ONCR Oncorus Inc

PROPOSAL 1 - APPROVAL OF THE DISSOLUTION PURSUANT TO THE PLAN OF DISSOLUTION

We are asking you to authorize and approve the Dissolution and the Plan of Dissolution. Our Board has determined that the Dissolution is advisable and in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders, has approved the Dissolution and has adopted the Plan of Dissolution. The reasons for the Dissolution are described under "Proposal 1 - Approval of the Dissolution Pursuant to the Plan of Dissolution - Background of the Proposed Dissolution" beginning on page 14 of this proxy statement. The Dissolution requires approval by the holders of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock entitled to vote at the Special Meeting that is the subject of this proxy statement. Our Board unanimously recommends that our stockholders authorize the Dissolution.

In general terms, when we dissolve, we will cease conducting our business, wind up our affairs, dispose of our non-cash assets, pay or otherwise provide for our obligations, and distribute our remaining assets, if any, during a post-dissolution period of at least three years, as required by the DGCL. With respect to the Dissolution, we will follow the dissolution and winding-up procedures prescribed by the DGCL, as described in further detail under "Proposal 1 - Approval of the Dissolution Pursuant to the Plan of Dissolution - Delaware Law Applicable to Our Dissolution" beginning on page 16 of this proxy statement. Our liquidation, winding up and distribution procedures will be further guided by our Plan of Dissolution, as described in further detail under "Proposal 1 - Approval of the Dissolution Pursuant to the Plan of Dissolution - Our Plan of Dissolution" beginning on page 19 of this proxy statement. You should carefully consider the risk factors relating to our complete liquidation and dissolution and described under "Risk Factors - Risks Related to The Dissolution" beginning on page 9 of this proxy statement.

Subject to the requirements of the DGCL and our Plan of Dissolution, as further described below, we will use our existing cash to pay for our winding up procedures, including:

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ESTIMATED DISTRIBUTIONS TO STOCKHOLDERS

Based on currently available information, we estimate that we will have in the range between approximately $0.1 million and $1.4 million of cash that we will be able to distribute to stockholders in connection with the Dissolution, which implies a per share distribution range of $0.00 to $0.05 per share of common stock. Calculating such an estimate is inherently uncertain and requires that we make a number of assumptions regarding future events, many of which are unlikely to ultimately be true. We used the following assumptions when calculating the estimated distributable cash value: (i) $2.5 million payable for insurance, (ii) $0.7 million payable for accounting fees, wind-down administration services, and legal fees, (iii) $3.4 million payable for wages and severance under existing employment contracts, (iv) $3.5 million payable for other general and administrative costs, including lease cancellation and settlement of outstanding liabilities, and (v) a $1.3 million tax credit that we expect to receive from the U.S. federal government for employee retention efforts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. These estimates do not include cash that may be available for distribution from the proceeds from any sales or dispositions of our remaining assets, including our intellectual property.

Distributions, if any, to our stockholders may be paid in one or more distributions. Such distributions will not occur until after the Certificate of Dissolution is filed, and we cannot predict the timing or amount of any such distributions, as uncertainties as to the ultimate amount of our liabilities, the operating costs and amounts to be set aside for claims, obligations and provisions during the liquidation and winding-up process, and the related timing to complete such transactions make it impossible to predict with certainty the actual net cash amount that will ultimately be available for distribution to stockholders or the timing of any such distributions. Examples of uncertainties that could reduce the value of distributions to our stockholders include: uncertainty regarding the proceeds we may receive in the course of our efforts to monetize our remaining assets, if any; uncertainty as to whether we will be able to negotiate an exit from our lease for our facility located in Andover, Massachusetts; unanticipated costs relating to the defense, satisfaction or settlement of lawsuits or other claims threatened against us or our directors or officers; amounts necessary to resolve claims of any creditors or other third parties; and delays in the liquidation and dissolution or other winding up process.

Our estimate of the anticipated initial distribution amounts is preliminary and many of the factors that are necessary to determine how much, if any, we will be able to distribute to our stockholders in liquidation are subject to change and outside of our control. While we intend to pursue matters related to our liquidation and winding up promptly if we obtain approval from our stockholders, the timing of many elements of this process after our Dissolution will not be entirely within our control and, therefore, we are unable to estimate when we would be able to begin making any post-Dissolution liquidating distributions to our stockholders. See the section entitled "Risk Factors - Risks Related to The Dissolution" beginning on page 9 of this proxy statement.

The description of the Dissolution contained in this introductory section is general in nature and is subject to various other factors and requirements, as described in greater detail below.

BACKGROUND OF THE PROPOSED DISSOLUTION

In the ordinary course from time to time, our Board and management team have evaluated and considered a variety of financial and strategic opportunities for the Company as part of our long-term strategy to enhance value for our stockholders, including potential mergers and acquisitions, asset sales and divestitures, business combinations, partnerships, collaborations and other strategic transactions.

As part of the ongoing consideration and evaluation of our long-term prospects and strategies, our Board frequently reviews, with our management, strategic and financial alternatives in light of developments in our business, the competitive landscape, the economy generally and financial markets, all with the goal of enhancing value for our stockholders and making a positive impact in patients’ lives. As part of this process, from time to time, our management has engaged in business development and/or strategic discussions with industry participants. This includes contacts with numerous companies regarding potential strategic transactions.

Historically, we were a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing viral immunotherapies to transform outcomes for cancer patients. Using our two proprietary platforms, we were developing a pipeline of intratumorally and intravenously administered product candidates designed to selectively attack and kill tumor cells and deliver transgenes to stimulate the human immune system against tumors.

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In November 2022, our Board and management began working with outside advisors, including a financial advisory, on a formal and informal basis, to confidentially explore the sale of our manufacturing facility in Andover, Massachusetts or other transactions that would leverage the value of our manufacturing facility and capabilities.

On November 30, 2022, we announced that we were reprioritizing our product pipeline to focus on our product candidate ONCR-021, with plans to submit an investigation new drug application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in mid-2023. Concurrently, we announced that we were discontinuing the Phase 1 clinical trial of our prior lead candidate, ONCR-177, and that further development of our other product candidates would be dependent on our ability to obtain additional financing. We also announced a 20% reduction in our workforce with the remaining workforce solely focused on the clinical development of ONCR-021 and related manufacturing efforts.

Despite discussions with multiple potential third parties, we were unsuccessful in identifying any interested purchasers or partners, or any viable transactions related to our manufacturing facility and capabilities. As a result, in May 2023, we began working with outside advisors to confidentially explore a sale or merger of the Company or one or more sales of our assets, including a reverse merger, along with any other strategic transaction related to our technology and capabilities.

On May 12, 2023, we prepaid in full all of our outstanding obligations and other fees due under our Loan and Security Agreement with K2 HealthVentures LLC ("K2HV"), as lender and administrative agent, and Ankura Trust Company, LLC, as collateral agent for the lender. The prepayment consisted of $20.0 million in principal and approximately $1.6 million of accrued interest and related fees and expenses. Following the prepayment, the Loan and Security Agreement was terminated in its entirety and all liens against our assets were released.

On May 22, 2023, concurrent with our press release announcing our financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, we announced that, following the prepayment of our debt with K2HV, we expected that our remaining cash and cash equivalents and investments would enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the third quarter of 2023.

In connection with the filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, we concluded that changes in business circumstances indicated that the carrying amount of our long-lived assets, consisting of our property and equipment and right of use asset associated with our manufacturing facility, may not be fully recoverable. As a result, we performed a recoverability test to compare our forecast of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of our long-lived assets to their carrying values on our balance sheet. Following this analysis, we recognized a non-cash impairment loss of $14.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In connection with the disclosures related to our impairment loss, we announced that we were evaluating opportunities to finance our continued operations and the further development of our programs, including, but not limited to, the potential sale or lease of our facilities, property and equipment.

Despite broad canvassing and discussions with multiple third parties, we were unsuccessful in identifying any interested purchasers or partners, or any viable transactions, related a sale or merger of the Company or one or more sales of our assets.

On May 29, 2023 our Board approved, and on June 1, 2023 we announced, a plan to reduce our workforce by 55 employees, representing substantially all of our headcount, in order to preserve cash resources. We retained a limited number of employees and contractors to assist with our exploration of strategic alternatives.

In light of the strategic alternatives review and following the implementation of our most recent headcount reduction, our Board determined that approving the Plan of Dissolution gives our Board the most flexibility in optimizing value for our stockholders and as a result, on June 6, 2023, our Board adopted resolutions approving the Plan of Dissolution and the Dissolution and recommended that our stockholders approve the Plan of Dissolution and the Dissolution.

REASONS FOR THE PROPOSED DISSOLUTION

The Board believes that the Dissolution is in the best interests of Oncorus and our stockholders. The Board considered and pursued at length potential strategic alternatives available to Oncorus such as mergers, asset sales or dispositions, strategic partnerships and other business combination transactions, and, following the results of such review, now believe that pursuing a dissolution and wind-up of the Company in accordance with the Plan of Dissolution gives our Board the best opportunity and most flexibility to optimize value for our stockholders.

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In making its determination to approve the Dissolution, the Board considered, in addition to other pertinent factors, the fact that Oncorus currently has no significant remaining business operations or business prospects; the fact that Oncorus will continue to incur substantial accounting, legal and other expenses associated with being a public company despite having no source of revenue or financing alternatives; and the fact that Oncorus has conducted an evaluation to identify remaining strategic alternatives involving Oncorus’s assets or Oncorus as a whole, such as mergers, asset sales or dispositions, strategic partnerships and other business combination transactions, that could have a reasonable likelihood of providing value to our stockholders in excess of the amount the stockholders may be able to receive in a liquidation. As a result of its evaluation, the Board concluded that the Dissolution provides the best opportunity to maximize any remaining value for Oncorus and its stockholders among the alternatives now available to Oncorus and is therefore in the best interests of Oncorus and its stockholders. Accordingly, the Board approved the Plan of Dissolution and Dissolution of Oncorus pursuant thereto and recommends that our stockholders approve the Dissolution Proposal.

DELAWARE LAW APPLICABLE TO OUR DISSOLUTION

We are a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and the Dissolution will be governed by the DGCL. The following is a brief summary of some of the relevant provisions of the DGCL applicable to the Dissolution. The following summary is qualified in its entirely by Sections 275 through 283 of the DGCL, which are attached to this proxy statement as Annex B.

Dissolution under the DGCL Generally

Authorization of Board and Stockholders. If a corporation’s board of directors deems it advisable that the corporation should dissolve, it may adopt a resolution to that effect by a majority vote of the whole board and notify the corporation’s stockholders entitled to vote on the dissolution of the adoption of the resolution and the calling of a meeting of stockholders to act on the resolution. Our Board has unanimously adopted a resolution approving the Dissolution and the Plan of Dissolution and declaring them advisable and recommending them to our stockholders. The Dissolution must be authorized and approved by the holders of a majority of our outstanding shares of common stock on the Record Date entitled to vote on the Dissolution Proposal.

Certificate of Dissolution. If a corporation’s stockholders authorize its dissolution, to consummate the dissolution the corporation must file a certificate of dissolution with the Secretary of State. If our stockholders authorize the Dissolution at the Special Meeting, we intend to file the Certificate of Dissolution with the Secretary of State as soon as practicable after the receipt of such approval. However, the timing of such filing is subject to the discretion of the Company.

Possible Permitted Abandonment of Dissolution. The resolution authorizing a dissolution adopted by a corporation’s board of directors may provide that, notwithstanding authorization of the dissolution by the corporation’s stockholders, the board of directors may abandon the dissolution without further action by the stockholders. While we do not currently foresee any reason that our Board would abandon our proposed Dissolution once it is authorized by our stockholders, to provide our Board with the maximum flexibility to act in the best interests of our stockholders, the resolutions adopted by our Board included language providing the Board with the flexibility to abandon the Dissolution without further action of our stockholders at any time prior to the filing of the Certificate of Dissolution.

Time of Dissolution. When a corporation’s certificate of dissolution is filed with the Secretary of State and has become effective, along with the corporation’s tender of all taxes (including Delaware franchise taxes) and fees authorized to be collected by the Secretary of State, the corporation will be dissolved. We refer to the effective time of the Certificate of Dissolution herein as the “Effective Time.”

Continuation of Corporation After Dissolution

A dissolved corporation continues its existence for three years after dissolution, or such longer period as the Delaware Court of Chancery may direct, for the purpose of prosecuting and defending suits and enabling the corporation to settle and close its business, to dispose of and convey its property, to discharge its liabilities and to distribute to its stockholders any remaining assets. A dissolved corporation may not, however, continue the business for which it was organized. Any action, suit or proceeding begun by or against the corporation before or during this survival period does not abate by reason of the dissolution, and for the purpose of any such action, suit or proceeding, the corporation will continue beyond the Survival Period until any related judgments, orders or decrees are fully executed, without the necessity for any special direction by the Delaware Court of Chancery. Our Plan of

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Dissolution will govern our winding up process after Dissolution. See the section entitled "Proposal 1 - Approval of the Dissolution Pursuant to the Plan of Dissolution - Our Plan of Dissolution" beginning on page 19 of this proxy statement.

Payment and Distribution to Claimants and Stockholders

A dissolved corporation must make provision for the payment (or reservation of security for payment) of current and certain potential future claims against the corporation in accordance with the applicable provisions of the DGCL and the distribution of remaining assets to the corporation’s stockholders. The dissolved corporation may do this by following one of two procedures, as described below.

Safe Harbor Procedures under DGCL Sections 280 and 281(a) (the “Safe Harbor Procedures”)

A dissolved corporation may elect to give notice of its dissolution to persons having a claim against the corporation (other than claims against the corporation in any pending actions, suits or proceedings to which the corporation is a party) (“Current Claimants”) and to persons with contractual claims contingent on the occurrence or nonoccurrence of future events or otherwise conditional or unmatured (“Contingent Contractual Claimants”), and after giving these notices, following the procedures set forth in the DGCL, as described below.

The Plan of Dissolution provides the Board with the discretion to elect to follow the Safe Harbor Procedures rather than the Alternative Procedures.

Current Claimants

Notices and Publication. The notice to Current Claimants must state (1) that all such claims must be presented to the corporation in writing and must contain sufficient information reasonably to inform the corporation of the identity of the claimant and the substance of the claim; (2) the mailing address to which the claim must be sent; (3) the date (the “Claim Date”) by which the claim must be received by the corporation, which must be no earlier than 60 days from the date of the corporation’s notice; (4) that the claim will be barred if not received by the Claim Date; (5) that the corporation may make distributions to other claimants and the corporation’s stockholders without further notice to the Current Claimant; and (6) the aggregate annual amount of all distributions made by the corporation to its stockholders for each of the three years before the date of dissolution. The notice must be published at least once a week for two consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the corporation’s registered agent in Delaware is located and in the corporation’s principal place of business and, in the case of a corporation having $10.0 million or more in total assets at the time of dissolution, at least once in all editions of a daily newspaper with a national circulation. On or before the date of the first publication of the notice, the corporation must also mail a copy of the notice by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to each known claimant of the corporation, including persons with claims asserted against the corporation in a pending action, suit or proceeding to which the corporation is a party.

Effect of Non-Responses to Notices. If the dissolved corporation does not receive a response to the corporation’s notice by the Claim Date from a Current Claimant who was given actual notice according to the foregoing paragraph, then the claimant’s claim will be barred.

Treatment of Responses to Notices. If the dissolved corporation receives a response to the corporation’s notice by the Claim Date, the dissolved corporation may accept or reject, in whole or in part, the claim. If the dissolved corporation rejects a claim, it must mail a notice of the rejection to the Current Claimant by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, within 90 days after receipt of the claim (or, if earlier, at least 150 days before the expiration of the Survival Period). The notice must state that any claim so rejected will be barred if the Current Claimant does not commence an action, suit or proceeding with respect to the claim within 120 days of the date of the rejection.

Effect of Non-Responses to Rejections of Claims. If the dissolved corporation rejects a claim and the Current Claimant does not commence an action suit or proceeding with respect to the claim within the 120-day post- rejection period, then the Current Claimant’s claim will be barred.

Contingent Contractual Claims

Notices. The notice to Contingent Contractual Claimants (persons with contractual claims contingent on the occurrence or nonoccurrence of future events or otherwise conditional or unmatured) must be in substantially the same form and sent and published in the same manner, as notices to Current Claimants and shall request that Contingent Contractual Claimants present their claims in accordance with the terms of such notice.

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Responses to Contractual Claimants. If the dissolved corporation receives a response by the date specified in the notice by which the claims from Contingent Contractual Claimants must be received by the corporation, which must be no earlier than 60 days from the date of the corporation’s notice to Contingent Contractual Claimants, the dissolved corporation must offer to the Contingent Contractual Claimant such security as the dissolved corporation determines is sufficient to provide compensation to the claimant if the claim matures. This offer must be mailed to the Contingent Contractual Claimant by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, within 90 days of the dissolved corporation’s receipt of the claim (or, if earlier, at least 150 days before the expiration of the post- dissolution survival period). If the Contingent Contractual Claimant does not deliver to the dissolved corporation a written notice rejecting the offer within 120 days after receipt of the offer for security, the claimant is deemed to have accepted the security as the sole source from which to satisfy the claim against the dissolved corporation.

Determinations by Delaware Court of Chancery

A dissolved corporation that has complied with the Safe Harbor Procedures must petition the Delaware Court of Chancery to determine the amount and form of security that will be (1) reasonably likely to be sufficient to provide compensation for any claim against the dissolved corporation that is the subject of a pending action, suit or proceeding to which the dissolved corporation is a party, other than a claim barred pursuant to the Safe Harbor Procedures, (2) sufficient to provide compensation to any Contingent Contractual Claimant who has rejected the dissolved corporation’s offer for security for such person’s claims made pursuant to the Safe Harbor Procedures, and (3) reasonably likely to be sufficient to provide compensation for claims that have not been made known to the dissolved corporation or that have not arisen but that, based on facts known to the dissolved corporation, are likely to arise or to become known to the dissolved corporation within five years after the date of dissolution or such longer period of time as the Delaware Court of Chancery may determine, not to exceed ten years after the date of dissolution. The Court of Chancery may appoint a guardian ad litem in respect of any such proceeding brought upon the petition of a dissolved corporation that has complied with the Safe Harbor Procedures, in which case the reasonable fees and expenses of any Court-appointed guardian (including all reasonable expert witness fees)would be paid by the dissolved corporation and potentially reduce the remaining assets, if any, available for distribution to stockholders.

Payments and Distributions

If a dissolved corporation has followed the Safe Harbor Procedures, then it will (1) pay the current claims made but not rejected, (2) post the security offered and not rejected for contractual claims that are contingent, conditional or unmatured, (3) post any security ordered by the Delaware Court of Chancery in response to the dissolved corporation’s petition to the Court described above, and (4) pay or make provision for all other claims that are mature, known and uncontested or that have been finally determined to be owing by the dissolved corporation. If there are insufficient assets to make these payments and provisions, then they will be satisfied ratably in accordance with legal priorities, to the extent that assets are available.

All remaining assets will be distributed to the dissolved corporation’s stockholders, but not earlier than 150 days after the date of the last notice of rejection given by the dissolved corporation to a Current Claimant pursuant to the Safe Harbor Procedures.

Alternative Procedures under DGCL Section 281(b) (the "Alternative Procedures")

If a dissolved corporation does not elect to follow the Safe Harbor Procedures, it must adopt a plan of distribution pursuant to which it will (1) pay or make reasonable provision to pay all claims and obligations, including all contingent, conditional or unmatured contractual claims known to the corporation, (2) make such provision as will be reasonably likely to be sufficient to provide compensation for any claim against the dissolved corporation that is the subject of a pending action, suit or proceeding to which the dissolved corporation is a party and (3) make such provision as will be reasonably likely to be sufficient to provide compensation for claims that have not been made known to the dissolved corporation or that have not arisen but that, based on facts known to the dissolved corporation, are likely to arise or to become known to the dissolved corporation within ten years after the date of dissolution. If there are insufficient assets to make these payments and provisions, then they will be satisfied ratably in accordance with legal priorities, to the extent assets are available. All remaining assets will be distributed to the dissolved corporation’s stockholders.

The Plan of Dissolution adopted by the Board and proposed to the stockholders for approval constitutes the plan of distribution for purposes of the Alternative Procedures, although the Plan of Dissolution provides that our

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Board has the discretion to decide to abandon any plans to follow the Alternative Procedures and to follow the Safe Harbor Procedures as permitted by Delaware law.

Liabilities of Stockholders and Directors

If a dissolved corporation follows either the Safe Harbor Procedures or the Alternative Procedures, then (1) a stockholder of the dissolved corporation’s will not be liable for any claim against the dissolved corporation in an amount in excess of the lesser of (a) the stockholder’s pro rata share of the claim and (b) the amount distributed to the stockholder. If a dissolved corporation follows the Safe Harbor Procedures, then a stockholder of the dissolved corporation will not be liable for any claim against the dissolved corporation on which an action, suit or proceeding is not begun before the expiration of the Survival Period. In no event will the aggregate liability of a stockholder of a dissolved corporation for claims against the dissolved corporation exceed the amount distributed to the stockholder in dissolution. If a dissolved corporation fully complies with either the Safe Harbor Procedures or the Alternative Procedures, then the dissolved corporation’s directors will not be personally liable to the dissolved corporation’s claimants.

Application of These Procedures to Us

We currently plan to elect to follow the Alternative Procedures. However, our Plan of Dissolution specifically permits our Board the discretion to decide to abandon any plans to follow the Alternative Procedures and to follow the Safe Harbor Procedures as permitted by Delaware law. If we follow the Safe Harbor Procedures, then the required published notices would be published in a newspaper of general circulation in New Castle County, Delaware (the location of our registered agent), and Andover, Massachusetts (the location of our principal place of business), as well as in a daily newspaper with national circulation, since our total assets will exceed $10.0 million at the time of dissolution. For more information about our liquidation, winding up and distribution procedures, see the section entitled "Proposal 1 - Approval of the Dissolution Pursuant to the Plan of Dissolution - Our Plan of Dissolution" beginning on page 19 of this proxy statement.

OUR PLAN OF DISSOLUTION

The Dissolution will be conducted in accordance with the Plan of Dissolution, which is attached to this proxy statement as Annex A and incorporated by reference into this proxy statement. The following is a summary of our Plan of Dissolution and does not purport to be complete or contain all of the information that is important to you. To understand our Plan of Dissolution more fully, you are urged to read this proxy statement as well as the Plan of Dissolution. Our Plan of Dissolution may be modified, clarified or amended by action by our Board at any time and from time to time, as further described below.

Authorization and Effectiveness

Our Plan of Dissolution will be deemed approved if the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote on the Dissolution Proposal have authorized the Plan of Dissolution and the Dissolution and will constitute our authorized plan and will evidence our authority to take all actions described in the Plan of Dissolution. Following the authorization of the Dissolution by our stockholders, at such time as we determine to be appropriate, we will file the Certificate of Dissolution with the Secretary of State and ensure that all relevant taxes (including Delaware franchise taxes) and fees are paid, unless the Dissolution is abandoned by the Board prior to that time. The Effective Time of our Dissolution will be when the Certificate of Dissolution is filed with the office of the Secretary of State or such later date and time that is stated in the Certificate of Dissolution.

Survival Period

For three years after the Effective Time (or such longer period as the Delaware Court of Chancery may direct) (the “Survival Period”), we will continue as a body corporate for the purpose of prosecuting and defending lawsuits (civil, criminal or administrative) by or against us; settling and closing our business; disposing of and conveying our property; discharging our liabilities in accordance with the DGCL; and distributing our remaining assets to our stockholders. We will no longer engage in the development of treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases, except to the extent necessary to preserve the value of our assets and wind up our business affairs in accordance with our Plan of Dissolution. We anticipate that distributions, if any, to our stockholders will be made in cash, and may be made at any time, from time to time, in accordance with the DGCL.

General Liquidation, Winding Up and Distribution Process

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We intend to elect to follow the Alternative Procedures described under the section entitled “Proposal 1 - Approval of the Dissolution Pursuant to the Plan of Dissolution - Delaware Law Applicable to Our Dissolution - Alternative Procedures under DGCL Section 281(b)” beginning on page 18 of this proxy statement but our Board retains the discretion to opt to dissolve the Company in accordance with the Safe Harbor Procedures.

The Board intends to seek to distribute funds, if any, to our stockholders as quickly as possible, as permitted by the DGCL and the Plan of Dissolution, and intends to take all reasonable actions deemed advisable by the Board to optimize the distributable value to our stockholders.

Continuing Employees and Consultants

During the Survival Period, we may retain, hire, employ or contract with employees, consultants, agents, trustees, independent professional advisors (including legal counsel, accountants and financial advisors) and others, as the Board may determine, from time to time, to be necessary or advisable to effect the Dissolution as described in our Plan of Dissolution. The Board also expects that outside legal and financial advisors will continue to advise on and assist with the Dissolution.

After filing the Certificate of Dissolution, the Board expects it will maintain the size of the Board at three or fewer Board seats to save costs.

We may, in the absolute discretion of the Board, pay the Company’s directors, any employees it may hire, consultants, agents and other representatives, compensation or additional compensation above their regular compensation, including pursuant to severance and retention agreements, in money or other property, in recognition of the extraordinary efforts they will be required to undertake in connection with the implementation of the Plan of Dissolution; however, given the Company’s already streamlined operations, the Board does not expect to need to hire any employees or otherwise expand the team of advisors and consultants currently in place.

Sale, Exchange or Disposition of Our Remaining Assets

We have a broad portfolio of patents and patent applications, know how and other intellectual property that covers our self-amplifying RNA technology and our lipid nanoparticles. These patents and patent applications include claims related to our platforms, products, methods, manufacturing processes, and potential future products and developments, with expected expiring dates not earlier than between 2026 and 2043. The Plan of Dissolution contemplates the sale, exchange or other disposition of all of our remaining non-cash assets, including our intellectual property, if and at such time as the Board may approve, without further stockholder approval. The Plan of Dissolution does not specify the manner in which we may sell, exchange or dispose of our assets. Such transaction could take the form of sales or other dispositions of individual assets, sales or other dispositions of groups of assets organized by type of asset or otherwise, a single sale or other dispositions of all or substantially all of our assets, or some other form of one or more sales, exchanges or dispositions. The assets may be sold or disposed of to one or more acquirors in one or more transactions over a period of time. It is not anticipated that any further stockholder votes will be solicited with respect to the approval of the specific terms of any particular sales or other dispositions of assets approved by the Board. We do not anticipate amending or supplementing this proxy statement to reflect any such agreement or sale, unless required by applicable law, or selling any additional assets in the future. See the section entitled "Risk Factors - Risks Related to the Dissolution" beginning on page 9 of this proxy statement.

Costs and Expenses

We will pay all costs and expenses that may be determined from time to time to be necessary or advisable to effect the Dissolution in accordance with the Plan of Dissolution and as may be necessary or advisable to continue our existence and operations. These costs and expenses may include, without limitation, brokerage, agency, professional, consulting and other fees and expenses of persons rendering services to the Company in connection with the matters described in the Plan of Dissolution and costs incurred to comply with contracts to which the Company is a party.

Indemnification

We will continue to indemnify our officers and directors in accordance with, and to the extent required or permitted by, the DGCL, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, our Amended and Restated Bylaws and any contractual arrangements, whether these arrangements existed before the Dissolution or were entered into after the Dissolution. During the Survival Period, acts and omissions of any indemnified or insured

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person in connection with the implementation of the Plan of Dissolution will be covered to the same extent that they were covered before the effective time of the Dissolution. The Board is authorized to obtain and maintain insurance as may be necessary to cover the Company’s indemnification obligations, including seeking an extension in time and coverage of our insurance policies currently in effect.

Stockholder Approval

Authorization of the Dissolution by the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock of the Company entitled to vote thereon shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, constitute approval of all matters described in this proxy statement relating to the Dissolution, including our Plan of Dissolution.

Authorization of the Dissolution by the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock of the Company shall constitute the authorization of the sale, exchange or other disposition in liquidation of all of the remaining property and assets of the Company after the effective time of the Dissolution, whether the sale, exchange or other disposition occurs in one transaction or a series of transactions, and shall constitute approval and ratification of any and all contracts for sale, exchange or other disposition whether or not conditioned on stockholder approval.

Subsidiary

As part of the Dissolution, we may take actions with respect to our subsidiary, based on the advice and counsel of our legal and other advisors and in accordance with the requirements of the laws and charter documents governing such subsidiary, to liquidate, dissolve or otherwise wind up such subsidiary.

Legal Claims

We will defend any claims against us, our officers or directors or our subsidiaries, whether a claim exists before the Effective Time or is brought during the Survival Period, based on advice and counsel of our legal and other advisors and in such manner, at such time and with such costs and expenses as we or our Board may approve from time to time. During the Survival Period, we may continue to prosecute any claims that we had against others before the Effective Time and may institute any new claims against any person as may be determined to be necessary or advisable to protect the Company and its assets and rights or to implement the Plan of Dissolution. At our discretion, we may defend, prosecute or settle any lawsuits, as applicable.

Effective Time; Stock of the Company

The Effective Time will be the effective time of the Certificate of Dissolution as filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware.

From and after the Effective Time, and subject to applicable law, each holder of shares of our common stock shall cease to have any rights in respect of that stock, except the right to receive distributions, if any, pursuant to and in accordance with the Plan of Dissolution and the DGCL. After the Effective Time, our stock transfer records shall be closed, and we will not record or recognize any transfer of our common stock occurring after the Effective Time, except, in our sole discretion, such transfers occurring by will, intestate succession or operation of law as to which we have received adequate written notice. We expect the Effective Time to be as soon as reasonably practicable after the Dissolution is approved by our stockholders. No stockholder or beneficial owner shall have any appraisal rights in connection with our Dissolution and winding-up. It is anticipated that no further trading of our shares will occur after the Effective Time.

Unclaimed Distributions

If any distribution to a stockholder cannot be made, whether because the stockholder cannot be located, has not surrendered a certificate evidencing ownership of the Company’s common stock or provided other evidence of ownership as required in the Plan of Dissolution or by the Board or for any other reason, the distribution to which the stockholder is otherwise entitled will be transferred, at such time as the final liquidating distribution is made by us, or as soon as practicable after that distribution, to the official of such state or other jurisdiction authorized by applicable law to receive the proceeds of the distribution. The proceeds of such distribution will thereafter be held solely for the benefit of and for ultimate distribution to the stockholder as the sole equitable owner of the distribution and will be treated as abandoned property and escheat to the applicable state or other jurisdiction in accordance with applicable law. The proceeds of any such distribution will not revert to or become the property of us or any other stockholder.

Liquidating Trust

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While we do not currently propose transferring our assets to a liquidating trust, we may do so if deemed appropriate by our Board, based on advice of our legal, tax and accounting advisors. We may, for example, transfer assets to a liquidating trust if we are unable to complete the Dissolution within the initial three-years of the Survival Period.

Abandonment, Exceptions, Modifications, Clarifications and Amendments

Notwithstanding the authorization of the Dissolution by our stockholders as described in this proxy statement, our Board will have the right, as permitted by the DGCL, to abandon the Dissolution at any time before the Effective Time and terminate our Plan of Dissolution, without any action by our stockholders, if our Board determines that to do so is in the best interest of us and our stockholders. Without further action by our stockholders, our Board may, to the extent permitted by Delaware law, waive, modify or amend any part of our Plan of Dissolution, and may provide for exceptions to or clarifications of the terms of our Plan of Dissolution. After the Effective Time, revocation of the Dissolution would require stockholder approval under Delaware law.

Contingent Liabilities; Reserves

Under Delaware law, we are required, in connection with the Dissolution, to pay or make reasonable provision for payment of our liabilities and obligations. We will pay all of our expenses (including operating and wind-up expenses to be incurred throughout the Dissolution and wind-up process) and other known, non-contingent liabilities. We have used and anticipate continuing to use cash until the end of the Survival Period for a number of items, including, but not limited to, the following:

We will maintain a reserve, consisting of cash or other assets that we believe will be adequate for the satisfaction of all of our current unknown, contingent and/or conditional claims and liabilities. We may also take other steps to provide for the satisfaction of the reasonably estimated amount of such claims and liabilities, including acquiring insurance coverage with respect to certain claims and liabilities. We currently estimate that we will maintain a cash reserve in the range between approximately $0.2 million and $0.5 million of cash for expenses as well as unknown, contingent and/or conditional liabilities during the Survival Period.

The estimated amount of the reserve is based upon certain estimates and assumptions and a review of our estimated operating expenses and future estimated liabilities, including, without limitation, estimated operating costs, directors’ and officers’ insurance, legal, accounting and consulting fees and miscellaneous expenses, and accrued expenses reflected in our financial statements. There can be no assurance that the reserve will be sufficient. If any of our estimates regarding the expenses to be incurred in the liquidation process, including expenses of personnel required and other operating expenses (including legal, accounting and consulting fees) necessary to dissolve and liquidate the Company and the expenses to satisfy outstanding obligations, liabilities and claims during the liquidation process, are inaccurate, we may be required to increase the amount of the reserve. After the liabilities, expenses and obligations for which the reserve is established have been satisfied in full (or determined not to be owed), we will distribute to our stockholders any remaining portion of the reserve.

In the event we fail to create an adequate reserve for the payment of our expenses and liabilities and amounts have been distributed to the stockholders under the Plan of Dissolution, our creditors may be able to pursue claims against our stockholders directly to the extent that they have claims co-extensive with such stockholders’ receipt of liquidating distributions. See the section entitled “Risk Factors - Risk Factors Related to the Dissolution - Our stockholders may be liable to third parties for part or all of the amount received from us in our liquidating distributions if reserves are inadequate” beginning on page 10 of this proxy statement.

If we were held by a court to have failed to make adequate provision for our expenses and liabilities or if the amount required to be paid in respect of such liabilities exceeded the amount available from the reserve and any

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assets of the liquidating trust or trusts, a creditor of ours could seek an injunction against the making of liquidating distributions under the Plan of Dissolution on the grounds that the amounts to be distributed were needed to provide for the payment of our expenses and liabilities. Any such action could delay or substantially diminish the cash distributions to be made to stockholders under the Plan of Dissolution.

Reporting Requirements

Whether or not the Dissolution is approved, we will have an obligation to continue to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of the Exchange Act until we have exited from such reporting requirements. We plan to initiate steps to exit from certain reporting requirements under the Exchange Act. However, such process may be protracted and we may be required to continue to file Current Reports on Form 8-K to disclose material events, including those related to the Dissolution. Accordingly, we will continue to incur expenses that will reduce the amount available for distribution, including expenses of complying with public company reporting requirements and paying its service providers, among others.

Interests of Certain Persons in the Dissolution

After the Effective Time, we expect that our Board (or some subset thereof) and some of our officers will continue in their positions for the purpose of winding up our business and affairs. We expect to compensate these individuals at a level consistent with their compensation level prior to Effective Time.

On June 6, 2023, in connection with the approval by the Board of the Plan of Dissolution, the Board appointed Brian Shea, the Company's General Counsel and Secretary, as the Company's Interim Chief Executive Officer and President. In connection with his appointment, the Board approved an incentive entitling Mr. Shea to an additional six months of his base salary (the "Retention Bonus"), or approximately $130,000, payable on the earlier of (a) July 31, 2023 or (b) the approval of the Plan of Dissolution by the Company’s stockholders (such earlier date being referred to as the "Retention Date"). The Retention Bonus is payable to Mr. Shea provided that he remains actively employed with the Company through (and does not provide any notice of resignation prior to) the Retention Date. Termination of Mr. Shea’s employment with the Company for cause or in connection with the Company’s pursuit of bankruptcy protection or similar protection under applicable insolvency laws prior to the Retention Date shall constitute a complete forfeiture of the Retention Bonus by Mr. Shea.

See "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" for information regarding the number of shares of common stock owned by our directors and executive officers.

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws and the DGCL

During the Survival Period, we will continue to be governed by our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, insofar as their terms apply and insofar as necessary or appropriate to implement our Plan of Dissolution. Our Board will continue to have the authority to amend our Amended and Restated Bylaws as it may deem necessary or advisable. To any extent that the provisions of our Plan of Dissolution conflict with any provision of the DGCL, the provisions of the DGCL shall prevail.

Authority of the Board

Our Board, without further action by our stockholders, is authorized to take all actions as they deem necessary or advisable to implement our Plan of Dissolution. All determinations and decisions to be made by our Board will be at the absolute and sole discretion of our Board to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

CERTAIN MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PROPOSED DISSOLUTION

Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

The following discussion is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the proposed Dissolution to our common stockholders. The following discussion is based on the Code, its legislative history, the Treasury Regulations and published rulings and decisions, all as currently in effect as of the date of this proxy statement, and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. Tax considerations under state and local laws, federal laws other than those pertaining to income tax, or non-U.S. tax laws are not addressed in this proxy statement. The following discussion has no binding effect on the IRS or the courts. This discussion does not address all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to our stockholders in light of their

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individual circumstances. The discussion below does not address any U.S. federal income tax consequences to our stockholders who, for U.S. federal tax purposes, are subject to special rules, such as:

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of shares of common stock of the Company that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is:

If a partnership (or other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in that partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. HOLDERS OF OUR COMMON STOCK THAT ARE NOT U.S. HOLDERS, INCLUDING PARTNERSHIPS AND PARTNERS IN THOSE PARTNERSHIPS, SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE PROPOSED LIQUIDATION AND DISSOLUTION.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences to the Company

Until all of our remaining assets, if any, have been distributed to our stockholders or a liquidating trust and the liquidation is complete, we will continue to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our income, if any, such as interest income. We will recognize gain or loss, if any, upon the sale of any assets held directly by us in connection with our Dissolution in an amount equal to the difference between (1) the fair market value of the consideration received for each asset sold and (2) our adjusted tax basis in the asset sold. We may also recognize income from the liquidation and dissolution of our subsidiary that will occur as part of the proposed Dissolution. We should not recognize any gain or loss upon the distribution of cash to our stockholders as part of the proposed Dissolution. We currently do not anticipate making distributions of property other than cash to stockholders as part of the proposed Dissolution. If we do make a liquidating distribution to our stockholders of property other than cash, we generally will recognize gain or loss upon the distribution of the property as if the property were sold to our stockholders for

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its fair market value on the date of the distribution. Any tax liability resulting from the proposed Dissolution will reduce the cash available for distribution to our stockholders.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders

Stockholders that receive any distributions made by us pursuant to the Plan of Dissolution will be treated as receiving those amounts as full payment in exchange for their shares of common stock in the Company. A stockholder generally will recognize gain or loss on a share-by-share basis equal to the difference between (1) the sum of the amount of cash and the fair market value of property, if any, distributed to the stockholder with respect to each share (including distributions to any liquidating trust, as discussed below), less any known liabilities assumed by the stockholder or to which the distributed property (if any) is subject, and (2) the stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in each share of our common stock. A stockholder may determine gain or loss on a block-by-block basis if the stockholder holds blocks of our common stock (generally as a result of acquiring a block of common stock at the same time and at the same price). Each stockholder must allocate liquidating distributions proportionately to each share of common stock, or, if applicable, each block of common stock, held by the stockholder. Liquidating distributions are first applied against, and reduce, the stockholder’s adjusted tax basis with respect to a share or a block before recognizing any gain or loss. A stockholder will recognize gain to the extent the aggregate distributions allocated to the share of common stock or, if applicable, block of common stock exceeds the stockholder’s adjusted tax basis with respect to such share or such block. A stockholder will recognize loss only to the extent the stockholder has an adjusted tax basis with respect to a share or a block after taking into account all liquidating distributions allocated to the share or the block. Any loss can only be recognized in the tax year that a stockholder receives our final liquidating distribution.

Generally, gain or loss recognized by a stockholder in connection with the proposed Dissolution will be capital gain or loss, and will be long- term capital gain or loss if the stockholder has held a share or block for more than one year or short-term capital gain or loss if the stockholder has held the share or block for one year or less. Certain stockholders, including individuals, may qualify for preferential tax rates on long-term capital gains. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to certain limitations. While we do not anticipate distributing any contingent claims to our stockholders or a liquidating trust as part of the proposed Dissolution, amounts, if any, received by a stockholder upon the resolution of a contingent claim that has been distributed could be considered ordinary income rather than capital gain. Stockholders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of receiving a contingent claim as part of the proposed Dissolution.

If we effect the proposed Dissolution, we intend to provide stockholders and the IRS with statements indicating the amount of cash, and, as applicable, our best estimates of the fair market value of any other property, distributed to our stockholders (or transferred to the liquidating trust, as discussed below) at such time and in such manner as required by applicable Treasury Regulations.

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Backup Withholding

Distributions to any stockholder that fails to provide the appropriate certification in accordance with applicable Treasury Regulations generally will be reduced by backup withholding at the rate applicable at the time of the distributions. Backup withholding generally will not apply to payments made to certain exempt recipients, such as corporations. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts that are withheld under backup withholding rules may be refunded or credited against the stockholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that certain required information is furnished to the IRS in a timely manner. Stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of backup withholding in their particular circumstances.

THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES SUMMARIZED ABOVE ARE FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY. STOCKHOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE PARTICULAR CONSEQUENCES THAT MAY APPLY TO THEM.

Votes Required

The affirmative vote of holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock outstanding on the Record Date and entitled to vote on the Dissolution Proposal is required to approve the Dissolution Proposal. Abstentions, broker non-votes, and failures to vote will have the same effect as a vote “AGAINST” the Dissolution Proposal.

Board Recommendation

The Board recommends that the stockholders vote “FOR” the Dissolution Proposal to approve the Dissolution in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Plan of Dissolution.

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