market rate changes for the par rate coupon for a conventional one-to-four family Alaska Housing Finance Corporation/FNMA/FHLMC serviced home loan. The above tables reference a 100 basis point and 200 basis point decrease in discount rates.
These sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution as the tables above demonstrate the Company’s methodology for estimating the fair value of MSR is highly sensitive to changes in key assumptions. For example, actual prepayment experience may differ and any difference may have a material effect on MSR fair value. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in the assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in these tables, the effects of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the MSR is calculated without changing any other assumption; in reality, changes in one factor may be associated with changes in another (for example, decreases in market interest rates may provide an incentive to refinance; however, this may also indicate a slowing economy and an increase in the unemployment rate, which reduces the number of borrowers who qualify for refinancing), which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Thus, any measurement of MSR fair value is limited by the conditions existing and assumptions made at a particular point in time. Those assumptions may not be appropriate if they are applied to a different point in time.
Commercial servicing rights
Commercial servicing right assets ("CSRs") have a carrying value of $1.1 million and $1.3 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and total commercial loans serviced for others were $259.8 million and $274.6 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of CSRs as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 include a conditional prepayment rate of 16.08% and 9.66% and a discount rate of 9.94% and 9.46%, respectively.
NOTE 8 - Other Real Estate Owned
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company held $5.6 million and $7.3 million, respectively, as OREO. The following table details net operating (income) expense related to OREO for the years indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years Ended December 31, |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| OREO (income) expense, net rental income and gains on sale: | | | |
| OREO operating expense | $777 | | $658 | | $693 | |
| | | |
| Rental income on OREO | (524) | | (509) | | (506) | |
| Gains on sale of OREO | (685) | | (391) | | (380) | |
| Total | ($432) | | ($242) | | ($193) | |
NOTE 9 - Premises and Equipment
The following summarizes the components of premises and equipment at December 31 for the years indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Useful Life | | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Land | | | $5,137 | | | $5,137 | |
| Furniture and equipment | 3-7 years | | 14,287 | | | 13,157 | |
| Tenant improvements | 2-15 years | | 10,394 | | | 9,182 | |
| Buildings | 39 years | | 37,283 | | | 37,618 | |
| Total Premises and Equipment | | | 67,101 | | | 65,094 | |
| Accumulated depreciation and amortization | | | (29,937) | | | (26,992) | |
| Total Premises and Equipment, Net | | | $37,164 | | | $38,102 | |
Depreciation expense and amortization of leasehold improvements was $3.3 million, $3.1 million, and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
NOTE 10 – Leases
The company's lease commitments consist primarily of agreements to lease land and office facilities that it occupies to operate several of its retail branch locations that are classified as operating leases and are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liabilities. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has operating lease ROU assets of $11.0 million and operating lease liabilities of $11.0 million. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has operating lease ROU assets of $12.4 million and operating lease liabilities of $12.4 million. The Company does not have any agreements that are classified as finance leases.
The following table presents additional information about the Company's operating leases:
| | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | 2020 |
| Lease Cost | | |
Operating lease cost(1) | $2,773 | | $2,819 | |
Short term lease cost(1) | 27 | | 35 | |
| Total lease cost | $2,800 | | $2,854 | |
| | |
| Other information | | |
| Operating leases - operating cash flows | $2,614 | | $2,681 | |
| Weighted average lease term - operating leases, in years | 10.55 | 10.72 |
| Weighted average discount rate - operating leases | 3.21 | % | 3.29 | % |
(1)Expenses are classified within occupancy expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. | | |
The table below reconciles the remaining undiscounted cash flows for the next five years for each twelve-month period presented and the total of the subsequent remaining years to the operating lease liabilities recorded on the balance sheet:
| | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Operating Leases |
| 2022 | $2,502 | |
| 2023 | 2,109 | |
| 2024 | 1,961 | |
| 2025 | 1,858 | |
| 2026 | 721 | |
| Thereafter | 4,265 | |
| Total minimum lease payments | $13,416 | |
| Less: amount of lease payment representing interest | (2,451) | |
| Present value of future minimum lease payments | $10,965 | |
NOTE 11 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets
A summary of goodwill and intangible assets at December 31, 2021 and 2020, is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Intangible assets: | | | |
| Goodwill | $15,017 | | | $15,017 | |
| Core deposit intangible | 42 | | | 79 | |
| Trade name intangible | 950 | | | 950 | |
| | | |
| Total | $16,009 | | | $16,046 | |
The Company performed goodwill impairment testing at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 in accordance with the policy described in Note 1 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II. Item 8 of this report.
At December 31, 2021, the Company performed its annual impairment test using a qualitative assessment. Significant positive inputs to the qualitative assessment included the Company’s increasing net income as compared to historical trends; the Company's increasing market share for deposits in our markets; results of regulatory examinations; peer comparisons of the Company's net interest margin; trends in the Company’s cash flows; improvements in the Alaskan economy in 2021; increases in the volume of mortgage originations in Alaska; increases in the Company's market share of mortgage originations; and increases in the Company's stock price. Significant negative inputs to the qualitative assessment included the the muted pace of growth in the Alaskan economy. We believe that the positive inputs to the qualitative assessment noted above outweigh the negative inputs, and we therefore concluded that it is more likely than not that no impairment existed at that time.
The Company recorded amortization expense of its intangible assets of $37,000, $48,000, and $60,000 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Accumulated amortization for intangible assets was $6.0 million at both December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The future amortization expense required on these assets is as follows:
| | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | |
| 2022 | $25 | |
| 2023 | 14 | |
| 2024 | 3 | |
| 2025 | — | |
| 2026 | — | |
| Thereafter | — | |
| Total | $42 | |
NOTE 12 - Other Assets
A summary of other assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Other assets: | | | |
| Investment in Low Income Housing Partnerships | $20,640 | | | $24,142 | |
| Accrued interest receivable | 6,846 | | | 7,979 | |
| Interest rate swaps not designated as hedging instruments, at fair value | 6,030 | | | 7,387 | |
| Bank owned life insurance, net | 4,293 | | | 6,520 | |
| Taxes receivable | 1,994 | | | 4,083 | |
| Interest rate lock commitments | 1,387 | | | 4,034 | |
| Software | 2,855 | | | 3,905 | |
| Equity method investments | 2,219 | | | 2,462 | |
| Prepaid expenses | 2,210 | | | 2,404 | |
| Deferred taxes, net | 3,278 | | | 1,980 | |
| Commercial servicing rights, at fair value | 1,084 | | | 1,310 | |
| Repossessed assets | — | | | 231 | |
| | | |
| Other assets | 1,525 | | | 2,051 | |
| Total | $54,361 | | | $68,488 | |
Low Income Housing Partnerships: The following table shows the Company's commitments to invest in various low income housing tax credit partnerships. The Company earns a return on its investments in the form of tax credits and deductions that flow through to it as a limited partner in these partnerships. The Company recognized amortization expense of $3.5 million, $3.5 million, and $2.7 million in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The Company expects to fund its remaining $4.4 million in commitments on these investments through 2030.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Date of original commitment | Years over which tax benefits are earned | Original commitment amount | Less: life to date contributions | Remaining commitment amount |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| USA 57 | December 2006 | 15 | 3,000 | | (3,000) | | — | |
| WNC | December 2012 | 16 | 2,500 | | (2,500) | | — | |
| R4 - Coronado | March 2013 | 17 | 10,729 | | (10,629) | | 100 | |
| R4 - MVV | May 2014 | 17 | 8,528 | | (8,348) | | 180 | |
| R4 - PJ33 | June 2016 | 17 | 6,835 | | (6,529) | | 306 | |
| R4 - Coronado II | July 2019 | 17 | 7,282 | | (7,022) | | 260 | |
| R4 - Duke Apartments | November 2019 | 17 | 3,985 | | (384) | | 3,601 | |
| Total | | | $42,859 | | ($38,412) | | $4,447 | |
NOTE 13 - Deposits
Deposits: At December 31, 2021, the scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit are as follows:
| | | | | |
| (In Thousands) |
| 2022 | $118,569 | |
| 2023 | 52,643 | |
| 2024 | 4,572 | |
| 2025 | 143 | |
| 2026 | 280 | |
| Thereafter | 1,757 | |
| Total | $177,964 | |
The Company offers IntraFi® Network DepositsSM as a member of IntraFi® NetworkSM (Network). When a Network member places a deposit using IntraFi Network Deposits, that certificate of deposit or deposit account is divided into amounts under the standard FDIC insurance maximum ($250,000) and is allocated among member banks, making the large deposit eligible for FDIC insurance. In addition to customer deposit placement, the IntraFi Network Deposits also allows placement of the Bank's own investment dollars. The Company had $24.0 million in IntraFi Network Deposits certificates of deposits and $223.7 million in IntraFi Network Deposits in deposit accounts at December 31, 2021 and $9.4 million in IntraFi Network Deposits certificates of deposits and $86.5 million in IntraFi Network Deposits in deposit accounts at December 31, 2020.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company held $3.6 million and $4.6 million, respectively, in deposits for related parties, including directors, executive officers, and their affiliates.
NOTE 14 - Borrowings
The Company has a maximum line of credit with the FHLB approximating 45% of eligible assets. FHLB advances are subject to collateral criteria that require the Company to pledge assets under a blanket pledge arrangement as collateral for its borrowings from the FHLB. Based on assets currently pledged and advances currently outstanding at December 31, 2021, the Company's available borrowing line is $271.8 million, representing approximately 10% of total assets. Additional advances of up to 45% of eligible assets, or $1.22 billion, are dependent on the availability of acceptable collateral such as marketable securities or real estate loans, although all FHLB advances are secured by a blanket pledge of the Company’s assets. The Company has outstanding FHLB advances of $14.5 million and $14.8 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which were originated to match fund low income housing projects that qualify for long-term fixed interest rates. These advances have original terms of either 18 or 20 years with 30 year amortization periods and fixed interest rates ranging from 1.23% to 3.25%.
The Federal Reserve Bank is holding $50.7 million of loans as collateral to secure available borrowing lines through the discount window of $32.2 million at December 31, 2021. There were no discount window advances outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company paid less than $1,000 in interest in 2021 and 2020 on this agreement. The Company utilized the Federal Reserve Bank's PPPLF to fund SBA PPP loans during the second quarter of 2020, but has repaid those funds in full as of June 30, 2020. This advance had an interest rate of 0.35%.
The Company is subject to provisions under Alaska state law, which generally limit the amount of the Bank's outstanding debt to 35% of total assets or $948.0 million at December 31, 2021 and $736.0 million at December 31, 2020.
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase were zero for both December 31, 2021 and 2020.
The future principal payments that are required on the Company’s borrowings as of December 31, 2021, are as follows:
| | | | | |
| (In Thousands) |
| 2021 | $412 | |
| 2022 | 421 | |
| 2023 | 431 | |
| 2024 | 441 | |
| 2025 | 453 | |
| Thereafter | 12,350 | |
| Total | $14,508 | |
The Company recognized interest expense of $320,000, $387,000, and $291,000 on borrowings and securities sold under repurchase agreements in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The average interest rates paid on long-term debt in the same periods was 2.90%, 3.12%, and 3.39%, respectively.
NOTE 15 - Junior Subordinated Debentures
In December of 2005, the Company formed a wholly-owned Connecticut statutory business trust subsidiary, Northrim Statutory Trust 2 (the “Trust 2”), which issued $10 million of guaranteed undivided beneficial interests in the Company’s Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (“Trust Preferred Securities 2”). These debentures qualify as Tier 1 capital under Federal Reserve Board guidelines. All of the common securities of Trust 2 are owned by the Company. The proceeds from the issuance of the common securities and the Trust Preferred Securities 2 were used by Trust 2 to purchase $10.3 million of junior subordinated debentures of the Company. Trust 2 is not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements in accordance with GAAP; therefore, the Company has recorded its investment in Trust 2 as an other asset and the subordinated debentures as a liability. The debentures, which represent the sole asset of Trust 2, accrue and pay distributions quarterly at a variable rate of 90-day LIBOR plus 1.37% per annum, adjusted quarterly, of the stated liquidation value of $1,000 per capital security. The interest rate on these debentures was 1.57% at December 31, 2021. The interest cost to the Company on these debentures was $160,000, $219,000, and $398,000 in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The Company has entered into contractual arrangements which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantee payment of: (i) accrued and unpaid distributions required to be paid on the Trust Preferred Securities 2; (ii) the redemption price with respect to any Trust Preferred Securities 2 called for redemption by Trust 2; and (iii) payments due upon a voluntary or involuntary dissolution, winding up or liquidation of Trust 2. The Trust Preferred Securities 2 are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity of the debentures on March 15, 2036, or upon earlier redemption as provided in the indenture. The Company has the right to redeem the debentures purchased by Trust 2 in whole or in part, on or after March 15, 2011. As specified in the indenture, if the debentures are redeemed prior to maturity, the redemption price will be the principal amount and any accrued but unpaid interest.
NOTE 16 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table shows changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale | | Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives and hedging | | Total |
| | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | ($1,127) | | | $607 | | | ($520) | |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax expense of $(757) | 2,092 | | | (1,141) | | | 951 | |
| | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | $965 | | | ($534) | | | $431 | |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax benefit of $1,600 | 294 | | | (707) | | | (413) | |
| | | | | |
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | $1,259 | | | ($1,241) | | | $18 | |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax expense of $1,360 | (3,982) | | | 558 | | | (3,424) | |
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | ($2,723) | | | ($683) | | | ($3,406) | |
NOTE 17 – Revenue
The Company records revenue when control of the promised products or services is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those products or services. All of the Company's revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of Topic 606 is recognized in non-interest income.
The following table presents the Company's sources other operating income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | December 31, |
| Other operating income | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
| In-scope of Topic 606: | | | |
| | Bankcard fees | $3,389 | | $2,837 | | $2,976 | |
| | Service charges on deposit accounts | 1,297 | | 1,102 | | 1,557 | |
| | Merchant fees | 560 | | 416 | | 467 | |
| | Commission income on the sale of mutual funds and annuity products | 417 | | 369 | | 385 | |
| | Other | 826 | | 743 | | 812 | |
| Other operating income (in-scope of Topic 606) | $6,489 | | $5,467 | | $6,197 | |
| Other operating income (out-of-scope of Topic 606) | 45,774 | | 57,861 | | 31,149 | |
| Total other operating income | $52,263 | | $63,328 | | $37,346 | |
Bankcard fees
Bankcard fees are primarily comprised of debit card income and ATM fees. Debit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa or MasterCard. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. The Company’s performance obligation for bankcard fees are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payments are typically received immediately or in the following month.
Service charges on deposit accounts
Service charges on deposit accounts consist of general service fees for monthly account maintenance, activity- or transaction-based fees, and account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business and public checking accounts), and other deposit account related fees and consist of transaction-based revenue, time-based revenue (service period), item-based revenue or some other individual attribute-based revenue. Revenue is recognized when our performance obligation is completed which is generally monthly for account maintenance services or when a transaction has been completed. Payments for service charges on deposit accounts are primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.
Other
Other operating income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as merchant services income, commissions from sales of mutual funds and other investments, safety deposit box rental fees, bank check and other check fees, unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities, and other miscellaneous revenue streams. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions, in addition to account management fees. The Company’s performance obligation for merchant services income is largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the transactions have been completed. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month. The Company earns commissions from the sale of mutual funds as periodic service fees (i.e., trailers) from Elliott Cove Capital Management typically based on a percentage of net asset value. Trailer revenue is recorded over time, quarterly, as net asset value is determined. The Company also earns commission income from the sale of annuity products. The Company acts as an intermediary between the Company's customer and Elliott Cove Investment Advisors for these transactions, and commissions from annuity product sales are recorded when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, which is generally upon the issuance of the annuity policy. The Company does not earn trailer fees on annuity sales. Payment for commissions from sales of mutual funds and other investments and annuity sales is typically received in the following quarter. Other service charges include revenue from safety deposit box rental fees, processing wire transfers, bank check and other check fees, and other services. The Company’s performance obligations for these other revenue streams are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payments are typically received immediately or in the following month.
Gains on the sale of OREO are also within the scope of Topic 606 and are recorded within other operating expense on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Gains on the sale of OREO properties were $685,000, $391,000, and $380,000 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
NOTE 18 - Employee Benefit Plans
Employees of the Company are eligible to participate in the Company's 401(k) plan immediately upon date of hire. Employees may elect to have a portion of their salary contributed to the 401(k) plan in accordance with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. The Company provides for a mandatory $1.00 match for each $1.00 contributed by employees of the Bank up to 5.5% of the employee’s eligible salary. The Company provides for a mandatory $1.00 match for each $1.00 contributed by employees of RML up to 2% of the employee’s eligible salary. The Bank or RML may increase the matching contribution at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The Company expensed $1.8 million, $1.7 million, and $1.4 million, in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, for 401(k) contributions and included this expense in "Salaries and other personal expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
On July 1, 1994, the Bank implemented a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan for executive officers of the Bank whose retirement benefits under the 401(k) plan have been limited under provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Contributions to this plan totaled $281,000, $290,000, and $262,000, in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. These expenses are included in "Salaries and other personnel expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the balance of the accrued liability for this plan was included in "Other liabilities" and totaled $2.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
RML has established a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan ("SERP"), under which RML has agreed to make payment to certain key executives, based on contributions made by RML to the plan. Contributions and earnings made to the participant accounts to the SERP are vested over ten years. The Company recorded expenses of $959,000, $997,000, and $580,000 in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. RML's recorded obligation under the SERP amounted to $3.0 million and $2.6 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and was included in "Other liabilities".
In February of 2002, Northrim Bank implemented a non-qualified deferred compensation plan in which certain of the executive officers participate. Northrim Bank's net liability under this plan is dependent upon market gains and losses on assets held in the plan. Northrim Bank recognized an increase in its liability of $173,000 in 2021, an increase in its liability of $78,000 in 2020, and an increase in its liability of $36,000 in 2019. These changes are included in "Salaries and other personnel expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the balance of the accrued liability for this plan was included in "Other liabilities" and totaled $1.8 million and $1.6 million, respectively.
In November of 2011, Northrim Bank implemented a Profit Sharing Plan. All employees of the Bank employed on the last day of the calendar year are eligible and will participate in the Profit Sharing Plan. The aggregate amount to be paid to employees under the Profit Sharing Plan is determined using Company-wide performance goals that are established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. If the performance goals are met for the year, profit sharing for the period is calculated based on a formula that is also approved by the Compensation Committee each year. The Compensation Committee has complete discretion to designate an employee as ineligible for profit sharing, or to adjust the amount of profit share payments by individual employee or in aggregate. The Compensation Committee approved management’s recommendation based upon the calculated payout under the Profit Sharing Plan’s methodology resulting in aggregate payouts of $4.2 million, $3.7 million, and $2.9 million for 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
NOTE 19 - Commitments and Contingencies
Employee benefit plans: The Company is self-insured for medical, dental, and vision plan benefits provided to employees. The Company has obtained stop-loss insurance to limit total medical claims in any one year to $175,000 per covered individual. The Company has established a liability for outstanding incurred but unreported claims. While management uses what it believes are pertinent factors in estimating the liability, it is subject to change due to claim experience, type of claims, and rising medical costs.
Legal proceedings: The Company from time to time may be involved with disputes, claims, and litigation related to the conduct of its banking business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these matters will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk: In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into various types of transactions that involve financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit and are not reflected in the accompanying balance sheets. These transactions may involve to varying degrees credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount, if any, recognized in the balance sheets. Certain commitments are collateralized. We apply the same credit standards to these commitments as in all of our lending activities and include these commitments in our lending risk evaluations. Management does not anticipate any loss as a result of these commitments.
The Company’s off-balance sheet credit risk exposure is the contractual amount of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. The Company applies the same credit standards to these contracts as it uses in its lending process.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 |
| Off-balance sheet commitments: | | | |
| Commitments to extend credit | $361,915 | | | $375,065 | |
| Commitments to originate loans held for sale | $81,617 | | | $150,276 | |
| Standby letters of credit | $2,364 | | | $2,333 | |
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers. These commitments have specified interest rates and generally have fixed expiration dates but may be terminated by the Company if certain conditions of the contract are violated. Our exposure to credit loss under commitments to extend credit is represented by the amount of these commitments. Although currently subject to draw down, many of the commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Collateral held relating to these commitments varies, but generally includes real estate, inventory, accounts receivable, and equipment.
Mortgage loans sold to investors may be sold with servicing rights released, for which the Company makes only standard legal representations and warranties as to meeting certain underwriting and collateral documentation standards. In the past two years, the Company has had to repurchase four loans due to deficiencies in underwriting or loan documentation and
has not realized significant losses related to these loans. Management believes that any liabilities that may result from such recourse provisions are not significant.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Credit risk arises in these transactions from the possibility that a customer may not be able to repay the Company upon default of performance. Collateral held for standby letters of credit is based on an individual evaluation of each customer’s creditworthiness.
Total unfunded commitments were $445.9 million and $527.7 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company does not expect that all of these commitments are likely to be fully drawn upon at any one time. The Company has an ACL related to these commitments and letters of credit that is recorded in "Other liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The ACL for unfunded commitments was $1.1 million and $187,000 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Capital Expenditures and Commitments: At December 31, 2021, the Company has no capital commitments. There were no other material changes outside of the ordinary course of business to any of our material contractual obligations during 2021.
NOTE 20 - Derivatives
Interest rate swaps related to community banking activities
The Company enters into commercial loans interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers which are offset with a corresponding swap agreement with a third party financial institution (“counterparty”). The Company has agreements with its counterparties that contain provisions that provide that if the Company fails to maintain its status as a "well-capitalized" institution, then the counterparty could terminate the derivative positions and the Company would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements. These agreements also require that the Company and the counterparty collateralize any fair value shortfalls that exceed $250,000 with eligible collateral, which includes cash and securities backed with the full faith and credit of the federal government. Similarly, the Company could be required to settle its obligations under the agreement if specific regulatory events occur, such as if the Company were issued a prompt corrective action directive or a cease and desist order, or if certain regulatory ratios fall below specified levels. The Company pledged $8.2 million and $10.7 million in available for sale securities to collateralize fair value shortfalls on interest rate swap agreements as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company had interest rate swaps related to commercial loans with an aggregate notional amount of $212.6 million and $196.0 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the notional amount of interest rate swaps is made up of 19 variable to fixed rate swaps to commercial loan customers totaling $106.3 million, and 19 fixed to variable rate swap with a counterparty totaling $106.3 million. Changes in fair value from these 38 interest rate swaps offset each other in 2021 and 2020. The Company recognized $452,000, $949,000, and $964,000 in fee income related to interest rate swaps in 2021 and 2020, and 2019, respectively. Interest rate swap income is recorded in other operating income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. None of these interest rate swaps are designated as hedging instruments.
The Company has an interest rate swap to hedge the variability in cash flows arising out of its junior subordinated debentures, which is floating rate debt, by swapping the cash flows with an interest rate swap which receives floating and pays fixed. The Company has designated this interest rate swap as a hedging instrument. The interest rate swap effectively fixes the Company's interest payments on the $10.0 million of junior subordinated debentures held under Trust 2 at 3.72% through its maturity date. The floating rate that the dealer pays is equal to the three month LIBOR plus 1.37%, which reprices quarterly on the payment date. This rate was 1.57% as of December 31, 2021. The Company pledged $2.9 million and $2.9 million in cash to collateralize initial margin and fair value exposure of our counterparty on this interest rate swap as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Changes in the fair value of this interest rate swap are reported in other comprehensive income. The unrealized loss on this interest rate swap was $1.0 million and $1.7 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Interest rate swaps related to home mortgage lending activities
The Company also uses derivatives to hedge the risk of changes in the fair values of interest rate lock commitments. The Company enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans at specific rates; the value of these commitments are detailed in the table below as "interest rate lock commitments". The Company also hedges the interest rate risk associated with its residential mortgage loan commitments, which are referred to as "retail interest rate contracts" in the table below. Market risk with respect to commitments to originate loans arises from changes in the value of contractual positions due to
changes in interest rates. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, RML had commitments to originate mortgage loans held for sale totaling $81.6 million and $150.3 million, respectively. Changes in the value of RML's interest rate derivatives are recorded in mortgage banking income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. None of these home mortgage lending derivatives are designated as hedging instruments.
The following table presents the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments as of the dates noted:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Asset Derivatives |
| | | December 31, 2021 | | | December 31, 2020 |
| Balance Sheet Location | | Fair Value | | | Fair Value |
| | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | Other assets | | $6,030 | | | | $7,387 | |
| Interest rate lock commitments | Other assets | | 1,387 | | | | 4,034 | |
| Retail interest rate contracts | Other assets | | 166 | | | | — | |
| Total | | | $7,583 | | | | $11,421 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Liability Derivatives |
| | | December 31, 2021 | | | December 31, 2020 |
| Balance Sheet Location | | Fair Value | | | Fair Value |
| | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | Other liabilities | | $6,030 | | | | $7,387 | |
| Retail interest rate contracts | Other liabilities | | — | | | | 880 | |
| Total | | | $6,030 | | | | $8,267 | |
The following table presents the net gains (losses) of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments as of the dates noted:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Income Statement Location | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| | | | | | |
| Retail interest rate contracts | Mortgage banking income | | $1,930 | | | | ($7,980) | |
| Interest rate lock commitments | Mortgage banking income | | (2,529) | | | | 3,062 | |
| Total | | | ($599) | | | | ($4,918) | |
Our derivative transactions with counterparties under International Swaps and Derivative Association master agreements that include “right of set-off” provisions. “Right of set-off” provisions are legally enforceable rights to offset recognized amounts and there may be an intention to settle such amounts on a net basis. We do not offset such financial instruments for financial reporting purposes.
The following table summarizes the derivatives that have a right of offset as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | | | | Gross amounts not offset in the Statement of Financial Position | |
| (In Thousands) | Gross amounts of recognized assets and liabilities | Gross amounts offset in the Statement of Financial Position | Net amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the Statement of Financial Position | Financial Instruments | Collateral Posted | Net Amount |
| Asset Derivatives | | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | $6,030 | $— | | $6,030 | $— | | $— | | $6,030 |
| Retail interest rate contracts | 166 | — | | 166 | — | | — | | 166 |
| | | | | | |
| Liability Derivatives | | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | $6,030 | $— | | $6,030 | $— | | $6,030 | $— | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 | | | | Gross amounts not offset in the Statement of Financial Position | |
| (In Thousands) | Gross amounts of recognized assets and liabilities | Gross amounts offset in the Statement of Financial Position | Net amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the Statement of Financial Position | Financial Instruments | Collateral Posted | Net Amount |
| Asset Derivatives | | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | $7,387 | $— | | $7,387 | $— | | $— | | $7,387 |
| | | | | | |
| Liability Derivatives | | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | $7,387 | $— | | $7,387 | $— | | $7,387 | $— | |
| Retail interest rate contracts | 880 | | — | | 880 | | — | | — | | 880 | |
NOTE 21 - Common Stock
Quarterly cash dividends were paid aggregating to $9.4 million, $8.8 million, and $8.5 million, or $1.50 per share, $1.38 per share, and $1.26 per share, in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. On February 24, 2022, the Board of Directors declared a $0.41 per share cash dividend payable on March 18, 2022, to shareholders of record on March 10, 2022. Federal and State regulations place certain limitations on the payment of dividends by the Company.
In January 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan whereby it would periodically repurchase for cash up to approximately 5% of its shares of common stock in the open market. At December, 31, 2021, there were 33,724 shares available under the stock repurchase program. However, on January 28, 2022 the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to an additional 300,000 shares of common stock. The Company intends to continue to repurchase its stock from time to time depending upon market conditions. The Company can make no assurances that it will continue this program or that it will authorize additional shares for repurchase. During 2021, 2020 and 2019, 279,276, 327,000 and 347,676 shares of common stock were repurchased, respectively.
NOTE 22 - Stock-Based Compensation
The Company adopted the 2020 Stock Option Plan (“2020 Plan”) following shareholder approval of the 2020 Plan at the 2020 Annual Meeting. Subsequent to the adoption of the 2020 Plan, no additional grants may be issued under the prior plans. The 2020 Plan provides for grants of up to 325,000 shares, which includes any shares subject to stock awards under the previous stock option plans.
Stock Options: Under the 2020 Plan and previous plans, certain key employees have been granted the option to purchase set amounts of common stock at the market price on the day the option was granted. Optionees, at their own discretion, may pay cash to cover the cost of exercise, may cover the cost of exercise through the exchange at the then fair value of already owned shares of the Company’s stock, or they may cover the cost of exercise through net settlement of a portion of the stock options exercised in satisfaction of the exercise price and applicable tax withholding requirements. The two latter options are referred to as cashless stock option exercises. Options are granted for a 10-year period and vest on a pro-rata basis over the initial three years from the grant date.
The Company measures the fair value of each stock option at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using assumptions noted in the following table. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercise and stock option forfeiture rates within the valuation model. The expected term of options granted is determined based on historical experience with similar options and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected dividend yield is based on dividend trends and the market value of the Company’s common stock at the time of grant. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
The following assumptions were used to determine the fair value of stock options as of the grant date to determine compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stock Options: | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Grant date fair value | $10.27 | | | $6.55 | | | $5.34 | |
| Expected life of options | 8 years | | 8 years | | 8 years |
| Risk-free interest rate | 1.33 | % | | 0.79 | % | | 1.74 | % |
| Dividend yield rate | 3.86 | % | | 4.55 | % | | 4.11 | % |
| Price volatility | 36.46 | % | | 35.44 | % | | 24.34 | % |
The following table summarizes stock option activity during 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of Shares | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, in Years |
| | | |
| | | |
| Outstanding at January 1, 2021 | 178,793 | | | $30.64 | | | |
| Granted | 12,893 | | | 42.02 | | | |
| Forfeited | — | | | — | | | |
| Exercised | (54,867) | | | 26.10 | | | |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 136,819 | | | $33.53 | | | 6.61 |
At December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, there were 107,553, 136,038, and 112,319 options exercisable, with weighted average exercise prices of $32.63, $29.42, and $28.17, respectively.
The aggregate intrinsic value of the stock options is the total pretax intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on December 31, 2021 and the exercise price, times the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders had all the option holders exercised their options on December 31, 2021. This amount changes based on the fair value of the Company’s stock. The total intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $1.2 million, $682,000, and $1.1 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $969,000, zero, and $203,000, respectively.
As noted above, the Company allows stock options to be exercised through cash or cashless transactions. In 2021, 2020, and 2019 the Company received cash of zero, zero, and zero, respectively, for cash stock option exercises. In 2021, 2020, and 2019 the Company net settled $1.4 million, zero, and $282,000 respectively, for cashless stock option exercises. The Company withheld $1.7 million, zero, and $317,000 to pay for stock option exercises or income taxes that resulted from the exercise of stock options in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $173,000, $148,000, and $143,000, respectively, in stock option compensation expense as a component of "Salaries and other personnel expense". As of
December 31, 2021, there was approximately $218,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested options, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average vesting period of 2.3 years.
Restricted Stock Units: Under the 2020 Plan and previous plans, the Company grants restricted stock units to certain key employees periodically. Recipients of restricted stock units do not pay any cash consideration to the Company for the shares and receive all dividends with respect to such shares when the shares vest. Restricted stock units cliff vest at the end of a three-year time period.
The following table summarizes restricted stock unit activity during 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, in Years |
| | | |
| | | |
| Outstanding at January 1, 2021 | 72,817 | | | $33.33 | | | |
| Granted | 17,316 | | | 42.02 | | | |
| Dividend equivalents awarded | 2,310 | | | 37.07 | | | |
| Vested | (33,490) | | | 33.24 | | | |
| Forfeited | (2,738) | | | 32.50 | | | |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 56,215 | | | $34.74 | | | 2.29 |
The total intrinsic value of restricted stock units vested for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 was $1.3 million, $735,000, and $906,000, respectively.
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $900,000, $795,000, and $689,000, respectively, in restricted stock unit compensation expense as a component of "Salaries and other personnel expense". As of December 31, 2021, there was approximately $1.3 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested options, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average vesting period of 2.3 years.
NOTE 23 - Regulatory Matters
The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on a company's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s and the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory practices. The Company’s and the Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgment by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total capital, Tier 1 capital, and common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets (as defined in the regulations).
The tables below illustrate the capital requirements for the Company and the Bank and the actual capital ratios for each entity that exceed these requirements. The dividends that the Bank pays to the Company are limited to the extent necessary for the Bank to meet the regulatory requirements of a “well-capitalized” bank. The capital ratios for the Company exceed those for the Bank primarily because the $10 million trust preferred securities offerings that the Company completed in the fourth quarter of 2005 are included in the Company’s capital for regulatory purposes although they are accounted for as a liability in its financial statements. The trust preferred securities are not included in the Bank's capital ratios.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Northrim BanCorp, Inc. | Actual | | Adequately-Capitalized | | Well-Capitalized |
| (In Thousands) | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio |
| As of December 31, 2021: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $225,412 | | | 13.50 | % | | $75,137 | | | ≥ 4.5 | % | | NA | | NA |
| Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $246,836 | | | 14.79 | % | | $133,515 | | | ≥ 8 | % | | NA | | NA |
| Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $235,097 | | | 14.08 | % | | $100,183 | | | ≥ 6 | % | | NA | | NA |
| Tier I Capital (to average assets) | $235,097 | | | 9.03 | % | | $104,140 | | | ≥ 4 | % | | NA | | NA |
| As of December 31, 2020: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $205,717 | | | 13.75 | % | | $67,326 | | | ≥ 4.5 | % | | NA | | NA |
| Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $234,363 | | | 15.46 | % | | $121,275 | | | ≥ 8 | % | | NA | | NA |
| Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $215,380 | | | 14.20 | % | | $91,006 | | | ≥ 6 | % | | NA | | NA |
| Tier I Capital (to average assets) | $215,380 | | | 10.25 | % | | $84,051 | | | ≥ 4 | % | | NA | | NA |
| Northrim Bank | Actual | | Adequately-Capitalized | | Well-Capitalized |
| (In Thousands) | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio | | Amount | | Ratio |
| As of December 31, 2021: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $189,447 | | | 11.43 | % | | $74,585 | | | ≥ 4.5 | % | | $107,735 | | | ≥ 6.5 | % |
| Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $201,087 | | | 12.13 | % | | $132,621 | | | ≥ 8 | % | | $165,777 | | | ≥ 10 | % |
| Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $189,348 | | | 11.42 | % | | $99,482 | | | ≥ 6 | % | | $132,643 | | | ≥ 8 | % |
| Tier I Capital (to average assets) | $189,348 | | | 7.31 | % | | $103,610 | | | ≥ 4 | % | | $129,513 | | | ≥ 5 | % |
| As of December 31, 2020: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $178,532 | | | 11.89 | % | | $67,569 | | | ≥ 4.5 | % | | $97,599 | | | ≥ 6.5 | % |
| Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $197,233 | | | 13.13 | % | | $120,172 | | | ≥ 8 | % | | $150,216 | | | ≥ 10 | % |
| Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets) | $178,429 | | | 11.88 | % | | $90,116 | | | ≥ 6 | % | | $120,154 | | | ≥ 8 | % |
| Tier I Capital (to average assets) | $178,429 | | | 8.55 | % | | $83,476 | | | ≥ 4 | % | | $104,344 | | | ≥ 5 | % |
As of the most recent notification from its regulatory agencies, the Bank was categorized as "well-capitalized" under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s regulatory capital category. Management believes, as of December 31, 2021, that the Company and Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
NOTE 24 - Income Taxes
Components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Current Tax Expense (Benefit) | | Deferred Expense (Benefit) | | Total Expense |
| 2021: | | | | | |
| Federal | $5,090 | | | ($869) | | | $4,221 | |
| State | 3,182 | | | (429) | | | 2,753 | |
| Amortization of investment in low income housing tax credit partnerships | 3,502 | | | — | | | 3,502 | |
| Total | $11,774 | | | ($1,298) | | | $10,476 | |
| 2020: | | | | | |
| Federal | $3,607 | | | $371 | | | $3,978 | |
| State | 1,891 | | | 184 | | | 2,075 | |
| Amortization of investment in low income housing tax credit partnerships | 3,506 | | | — | | | 3,506 | |
| Total | $9,004 | | | $555 | | | $9,559 | |
| 2019: | | | | | |
| Federal | $1,078 | | | $476 | | | $1,554 | |
| State | 977 | | | 235 | | | 1,212 | |
| Amortization of investment in low income housing tax credit partnerships | 2,668 | | | — | | | 2,668 | |
| Total | $4,723 | | | $711 | | | $5,434 | |
The actual expense for 2021, 2020, and 2019, differs from the “expected” tax expense (computed by applying the U.S. Federal Statutory Tax Rate of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019) as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Computed “expected” income tax expense | $10,079 | | | $8,914 | | | $5,486 | |
| State income taxes, net | 2,175 | | | 1,639 | | | 957 | |
| Tax-exempt interest on investment securities and loans | (238) | | | (256) | | | (300) | |
| Amortization of investment in low income housing tax credit partnerships, net | 3,163 | | | 2,712 | | | 2,316 | |
| Low income housing credits | (3,694) | | | (3,168) | | | (2,721) | |
| | | | | |
| Other | (1,009) | | | (282) | | | (304) | |
| Total | $10,476 | | | $9,559 | | | $5,434 | |
The components of the net deferred tax asset are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Deferred Tax Asset: | | | | | |
| Allowance for loan losses | $3,126 | | | $5,772 | | | $5,190 | |
| Loan fees, net of costs | 1,956 | | | (635) | | | 741 | |
| Interest income, nonaccrual loans | 482 | | | 419 | | | 609 | |
| Deferred compensation | 1,344 | | | 1,130 | | | 1,224 | |
| Equity compensation | 406 | | | 481 | | | 429 | |
| Operating lease liabilities | 3,117 | | | 3,519 | | | 4,045 | |
| Accrued liabilities | 1,826 | | | 1,391 | | | 1,173 | |
| Unrealized gain on available for sale investment securities | 1,270 | | | 54 | | | 27 | |
| Other | 837 | | | 1,258 | | | 537 | |
| Total Deferred Tax Asset | $14,364 | | | $13,389 | | | $13,975 | |
| | | | | |
| Deferred Tax Liability: | | | | | |
| Intangible amortization | ($1,453) | | | ($1,022) | | | ($587) | |
| Mortgage servicing rights | (4,172) | | | (3,530) | | | (3,767) | |
| Depreciation and amortization | (1,515) | | | (2,066) | | | (1,848) | |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | (3,128) | | | (3,537) | | | (4,067) | |
| Unrealized loss on available for sale investment securities | (189) | | | (554) | | | (411) | |
| Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities, net | (159) | | | (187) | | | (169) | |
| Other | (470) | | | (513) | | | (591) | |
| Total Deferred Tax Liability | ($11,086) | | | ($11,409) | | | ($11,440) | |
| Net Deferred Tax Asset | $3,278 | | | $1,980 | | | $2,535 | |
A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The primary source of recovery of the deferred tax asset will be future taxable income. Management believes it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred tax asset. The deferred tax asset is included in "Other assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. In 2020 the Company reversed an accrual of $454,000 for a potential increase in tax expense that was recorded in 2019 related to an audit that was performed in 2018 by the State of Alaska for tax years 2014-2016. The Company appealed the initial audit decision and the appeal was ruled in the Company's favor in the first quarter of 2021. In 2019 the Company reversed an accrual of $250,000 related to interest and penalties that was recognized in 2018.
The tax years subject to examination by federal taxing authorities are the years ending December 31, 2021, 2020, 2019, and 2018. The tax years subject to examination by the State of Alaska are the years ending December 31, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016.
NOTE 25 - Fair Value Measurements
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Investment securities available for sale and marketable equity securities: Fair values are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments.
Servicing rights: MSR and CSR are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are classified as Level 3 as quoted prices are not available. In order to determine the fair value of MSR and CSR, the present value of net expected future cash flows is estimated. Assumptions used include market discount rates, anticipated prepayment speeds, escrow calculations,
delinquency rates, and ancillary fee income net of servicing costs. The model assumptions are also compared to publicly filed information from several large MSR holders, as available.
Derivative instruments: The fair value of the interest rate lock commitments are estimated using quoted or published market prices for similar instruments, adjusted for factors such as pull-through rate assumptions based on historical information, where appropriate. The pull-through rate assumptions are considered Level 3 valuation inputs and are significant to the interest rate lock commitment valuation; as such, the interest rate lock commitment derivatives are classified as Level 3. Interest rate contracts are valued in a model, which uses as its basis a discounted cash flow technique incorporating credit valuation adjustments to reflect nonperformance risk in the measurement of fair value. Although the Company has determined that the majority of inputs used to value its interest rate derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. However, as of December 31, 2021, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of these adjustments on the overall valuation of its interest rate positions and has determined that they are not significant to the overall valuation of its interest rate derivatives. As a result, the Company has classified its interest rate derivative valuations in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit: The fair value of commitments is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligation with the counterparties at the reporting date.
Assets Subject to Nonrecurring Adjustment to Fair Value:
The Company is also required to measure certain assets such as equity method investments, goodwill, intangible assets, loans held for sale, impaired loans, and OREO at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Any nonrecurring adjustments to fair value usually result from the writedown of individual assets.
The Company uses either in-house evaluations or external appraisals to estimate the fair value of OREO and loan individually evaluated for credit losses as of each reporting date. In-house appraisals are considered Level 3 inputs and external appraisals are considered Level 2 inputs. The Company’s determination of which method to use is based upon several factors. The Company takes into account compliance with legal and regulatory guidelines, the amount of the loan, the size of the assets, the location and type of property to be valued and how critical the timing of completion of the analysis is to the assessment of value. Those factors are balanced with the level of internal expertise, internal experience and market information available, versus external expertise available such as qualified appraisers, brokers, auctioneers and equipment specialists.
The Company uses external sources to estimate fair value for projects that are not fully constructed as of the date of valuation. These projects are generally valued as if complete, with an appropriate allowance for cost of completion, including contingencies developed from external sources such as vendors, engineers and contractors. The Company believes that recording other real estate owned that is not fully constructed based on as if complete values is more appropriate than recording other real estate owned that is not fully constructed using as is values. We concluded that as-is-complete values are appropriate for these types of projects based on the accounting guidance for capitalization of project costs and subsequent measurement of the value of real estate. GAAP specifically states that estimates and cost allocations must be reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reallocated based on revised estimates. The Company adjusts the carrying value of other real estate owned in accordance with this guidance for increases in estimated cost to complete that exceed the fair value of the real estate at the end of each reporting period.
Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
Estimated fair values as of the periods indicated are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2021 | | December 31, 2020 |
| (In Thousands) | Carrying Amount | | Fair Value | | Carrying Amount | | Fair Value |
| Financial assets: | | | | | | | |
| Level 1 inputs: | | | | | | | |
| Cash, due from banks and deposits in other banks | $645,827 | | | $645,827 | | | $115,965 | | | $115,965 | |
| Investment securities available for sale | 141,531 | | | 141,531 | | | 58,865 | | | 58,865 | |
| Marketable equity securities | 8,420 | | | 8,420 | | | 9,052 | | | 9,052 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Level 2 inputs: | | | | | | | |
| Investment securities available for sale | 285,153 | | | 285,153 | | | 188,768 | | | 188,768 | |
| Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank Stock | 3,107 | | | 3,107 | | | 2,551 | | | 2,551 | |
| Loans held for sale | 73,650 | | | 73,650 | | | 146,178 | | | 146,178 | |
| Accrued interest receivable | 6,846 | | | 6,846 | | | 7,979 | | | 7,979 | |
| Interest rate swaps | 6,030 | | | 6,030 | | | 7,387 | | | 7,387 | |
| Retail interest rate contracts | 166 | | | 166 | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
| Level 3 inputs: | | | | | | | |
| Investment securities held to maturity | 20,000 | | | 19,164 | | | 10,000 | | | 10,000 | |
| Loans | 1,413,886 | | | 1,396,486 | | | 1,444,051 | | | 1,414,179 | |
| Purchased receivables, net | 6,987 | | | 6,987 | | | 13,922 | | | 13,922 | |
| Interest rate lock commitments | 1,387 | | | 1,387 | | | 4,034 | | | 4,034 | |
| Mortgage servicing rights | 13,724 | | | 13,724 | | | 11,218 | | | 11,218 | |
| Commercial servicing rights | 1,084 | | | 1,084 | | | 1,310 | | | 1,310 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Financial liabilities: | | | | | | | |
| Level 2 inputs: | | | | | | | |
| Deposits | $2,421,631 | | | 2,422,215 | | | $1,824,981 | | | $1,826,990 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Borrowings | 14,508 | | | 14,727 | | | 14,817 | | | 15,538 | |
| Accrued interest payable | 31 | | | 31 | | | 65 | | | 65 | |
| Interest rate swaps | 6,985 | | | 6,985 | | | 9,122 | | | 9,122 | |
| Retail interest rate contracts | — | | | — | | | 880 | | | 880 | |
| Level 3 inputs: | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Junior subordinated debentures | 10,310 | | | 9,727 | | | 10,310 | | | 10,475 | |
The following table sets forth the balances as of the periods indicated of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Total | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| December 31, 2021 | | | | | | | |
| Assets: | | | | | | | |
| Available for sale securities | | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury and government sponsored entities | $341,480 | | | $115,686 | | | $225,794 | | | $— | |
| Municipal securities | 840 | | | — | | | 840 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
| Corporate bonds | 32,946 | | | 25,845 | | | 7,101 | | | — | |
| Collateralized loan obligations | 51,418 | | | — | | | 51,418 | | | — | |
| Total available for sale securities | $426,684 | | | $141,531 | | | $285,153 | | | $— | |
| Marketable equity securities | $8,420 | | | $8,420 | | | $— | | | $— | |
| Total marketable equity securities | $8,420 | | | $8,420 | | | $— | | | $— | |
| Interest rate swaps | $6,030 | | | $— | | | $6,030 | | | $— | |
| Interest rate lock commitments | 1,387 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,387 | |
| Mortgage servicing rights | 13,724 | | | — | | | — | | | 13,724 | |
| Commercial servicing rights | 1,084 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,084 | |
| Retail interest rate contracts | 166 | | | — | | | 166 | | | — | |
| Total other assets | $22,225 | | | $— | | | $6,030 | | | $16,195 | |
| Liabilities: | | | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | $6,985 | | | $— | | | $6,985 | | | $— | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total other liabilities | $6,985 | | | $— | | | $6,985 | | | $— | |
| December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | |
| Assets: | | | | | | | |
| Available for sale securities | | | | | | | |
| U.S. Treasury and government sponsored entities | $174,601 | | | $37,548 | | | $137,053 | | | $— | |
| Municipal securities | 856 | | | — | | | 856 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
| Corporate bonds | 30,492 | | | 21,317 | | | 9,175 | | | — | |
| Collateralized loan obligations | 41,684 | | | — | | | 41,684 | | | — | |
| Total available for sale securities | $247,633 | | | $58,865 | | | $188,768 | | | $— | |
| Marketable equity securities | $9,052 | | | $9,052 | | | $— | | | $— | |
| Total marketable equity securities | $9,052 | | | $9,052 | | | $— | | | $— | |
| Interest rate swaps | $7,387 | | | $— | | | $7,387 | | | $— | |
| Interest rate lock commitments | 4,034 | | | — | | | — | | | 4,034 | |
| Mortgage servicing rights | 11,218 | | | — | | | — | | | 11,218 | |
| Commercial servicing rights | 1,310 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,310 | |
| Total other assets | $23,949 | | | $— | | | $7,387 | | | $16,562 | |
| Liabilities: | | | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps | $9,122 | | | $— | | | $9,122 | | | $— | |
| Retail interest rate contracts | 880 | | | — | | | 880 | | | — | |
| Total other liabilities | $10,002 | | | $— | | | $10,002 | | | $— | |
The following table provides a reconciliation of the assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Beginning balance | Change included in earnings | Purchases and issuances | Sales and settlements | Ending balance |
| December 31, 2021 | | | | | |
| Interest rate lock commitments | $4,034 | | ($3,389) | | $28,229 | | ($27,487) | | $1,387 | |
| Mortgage servicing rights | 11,218 | | (3,582) | | 6,088 | | — | | 13,724 | |
| Commercial servicing rights | 1,310 | | (437) | | 211 | | — | | 1,084 | |
| Total | $16,562 | | ($7,408) | | $34,528 | | ($27,487) | | $16,195 | |
| December 31, 2020 | | | | | |
| Interest rate lock commitments | $810 | | ($5,680) | | $49,186 | | ($40,282) | | $4,034 | |
| Mortgage servicing rights | 11,920 | | (5,526) | | 4,824 | | — | | 11,218 | |
| Commercial servicing rights | 1,214 | | (99) | | 195 | | — | | 1,310 | |
| Total | $13,944 | | ($11,305) | | $54,205 | | ($40,282) | | $16,562 | |
As of and for the years ending December 31, 2021 and 2020, except for certain assets as shown in the following table, no impairment or valuation adjustment was recognized for assets recognized at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. For loans individually measured for credit losses, the Company classifies fair value measurements using observable inputs, such as external appraisals, as Level 2 valuations in the fair value hierarchy, and unobservable inputs, such as in-house evaluations, as Level 3 valuations in the fair value hierarchy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Total | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| December 31, 2021 | | | | | | | |
| Loans individually measured for credit losses | $— | | | $— | | | $— | | | $— | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total | $— | | | $— | | | $— | | | $— | |
| December 31, 2020 | | | | | | | |
| Loans individually measured for credit losses | $308 | | | $— | | | $— | | | $308 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Total | $308 | | | $— | | | $— | | | $308 | |
The following table presents the (gains) losses resulting from nonrecurring fair value adjustments for the periods ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| Loans individually measured for credit losses | ($13) | | | ($4) | | | $3 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Total (income) loss from nonrecurring measurements | ($13) | | | ($4) | | | $3 | |
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
The following table provides a description of the valuation technique, unobservable input, and qualitative information about the unobservable inputs for the Company’s assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 and measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2021 and 2020:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Financial Instrument | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Weighted Average or Rate Range |
| December 31, 2021 | | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Interest rate lock commitment | External pricing model | Pull through rate | 93.27 | % |
| Mortgage servicing rights | Discounted cash flow | Constant prepayment rate | 9.25% - 14.21% |
| | Discount rate | 8.00% |
| Commercial servicing rights | Discounted cash flow | Constant prepayment rate | 12.30% - 16.57% |
| | Discount rate | 9.94 | % |
| December 31, 2020 | | | |
| Loans individually measured for credit losses | In-house valuation of collateral | Discount rate | 30 | % |
| | | |
| | | |
| Interest rate lock commitment | External pricing model | Pull through rate | 90.65 | % |
| Mortgage servicing rights | Discounted cash flow | Constant prepayment rate | 7.77% - 13.17% |
| | Discount rate | 7.75% |
| Commercial servicing rights | Discounted cash flow | Constant prepayment rate | 7.38% - 9.94% |
| | Discount rate | 9.46 | % |
NOTE 26 - Segment Information
The Company's operations are managed along two operating segments: Community Banking and Home Mortgage Lending. The Community Banking segment's principal business focus is the offering of loan and deposit products to business and consumer customers in its primary market areas. As of December 31, 2021, the Community Banking segment operated 17 branches throughout Alaska. The Home Mortgage Lending segment's principal business focus is the origination and sale of mortgage loans for 1-4 family residential properties.
Summarized financial information for the Company's reportable segments and the reconciliation to the consolidated financial results is shown in the following tables:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2021 | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Community Banking | | Home Mortgage Lending | | Consolidated |
| | | | | |
| Interest income | $81,703 | | | $2,903 | | | $84,606 | |
| Interest expense | 3,623 | | | 156 | | | 3,779 | |
| Net interest income | 78,080 | | | 2,747 | | | 80,827 | |
| Provision for credit losses | (4,099) | | | — | | | (4,099) | |
| Other operating income | 10,119 | | | 42,144 | | | 52,263 | |
| | | | | |
| Other operating expense | 58,647 | | | 30,549 | | | 89,196 | |
| Income before provision for income taxes | 33,651 | | | 14,342 | | | 47,993 | |
| Provision for income taxes | 6,468 | | | 4,008 | | | 10,476 | |
| Net income | $27,183 | | | $10,334 | | | $37,517 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Total assets | $2,615,433 | | | $109,286 | | | $2,724,719 | |
| Loans held for sale | $— | | | $73,650 | | | $73,650 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2020 | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Community Banking | | Home Mortgage Lending | | Consolidated |
| | | | | |
| Interest income | $73,435 | | | $3,281 | | | $76,716 | |
| Interest expense | 5,788 | | | 263 | | | 6,051 | |
| Net interest income | 67,647 | | | 3,018 | | | 70,665 | |
| Provision for credit losses | 2,432 | | | — | | | 2,432 | |
| Other operating income | 10,693 | | | 52,635 | | | 63,328 | |
| Other operating expense | 57,614 | | | 31,500 | | | 89,114 | |
| Income before provision for income taxes | 18,294 | | | 24,153 | | | 42,447 | |
| Provision for income taxes | 2,694 | | | 6,865 | | | 9,559 | |
| Net income | $15,600 | | | $17,288 | | | $32,888 | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Total assets | $1,935,871 | | | $185,927 | | | $2,121,798 | |
| Loans held for sale | $— | | | $146,178 | | | $146,178 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| December 31, 2019 | | | | | |
| (In Thousands) | Community Banking | | Home Mortgage Lending | | Consolidated |
| | | | | |
| Interest income | $67,770 | | | $2,313 | | | $70,083 | |
| Interest expense | 4,569 | | | 1,072 | | | 5,641 | |
| Net interest income | 63,201 | | | 1,241 | | | 64,442 | |
| Benefit for credit losses | (1,175) | | | — | | | (1,175) | |
| Other operating income | 13,145 | | | 24,201 | | | 37,346 | |
| Compensation expense, RML acquisition payments | 468 | | | — | | | 468 | |
| Other operating expense | 54,520 | | | 21,850 | | | 76,370 | |
| Income before provision for income taxes | 22,533 | | | 3,592 | | | 26,125 | |
| Provision for income taxes | 4,408 | | | 1,026 | | | 5,434 | |
| Net income | $18,125 | | | $2,566 | | | $20,691 | |
| | | | | |
| Total assets | $1,540,869 | | | $103,127 | | | $1,643,996 | |
| Loans held for sale | $— | | | $67,834 | | | $67,834 | |
NOTE 27 - Parent Company Information
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance Sheets at December 31, | 2021 | | 2020 |
| (In Thousands) | |
| Assets | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $35,546 | | | $24,742 | |
| Marketable equity securities | 8,420 | | | 9,052 | |
| Investment in Northrim Bank | 202,819 | | | 196,002 | |
| Investment in NISC | 1,336 | | | 1,472 | |
| | | |
| Investment in NST2 | 310 | | | 310 | |
| | | |
| Taxes receivable, net | 603 | | | 1,973 | |
| Other assets | 358 | | | 497 | |
| Total Assets | $249,392 | | | $234,048 | |
| Liabilities | | | |
| Junior subordinated debentures | $10,310 | | | $10,310 | |
| Other liabilities | 1,265 | | | 2,163 | |
| Total Liabilities | 11,575 | | | 12,473 | |
| Shareholders' Equity | | | |
| Common stock | 6,015 | | | 6,251 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | 31,162 | | | 41,808 | |
| Retained earnings | 204,046 | | | 173,498 | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (3,406) | | | 18 | |
| Total Shareholders' Equity | 237,817 | | | 221,575 | |
| Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity | $249,392 | | | $234,048 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Statements of Income for Years Ended: | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| (In Thousands) | |
| Income | | | | | |
| Interest income | $551 | | | $599 | | | $635 | |
| Equity in undistributed earnings from Northrim Bank | 38,625 | | | 33,570 | | | 20,680 | |
| Equity in undistributed earnings from NISC | 66 | | | 174 | | | 218 | |
| Gain on sale of marketable equity securities, net | 67 | | | 98 | | | — | |
| Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable equity securities | (101) | | | 61 | | | 911 | |
| Other income | 151 | | | 10 | | | 44 | |
| Total Income | $39,359 | | | $34,512 | | | $22,488 | |
| Expense | | | | | |
| Interest expense | 382 | | | 385 | | | 389 | |
| Administrative and other expenses | 2,754 | | | 2,748 | | | 2,168 | |
| Total Expense | 3,136 | | | 3,133 | | | 2,557 | |
| Income Before Benefit from Income Taxes | 36,223 | | | 31,379 | | | 19,931 | |
| Benefit from income taxes | (1,294) | | | (1,509) | | | (760) | |
| Net Income | $37,517 | | | $32,888 | | | $20,691 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Statements of Cash Flows for Years Ended: | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 |
| (In Thousands) | |
| Operating Activities: | | | | | |
| Net income | $37,517 | | | $32,888 | | | $20,691 | |
| Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash: | | | | | |
| Gain on sale of securities, net | (67) | | | (98) | | | — | |
| Equity in undistributed earnings from subsidiaries | (38,691) | | | (33,744) | | | (20,897) | |
| Change in fair value marketable equity securities | 101 | | | (61) | | | (911) | |
| Stock-based compensation | 1,073 | | | 943 | | | 832 | |
| Changes in other assets and liabilities | (2,167) | | | (2,118) | | | 8,556 | |
| Net Cash Used from Operating Activities | (2,234) | | | (2,190) | | | 8,271 | |
| Investing Activities: | | | | | |
| Purchases of marketable equity securities | (493) | | | (1,552) | | | — | |
| Proceeds from sales/calls/maturities of marketable equity securities | 1,016 | | | 503 | | | 229 | |
| Investment in Northrim Bank, NISC & NST2 | 31,894 | | | 21,423 | | | 19,488 | |
| Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities | 32,417 | | | 20,374 | | | 19,717 | |
| Financing Activities: | | | | | |
| Dividends paid to shareholders | (9,388) | | | (8,844) | | | (8,512) | |
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 1,543 | | | 84 | | | 73 | |
| Repurchase of common stock | (11,534) | | | (9,976) | | | (12,569) | |
| Net Cash Used from Financing Activities | (19,379) | | | (18,736) | | | (21,008) | |
| Net change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 10,804 | | | (552) | | | 6,980 | |
| Cash and Cash Equivalents at beginning of year | 24,742 | | | 25,294 | | | 18,314 | |
| Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of year | $35,546 | | | $24,742 | | | $25,294 | |
NOTE 28 - Subsequent Events
The Company's Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary, who also served as Northrim Bank's Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Chief Operating Officer and Corporate Secretary passed away on November 11, 2021. The Company received $2.0 million in keyman life insurance proceeds on February 15, 2022 in connection with the death of this employee that will be reflected in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Net Income for the quarter ended March 31, 2022.