UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-CSR
CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED MANAGEMENT
INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Investment Company Act file number: 811‑22426
Name of Fund: BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
Fund Address:  100 Bellevue Parkway, Wilmington, DE 19809
Name and address of agent for service: John M. Perlowski, Chief Executive Officer, BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust, 50 Hudson Yards, New York, NY 10001
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (800) 882‑0052, Option 4
Date of fiscal year end: 12/31/2023
Date of reporting period: 12/31/2023
Item 1 – Report to Stockholders
(a) The Report to Shareholders is attached herewith.
 
LOGO
  DECEMBER 31, 2023
 
 
   2023 Annual Report
 
 
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Not FDIC Insured • May Lose Value • No Bank Guarantee
Supplemental Information (unaudited)   
 
Section 19(a) Notices
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust’s (BBN) (the “Trust”) amounts and sources of distributions reported are estimates and are being provided pursuant to regulatory requirements and are not being provided for tax reporting purposes. The actual amounts and sources for tax reporting purposes will depend upon the Trust’s investment experience during the year and may be subject to changes based on tax regulations. The Trust will provide a Form 1099-DIV each calendar year that will tell you how to report these distributions for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
December 31, 2023
 
 
 
     
        
Total Cumulative Distributions
for the Fiscal Period
        
% Breakdown of the Total Cumulative
Distributions for the Fiscal Period
        
   
 
 
    
 
  
 
 
     
  Trust Name      
 Net
Income		  
 		     

 Net Realized
Capital Gains
Short-Term		  
 
 		     

 Net Realized
Capital Gains
Long-Term		  
 
 		     
 Return of
Capital		  
 (a) 		    

 Total Per
Common
Share		  
 
 		      
 Net
Income		  
 		    

 Net Realized
Capital Gains
Short-Term		  
 
 		    

 Net Realized
Capital Gains
Long-Term		  
 
 		    
 Return of
Capital		  
 		    
 Total Per  
Common  
Share  
  
 
 
   
 
 
     
 
BBN
   $  0.893570      $ —      $ —      $  0.271230     $  1.164800         77 %      — %      — %      23 %      100%     
 
 
     
 
  (a) 
The Trust estimates that it has distributed more than its net income and net realized capital gains; therefore, a portion of the distribution may be a return of capital. A return of capital may occur, for example, when some or all of the shareholder’s investment in the Trust is returned to the shareholder. A return of capital does not necessarily reflect the Trust’s investment performance and should not be confused with “yield” or “income.” When distributions exceed total return performance, the difference will reduce the Trust’s net asset value per share.
 
Section 19(a) notices for the Trust, as applicable, are available on the BlackRock website at blackrock.com.
Managed Distribution Plan
The Trust, with the approval of its Board of Trustees (the “Board”), has adopted a managed distribution plan, consistent with its investment objectives and policies, to support a level distribution of income, capital gains and/or return of capital (the “Plan”). In accordance with the Plan, the Trust currently distributes a fixed amount of $0.092900 per share on a monthly basis.
The fixed amount distributed per share is subject to change at the discretion of the Trust’s Board. The Trust is currently not relying on any exemptive relief from Section 19(b) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Under its Plan, the Trust will distribute all available investment income to its shareholders as required by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). If sufficient income (inclusive of net investment income and short-term capital gains) is not earned on a monthly basis, the Trust will distribute long-term capital gains and/or return of capital to shareholders in order to maintain a level distribution. Each monthly distribution to shareholders is expected to be at the fixed amount established by the Board; however, the Trust may make additional distributions from time to time, including additional capital gain distributions at the end of the taxable year, if required to meet requirements imposed by the Code and/or the 1940 Act.
Shareholders should not draw any conclusions about the Trust’s investment performance from the amount of these distributions or from the terms of the Plan. The Trust’s total return performance is presented in its financial highlights table.
The Board may amend, suspend or terminate the Trust’s Plan at any time without prior notice to the Trust’s shareholders if it deems such actions to be in the best interests of the Trust or its shareholders. The suspension or termination of the Plan could have the effect of creating a trading discount (if the Trust’s stock is trading at or above net asset value) or widening an existing trading discount. The Trust is subject to risks that could have an adverse impact on its ability to maintain level distributions. Examples of potential risks include, but are not limited to, economic downturns impacting the markets, changes in interest rates, decreased market volatility, companies suspending or decreasing corporate dividend distributions and changes in the Code. Please refer to the Trust’s prospectus for a more complete description of the Trust’s risks.
 
 
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2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
The Markets in Review
Dear Shareholder,
The combination of continued economic growth and cooling inflation provided a supportive backdrop for investors during the 12-month reporting period ended December 31, 2023. Significantly tighter monetary policy helped to rein in inflation, and the Consumer Price Index decelerated substantially in the first half of the year before stalling between 3% and 4% in the second half. A moderating labor market helped ease inflationary pressure, although wages continued to grow. Wage and job growth powered robust consumer spending, backstopping the economy. On October 7, 2023, Hamas launched a horrific attack on Israel. The ensuing war will have a significant humanitarian impact and could lead to heightened economic and market volatility. We see geopolitics as a structural market risk going forward. See our geopolitical risk dashboard at blackrock.com for more details.
Equity returns were robust during the period, as interest rates stabilized and the economy proved to be more resilient than many investors expected. The U.S. economy continued to show strength, and growth further accelerated in the third quarter of 2023. Large-capitalization U.S. stocks posted particularly substantial gains, supported by the performance of a few notable technology companies and small-capitalization U.S. stocks also advanced. Meanwhile, international developed market equities and emerging market stocks posted solid gains.
The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield ended 2023 where it began despite an eventful year that saw significant moves in bond markets. Overall, U.S. Treasuries gained as investors began to anticipate looser financial conditions. The corporate bond market benefited from improving economic sentiment, although high-yield corporate bond prices fared significantly better than investment-grade bonds as demand from yield-seeking investors remained strong.
The U.S. Federal Reserve (the “Fed”), attempting to manage persistent inflation, raised interest rates four times during the 12-month period, but paused its tightening in the second half of the period. The Fed also wound down its bond-buying programs and incrementally reduced its balance sheet by not replacing securities that reach maturity.
Supply constraints appear to have become an embedded feature of the new macroeconomic environment, making it difficult for developed economies to increase production without sparking higher inflation. Geopolitical fragmentation and an aging population risk further exacerbating these constraints, keeping the labor market tight and wage growth high. Although the Fed has stopped tightening for now, we believe that the new economic regime means that the Fed will need to maintain high rates for an extended period despite the market’s hopes for interest rate cuts, as reflected in the recent rally. In this new regime, we anticipate greater volatility and dispersion of returns, creating more opportunities for selective portfolio management.
We believe developed market equities have priced in an optimistic scenario for rate cuts, which we view as premature, so we prefer an underweight stance in the near term. Nevertheless, we are overweight on Japanese stocks as shareholder-friendly policies generate increased investor interest. We also believe that stocks with an AI tilt should benefit from an investment cycle that is set to support revenues and margins. In credit, there are selective opportunities in the near term despite tighter credit and financial conditions. For fixed income investing with a six-to twelve-month horizon, we see the most attractive investments in short-term U.S. Treasuries, U.S. mortgage-backed securities, and hard-currency emerging market bonds.
Overall, our view is that investors need to think globally, position themselves to be prepared for a decarbonizing economy, and be nimble as market conditions change. We encourage you to talk with your financial advisor and visit blackrock.com for further insight about investing in today’s markets.
Sincerely,
 
LOGO
Rob Kapito
President, BlackRock Advisors, LLC
LOGO
Rob Kapito
President, BlackRock Advisors, LLC
 
Total Returns as of December 31, 2023
 
  
      6-Month       12-Month   
   
U.S. large cap equities
(S&P 500® Index)
     8.04%       26.29%  
   
U.S. small cap equities
(Russell 2000® Index)
     8.18          16.93    
   
International equities
(MSCI Europe, Australasia, Far East Index)
     5.88          18.24    
   
Emerging market equities
(MSCI Emerging Markets Index)
     4.71          9.83    
   
3-month Treasury bills
(ICE BofA 3-Month U.S. Treasury Bill Index)
     2.70          5.02    
   
U.S. Treasury securities
(ICE BofA 10-Year U.S. Treasury Index)
     1.11          2.83    
   
U.S. investment grade bonds
(Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index)
     3.37          5.53    
   
Tax-exempt municipal bonds
(Bloomberg Municipal Bond Index)
     3.63          6.40    
   
U.S. high yield bonds (Bloomberg U.S. Corporate High Yield 2% Issuer Capped Index)
     7.65          13.44    
Past performance is not an indication of future results. Index performance is shown for illustrative purposes only. You cannot invest directly in an index.
 
 
 
 
T H I S  P A G E  I S  N O T  P A R T  O F  Y O U R  F U N D  R E P O R T
   3
Table of Contents
 
 
      Page  
     2  
     3  
Annual Report:
   
     5  
     5  
     6  
Financial Statements:
   
     10  
     17  
     18  
     19  
     20  
     21  
     22  
     28  
     29  
     30  
     36  
     39  
     40  
     44  
     47  
 
 
4    
The Benefits and Risks of Leveraging
 
 
The Trust may utilize leverage to seek to enhance the distribution rate on, and net asset value (“NAV”) of, its common shares (“Common Shares”). However, there is no guarantee that these objectives can be achieved in all interest rate environments.
In general, the concept of leveraging is based on the premise that the financing cost of leverage, which is based on short-term interest rates, is normally lower than the income earned by the Trust on its longer-term portfolio investments purchased with the proceeds from leverage. To the extent that the total assets of the Trust (including the assets obtained from leverage) are invested in higher-yielding portfolio investments, the Trust’s shareholders benefit from the incremental net income. The interest earned on securities purchased with the proceeds from leverage (after paying the leverage costs) is paid to shareholders in the form of dividends, and the value of these portfolio holdings (less the leverage liability) is reflected in the per share NAV.
To illustrate these concepts, assume the Trust’s capitalization is $100 million and it utilizes leverage for an additional $30 million, creating a total value of $130 million available for investment in longer-term income securities. If prevailing short-term interest rates are 3% and longer-term interest rates are 6%, the yield curve has a strongly positive slope. In this case, the Trust’s financing costs on the $30 million of proceeds obtained from leverage are based on the lower short-term interest rates. At the same time, the securities purchased by the Trust with the proceeds from leverage earn income based on longer-term interest rates. In this case, the Trust’s financing cost of leverage is significantly lower than the income earned on the Trust’s longer-term investments acquired from such leverage proceeds, and therefore the holders of Common Shares (“Common Shareholders”) are the beneficiaries of the incremental net income.
However, in order to benefit shareholders, the return on assets purchased with leverage proceeds must exceed the ongoing costs associated with the leverage. If interest and other costs of leverage exceed the Trust’s return on assets purchased with leverage proceeds, income to shareholders is lower than if the Trust had not used leverage. Furthermore, the value of the Trust’s portfolio investments generally varies inversely with the direction of long-term interest rates, although other factors can influence the value of portfolio investments. In contrast, the amount of the Trust’s obligations under its leverage arrangement generally does not fluctuate in relation to interest rates. As a result, changes in interest rates can influence the Trust’s NAV positively or negatively. Changes in the future direction of interest rates are very difficult to predict accurately, and there is no assurance that the Trust’s intended leveraging strategy will be successful.
The use of leverage also generally causes greater changes in the Trust’s NAV, market price and dividend rates than comparable portfolios without leverage. In a declining market, leverage is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV and market price of the Trust’s shares than if the Trust were not leveraged. In addition, the Trust may be required to sell portfolio securities at inopportune times or at distressed values in order to comply with regulatory requirements applicable to the use of leverage or as required by the terms of leverage instruments, which may cause the Trust to incur losses. The use of leverage may limit the Trust’s ability to invest in certain types of securities or use certain types of hedging strategies. The Trust incurs expenses in connection with the use of leverage, all of which are borne by shareholders and may reduce income to the shareholders. Moreover, to the extent the calculation of the Trust’s investment advisory fees includes assets purchased with the proceeds of leverage, the investment advisory fees payable to the Trust’s investment adviser will be higher than if the Trust did not use leverage.
The Trust may utilize leverage through reverse repurchase agreements as described in the Notes to Financial Statements, if applicable.
Under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), the Trust is permitted to borrow money (including through the use of TOB Trusts) or issue debt securities up to 33 1/3% of its total managed assets. The Trust may voluntarily elect to limit its leverage to less than the maximum amount permitted under the 1940 Act.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Trust may invest in various derivative financial instruments. These instruments are used to obtain exposure to a security, commodity, index, market, and/or other assets without owning or taking physical custody of securities, commodities and/or other referenced assets or to manage market, equity, credit, interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, commodity and/or other risks. Derivative financial instruments may give rise to a form of economic leverage and involve risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of a derivative financial instrument and the underlying asset, possible default of the counterparty to the transaction or illiquidity of the instrument. Pursuant to Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act, among other things, the Trust must either use derivative financial instruments with embedded leverage in a limited manner or comply with an outer limit on fund leverage risk based on value-at-risk. The Trust’s successful use of a derivative financial instrument depends on the investment adviser’s ability to predict pertinent market movements accurately, which cannot be assured. The use of these instruments may result in losses greater than if they had not been used, may limit the amount of appreciation the Trust can realize on an investment and/or may result in lower distributions paid to shareholders. The Trust’s investments in these instruments, if any, are discussed in detail in the Notes to Financial Statements.
 
 
T H E  B E N E F I T S  A N D  R I S K S  O F  L E V E R A G I N G  /  D E R I V A T I V E  F I N A N C I A L  I N S T R U M E N T S
   5
Trust Summary as of December 31, 2023
 
    BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
 
Investment Objective
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust’s (BBN) (the “Trust”) primary investment objective is to seek high current income, with a secondary objective of capital appreciation. The Trust seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in a portfolio of taxable municipal securities, including Build America Bonds (“BABs”), issued by state and local governments to finance capital projects such as public schools, roads, transportation infrastructure, bridges, ports and public buildings.
The Trust originally sought to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in a portfolio of BABs, which are taxable municipal securities issued pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Given the uncertainty around the BABs program at the time of the Trust’s launch in 2010, the Trust’s initial public offering prospectus included a Contingent Review Provision. For any 24-month period, if there were no new issuances of BABs or other analogous taxable municipal securities, the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) would undertake an evaluation of potential actions with respect to the Trust. Under the Contingent Review Provision, such potential action may include changes to the Trust’s non-fundamental investment policies to broaden its primary investment focus to include taxable municipal securities generally. The BABs program expired on December 31, 2010 and was not renewed. Accordingly, there have been no new issuances of BABs since that date.
Pursuant to the Contingent Review Provision, on June 12, 2015, the Board approved a proposal to amend the Trust’s investment policy from “Under normal market conditions, the Trust invests at least 80% of its managed assets in BABs” to “Under normal market conditions, the Trust invests at least 80% of its managed assets in taxable municipal securities, which include BABs”, and to change the name of the Trust from “BlackRock Build America Bond Trust” to “BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust.” These changes became effective on August 25, 2015.
The Trust continues to maintain its other investment policies, including its ability to invest up to 20% of its managed assets in securities other than taxable municipal securities. Such other securities may include tax-exempt securities, U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities and corporate bonds issued by issuers that have, in BlackRock Advisors, LLC’s (the “Manager”) view, typically been associated with or sold in the municipal market. Bonds issued by private universities and hospitals, or bonds sold to finance military housing developments are examples of such securities. The Trust also continues to invest at least 80% of its managed assets in securities that at the time of purchase are investment grade quality.
As used herein, “managed assets” means the total assets of the Trust (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Trust’s accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes).
As of December 31, 2023, 55% of the Trust’s portfolio is composed of BABs. Like other taxable municipal securities, interest received on BABs is subject to U.S. tax and may be subject to state income tax. Issuers of direct pay BABs, however, are eligible to receive a subsidy from the U.S. Treasury of up to 35% of the interest paid on the BABs. This allowed such issuers to issue bonds that pay interest rates that were expected to be competitive with the rates typically paid by private bond issuers in the taxable fixed income market. While the U.S. Treasury subsidizes the interest paid on BABs, it does not guarantee the principal or interest payments on BABs, and there is no guarantee that the U.S. Treasury will not reduce or eliminate the subsidy for BABs in the future. Any interruption, delay, reduction and/or offset of the reimbursement from the U.S. Treasury may reduce the demand for direct pay BABs and/or potentially trigger extraordinary call features of the BABs. As of the date of this report, the subsidy that issuers of direct pay BABs receive from the U.S. Treasury has been reduced from its original level as the result of budgetary sequestration. The extraordinary call features of some BABs permit early redemption at par value, and the reduction in the subsidy issuers of direct pay BABs receive from the U.S. Treasury has resulted, and may continue to result, in early redemptions of some BABs at par value. Such early redemptions at par value may result in a potential loss in value for investors of such BABs, who may have purchased the securities at prices above par, and may require such investors to reinvest redemption proceeds in lower-yielding securities. As of the date of this report, the Trust did not own any BABs subject to a par value extraordinary call feature. Additionally, many BABs also have more typical call provisions that permit early redemption at a stated spread to an applicable prevailing U.S. Treasury rate. Early redemptions in accordance with these call provisions may likewise result in potential losses for the Trust and give rise to reinvestment risk, which could reduce the Trust’s income and distributions.
No assurance can be given that the Trust’s investment objective will be achieved.
Trust Information
 
   
Symbol on New York Stock Exchange
   BBN
Initial Offering Date
    August 27, 2010 
Current Distribution Rate on Closing Market Price as of December 31, 2023 ($16.26)(a)
   6.86%
Current Monthly Distribution per Common Share(b)
   $0.092900
Current Annualized Distribution per Common Share(b)
   $1.114800
Leverage as of December 31, 2023(c)
   31%
 
  (a) 
Current distribution rate on closing market price is calculated by dividing the current annualized distribution per share by the closing market price. The current distribution rate may consist of income, net realized gains and/or a return of capital. Past performance is not an indication of future results.
 
  (b) 
The distribution rate is not constant and is subject to change. A portion of the distribution may be deemed a return of capital or net realized gain.
 
  (c) 
Represents reverse repurchase agreements as a percentage of total managed assets, which is the total assets of the Trust (including any assets attributable to any borrowings) minus the sum of its liabilities (other than borrowings representing financial leverage). Does not reflect derivatives or other instruments that may give rise to economic leverage. For a discussion of leveraging techniques utilized by the Trust, please see The Benefits and Risks of Leveraging and Derivative Financial Instruments.
 
 
 
6  
2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
Trust Summary as of December 31, 2023 (continued)
 
    BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
 
Taxable Municipal Bond Overview
Taxable municipal bonds typically trade at a spread (or additional yield) relative to U.S. Treasury bonds with similar maturities. During the performance period, yields on Treasury bonds; declined at the two-year and five-year spots of the yield curve, were unchanged at the ten-year spot and increased slightly at the thirty-year point. In other words, the yield curve steepened. However, during the reporting period there was tremendous volatility in the rate market which initially experienced rates rising sharply before rallying back towards the end of the performance period. With this mixed interest rate environment, the Bloomberg Taxable Municipal Bond Index gained 8.84% for the 12-month period ended December 31, 2023.
Spreads on taxable municipals bonds ended the period decidedly tighter at this broad index level which contributed the bulk of positive performance (Prices increase as spreads tighten). Spreads of taxable municipal bonds tend to follow those of corporate investment grade bond spreads, although usually with more muted volatility. Spreads of corporate investment grade paper also tightened during the performance while exhibiting greater volatility. Taxable municipal valuations ended the reporting period within a normal range when compared to corporate investment-grade bonds. However, the overall level of spreads are at relatively stretched levels.
Demand for fixed-income investments and taxable municipals in particular was strong during the period, given a number of factors, which drove spreads tighter. The absolute level of interest rates, especially when they were at their highs during the performance period, led investors to try and lock-in those yield levels with distinct interest for the longest maturity areas as those all-in yield levels had not been available for several years. Taxable municipals benefitted in that the asset class has a longer duration and maturity structure than other parts of the fixed-income market. Further, new supply of taxable municipals was low during the period. Issuers were both reluctant to issue at the higher yield levels and did not have the budgetary need to issue which can largely be attributed to the lasting impact of Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lastly, the prior driver of new taxable municipal issue supply being re-financing for interest rate savings did not work at these higher all-in yield levels.
Fundamental credit trends remained solid in the municipal sector as the asset class experienced more credit upgrades than downgrades. Aid from the Federal government, low but positive growth in revenues and solid budgetary controls all contributed to this robust status. In addition to the previously mentioned positive aspects, the taxable municipal market also witnessed a new positive technical factor during the period whereby the issuers of taxable municipal debt tendered to repurchase it from investors at above market prices. The mechanics of the tenders involved the issuers being able to qualify to issue tax-exempt debt (at lower yields) to fund the tender of the taxable municipal debt. Not only were investors able to take advantage of attractive tender levels but this dynamic also assisted the overall market in that this provided capital to be re-invested in the asset class. Finally, lower realized inflation levels and the Fed coming to the conclusion of its tightening cycle provided solace to fixed-income investors which contributed to the positive investing environment.
Market Price and Net Asset Value Per Share Summary
 
     12/31/23        12/31/22        Change      High        Low  
Closing Market Price
   $ 16.26        $ 16.84          (3.44 )%     $  18.30        $  14.43  
Net Asset Value
     18.07          17.30          4.45        18.75          15.84  
 
LOGO
 
  (a) 
Represents the Trust’s closing market price on the NYSE and reflects the reinvestment of dividends and/or distributions at actual reinvestment prices.
 
  (b) 
An index that is a flagship measure of the taxable municipal bond market over 1 year to maturity. To be included in the index, bonds must be rated investment-grade (Baa3/BBB- or higher) by at least two of the following ratings agencies if all three rate the bond: Moody’s, S&P, Fitch.
 
 
 
T R U S T  S U M M A R Y
   7
Trust Summary as of December 31, 2023 (continued)
 
    BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
 
Performance
Returns for the period ended December 31, 2023 were as follows:
 
       Average Annual Total Returns  
    
 
 
  
         1 Year        5 Years        10 Years  
Trust at NAV(a)(b)
        12.04 %       1.89 %       5.52 % 
Trust at Market Price(a)(b)
        3.57        1.07        5.15  
Bloomberg Taxable Municipal Bond Index
        8.84        2.01        3.95  
 
  (a) 
All returns reflect reinvestment of dividends and/or distributions at actual reinvestment prices. Performance results reflect the Trust’s use of leverage, if any.
 
  (b) 
The Trust’s discount to NAV widened during the period, which accounts for the difference between performance based on market price and performance based on NAV.
 
Performance results may include adjustments made for financial reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Past performance is not an indication of future results.
The Trust is presenting the performance of one or more indices for informational purposes only. The Trust is actively managed and does not seek to track or replicate the performance of any index. The index performance shown is not intended to be indicative of the Trust’s investment strategies, portfolio components or past or future performance.
More information about the Trust’s historical performance can be found in the “Closed-End Funds” section of blackrock.com.
The following discussion relates to the Trust’s absolute performance based on NAV:
What factors influenced performance?
The tightening of yield spreads across the taxable municipal bond space benefited the Trust’s absolute return. Holdings in longer-duration and longer-maturity bonds contributed due to the the tightening in this area being most pronounced. Positions in lower-rated bonds within the investment-grade space further contributed, as this category outperformed. The Trust used U.S. Treasury futures to manage interest rate risk, which contributed to performance. On the other hand, the Trust’s use of leverage became less beneficial at a time in which rising short-term rates increased the cost of financing.
The Trust’s practice of maintaining a specified level of monthly distributions to shareholders did not have a material impact on the Trust’s investment strategy. The distribution policy resulted in return of capital for the period. Refer to the financial highlights and income tax information sections in this report for further information about the distributions.
Describe recent portfolio activity.
The Trust’s duration shifted significantly lower over most of 2023 before rising late in the reporting period to finish roughly where it began. The Trust decreased its position in bonds in the 25- to 30-year range while increasing its weightings in the 10- to 12-year and 15- to 18-year ranges. In terms of credit quality, the Trust increased its weighting in AA rated issues and lowered its allocation to those rated BBB. The Trust added to the housing sector, as it was one of the few areas that saw meaningful new issuance.
Describe portfolio positioning at period end.
The Trust’s duration was below the benchmark. The Trust remained overweight in lower-credit quality securities (those rated A and below) but to a lesser extent than it was at the beginning of the year. Additionally, the Trust was overweight in longer-maturity municipal bonds (15 years and longer) and underweight in shorter-dated debt. The Trust was overweight in the tobacco and utilities sectors and underweight in state tax-backed bonds and school districts.
The views expressed reflect the opinions of BlackRock as of the date of this report and are subject to change based on changes in market, economic or other conditions. These views are not intended to be a forecast of future events and are no guarantee of future results.
 
 
8  
2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
Trust Summary as of December 31, 2023 (continued)
 
    BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
 
Overview of the Trust’s Total Investments
 
SECTOR ALLOCATION
 
  
   
Sector(a)(b)   Percentage of
Total Investments		  
County/City/Special District/School District
     22.3 % 
Utilities
     17.6  
State
     14.7  
Transportation
     14.7  
Education
     13.7  
Tobacco
     6.4  
Corporate
     2.6  
Housing
     2.4  
Diversified Consumer Services
     2.3  
Health Care Providers & Services
     1.2  
Health
     1.0  
Other*
     1.1  
 
CALL/MATURITY SCHEDULE
 
  
   
Calendar Year Ended December 31,(a)(c)   Percentage  
2024
     1.8 % 
2025
     2.2  
2026
     0.2  
2027
     1.5  
2028
     2.8  
CREDIT QUALITY ALLOCATION
 
  
   
Credit Rating(a)(d)   Percentage of
Total Investments		  
AAA/Aaa
     4.4 % 
AA/Aa
     44.8  
A
     31.6  
BBB/Baa
     9.9  
BB/Ba
     2.4  
B
     1.6  
CCC/Caa
     — (e) 
N/R(f)
     5.3  
 
 
(a) 
Excludes short-term securities.
 
(b) 
For Trust compliance purposes, the Trust’s sector classifications refer to one or more of the sector sub-classifications used by one or more widely recognized market indexes or rating group indexes, and/or as defined by the investment adviser. These definitions may not apply for purposes of this report, which may combine such sector sub-classifications for reporting ease.
 
(c) 
Scheduled maturity dates and/or bonds that are subject to potential calls by issuers over the next five years.
 
(d) 
For financial reporting purposes, credit quality ratings shown above reflect the highest rating assigned by either S&P Global Ratings or Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. if ratings differ. These rating agencies are independent, nationally recognized statistical rating organizations and are widely used. Investment grade ratings are credit ratings of BBB/Baa or higher. Below investment grade ratings are credit ratings of BB/Ba or lower. Investments designated N/R are not rated by either rating agency. Unrated investments do not necessarily indicate low credit quality. Credit quality ratings are subject to change.
 
(e) 
Rounds to less than 0.1% of total investments.
 
(f) 
The investment adviser evaluates the credit quality of unrated investments based upon certain factors including, but not limited to, credit ratings for similar investments and financial analysis of sectors and individual investments. Using this approach, the investment adviser has deemed certain of these unrated securities as investment grade quality. As of December 31, 2023, the market value of unrated securities deemed by the investment adviser to be investment grade represents less than 1.0% of the Trust’s total investments.
 
*
Includes one or more investment categories that individually represents less than 1.0% of the Trust’s total investments. Please refer to the Schedule of Investments for details.
 
 
 
T R U S T  S U M M A R Y
   9
Schedule of Investments
December 31, 2023
   
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
(Percentages shown are based on Net Assets)
 
Security  
Par
(000)
     Value  
Corporate Bonds
    
Diversified Consumer Services — 3.3%            
Grand Canyon University, 5.13%, 10/01/28
     $    9,377     $     8,384,538  
Massachusetts Higher Education Assistance Corp., Series 2021, 2.67%, 07/01/31
     2,500       2,064,731  
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Series 2018, 5.25%, 09/01/48
     18,190       16,587,188  
Wesleyan University, 4.78%, 07/01/2116(a)
     11,000       9,364,095  
   
 
 
  
      36,400,552  
Financial Services — 0.2%            
Western Group Housing LP, 6.75%, 03/15/57(b)
     2,398       2,579,039  
   
 
 
  
Health Care Providers & Services — 1.6%            
Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 5.90%, 05/15/45(a)
     5,000       5,075,873  
West Virginia United Health System Obligated Group, Series 2018, 4.92%, 06/01/48
     15,000       13,327,467  
   
 
 
  
      18,403,340  
Real Estate Management & Development — 0.7%  
Bridge Housing Corp., 3.25%, 07/15/30
     8,920       7,593,184  
   
 
 
  
Total Corporate Bonds — 5.8%
(Cost: $73,163,747)
       64,976,115  
   
 
 
  
Municipal Bonds
    
Alabama — 0.1%            
Jacksonville Public Educational Building Authority, RB, (AGM), 7.00%, 08/01/46
     1,365       1,480,362  
   
 
 
  
Arizona — 2.2%            
Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement & Power District, RB, BAB, 4.84%, 01/01/41(a)
     24,545       24,284,138  
   
 
 
  
Arkansas — 0.7%            
Arkansas Development Finance Authority, RB, 12.00%, 07/01/48(b)
     7,400       7,892,764  
   
 
 
  
California — 26.5%            
Alameda Corridor Transportation Authority, Refunding RB, CAB, Series B, Senior Lien, 0.00%, 10/01/42(c)
     5,000       1,559,571  
Alameda County Joint Powers Authority, RB, BAB, Series A, 7.05%, 12/01/44
     11,000       13,340,423  
Bay Area Toll Authority, RB, BAB
    
Series S-1, 6.92%, 04/01/40
     13,700       16,243,880  
Series S-3, 6.91%, 10/01/50(a)
     14,000       17,632,162  
California Infrastructure & Economic Development Bank, RB, 5.50%, 01/01/38(b)
     4,800       3,924,967  
California State Public Works Board, RB, BAB, Series G-2, 8.36%, 10/01/34
     17,050       21,065,753  
California State University, Refunding RB, Series B, 2.80%, 11/01/41
     5,000       3,734,632  
City of Chula Vista California, RB, 2.40%, 06/01/36
     1,275       948,964  
City of Huntington Beach California, Refunding RB
    
3.28%, 06/15/40(a)
     6,000       4,753,533  
3.38%, 06/15/44
     1,500       1,122,512  
City of Orange California, RB, (BAM), 3.12%, 06/01/44
     2,000       1,449,467  
City of San Francisco California Public Utilities Commission Water Revenue, RB, BAB, Series DE, 6.00%, 11/01/40(a)
     21,255       22,602,694  
County of Sonoma California, Refunding RB, Series A, 6.00%, 12/01/29(a)
     10,420       10,885,359  
Security  
Par
(000)
     Value  
California (continued)            
Golden State Tobacco Securitization Corp., Refunding RB
    
(SAP), 3.12%, 06/01/38
     $   11,410     $     9,173,243  
Series A-1, 4.21%, 06/01/50
     35,775       27,018,949  
Imperial Irrigation District, RB, (AMBAC), 6.94%, 01/01/26
     1,115       1,145,568  
Los Angeles Community College District, GO, BAB, 6.60%, 08/01/42
     10,000       11,756,937  
Orange County Local Transportation Authority Sales Tax Revenue, Refunding RB, BAB, Series A, 6.91%, 02/15/41
     5,000       5,724,980  
San Diego County Regional Airport Authority, ARB, Series B, 5.59%, 07/01/43
     3,795       3,778,910  
San Joaquin Hills Transportation Corridor Agency, Refunding RB, Series B, (AGM), 3.49%, 01/15/50
     7,200       5,490,153  
State of California, GO, BAB
    
7.55%, 04/01/39(a)
     9,035       11,380,136  
7.35%, 11/01/39
     5,000       6,058,755  
7.63%, 03/01/40
     8,950       11,252,598  
7.60%, 11/01/40(a)
     15,000       19,247,154  
State of California, Refunding GO, 5.13%, 03/01/38
     10,010       10,052,402  
University of California, RB, BAB
    
5.95%, 05/15/45(a)
     24,000       26,342,906  
6.30%, 05/15/50
     27,010       28,575,398  
   
 
 
  
      296,262,006  
Colorado — 3.9%            
Colorado Health Facilities Authority, Refunding RB, Series B, 4.48%, 12/01/40
     9,485       8,061,943  
Denver City & County School District No. 1, Refunding COP, Series B, 7.02%, 12/15/37
     6,000       6,917,005  
Regional Transportation District, COP, BAB, Series B, 7.67%, 06/01/40(a)
     23,000       28,156,582  
   
 
 
  
      43,135,530  
Connecticut — 0.3%            
Connecticut State Health & Educational Facilities Authority, Refunding RB, Series
G-2, 4.25%, 07/01/27(b)
     3,935       3,820,975  
   
 
 
  
District of Columbia — 1.8%            
Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority Dulles Toll Road Revenue, ARB, BAB,
Series D, 8.00%, 10/01/47(a)
     10,750       14,183,742  
Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority Dulles Toll Road Revenue, RB, BAB, 7.46%, 10/01/46
     5,000       6,348,722  
   
 
 
  
      20,532,464  
Florida — 3.5%            
Capital Trust Agency, Inc., RB(b)
    
5.00%, 01/01/25
     175       174,360  
5.50%, 06/15/26
     445       434,460  
County of Miami-Dade Seaport Department, ARB, 6.22%, 11/01/55
     3,295       3,499,026  
Excelsior Academies, Inc., RB, Series C, 5.25%, 11/01/25
     195       192,935  
Florida Development Finance Corp., RB(b) 6.75%, 12/15/28
     690       701,017  
Class B, 5.00%, 06/15/25
     285       279,651  
Series B, 5.75%, 06/15/25
     505       493,502  
Series D, 5.75%, 12/15/26
     650       633,860  
 
 
 
10  
2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
   
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
(Percentages shown are based on Net Assets)
 
Security  
Par
(000)
     Value  
Florida (continued)            
Florida Development Finance Corp., Refunding RB, Series B, 4.11%, 04/01/50
     $   10,000     $     8,036,513  
Miami-Dade County Educational Facilities Authority, Refunding RB, Series B, 5.07%, 04/01/50
     12,250       11,815,407  
Miami-Dade County Industrial Development Authority, RB, 5.25%, 11/01/25
     70       69,245  
Village Center Community Development District, Refunding RB, 5.02%, 11/01/36
     13,500       13,096,314  
   
 
 
  
      39,426,290  
Georgia — 5.8%            
East Point Business & Industrial Development Authority, RB, Series B, 5.25%, 06/15/31(b)
     860       855,478  
Municipal Electric Authority of Georgia, Refunding RB, BAB
    
6.64%, 04/01/57
     25,750       29,469,805  
6.66%, 04/01/57
     20,800       24,234,033  
7.06%, 04/01/57
     9,535       10,634,839  
   
 
 
  
      65,194,155  
Hawaii — 0.7%            
State of Hawaii, GO, Series GK, 6.05%, 10/01/36
     5,000       5,431,351  
State of Hawaii, Refunding GO, Series GC, 2.37%, 10/01/35
     2,500       1,960,982  
   
 
 
  
      7,392,333  
Idaho — 1.5%            
Idaho Housing & Finance Association, RB
    
Series B, 4.75%, 06/15/29(b)
     235       220,738  
Series B, 7.15%, 06/15/31
     545       504,786  
Idaho Housing & Finance Association, RB, S/F Housing, (FHLMC, FNMA, GNMA), 6.06%, 01/01/44
     15,000       15,532,152  
   
 
 
  
      16,257,676  
Illinois — 15.4%            
Chicago Board of Education, GO, BAB
    
6.04%, 12/01/29
     10,435       10,364,579  
6.14%, 12/01/39
     370       352,268  
6.52%, 12/01/40
     9,745       9,624,518  
Chicago O’Hare International Airport, Refunding ARB, BAB, Series B, 6.40%, 01/01/40
     1,500       1,719,517  
Chicago Transit Authority Sales & Transfer Tax Receipts Revenue, RB
    
Series A, 6.90%, 12/01/40
     3,965       4,503,791  
Series B, 6.90%, 12/01/40
     4,623       5,244,701  
Chicago Transit Authority Sales Tax Receipts Fund, RB, BAB, Series B, 6.20%, 12/01/40(a)
     16,015       17,440,053  
City of Chicago Illinois Wastewater Transmission Revenue, RB, BAB,
Series B, 2nd Lien, 6.90%, 01/01/40
     36,000       39,673,930  
City of Chicago Illinois Waterworks Revenue, RB, BAB, Series B, 6.74%, 11/01/40
     15,250       17,277,893  
Illinois Finance Authority, RB, 6.69%, 07/01/33
     2,925       2,963,985  
Illinois Municipal Electric Agency, RB, BAB, 7.29%, 02/01/35(a)
     15,000       16,814,238  
Northern Illinois Municipal Power Agency, RB, BAB, 7.82%, 01/01/40
     5,000       6,154,400  
Security  
Par
(000)
     Value  
Illinois (continued)            
State of Illinois, GO, BAB
    
6.73%, 04/01/35
     $    5,834     $     6,170,965  
7.35%, 07/01/35(a)
     30,733       33,364,386  
   
 
 
  
      171,669,224  
Indiana — 1.8%            
Indiana Finance Authority, RB, BAB, Series B, 6.60%, 02/01/39(a)
     7,900       9,118,128  
Indiana Municipal Power Agency, RB, BAB, Series A, 5.59%, 01/01/42
     10,000       10,454,705  
   
 
 
  
      19,572,833  
Kentucky — 0.9%            
Westvaco Corp., RB, 7.67%, 01/15/27(b)
     9,400       9,931,493  
   
 
 
  
Louisiana — 0.9%            
Louisiana Local Government Environmental Facilities & Community Development Authority, RB, Series A-3, 5.20%, 12/01/39
     9,750       10,041,577  
   
 
 
  
Maryland — 2.2%            
Maryland Community Development Administration, RB, S/F Housing
    
(FHLMC, FNMA, GNMA), 6.15%, 09/01/38
     5,000       5,266,956  
(FHLMC, FNMA, GNMA), 6.23%, 09/01/43
     10,000       10,469,212  
Maryland Economic Development Corp., RB, 4.00%, 04/01/34
     9,320       7,427,543  
Maryland Health & Higher Educational Facilities Authority, RB, Series B, 6.25%, 03/01/27(b)
     1,000       970,924  
   
 
 
  
      24,134,635  
Massachusetts — 4.7%            
Commonwealth of Massachusetts Transportation Fund Revenue, RB, BAB, 5.73%, 06/01/40(a)
     5,000       5,358,077  
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Refunding GO, Series C, 2.03%, 07/01/35
     10,000       7,521,641  
Massachusetts Educational Financing Authority, RB
    
Series A, 3.61%, 07/01/36
     9,270       8,511,795  
Series A, 5.95%, 07/01/44
     15,000       15,338,795  
Massachusetts Educational Financing Authority, Refunding RB, Series A, 4.95%, 07/01/38
     16,695       16,228,525  
   
 
 
  
      52,958,833  
Michigan — 3.8%            
Michigan Finance Authority, RB
    
6.38%, 06/01/33(b)(d)(e)
     1,000       852,852  
Series D, 5.02%, 11/01/43
     7,500       7,379,963  
Michigan Finance Authority, Refunding RB, CAB, Series B, 0.00%, 06/01/45(c)
     50,000       13,557,150  
Michigan State University, RB, BAB, Series A, 6.17%, 02/15/50(a)
     5,500       5,840,700  
Michigan State University, Refunding RB, Series A, 4.50%, 08/15/48
     14,575       13,889,176  
Western Michigan University, Refunding RB, Series B, (AGM), 2.88%, 11/15/43
     1,500       1,100,237  
   
 
 
  
      42,620,078  
 
 
 
S C H E D U L E  O F  I N V E S T M E N T S
   11
Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
   
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
(Percentages shown are based on Net Assets)
 
Security  
Par
(000)
     Value  
Minnesota — 1.3%            
Southern Minnesota Municipal Power Agency, Refunding RB, BAB, Series A, 5.93%, 01/01/43
     $    8,000     $     8,549,279  
Western Minnesota Municipal Power Agency, RB, BAB, 6.77%, 01/01/46
     5,000       6,037,810  
   
 
 
  
      14,587,089  
Mississippi — 0.5%            
Mississippi Development Bank, RB, BAB, 6.41%, 01/01/40
     5,000       5,564,278  
   
 
 
  
Missouri — 1.9%            
Curators of the University of Missouri, RB, BAB, 5.79%, 11/01/41
     7,000       7,776,562  
Missouri Joint Municipal Electric Utility Commission, RB, BAB, 7.73%, 01/01/39
     11,000       13,588,163  
   
 
 
  
      21,364,725  
Nevada — 0.4%            
City of North Las Vegas Nevada, GO, BAB, 6.57%, 06/01/40
     1,420       1,587,151  
County of Clark Department of Aviation, ARB, BAB, Series C, 6.82%, 07/01/45
     2,000       2,462,174  
   
 
 
  
      4,049,325  
New Hampshire — 1.4%            
New Hampshire Business Finance Authority, RB, 3.78%, 01/01/36
     2,500       1,978,579  
New Hampshire Business Finance Authority, Refunding RB
    
3.30%, 04/01/32
     12,895       10,224,422  
2.87%, 07/01/35
     4,835       3,450,634  
   
 
 
  
      15,653,635  
New Jersey — 10.6%            
New Jersey Economic Development Authority, RB
    
Series A, (NPFGC), 7.43%, 02/15/29(a)
     20,974       22,657,434  
Series B, 7.00%, 06/15/30(b)
     3,515       3,519,448  
New Jersey Educational Facilities Authority, Refunding RB, (AGM), 3.51%, 07/01/42
     13,500       10,592,924  
New Jersey Institute of Technology, Refunding RB, Series B, 3.42%, 07/01/42
     7,500       6,238,092  
New Jersey Transportation Trust Fund Authority, RB, BAB, Series C, 5.75%, 12/15/28
     4,500       4,596,752  
New Jersey Transportation Trust Fund Authority, Refunding RB
    
4.08%, 06/15/39
     7,230       6,377,121  
4.13%, 06/15/42
     16,765       14,391,110  
New Jersey Turnpike Authority, RB, BAB(a)
    
Series A, 7.10%, 01/01/41
     34,000       41,388,702  
Series F, 7.41%, 01/01/40
     6,790       8,490,520  
   
 
 
  
      118,252,103  
New York — 8.4%            
City of New York, Refunding GO, Series D, 2.17%, 08/01/34
     7,285       5,699,790  
Metropolitan Transportation Authority, RB, BAB
    
6.67%, 11/15/39
     2,220       2,444,084  
7.34%, 11/15/39(a)
     13,245       16,432,118  
Series TR, 6.69%, 11/15/40(a)
     13,000       14,144,743  
Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Refunding RB, Series C-2, 5.18%, 11/15/49
     4,370       4,227,435  
Security  
Par
(000)
     Value  
New York (continued)            
New York City Housing Development Corp., RB, M/F Housing, Series B, 3.10%, 11/01/45
     $    1,310     $      947,852  
New York City Transitional Finance Authority Future Tax Secured Revenue, RB, BAB, 5.57%, 11/01/38(a)
     19,000       19,712,026  
New York State Dormitory Authority, RB, BAB, Series H, 5.39%, 03/15/40(a)
     15,000       15,582,839  
New York State Dormitory Authority, Refunding RB, Series B, 5.75%, 07/01/24(f)
     6,010       6,022,291  
Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Authority, Refunding RB, Series A-3, 2.51%, 05/15/35
     10,390       8,298,141  
   
 
 
  
      93,511,319  
Ohio — 6.1%            
American Municipal Power, Inc., RB, Series B, 7.83%, 02/15/41
     10,000       12,442,400  
American Municipal Power, Inc., Refunding RB, BAB, Series B, 6.45%, 02/15/44
     10,000       11,336,560  
Franklin County Convention Facilities Authority, RB, BAB, 6.64%, 12/01/42(a)
     30,575       35,052,601  
Ohio University, RB, 5.59%, 12/01/2114
     10,100       9,666,891  
   
 
 
  
      68,498,452  
Oklahoma — 1.6%            
Oklahoma Development Finance Authority, RB
    
Series A-3, 5.09%, 02/01/52(a)
     6,750       6,960,655  
Series A-3, Class A3, 4.71%, 05/01/52
     3,695       3,605,982  
Series B, 11.00%, 09/01/41(b)
     3,000       3,271,174  
Oklahoma Municipal Power Authority, RB, BAB, 6.44%, 01/01/45(a)
     3,500       3,900,017  
   
 
 
  
      17,737,828  
Pennsylvania — 3.2%            
Commonwealth Financing Authority, RB
    
Series A, 4.14%, 06/01/38
     4,435       4,117,887  
Series A, 3.81%, 06/01/41
     6,110       5,342,427  
Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority, RB, BAB, Series B, 6.53%, 06/15/39
     23,050       25,777,171  
   
 
 
  
      35,237,485  
Puerto Rico — 2.5%            
Puerto Rico Sales Tax Financing Corp. Sales Tax Revenue, RB
    
Series A-1, Restructured, 5.00%, 07/01/58
     3,465       3,465,365  
Series A-2, Restructured, 4.55%, 07/01/40
     14,899       11,972,426  
Series A-2, Restructured, 4.78%, 07/01/58
     12,447       12,252,102  
   
 
 
  
      27,689,893  
South Carolina — 2.9%            
Charleston Educational Excellence Finance Corp., Refunding RB, 1.87%, 12/01/29
     10,000       8,615,556  
South Carolina Jobs-Economic Development Authority, RB, 7.35%, 08/15/30(b)
     710       704,204  
South Carolina Public Service Authority, RB, BAB, Series C, (AGM-CR), 6.45%, 01/01/50(a)
     11,290       13,286,868  
South Carolina Public Service Authority, Refunding RB
    
Series C, 5.78%, 12/01/41
     4,595       4,819,092  
Series D, (AGM), 6.45%, 12/01/42
     2,870       3,248,513  
South Carolina Student Loan Corp., RB, Series A, 3.59%, 12/01/39
     2,385       2,193,776  
   
 
 
  
      32,868,009  
 
 
 
12  
2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
   
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
(Percentages shown are based on Net Assets)
 
Security  
Par
(000)
     Value  
Tennessee — 4.4%            
Memphis-Shelby County Industrial Development Board, Refunding TA,
Series B, 5.45%, 07/01/45
     $    5,875     $     4,194,478  
Metropolitan Government of Nashville & Davidson County Convention Center Authority, RB, BAB, Series A-2, 7.43%, 07/01/43(a)
     35,105       41,427,698  
Tennessee State School Bond Authority, Refunding RB, 2.56%, 11/01/41
     4,525       3,298,373  
   
 
 
  
      48,920,549  
Texas — 4.3%            
Arlington Higher Education Finance
Corp., RB(b)
    
5.50%, 04/01/30
     500       495,926  
6.50%, 11/01/32
     1,280       1,319,011  
Arlington Higher Education Finance Corp., Refunding RB, Series B, 4.00%, 08/15/28
     1,355       1,237,148  
City of San Antonio Texas Customer Facility Charge Revenue, ARB, 5.87%, 07/01/45
     7,500       7,539,171  
Dallas Area Rapid Transit, RB, BAB, 5.02%, 12/01/48(a)
     2,500       2,489,122  
New Hope Higher Education Finance Corp., RB, 5.00%, 06/15/27(b)
     390       385,631  
Port Beaumont Navigation District, Refunding RB, Series B, 6.00%, 01/01/25(b)
     3,185       3,057,530  
Port of Beaumont Industrial Development Authority, RB, 4.10%, 01/01/28(b)
     13,455       11,096,331  
Texas Private Activity Bond Surface Transportation Corp., RB, Series B, 3.92%, 12/31/49
     25,000       20,436,897  
   
 
 
  
      48,056,767  
Utah — 2.5%            
Utah Transit Authority, RB, BAB, 5.71%, 06/15/40(a)
     26,405       28,368,956  
   
 
 
  
Virginia — 2.8%            
Tobacco Settlement Financing Corp., Refunding RB, Series A-1, 6.71%, 06/01/46
     29,630       24,897,684  
Virginia Housing Development Authority, RB, M/F Housing
    
Series D, 3.52%, 06/01/40
     4,000       3,338,052  
Series F, 3.13%, 07/01/45
     3,425       2,538,345  
   
 
 
  
      30,774,081  
Washington — 2.1%            
University of Washington, Refunding RB, Series B, 3.35%, 07/01/41
     2,500       2,048,992  
Washington State Convention Center Public Facilities District, RB, BAB, 6.79%, 07/01/40
     19,415       21,204,315  
   
 
 
  
      23,253,307  
West Virginia — 2.4%            
Tobacco Settlement Finance Authority, RB, Series B, 0.00%, 06/01/47(c)
     1,600       140,483  
Security  
Par
(000)
     Value  
West Virginia (continued)            
Tobacco Settlement Finance Authority, Refunding RB
    
Class 1, 4.31%, 06/01/49
     $   20,000     $    15,647,461  
Class 2, 4.88%, 06/01/49
     11,900       11,272,624  
   
 
 
  
      27,060,568  
Wisconsin — 0.3%            
Public Finance Authority, RB
    
4.75%, 06/15/25(b)
     495       492,197  
5.38%, 06/15/28(b)
     400       381,859  
5.25%, 01/01/31(b)
     1,150       1,107,509  
Class S, 5.25%, 06/15/26(b)
     140       137,177  
Series B, 6.00%, 06/15/24
     155       153,275  
Public Finance Authority, Refunding RB, Series B, 6.13%, 10/01/49(b)
     1,470       1,323,420  
   
 
 
  
      3,595,437  
   
 
 
  
Total Municipal Bonds — 136.3%
(Cost: $1,452,424,075)
 
     1,521,651,172  
   
 
 
  
Total Long-Term Investments — 142.1%
(Cost: $1,525,587,822)
 
     1,586,627,287  
   
 
 
  
     Shares         
Short-Term Securities
 
Money Market Funds — 0.7%            
BlackRock Liquidity Funds, T-Fund, Institutional Class, 5.26%(g)(h)
     7,737,117       7,737,117  
   
 
 
  
Total Short-Term Securities — 0.7%
(Cost: $7,737,117)
 
     7,737,117  
   
 
 
  
Total Investments — 142.8%
(Cost: $1,533,324,939)
 
     1,594,364,404  
Liabilities in Excess of Other Assets — (42.8)%
 
     (477,944,125 ) 
   
 
 
  
Net Assets — 100.0%
 
   $ 1,116,420,279  
   
 
 
  
 
(a) 
All or a portion of the security has been pledged as collateral in connection with outstanding reverse repurchase agreements.
(b) 
Security exempt from registration pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These securities may be resold in transactions exempt from registration to qualified institutional investors.
(c) 
Zero-coupon bond.
(d) 
Issuer filed for bankruptcy and/or is in default.
(e) 
Non-income producing security.
(f) 
U.S. Government securities held in escrow, are used to pay interest on this security as well as to retire the bond in full at the date indicated, typically at a premium to par.
(g) 
Affiliate of the Trust.
(h) 
Annualized 7-day yield as of period end.
 
 
For Trust compliance purposes, the Trust’s sector classifications refer to one or more of the sector sub-classifications used by one or more widely recognized market indexes or rating group indexes, and/or as defined by the investment adviser. These definitions may not apply for purposes of this report, which may combine such sector sub-classifications for reporting ease.
 
 
S C H E D U L E   O F  I N V E S T M E N T S
   13
Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
 
   
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
 
Affiliates
Investments in issuers considered to be affiliate(s) of the Trust during the year ended December 31, 2023 for purposes of Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, were as follows:
 
 
  
Affiliated Issuer   Value at
12/31/22		     Purchases
at Cost		     Proceeds
from Sale		     Net
Realized
Gain (Loss)		     Change in
Unrealized
Appreciation
(Depreciation)		     Value at
12/31/23		     Shares
Held at
12/31/23		     Income     Capital Gain
Distributions
from
Underlying
Funds		  
 
  
BlackRock Liquidity Funds, T-Fund, Institutional Class
   $  11,702,583     $ —     $  (3,965,466 )(a)    $ —     $ —     $  7,737,117       7,737,117     $  880,635     $ —  
       
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
      
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
  (a) 
Represents net amount purchased (sold).
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
 
Counterparty     
 Interest
Rate		  
 		    
 Trade
Date		  
 		     
  Maturity
Date		  
(a) 		     Face Value       

 Face Value
Including
Accrued Interest		  
 
 		    Type of Non‑Cash Underlying
Collateral		     

 Remaining
Contractual Maturity
of the Agreements		  
 
(a) 
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 %(b)      11/14/23        Open     $   18,891,250      $   19,028,626      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.05 (b)      11/15/23        Open       7,837,500        7,888,074      Corporate Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/01/23        Open       971,763        976,449      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/01/23        Open       8,784,281        8,826,414      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.55 (b)      12/08/23        Open       5,732,475        5,751,034      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       3,272,500        3,283,190      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       4,550,000        4,564,863      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       6,100,313        6,120,240      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       7,587,825        7,612,612      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       2,068,750        2,075,508      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       18,981,470        19,043,476      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       7,613,625        7,638,496      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       14,962,500        15,011,377      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       11,830,000        11,868,645      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       13,125,000        13,167,875      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       10,150,000        10,183,157      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       17,076,250        17,132,032      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/08/23        Open       13,195,000        13,238,104      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.50 (b)      12/08/23        Open       40,282,987        40,412,229      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.53 (b)      12/08/23        Open       10,604,831        10,639,041      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       3,322,069        3,331,371      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       25,596,450        25,668,120      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
Barclays Bank PLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       4,731,250        4,744,498      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       14,157,500        14,197,141      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       13,965,000        14,004,102      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       3,041,250        3,049,766      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       2,845,000        2,852,966      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       18,572,500        18,624,503      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       15,831,250        15,875,577      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       19,855,000        19,910,594      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       2,842,500        2,850,459      Corporate Bonds      Open/Demand  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       7,612,500        7,633,815      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       6,156,250        6,173,487      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      5.60 (b)      12/13/23        Open       16,120,000        16,165,136      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       4,665,375        4,678,368      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       6,067,500        6,084,398      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       11,437,500        11,469,353      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       10,450,000        10,479,103      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       10,575,000        10,604,451      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       7,236,862        7,257,017      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       9,405,000        9,431,193      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       7,026,281        7,045,849      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       2,027,500        2,033,147      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       1,500,000        1,504,178      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       1,895,000        1,900,278      Corporate Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       7,079,688        7,099,404      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/13/23        Open       8,060,000        8,082,447      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
 
 
14  
2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
 
   
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
 
Reverse Repurchase Agreements (continued)
Counterparty     
 Interest
Rate		  
 		    
 Trade
Date		  
 		     
  Maturity
Date		  
(a) 		     Face Value       

 Face Value
Including
Accrued Interest		  
 
 		    Type of Non‑Cash Underlying
Collateral		     

 Remaining
Contractual Maturity
of the Agreements		  
 
(a) 
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 %(b)      12/20/23        Open     $ 18,318,750      $   18,352,762      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      5.57 (b)      12/20/23        Open       15,468,750        15,497,470      Municipal Bonds      Open/Demand  
         
 
 
     
 
 
        
          $  499,480,045      $ 501,062,395        
         
 
 
     
 
 
        
 
  (a) 
Certain agreements have no stated maturity and can be terminated by either party at any time.
  (b) 
Variable rate security. Rate as of period end and maturity is the date the principal owed can be recovered through demand.
Derivative Financial Instruments Outstanding as of Period End
Futures Contracts
 
 
  
Description    Number of
Contracts		      Expiration
Date		      Notional
Amount (000)		      Value/ 
Unrealized 
Appreciation 
(Depreciation) 		  
 
  
Short Contracts
            
10-Year U.S. Treasury Note
      445        03/19/24      $ 50,236       $ (1,607,522 ) 
U.S. Long Bond
      857        03/19/24        107,071        (7,774,511 ) 
           
 
 
  
             $  (9,382,033 ) 
           
 
 
  
Derivative Financial Instruments Categorized by Risk Exposure
As of period end, the fair values of derivative financial instruments located in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities were as follows:
 
 
  
     Commodity
Contracts		      Credit
Contracts		      Equity
Contracts		      Foreign
Currency
Exchange
Contracts		      Interest
Rate
Contracts		      Other
Contracts		      Total  
 
  
Liabilities — Derivative Financial Instruments
                     
Futures contracts
                     
Unrealized depreciation on futures contracts(a)
    $ —      $ —      $ —      $ —      $ 9,382,033      $ —      $  9,382,033  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
  (a) 
Net cumulative unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on futures contracts and centrally cleared swaps, if any, are reported in the Schedule of Investments. In the Statement of Assets and Liabilities, only current day’s variation margin is reported in receivables or payables and the net cumulative unrealized appreciation (depreciation) is included in accumulated earnings (loss).
 
For the period ended December 31, 2023, the effect of derivative financial instruments in the Statement of Operations was as follows:
 
 
  
     Commodity
Contracts		      Credit
Contracts		      Equity
Contracts		      Foreign
Currency
Exchange
Contracts		     
Interest
Rate
Contracts
      Other
Contracts		      Total  
 
  
Net Realized Gain (Loss) from:
                     
Futures contracts
    $ —      $ —      $ —      $ —      $ 18,275,967      $ —      $ 18,275,967  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Net Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) on:
                     
Futures contracts
    $ —      $ —      $ —      $ —      $ (12,908,728 )     $ —      $ (12,908,728 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Average Quarterly Balances of Outstanding Derivative Financial Instruments
 
 
  
Futures contracts:
   
Average notional value of contracts — short
    $ 214,749,153  
 
  
For more information about the Trust’s investment risks regarding derivative financial instruments, refer to the Notes to Financial Statements.
 
 
S C H E D U L E   O F  I N V E S T M E N T S
   15
Schedule of Investments (continued)
December 31, 2023
 
   
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (BBN)
 
Fair Value Hierarchy as of Period End
Various inputs are used in determining the fair value of financial instruments. For a description of the input levels and information about the Trust’s policy regarding valuation of financial instruments, refer to the Notes to Financial Statements.
The following table summarizes the Trust’s financial instruments categorized in the fair value hierarchy. The breakdown of the Trust’s financial instruments into major categories is disclosed in the Schedule of Investments above.
 
 
  
     Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  
 
  
Assets
            
Investments
            
Long-Term Investments
            
Corporate Bonds
    $ —      $ 64,976,115      $ —      $ 64,976,115  
Municipal Bonds
      —        1,521,651,172        —        1,521,651,172  
Short-Term Securities
            
Money Market Funds
      7,737,117        —        —        7,737,117  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
   $   7,737,117      $  1,586,627,287      $     —      $  1,594,364,404  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Derivative Financial Instruments(a)
            
Liabilities
            
Interest Rate Contracts
    $ (9,382,033 )     $ —      $ —      $ (9,382,033 ) 
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
  (a) 
Derivative financial instruments are futures contracts. Futures contracts are valued at the unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on the instrument.
The Trust may hold assets and/or liabilities in which the fair value approximates the carrying amount or face value, including accrued interest, for financial statement purposes. As of period end, reverse repurchase agreements of $501,062,395 are categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
See notes to financial statements.
 
 
16  
2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
 
Statement of Assets and Liabilities
December 31, 2023
 
    BBN  
 
  
ASSETS
  
Investments, at value — unaffiliated(a)
   $ 1,586,627,287  
Investments, at value — affiliated(b)
     7,737,117  
Cash
     3,826  
Cash pledged for futures contracts
     4,591,000  
Receivables:
  
Investments sold
     1,435,000  
Dividends — affiliated
     79,013  
Interest — unaffiliated
     24,972,318  
Variation margin on futures contracts
     160,665  
Deferred offering costs
     191,611  
Prepaid expenses
     9,479  
 
 
 
  
Total assets
     1,625,807,316  
 
 
 
  
LIABILITIES
  
Cash received as collateral for reverse repurchase agreements
     6,849,993  
Reverse repurchase agreements, at value
     501,062,395  
Payables:
  
Accounting services fees
     62,117  
Custodian fees
     7,972  
Investment advisory fees
     743,870  
Trustees’ and Officer’s fees
     509,354  
Other accrued expenses
     11,594  
Professional fees
     113,418  
Transfer agent fees
     26,324  
 
 
 
  
Total liabilities
     509,387,037  
 
 
 
  
Commitments and contingent liabilities
  
NET ASSETS
   $ 1,116,420,279  
 
 
 
  
NET ASSETS CONSIST OF
  
Paid-in capital(c)(d)(e)
   $ 1,155,636,172  
Accumulated loss
     (39,215,893 ) 
 
 
 
  
NET ASSETS
   $ 1,116,420,279  
 
 
 
  
Net asset value
   $ 18.07  
 
 
 
  
(a)  Investments, at cost — unaffiliated
   $  1,525,587,822  
(b)  Investments, at cost — affiliated
   $ 7,737,117  
(c)  Shares outstanding
     61,792,514  
(d)  Shares authorized
     Unlimited  
(e)  Par value
   $ 0.001  
See notes to financial statements.
 
 
F I N A N C I A L  S T A T E M E N T S
   17
 
Statement of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2023
 
 
    BBN  
 
  
INVESTMENT INCOME
  
Dividends — affiliated
   $ 880,635  
Interest — unaffiliated
     91,622,801  
 
 
 
  
Total investment income
     92,503,436  
 
 
 
  
EXPENSES
  
Investment advisory
     8,904,904  
Accounting services
     176,924  
Transfer agent
     115,367  
Trustees and Officer
     107,833  
Professional
     60,712  
Custodian
     24,986  
Registration
     21,287  
Printing and postage
     19,351  
Miscellaneous
     22,009  
 
 
 
  
Total expenses excluding interest expense
     9,453,373  
Interest expense
     28,643,857  
 
 
 
  
Total expenses
     38,097,230  
Less:
  
Fees waived and/or reimbursed by the Manager
     (13,231 ) 
 
 
 
  
Total expenses after fees waived and/or reimbursed
     38,083,999  
 
 
 
  
Net investment income
     54,419,437  
 
 
 
  
REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS)
  
Net realized gain (loss) from:
  
Investments — unaffiliated
     (34,358,595 ) 
Futures contracts
     18,275,967  
 
 
 
  
    (16,082,628 ) 
 
 
 
  
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on:
  
Investments — unaffiliated
     94,029,294  
Futures contracts
     (12,908,728 ) 
 
 
 
  
    81,120,566  
 
 
 
  
Net realized and unrealized gain
     65,037,938  
 
 
 
  
NET INCREASE IN NET ASSETS RESULTING FROM OPERATIONS
   $  119,457,375  
 
 
 
  
See notes to financial statements.
 
 
18  
2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
Statements of Changes in Net Assets
 
   
 
 
 
    BBN  
    
Year Ended
12/31/23
    
Year Ended
12/31/22
  
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN NET ASSETS
    
OPERATIONS
    
Net investment income
   $ 54,419,437     $ 70,324,962  
Net realized gain (loss)
     (16,082,628 )      2,097,099  
Net change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation)
     81,120,566       (472,605,404 ) 
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations
     119,457,375       (400,183,343 ) 
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS(a)
    
From net investment income
     (54,722,259 )      (63,103,761 ) 
Return of capital
     (17,251,830 )      (17,944,830 ) 
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
Decrease in net assets resulting from distributions to shareholders
     (71,974,089 )      (81,048,591 ) 
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
CAPITAL SHARE TRANSACTIONS
    
Net proceeds from the issuance of shares
     106,661       40,961,004  
Reinvestment of distributions
     —       963,489  
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net increase in net assets derived from capital share transactions
     106,661       41,924,493  
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
NET ASSETS
    
Total increase (decrease) in net assets
     47,589,947       (439,307,441 ) 
Beginning of year
     1,068,830,332       1,508,137,773  
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
End of year
   $  1,116,420,279     $  1,068,830,332  
 
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
(a) 
Distributions for annual periods determined in accordance with U.S. federal income tax regulations.
See notes to financial statements.
 
 
F I N A N C I A L  S T A T E M E N T S
   19
 
Statement of Cash Flows
Year Ended December 31, 2023
 
 
    BBN  
 
  
CASH PROVIDED BY (USED FOR) OPERATING ACTIVITIES
  
Net increase in net assets resulting from operations
   $ 119,457,375  
Adjustments to reconcile net increase in net assets resulting from operations to net cash provided by operating activities:
  
Proceeds from sales of long-term investments and principal paydowns/payups
     197,646,982  
Purchases of long-term investments
     (133,604,377 ) 
Net proceeds from sales of short-term securities
     3,965,466  
Amortization of premium and accretion of discount on investments and other fees
     (1,414,063 ) 
Net realized loss on investments
     34,358,595  
Net unrealized appreciation on investments
     (94,029,294 ) 
(Increase) Decrease in Assets
  
Receivables
  
Dividends — affiliated
     (40,160 ) 
Interest — unaffiliated
     (7,376 ) 
Variation margin on futures contracts
     1,268,305  
Prepaid expenses
     (1,280 ) 
Deferred offering costs
     (2,850 ) 
Increase (Decrease) in Liabilities
  
Cash received
  
Collateral — reverse repurchase agreements
     3,984,689  
Payables
  
Accounting services fees
     (2,877 ) 
Custodian fees
     1,240  
Interest expense
     (1,450,682 ) 
Investment advisory fees
     (34,114 ) 
Trustees’ and Officer’s fees
     32,013  
Other accrued expenses
     (5,697 ) 
Professional fees
     (45,961 ) 
Transfer agent fees
     (18,506 ) 
 
 
 
  
Net cash provided by operating activities
     130,057,428  
 
 
 
  
CASH PROVIDED BY (USED FOR) FINANCING ACTIVITIES
  
Cash dividends paid to Common Shareholders
     (71,974,089 ) 
Decrease in bank overdraft
     (419,487 ) 
Proceeds from issuance of capital shares
     106,661  
Net borrowing of reverse repurchase agreements
     (61,239,687 ) 
 
 
 
  
Net cash used for financing activities
     (133,526,602 ) 
 
 
 
  
CASH
  
Net decrease in restricted and unrestricted cash
     (3,469,174 ) 
Restricted and unrestricted cash at beginning of year
     8,064,000  
 
 
 
  
Restricted and unrestricted cash at end of year
   $ 4,594,826  
 
 
 
  
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
  
Cash paid during the year for interest expense
   $ 30,094,539  
 
 
 
  
RECONCILIATION OF RESTRICTED AND UNRESTRICTED CASH AT THE END OF YEAR TO THE STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
  
Cash
   $ 3,826  
Cash pledged
  
Futures contracts
     4,591,000  
 
 
 
  
  $ 4,594,826  
 
 
 
  
See notes to financial statements.
 
 
20  
2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
Financial Highlights
(For a share outstanding throughout each period)
 
    BBN  
     Year Ended
12/31/23		     Year Ended
12/31/22		     Period from
08/01/21
to 12/31/21		     Year Ended
07/31/21		     Year Ended
07/31/20		     Year Ended
07/31/19		  
Net asset value, beginning of period
   $ 17.30     $ 25.27     $ 26.02     $ 25.48     $ 24.32     $ 23.03  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net investment income(a)
     0.88       1.16       0.55       1.32       1.44       1.38  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
     1.05       (7.80 )      (0.57 )      0.61       1.06       1.33  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net increase (decrease) from investment operations
     1.93       (6.64 )      (0.02 )      1.93       2.50       2.71  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Distributions(b)
            
From net investment income
     (0.88 )      (1.03 )      (0.67 )      (1.38 )      (1.34 )      (1.41 ) 
Return of capital
     (0.28 )      (0.30 )      (0.06 )      (0.01 )      —       (0.01 ) 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total distributions
     (1.16 )      (1.33 )      (0.73 )      (1.39 )      (1.34 )      (1.42 ) 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net asset value, end of period
   $ 18.07     $ 17.30     $ 25.27     $ 26.02     $ 25.48     $ 24.32  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Market price, end of period
   $ 16.26     $ 16.84     $ 26.18     $ 26.31     $ 26.60     $ 23.89  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total Return(c)
            
Based on net asset value
     12.04 %      (26.55 )%      (0.08 )%(d)      7.96 %      10.73 %      12.60 % 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Based on market price
     3.57 %      (30.99 )%      2.37 %(d)      4.56 %      17.68 %      15.84 % 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Ratios to Average Net Assets(e)
            
Total expenses
     3.50 %      1.84 %      1.07 %(f)      1.20 %      1.97 %      2.53 % 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total expenses after fees waived and/or reimbursed
     3.50 %      1.84 %      1.07 %(f)      1.20 %      1.97 %      2.53 % 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Total expenses after fees waived and/or reimbursed and excluding interest expense
     0.87 %      0.87 %      0.87 %(f)      0.86 %      0.91 %      0.93 % 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Net investment income
     5.00 %      5.82 %      5.01 %(f)      5.31 %      5.88 %      6.02 % 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Supplemental Data
            
Net assets, end of period (000)
   $ 1,116,420     $ 1,068,830     $ 1,508,138     $ 1,533,818     $ 1,456,804     $ 1,389,003  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Borrowings outstanding, end of period (000)
   $ 501,062     $ 563,753     $ 769,609     $ 706,800     $ 712,054     $ 799,955  
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
Portfolio turnover rate
     8 %      11 %      3 %      16 %      15 %      7 % 
 
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
  
 
(a) 
Based on average shares outstanding.
(b) 
Distributions for annual periods determined in accordance with U.S. federal income tax regulations.
(c) 
Total returns based on market price, which can be significantly greater or less than the net asset value, may result in substantially different returns. Where applicable, excludes the effects of any sales charges and assumes the reinvestment of distributions at actual reinvestment prices.
(d) 
Not annualized.
(e) 
Excludes fees and expenses incurred indirectly as a result of investments in underlying funds.
(f) 
Annualized.
See notes to financial statements.
 
 
F I N A N C I A L  H I G H L I G H T S
   21
Notes to Financial Statements
 
 
1. ORGANIZATION
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (the “Trust”) is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Trust is registered as a diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Trust is organized as a Delaware statutory trust. The Trust determines and makes available for publication the net asset value (“NAV”) of its Common Shares on a daily basis.
The Trust, together with certain other registered investment companies advised by BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Manager”) or its affiliates, is included in a complex of funds referred to as the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex.
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), which may require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of increases and decreases in net assets from operations during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Trust is considered an investment company under U.S. GAAP and follows the accounting and reporting guidance applicable to investment companies. Below is a summary of significant accounting policies:
Investment Transactions and Income Recognition: For financial reporting purposes, investment transactions are recorded on the dates the transactions are executed. Realized gains and losses on investment transactions are determined using the specific identification method. Dividend income and capital gain distributions, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend dates. Non-cash dividends, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend dates at fair value. Interest income, including amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts on debt securities, is recognized daily on an accrual basis.
Collateralization: If required by an exchange or counterparty agreement, the Trust may be required to deliver/deposit cash and/or securities to/with an exchange, or broker-dealer or custodian as collateral for certain investments.
Distributions: Distributions from net investment income are declared and paid monthly. Distributions of capital gains are recorded on the ex-dividend dates and made at least annually. The portion of distributions, if any, that exceeds a fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, as measured on a tax basis, constitute a non-taxable return of capital. The character and timing of distributions are determined in accordance with U.S. federal income tax regulations, which may differ from U.S. GAAP.
Deferred Compensation Plan: Under the Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) approved by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), the trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”), may defer a portion of their annual complex-wide compensation. Deferred amounts earn an approximate return as though equivalent dollar amounts had been invested in common shares of certain funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex selected by the Independent Trustees. This has the same economic effect for the Independent Trustees as if the Independent Trustees had invested the deferred amounts directly in certain funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex.
The Plan is not funded and obligations thereunder represent general unsecured claims against the general assets of the Trust, as applicable. Deferred compensation liabilities, if any, are included in the Trustees’ and Officer’s fees payable in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities and will remain as a liability of the Trust until such amounts are distributed in accordance with the Plan. Net appreciation (depreciation) in the value of participants’ deferral accounts is allocated among the participating funds in the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex and reflected as Trustees and Officer expense on the Statement of Operations. The Trustees and Officer expense may be negative as a result of a decrease in value of the deferred accounts.
Indemnifications: In the normal course of business, the Trust enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations that provide general indemnification. The Trust’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown because it involves future potential claims against the Trust, which cannot be predicted with any certainty.
Other: Expenses directly related to the Trust are charged to the Trust. Other operating expenses shared by several funds, including other funds managed by the Manager, are prorated among those funds on the basis of relative net assets or other appropriate methods.
3. INVESTMENT VALUATION AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Investment Valuation Policies: The Trust’s investments are valued at fair value (also referred to as “market value” within the financial statements) each day that the Trust is open for business and, for financial reporting purposes, as of the report date. U.S. GAAP defines fair value as the price a fund would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Board has approved the designation of the Trust’s Manager as the valuation designee for the Trust. The Trust determines the fair values of its financial instruments using various independent dealers or pricing services under the Manager’s policies. If a security’s market price is not readily available or does not otherwise accurately represent the fair value of the security, the security will be valued in accordance with the Manager’s policies and procedures as reflecting fair value. The Manager has formed a committee (the “Valuation Committee”) to develop pricing policies and procedures and to oversee the pricing function for all financial instruments, with assistance from other BlackRock pricing committees.
Fair Value Inputs and Methodologies: The following methods and inputs are used to establish the fair value of the Trust’s assets and liabilities:
 
  •  
Fixed-income investments for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued using the last available bid price or current market quotations provided by independent dealers or third-party pricing services. Floating rate loan interests are valued at the mean of the bid prices from one or more independent brokers or dealers as obtained from a third-party pricing service. Pricing services generally value fixed-income securities assuming orderly transactions of an institutional round lot size, but a fund may hold or transact in such securities in smaller, odd lot sizes. Odd lots may trade at lower prices than institutional round lots. The pricing services may
 
 
22  
2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
 
 
use matrix pricing or valuation models that utilize certain inputs and assumptions to derive values, including transaction data (e.g., recent representative bids and offers), market data, credit quality information, perceived market movements, news, and other relevant information. Certain fixed-income securities, including asset-backed and mortgage related securities may be valued based on valuation models that consider the estimated cash flows of each tranche of the entity, establish a benchmark yield and develop an estimated tranche specific spread to the benchmark yield based on the unique attributes of the tranche. The amortized cost method of valuation may be used with respect to debt obligations with sixty days or less remaining to maturity unless the Manager determines such method does not represent fair value.
 
  •  
Investments in open-end U.S. mutual funds (including money market funds) are valued at that day’s published NAV.
 
  •  
Futures contracts are valued based on that day’s last reported settlement or trade price on the exchange where the contract is traded.
If events (e.g., market volatility, company announcement or a natural disaster) occur that are expected to materially affect the value of such investment, or in the event that application of these methods of valuation results in a price for an investment that is deemed not to be representative of the market value of such investment, or if a price is not available, the investment will be valued by the Valuation Committee in accordance with the Manager’s policies and procedures as reflecting fair value (“Fair Valued Investments”). The fair valuation approaches that may be used by the Valuation Committee include market approach, income approach and cost approach. Valuation techniques such as discounted cash flow, use of market comparables and matrix pricing are types of valuation approaches and are typically used in determining fair value. When determining the price for Fair Valued Investments, the Valuation Committee seeks to determine the price that the Trust might reasonably expect to receive or pay from the current sale or purchase of that asset or liability in an arm’s-length transaction. Fair value determinations shall be based upon all available factors that the Valuation Committee deems relevant and consistent with the principles of fair value measurement.
Fair Value Hierarchy: Various inputs are used in determining the fair value of financial instruments. These inputs to valuation techniques are categorized into a fair value hierarchy consisting of three broad levels for financial reporting purposes as follows:
 
  •  
Level 1 – Unadjusted price quotations in active markets/exchanges for identical assets or liabilities that the Trust has the ability to access;
 
  •  
Level 2 – Other observable inputs (including, but not limited to, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are active, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities (such as interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates) or other market–corroborated inputs); and
 
  •  
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs based on the best information available in the circumstances, to the extent observable inputs are not available (including the Valuation Committee’s assumptions used in determining the fair value of financial instruments).
The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. The inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the fair value hierarchy classification is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Investments classified within Level 3 have significant unobservable inputs used by the Valuation Committee in determining the price for Fair Valued Investments. Level 3 investments include equity or debt issued by privately held companies or funds that may not have a secondary market and/or may have a limited number of investors. The categorization of a value determined for financial instruments is based on the pricing transparency of the financial instruments and is not necessarily an indication of the risks associated with investing in those securities.
4. SECURITIES AND OTHER INVESTMENTS
Zero-Coupon Bonds: Zero-coupon bonds are normally issued at a significant discount from face value and do not provide for periodic interest payments. These bonds may experience greater volatility in market value than other debt obligations of similar maturity which provide for regular interest payments.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements: Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements with qualified third-party broker dealers in which a fund sells securities to a bank or broker-dealer and agrees to repurchase the same securities at a mutually agreed upon date and price. A fund receives cash from the sale to use for other investment purposes. During the term of the reverse repurchase agreement, a fund continues to receive the principal and interest payments on the securities sold. Certain agreements have no stated maturity and can be terminated by either party at any time. Interest on the value of the reverse repurchase agreements issued and outstanding is based upon competitive market rates determined at the time of issuance. A fund may utilize reverse repurchase agreements when it is anticipated that the interest income to be earned from the investment of the proceeds of the transaction is greater than the interest expense of the transaction. Reverse repurchase agreements involve leverage risk. If a fund suffers a loss on its investment of the transaction proceeds from a reverse repurchase agreement, a fund would still be required to pay the full repurchase price. Further, a fund remains subject to the risk that the market value of the securities repurchased declines below the repurchase price. In such cases, a fund would be required to return a portion of the cash received from the transaction or provide additional securities to the counterparty.
Cash received in exchange for securities delivered plus accrued interest due to the counterparty is recorded as a liability in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities at face value including accrued interest. Due to the short-term nature of the reverse repurchase agreements, face value approximates fair value. Interest payments made by a fund to the counterparties are recorded as a component of interest expense in the Statement of Operations. In periods of increased demand for the security, a fund may receive a fee for the use of the security by the counterparty, which may result in interest income to a fund.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, the average daily amount of reverse repurchase agreements outstanding and the weighted average interest rate for the Trust were $531,442,814 and 5.39%, respectively.
 
 
N O T E S  T O  F I N A N C I A L  S T A T E M E N T S
   23
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
 
Reverse repurchase transactions are entered into by a fund under Master Repurchase Agreements (each, an “MRA”), which permit a fund, under certain circumstances, including an event of default (such as bankruptcy or insolvency), to offset payables and/or receivables under the MRA with collateral held and/or posted to the counterparty and create one single net payment due to or from a fund. With reverse repurchase transactions, typically a fund and counterparty under an MRA are permitted to sell, re-pledge, or use the collateral associated with the transaction. Bankruptcy or insolvency laws of a particular jurisdiction may impose restrictions on or prohibitions against such a right of offset in the event of the MRA counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. Pursuant to the terms of the MRA, a fund receives or posts securities and cash as collateral with a market value in excess of the repurchase price to be paid or received by a fund upon the maturity of the transaction. Upon a bankruptcy or insolvency of the MRA counterparty, a fund is considered an unsecured creditor to the extent that the aggregate market value of the cash collateral and the purchased securities it holds is less than the repurchase price. As such, the receipt of any shortfall or any closeout amount owed to a fund upon termination of the MRA could be delayed or not received at all.
As of period end, the following table is a summary of the Trust’s open reverse repurchase agreements by counterparty which are subject to offset under an MRA on a net basis:
 
         
Counterparty     
 Reverse Repurchase
Agreements		  
 		     


 Fair Value of
Non‑Cash Collateral
Pledged Including
Accrued Interest		  
 
 
(a) 		     
 Cash Collateral
Pledged/Received		  
(a) 		      Net Amount  
Barclays Bank PLC
    $ (179,299,121 )     $ 179,299,121      $ —      $ —  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
      (121,337,546 )       121,337,546        —        —  
TD Securities (USA) LLC
      (200,425,728 )       200,425,728        —        —  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
   $ (501,062,395 )     $ 501,062,395      $ —      $ —  
  
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
  (a) 
Net collateral, including accrued interest, if any, with a value of $553,270,423 has been pledged/received in connection with open reverse repurchase agreements. Excess of net collateral pledged, if any, to the individual counterparty is not shown for financial reporting purposes.
  
In the event the counterparty of securities under an MRA files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a fund’s use of the proceeds from the agreement may be restricted while the counterparty, or its trustee or receiver, determines whether or not to enforce a fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities.
5. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Trust engages in various portfolio investment strategies using derivative contracts both to increase the returns of the Trust and/or to manage its exposure to certain risks such as credit risk, equity risk, interest rate risk, foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk or other risks (e.g., inflation risk). Derivative financial instruments categorized by risk exposure are included in the Schedule of Investments. These contracts may be transacted on an exchange or over-the-counter (“OTC”).
Futures Contracts: Futures contracts are purchased or sold to gain exposure to, or manage exposure to, changes in interest rates (interest rate risk) and changes in the value of equity securities (equity risk) or foreign currencies (foreign currency exchange rate risk).
Futures contracts are exchange-traded agreements between the Trust and a counterparty to buy or sell a specific quantity of an underlying instrument at a specified price and on a specified date. Depending on the terms of a contract, it is settled either through physical delivery of the underlying instrument on the settlement date or by payment of a cash amount on the settlement date. Upon entering into a futures contract, the Trust is required to deposit initial margin with the broker in the form of cash or securities in an amount that varies depending on a contract’s size and risk profile. The initial margin deposit must then be maintained at an established level over the life of the contract. Amounts pledged, which are considered restricted, are included in cash pledged for futures contracts in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities.
Securities deposited as initial margin are designated in the Schedule of Investments and cash deposited, if any, are shown as cash pledged for futures contracts in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. Pursuant to the contract, the Trust agrees to receive from or pay to the broker an amount of cash equal to the daily fluctuation in market value of the contract (“variation margin”). Variation margin is recorded as unrealized appreciation (depreciation) and, if any, shown as variation margin receivable (or payable) on futures contracts in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. When the contract is closed, a realized gain or loss is recorded in the Statement of Operations equal to the difference between the notional amount of the contract at the time it was opened and the notional amount at the time it was closed. The use of futures contracts involves the risk of an imperfect correlation in the movements in the price of futures contracts and interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or underlying assets.
6. INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES
Investment Advisory: The Trust entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement with the Manager, the Trust’s investment adviser and an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc. (“BlackRock”), to provide investment advisory and administrative services. The Manager is responsible for the management of the Trust’s portfolio and provides the personnel, facilities, equipment and certain other services necessary to the operations of the Trust.
For such services, the Trust pays the Manager a monthly fee at an annual rate equal to 0.55% of the average daily value of the Trust’s managed assets.
For purposes of calculating this fee, “managed assets” are determined as total assets of the Trust (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) less the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes).
Distribution Fees: BBN has entered into a Distribution Agreement with BlackRock Investments, LLC (“BRIL”), an affiliate of the Manager, to provide for distribution of BBN common shares on a reasonable best efforts basis through an equity shelf offering (a “Shelf Offering”) (the “Distribution Agreement”). Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, BRIL will receive commissions with respect to sales of common shares at a commission rate of 1.00% of the gross proceeds of the sale of BBN’s common shares and a portion of such commission is re-allowed to broker-dealers engaged by BRIL. The commissions retained by BRIL during the period ended December 31, 2023 amounted to $216.
 
 
24  
2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
 
Expense Waivers: The Manager contractually agreed to waive its investment advisory fees by the amount of investment advisory fees the Trust pays to the Manager indirectly through its investment in affiliated money market funds (the “affiliated money market fund waiver”) through June 30, 2025. The contractual agreement may be terminated upon 90 days’ notice by a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust. This amount is included in fees waived and/or reimbursed by the Manager in the Statement of Operations. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the amounts waived were $13,231.
The Manager contractually agreed to waive its investment advisory fee with respect to any portion of the Trust’s assets invested in affiliated equity and fixed-income mutual funds and affiliated exchange-traded funds that have a contractual management fee through June 30, 2025. The agreement can be renewed for annual periods thereafter, and may be terminated on 90 days’ notice, each subject to approval by a majority of the Trust’s Independent Trustees. For the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no fees waived by the Manager pursuant to this arrangement.
Trustees and Officers: Certain trustees and/or officers of the Trust are directors and/or officers of BlackRock or its affiliates. The Trust reimburses the Manager for a portion of the compensation paid to the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer, which is included in Trustees and Officer in the Statement of Operations.
7. PURCHASES AND SALES
For the year ended December 31, 2023, purchases and sales of investments, including paydowns/payups, excluding short-term securities, were $133,604,377 and $197,426,982, respectively.
8. INCOME TAX INFORMATION
It is the Trust’s policy to comply with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, applicable to regulated investment companies, and to distribute substantially all of its taxable income to its shareholders. Therefore, no U.S. federal income tax provision is required.
The Trust files U.S. federal and various state and local tax returns. No income tax returns are currently under examination. The statute of limitations on the Trust’s U.S. federal tax returns generally remains open for a period of three years after they are filed. The statutes of limitations on the Trust’s state and local tax returns may remain open for an additional year depending upon the jurisdiction.
Management has analyzed tax laws and regulations and their application to the Trust as of December 31, 2023, inclusive of the open tax return years, and does not believe that there are any uncertain tax positions that require recognition of a tax liability in the Trust’s financial statements.
The tax character of distributions paid was as follows:
 
     
Trust Name     
 Year Ended
12/31/23		  
 		     
 Year Ended
12/31/22		  
 
BBN
      
Ordinary income
    $ 54,722,259      $ 63,103,761  
Return of capital
      17,251,830        17,944,830  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
   $ 71,974,089      $ 81,048,591  
  
 
 
     
 
 
  
As of December 31, 2023, the tax components of accumulated earnings (loss) were as follows:
 
       
Trust Name     

 Non-Expiring
Capital Loss
Carryforwards(a)		  
 
 		     
 Net Unrealized
Gains (Losses)		  
(b) 		      Total  
BBN
    $ (99,525,026 )     $ 60,309,133      $ (39,215,893 ) 
 
  (a) 
Amounts available to offset future realized capital gains.
  
  (b) 
The difference between book-basis and tax-basis net unrealized gains was attributable primarily to the realization for tax purposes of unrealized gains(losses) on certain futures contracts, amortization methods for premiums on fixed income securities, the accrual of income on securities in default and the deferral of compensation to trustees.
  
As of December 31, 2023, gross unrealized appreciation and depreciation based on cost of investments (including short positions and derivatives, if any) for U.S. federal income tax purposes were as follows:
 
         
Trust Name      Tax Cost       
 Gross Unrealized
Appreciation		  
 		     
 Gross Unrealized
Depreciation		  
 		     

 Net Unrealized
Appreciation
(Depreciation)		  
 
 
BBN
    $ 1,533,557,566      $ 110,071,661      $ (49,264,823 )     $ 60,806,838  
9. PRINCIPAL RISKS
In the normal course of business, the Trust invests in securities or other instruments and may enter into certain transactions, and such activities subject the Trust to various risks, including among others, fluctuations in the market (market risk) or failure of an issuer to meet all of its obligations. The value of securities or other instruments may also be affected by various factors, including, without limitation: (i) the general economy; (ii) the overall market as well as local, regional or global political and/or social instability; (iii) regulation, taxation or international tax treaties between various countries; or (iv) currency, interest rate and price fluctuations. Local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, recessions, or other events could have a significant impact on the Trust and its investments.
 
 
N O T E S  T O  F I N A N C I A L  S T A T E M E N T S
   25
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
 
The Trust may hold a significant amount of bonds subject to calls by the issuers at defined dates and prices. When bonds are called by issuers and the Trust reinvests the proceeds received, such investments may be in securities with lower yields than the bonds originally held, and correspondingly, could adversely impact the yield and total return performance of the Trust.
The Build America Bonds (“BABs”) market is smaller, less diverse and less liquid than other types of municipal securities. Since the BABs program expired on December 31, 2010 and was not extended, BABs may be less actively traded, which may negatively affect the value of BABs held by the Trust.
The Trust may invest in BABs. Issuers of direct pay BABs held in the Trust’s portfolio receive a subsidy from the U.S. Treasury with respect to interest payment on bonds. There is no assurance that an issuer will comply with the requirements to receive such subsidy or that such subsidy will not be reduced or terminated altogether in the future. As of period end, the subsidy that issuers of direct payment BABs receive from the U.S. Treasury has been reduced as the result of budgetary sequestration, which has resulted, and which may continue to result, in early redemptions of BABs at par value. The early redemption of BABs at par value may result in a potential loss in value for investors of such BABs, including the Trust, who may have purchased the securities at prices above par, and may require the Trust to reinvest redemption proceeds in lower-yielding securities which could reduce the Trust’s income and distributions. Moreover, the elimination or reduction in subsidy from the federal government may adversely affect an issuer’s ability to repay or refinance BABs and the BABs’ credit ratings, which, in turn, may adversely affect the value of the BABs held by the Trust and the Trust’s NAV.
Illiquidity Risk: The Trust may invest without limitation in illiquid or less liquid investments or investments in which no secondary market is readily available or which are otherwise illiquid, including private placement securities. The Trust may not be able to readily dispose of such investments at prices that approximate those at which the Trust could sell such investments if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Trust may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise funds to meet its obligations. Limited liquidity can also affect the market price of investments, thereby adversely affecting the Trust’s NAV and ability to make dividend distributions. Privately issued debt securities are often of below investment grade quality, frequently are unrated and present many of the same risks as investing in below investment grade public debt securities.
Market Risk: The Trust may be exposed to prepayment risk, which is the risk that borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled during periods of declining interest rates, which would force the Trust to reinvest in lower yielding securities. The Trust may also be exposed to reinvestment risk, which is the risk that income from the Trust’s portfolio will decline if the Trust invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called fixed-income securities at market interest rates that are below the Trust portfolio’s current earnings rate.
Municipal securities are subject to the risk that litigation, legislation or other political events, local business or economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, or the bankruptcy of the issuer could have a significant effect on an issuer’s ability to make payments of principal and/or interest or otherwise affect the value of such securities. Municipal securities can be significantly affected by political or economic changes, including changes made in the law after issuance of the securities, as well as uncertainties in the municipal market related to, taxation, legislative changes or the rights of municipal security holders, including in connection with an issuer insolvency. Municipal securities backed by current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets can be negatively affected by the discontinuance of the tax benefits supporting the project or assets or the inability to collect revenues for the project or from the assets. Municipal securities may be less liquid than taxable bonds, and there may be less publicly available information on the financial condition of municipal security issuers than for issuers of other securities.
Counterparty Credit Risk: The Trust may be exposed to counterparty credit risk, or the risk that an entity may fail to or be unable to perform on its commitments related to unsettled or open transactions, including making timely interest and/or principal payments or otherwise honoring its obligations. The Trust manages counterparty credit risk by entering into transactions only with counterparties that the Manager believes have the financial resources to honor their obligations and by monitoring the financial stability of those counterparties. Financial assets, which potentially expose the Trust to market, issuer and counterparty credit risks, consist principally of financial instruments and receivables due from counterparties. The extent of the Trust’s exposure to market, issuer and counterparty credit risks with respect to these financial assets is approximately their value recorded in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities, less any collateral held by the Trust.
A derivative contract may suffer a mark-to-market loss if the value of the contract decreases due to an unfavorable change in the market rates or values of the underlying instrument. Losses can also occur if the counterparty does not perform under the contract.
With exchange-traded futures, there is less counterparty credit risk to the Trust since the exchange or clearinghouse, as counterparty to such instruments, guarantees against a possible default. The clearinghouse stands between the buyer and the seller of the contract; therefore, credit risk is limited to failure of the clearinghouse. While offset rights may exist under applicable law, the Trust does not have a contractual right of offset against a clearing broker or clearinghouse in the event of a default (including the bankruptcy or insolvency). Additionally, credit risk exists in exchange-traded futures with respect to initial and variation margin that is held in a clearing broker’s customer accounts. While clearing brokers are required to segregate customer margin from their own assets, in the event that a clearing broker becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy and at that time there is a shortfall in the aggregate amount of margin held by the clearing broker for all its clients, typically the shortfall would be allocated on a pro rata basis across all the clearing broker’s customers, potentially resulting in losses to the Trust.
Geographic/Asset Class Risk: A diversified portfolio, where this is appropriate and consistent with a fund’s objectives, minimizes the risk that a price change of a particular investment will have a material impact on the NAV of a fund. The investment concentrations within the Trust’s portfolio are disclosed in its Schedule of Investments.
The Trust invests a substantial amount of its assets in issuers located in a single state or limited number of states. When a fund concentrates its investments in this manner, it assumes the risk that economic, regulatory, political or social conditions affecting that state or group of states could have a significant impact on the fund and could affect the income from, or the value or liquidity of, the fund’s portfolio. Investment percentages in specific states or U.S. territories are presented in the Schedule of Investments.
The Trust invests a significant portion of its assets in fixed-income securities and/or uses derivatives tied to the fixed-income markets. Changes in market interest rates or economic conditions may affect the value and/or liquidity of such investments. Interest rate risk is the risk that prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities will decrease as interest rates rise and increase as interest rates fall. The Trust may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the period of historically low interest rates that ended in March 2022. The Federal Reserve has recently been raising the federal funds rate as part of its efforts to address inflation. There is a risk that interest rates will continue to rise, which will likely drive down the prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities, and could negatively impact the Trust’s performance.
 
 
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Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
 
The Trust invests a significant portion of its assets in securities of issuers located in the United States. A decrease in imports or exports, changes in trade regulations, inflation and/or an economic recession in the United States may have a material adverse effect on the U.S. economy and the securities listed on U.S. exchanges. Proposed and adopted policy and legislative changes in the United States may also have a significant effect on U.S. markets generally, as well as on the value of certain securities. Governmental agencies project that the United States will continue to maintain elevated public debt levels for the foreseeable future which may constrain future economic growth. Circumstances could arise that could prevent the timely payment of interest or principal on U.S. government debt, such as reaching the legislative “debt ceiling.” Such non-payment would result in substantial negative consequences for the U.S. economy and the global financial system. If U.S. relations with certain countries deteriorate, it could adversely affect issuers that rely on the United States for trade. The United States has also experienced increased internal unrest and discord. If these trends were to continue, they may have an adverse impact on the U.S. economy and the issuers in which the Trust invests.
10. CAPITAL SHARE TRANSACTIONS
The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares, all of which were initially classified as Common Shares. The par value for the Trust’s Common Shares is $0.001. The Board is authorized, however, to reclassify any unissued Common Shares to Preferred Shares without the approval of Common Shareholders.
For the periods shown, shares issued and outstanding increased by the following amounts as a result of dividend reinvestment:
 
 
  
     Year Ended  
  
 
 
  
Trust Name    12/31/23      12/31/22  
 
  
BBN
      —        50,021  
 
  
The Trust participates in an open market share repurchase program (the “Repurchase Program”). From December 1, 2022 through November 30, 2023, the Trust may repurchase up to 5% of its outstanding common shares under the Repurchase Program, based on common shares outstanding as of the close of business on November 30, 2022, subject to certain conditions. From December 1, 2023 through November 30, 2024, the Trust may repurchase up to 5% of its outstanding common shares under the Repurchase Program, based on common shares outstanding as of the close of business on November 30, 2023, subject to certain conditions. The Repurchase Program has an accretive effect as shares are purchased at a discount to the Trust’s NAV. There is no assurance that the Trust will purchase shares in any particular amounts. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Trust did not repurchase any shares.
BBN has filed a prospectus with the SEC allowing it to issue an additional 20,000,000 Common Shares through an equity Shelf Offering. Under the Shelf Offering, BBN, subject to market conditions, may raise additional equity capital from time to time in varying amounts and utilizing various offering methods at a net price at or above the Trust’s NAV per Common Share (calculated within 48 hours of pricing). As of period end, 15,569,359 Common Shares remain available for issuance under the Shelf Offering. During the year ended December 31, 2023, BBN issued 5,932 shares under the Shelf Offering. See Additional Information - Shelf Offering Program for additional information.
Initial costs incurred by BBN in connection with its Shelf Offering are recorded as “Deferred offering costs” in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. As shares are sold, a portion of the costs attributable to the shares sold will be charged against paid-in-capital. Any remaining deferred charges at the end of the Shelf Offering period will be charged to expense.
11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Management’s evaluation of the impact of all subsequent events on the Trust’s financial statements was completed through the date the financial statements were issued and the following items were noted:
The Trust declared and paid or will pay distributions to Common Shareholders as follows:
 
         
Trust Name    Declaration
Date		      Record
Date		      Payable/
Paid Date		      Dividend Per
Common Share		  
BBN
      01/02/24        01/12/24        01/31/24      $    0.092900  
       02/01/24         02/15/24        02/29/24        0.092900  
Effective February 10, 2024, BBN is no longer actively engaged in a Shelf Offering and has no effective registration statement or current prospectus for the sale of Common Shares.
 
 
N O T E S  T O  F I N A N C I A L  S T A T E M E N T S
   27
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm   
 
To the Shareholders and the Board of Trustees of BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust:
Opinion on the Financial Statements and Financial Highlights
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (the “Fund”), including the schedule of investments, as of December 31, 2023, the related statements of operations and cash flows for the year then ended, the statements of changes in net assets for each of the two years in the period then ended, the financial highlights for each of the two years in the period then ended, for the period from August 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021, and for each of the three years in the period ended July 31, 2021, and the related notes. In our opinion, the financial statements and financial highlights present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of December 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and cash flows for the year then ended, the changes in its net assets for each of the two years in the period then ended and the financial highlights for each of the two years in the period then ended, for the period from August 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021, and for each of the three years in the period ended July 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements and financial highlights are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements and financial highlights based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Fund is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements and financial highlights, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements and financial highlights. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements and financial highlights. Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of December 31, 2023, by correspondence with custodians or counterparties; when replies were not received, we performed other auditing procedures. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Deloitte & Touche LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 23, 2024
We have served as the auditor of one or more BlackRock investment companies since 1992.
 
 
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Important Tax Information (unaudited)   
 
The Trust hereby designates the following amount, or maximum amount allowable by law, of distributions from direct federal obligation interest for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023:
 
Trust Name   Federal Obligation
Interest		  
BBN
   $ 81,396  
The law varies in each state as to whether and what percent of ordinary income dividends attributable to federal obligations is exempt from state income tax. Shareholders are advised to check with their tax advisers to determine if any portion of the dividends received is exempt from state income tax.
The Trust hereby designates the following amount, or maximum amount allowable by law, as interest income eligible to be treated as a Section 163(j) interest dividend for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023:
 
Trust Name   Interest
Dividends		  
BBN
   $ 54,395,657  
The Trust hereby designates the following amount, or maximum amount allowable by law, as interest-related dividends eligible for exemption from U.S. withholding tax for nonresident aliens and foreign corporations for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023:
 
Trust Name   Interest-
Related
Dividends		  
BBN
   $ 54,395,657  
 
 
I M P O R T A N T  T A X  I N F O R M A T I O N
   29
Investment Objectives, Policies and Risks
 
Recent Changes
The following information is a summary of certain changes since December 31, 2022. This information may not reflect all of the changes that have occurred since you purchased the Trust.
During the Trust’s most recent fiscal year, there were no material changes in the Trust’s investment objectives or policies that have not been approved by shareholders or in the principal risk factors associated with investment in the Trust.
Investment Objectives and Policies
The Trust’s primary investment objective is to seek high current income, with a secondary objective of capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the Trust will achieve its investment objectives. The Trust’s investment objectives are not fundamental and may be changed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board”).
The Trust seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in a portfolio of taxable municipal securities, including Build America Bonds (“BABs”), issued by state and local governments to finance capital projects such as public schools, roads, transportation infrastructure, bridges, ports and public buildings. BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Manager”) will use its in-depth expertise in the municipal securities market to assemble the Trust’s portfolio. As market conditions permit and based upon the Manager’s assessment of the interest rate environment, the Trust may opportunistically hedge its duration in an attempt to protect against the risk of rising interest rates, although no assurance can be given that this strategy will be successful. Duration, in comparison to maturity (which is the date on which the issuer of a debt instrument is obligated to repay the principal amount), is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result in changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instrument’s expected principal and interest payments. Duration differs from maturity in that it takes into account a security’s yield, coupon payments and its principal payments in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration.
The Trust may invest in taxable municipal securities and tax-exempt municipal securities, including municipal bonds and notes, certificates of participation, other securities issued to finance and refinance public projects, and other related securities and derivative instruments creating exposure to municipal bonds, notes and securities. Under normal market conditions, the Trust will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in taxable municipal securities, which include BABs. This investment policy may be changed by the Board upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders. The Trust may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in securities other than taxable municipal securities. Such other securities include tax-exempt securities, U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities and corporate bonds issued by issuers that have, in the Manager’s view, typically been associated with or sold in the municipal market. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Trust (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Trust’s accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes). For the avoidance of doubt, assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes includes the portion of the Trust’s assets in an issuer of tender option bonds of which the Trust owns the TOB Residual (as defined below).
Under normal market conditions, the Trust will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in securities that at the time of investment are investment grade quality. Investment grade quality securities are securities rated within the four highest grades (“Baa” or “BBB” or better) by Moody’s Investor Service Inc. (“Moody’s”), S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”) or securities that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Manager. The Trust may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade quality by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch or that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Manager. Certain of the Trust’s investments may be illiquid.
BABs are taxable municipal securities issued by state and local governments. Municipal securities include, among other things, bonds, notes, leases and certificates of participation. Municipal securities may be structured as callable or non-callable, may have payment forms that include fixed-coupon, variable rate and zero coupon, and may include capital appreciation bonds, floating rate securities, inverse floating rate securities (including TOB Residuals), inflation-linked securities and other derivative instruments that replicate investment exposure to such securities. BABs, as municipal securities, may be structured in any of the foregoing ways and new versions of BABs may be offered in the future. The Trust may invest in any of these BABs or municipal securities, and may acquire them through investments in pooled vehicles, partnerships or other investment companies. The Trust may also purchase BABs and other municipal securities representing a wide range of sectors and purposes.
The Trust may purchase municipal securities that are additionally secured by insurance, bank credit agreements or escrow accounts. The credit quality of companies which provide these credit enhancements will affect the value of those securities. Although the insurance feature reduces certain financial risks, the premiums for insurance and the higher market price paid for insured obligations may reduce the Trust’s income. Insurance generally will be obtained from insurers with a claims-paying ability rated Baa or BBB or better by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch. The insurance feature does not guarantee the market value of the insured obligations or the net asset value of the common shares. The Trust may purchase insured securities and may purchase insurance for bonds in its portfolio.
The credit quality policies noted above apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Trust is not required to dispose of a security in the event that a rating agency downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issue. In determining whether to retain or sell such a security, the Manager may consider such factors as its assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of such security, the price at which such security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to such security by other rating agencies.
The Trust may implement various temporary “defensive” strategies at times when the Manager determines that conditions in the markets or the termination of the Trust makes pursuing the Trust’s basic investment strategy inconsistent with the best interests of its shareholders. These strategies may include investing all or a portion of the Trust’s assets in U.S. Government obligations and high-quality, short-term debt securities that may be either tax-exempt or taxable.
The Trust originally sought to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in a portfolio of BABs, which are taxable municipal securities issued pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “ARRA”). Under the terms of the ARRA, issuers of direct pay BABs are eligible to receive a subsidy from the U.S. Treasury of up to 35% of the interest paid on the bonds. Given the uncertainty around the BABs program at the time of the Trust’s launch in 2010, the Trust’s initial public offering prospectus included a Contingent Review Provision. For any 24-month period, if there were no new issuances of BABs or other analogous taxable municipal securities, the Board would undertake an evaluation of potential actions with respect to the Trust (the “Contingent Review Provision”). Under the Contingent Review Provision, such
 
 
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Investment Objectives, Policies and Risks (continued)
 
potential action included changes to the Trust’s non-fundamental investment policies to broaden its primary investment focus to include taxable municipal securities generally. The BABs program expired on December 31, 2010 and was not renewed. Accordingly, there have been no new issuances of BABs since that date. Pursuant to the Contingent Review Provision, on June 12, 2015, the Board approved a proposal to amend the Trust’s 80% investment policy to include all taxable municipal securities, including BABs, and to change the name of the Trust, which changes became effective on August 25, 2015.
Leverage: The Trust may utilize leverage to seek to enhance the yield and net asset value of its common shares. However, this objective cannot be achieved in all interest rate environments. The Trust may leverage its assets through the use of residual interest municipal tender option bonds (“TOB Residuals”), which are derivative interests in municipal bonds. The Trust may use combined leverage of up to 100% of its net assets (50% of its Managed Assets), all or a portion of which may be effected through the use of TOB Residuals.
The Trust may enter into derivative securities transactions that have leverage embedded in them.
The Trust may utilize reverse repurchase agreements.
The Trust may borrow through a credit facility.
The Trust may also borrow money as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including the payment of dividends and the settlement of securities transactions which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of Trust securities.
Risk Factors
This section contains a discussion of the general risks of investing in the Trust. The net asset value and market price of, and dividends paid on, the common shares will fluctuate with and be affected by, among other things, the risks more fully described below. As with any fund, there can be no guarantee that the Trust will meet its investment objective or that the Trust’s performance will be positive for any period of time. The order of the below risk factors does not indicate significance of any particular risk factor.
Investment and Market Discount Risk: An investment in the Trust’s common shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire amount that you invest. As with any stock, the price of the Trust’s common shares will fluctuate with market conditions and other factors. If shares are sold, the price received may be more or less than the original investment. Common shares are designed for long-term investors and the Trust should not be treated as a trading vehicle. Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. This risk is separate and distinct from the risk that the Trust’s net asset value could decrease as a result of its investment activities. At any point in time an investment in the Trust’s common shares may be worth less than the original amount invested, even after taking into account distributions paid by the Trust. During periods in which the Trust may use leverage, the Trust’s investment, market discount and certain other risks will be magnified.
Debt Securities Risk: Debt securities, such as bonds, involve interest rate risk, such as credit risk, interest rate risk, extension risk, and prepayment risk, each of which are described in further detail below:
 
  •  
Credit Risk – Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make payments of interest and principal when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Trust’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on both the financial condition of the issuer and the terms of the obligation.
 
  •  
Interest Rate Risk – The market value of bonds and other fixed-income securities changes in response to interest rate changes and other factors. Interest rate risk is the risk that prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise.
The Trust may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the recent period of historically low interest rates. For example, if interest rates increase by 1%, assuming a current portfolio duration of ten years, and all other factors being equal, the value of the Trust’s investments would be expected to decrease by 10%. (Duration is a measure of the price sensitivity of a debt security or portfolio of debt securities to relative changes in interest rates.) The magnitude of these fluctuations in the market price of bonds and other fixed-income securities is generally greater for those securities with longer maturities. Fluctuations in the market price of the Trust’s investments will not affect interest income derived from instruments already owned by the Trust, but will be reflected in the Trust’s net asset value. The Trust may lose money if short-term or long-term interest rates rise sharply in a manner not anticipated by Trust management.
To the extent the Trust invests in debt securities that may be prepaid at the option of the obligor (such as mortgage-backed securities), the sensitivity of such securities to changes in interest rates may increase (to the detriment of the Trust) when interest rates rise. Moreover, because rates on certain floating rate debt securities typically reset only periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates (and particularly sudden and significant changes) can be expected to cause some fluctuations in the net asset value of the Trust to the extent that it invests in floating rate debt securities.
These basic principles of bond prices also apply to U.S. Government securities. A security backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government is guaranteed only as to its stated interest rate and face value at maturity, not its current market price. Just like other fixed-income securities, government-guaranteed securities will fluctuate in value when interest rates change.
A general rise in interest rates has the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities. Heavy redemptions could cause the Trust to sell assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value and could hurt the Trust’s performance.
 
  •  
Extension Risk – When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall.
 
 
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Investment Objectives, Policies and Risks (continued)
 
  •  
Prepayment Risk – When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Trust may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields.
Build America Bonds Risk: BABs involve similar risks as municipal bonds, including credit and market risk. In particular, should a BABs issuer fail to continue to meet the applicable requirements imposed on the bonds as provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, it is possible that such issuer may not receive federal cash subsidy payments, impairing the issuer’s ability to make scheduled interest payments. The BAB program expired on December 31, 2010 and no further issuance is permitted unless Congress renews the program. As a result, the number of available BABs is limited, which may negatively affect the value of the BABs. While an active trading market for BABs has generally existed since the expiration of the BAB program, there can be no assurance that BABs will remain actively traded. It is difficult to predict the extent to which a market for such bonds will continue, meaning that BABs may experience greater illiquidity than other municipal obligations. The BABs outstanding as of December 31, 2010 will continue to be eligible for the federal interest rate subsidy, which continues for the life of the BABs; however, no bonds issued following expiration of the BAB program will be eligible for the U.S. federal tax subsidy. Pursuant to certain federal budget legislation adopted in August 2011, starting as of March 1, 2013, the government’s BAB subsidy payments were reduced as part of a government-wide “sequestration” of many program expenditures. Such cuts may end earlier if rescinded by Congress. Due to continuing uncertainty related to Congressional budget deficit reduction, there is a possibility that federal funds allocated to subsidize issuers of BABs for a portion of the interest paid by such issuers could be further reduced or eliminated in the future. To the extent the federal subsidy is reduced or eliminated, there is a risk that issuers of BABs could redeem bonds prior to their stated maturities based on the redemption language applicable to specific issues of BABs. Once such redemption provisions permit redemption of BABs because the subsidy is reduced or eliminated, issuers may be able to redeem BABs even after any reduction in the subsidy has ended. The Fund cannot predict future reductions in the federal subsidy for BABs.
Municipal Securities Risks: Municipal securities risks include the ability of the issuer to repay the obligation, the relative lack of information about certain issuers of municipal securities, and the possibility of future legislative changes which could affect the market for and value of municipal securities. Budgetary constraints of local, state, and federal governments upon which the issuers may be relying for funding may also impact municipal securities. These risks include:
 
  •  
General Obligation Bonds Risks – Timely payments depend on the issuer’s credit quality, ability to raise tax revenues and ability to maintain an adequate tax base.
 
  •  
Revenue Bonds Risks – These payments depend on the money earned by the particular facility or class of facilities, or the amount of revenues derived from another source.
 
  •  
Private Activity Bonds Risks – Municipalities and other public authorities issue private activity bonds to finance development of industrial facilities for use by a private enterprise. The private enterprise pays the principal and interest on the bond, and the issuer does not pledge its full faith, credit and taxing power for repayment. The Trust’s investments may consist of private activity bonds that may subject certain shareholders to an alternative minimum tax.
 
  •  
Moral Obligation Bonds Risks – Moral obligation bonds are generally issued by special purpose public authorities of a state or municipality. If the issuer is unable to meet its obligations, repayment of these bonds becomes a moral commitment, but not a legal obligation, of the state or municipality.
 
  •  
Municipal Notes Risks – Municipal notes are shorter term municipal debt obligations. If there is a shortfall in the anticipated proceeds, the notes may not be fully repaid and the Trust may lose money.
 
  •  
Municipal Lease Obligations Risks – In a municipal lease obligation, the issuer agrees to make payments when due on the lease obligation. Although the issuer does not pledge its unlimited taxing power for payment of the lease obligation, the lease obligation is secured by the leased property.
 
  •  
Tax-Exempt Status Risk – The Trust and its investment manager will rely on the opinion of issuers’ bond counsel and, in the case of derivative securities, sponsors’ counsel, on the tax-exempt status of interest on municipal bonds and payments under derivative securities. Neither the Trust nor its investment manager will independently review the bases for those tax opinions, which may ultimately be determined to be incorrect and subject the Trust and its shareholders to substantial tax liabilities.
Reinvestment Risk: Proceeds from a current investment of the Trust, both interest payments and principal payments, may be reinvested in instruments that offer lower yields than the current investment due in part to market conditions and the interest rate environment at the time of reinvestment. Reinvestment risk is greater on short- to intermediate-term loans.
Insurance Risk: Insurance guarantees that interest payments on a municipal security will be made on time and that the principal will be repaid when the security matures. However, insurance does not protect against losses caused by declines in a municipal security’s value. The Trust cannot be certain that any insurance company will make the payments it guarantees. If a municipal security’s insurer fails to fulfill its obligations or loses its credit rating, the value of the security could drop.
High Yield Bonds Risk: Although junk bonds generally pay higher rates of interest than investment grade bonds, junk bonds are high risk investments that are considered speculative and may cause income and principal losses for the Trust.
Zero Coupon Securities Risk: While interest payments are not made on such securities, holders of such securities are deemed to have received income (“phantom income”) annually, notwithstanding that cash may not be received currently. The effect of owning instruments that do not make current interest payments is that a fixed yield is earned not only on the original investment but also, in effect, on all discount accretion during the life of the obligations. This implicit reinvestment of earnings at a fixed rate eliminates the risk of being unable to invest distributions at a rate as high as the implicit yield on the zero coupon bond, but at the same time eliminates the holder’s ability to reinvest at higher rates in the future. For this reason, some of these securities may be subject to substantially greater price fluctuations during periods of changing market interest rates than are comparable securities that pay interest currently. Longer term zero coupon bonds are more exposed to interest rate risk than shorter term zero coupon bonds. These investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of cash.
 
 
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Investment Objectives, Policies and Risks (continued)
 
Variable and Floating Rate Instrument Risk: Variable and floating rate securities provide for periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the securities. These securities may be subject to greater illiquidity risk than other fixed income securities, meaning the absence of an active market for these securities could make it difficult for the Trust to dispose of them at any given time.
Indexed and Inverse Securities Risk: Indexed and inverse securities provide a potential return based on a particular index of value or interest rates. The Trust’s return on these securities will be subject to risk with respect to the value of the particular index. These securities are subject to leverage risk and correlation risk. Certain indexed and inverse securities have greater sensitivity to changes in interest rates or index levels than other securities, and the Trust’s investment in such instruments may decline significantly in value if interest rates or index levels move in a way Trust management does not anticipate.
U.S. Government Obligations Risk: Certain securities in which the Trust may invest, including securities issued by certain U.S. Government agencies and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises, are not guaranteed by the U.S. Government or supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. In addition, circumstances could arise that could prevent the timely payment of interest or principal on U.S. Government obligations, such as reaching the legislative “debt ceiling.” Such non-payment could result in losses to the Trust and substantial negative consequences for the U.S. economy and the global financial system.
Economic Sector and Geographic Risk: The Trust, as a fundamental policy, may not invest 25% or more of the value of its Managed Assets in any one industry. However, this limitation does not apply to securities of the U.S. Government, any state government or their respective agencies, or instrumentalities and securities backed by the credit of any federal or state governmental entity. As such, the Trust may invest 25% of more of its Managed Assets in municipal securities of issuers in the same state (or U.S. Territory) or in the same economic sector. If the Trust does so, this may make it more susceptible to adverse economic, political or regulatory occurrences affecting a particular state or economic sector.
Leverage Risk: The Trust’s use of leverage may increase or decrease from time to time in its discretion and the Trust may, in the future, determine not to use leverage.
The use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased common share net investment income dividends, but also creates risks for the holders of common shares. The Trust cannot assure you that the use of leverage will result in a higher yield on the common shares. Any leveraging strategy the Trust employs may not be successful.
Leverage involves risks and special considerations for common shareholders, including:
 
  •  
the likelihood of greater volatility of net asset value, market price and dividend rate of the common shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage;
 
  •  
the risk that fluctuations in interest rates or dividend rates on any leverage that the Trust must pay will reduce the return to the common shareholders;
 
  •  
the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the net asset value of the common shares than if the Trust were not leveraged, which may result in a greater decline in the market price of the common shares;
 
  •  
leverage may increase operating costs, which may reduce total return.
Any decline in the net asset value of the Trust’s investments will be borne entirely by the holders of common shares. Therefore, if the market value of the Trust’s portfolio declines, leverage will result in a greater decrease in net asset value to the holders of common shares than if the Trust were not leveraged. This greater net asset value decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market price for the common shares.
Tender Option Bonds Risk: The Trust’s participation in tender option bond transactions may reduce the Trust’s returns and/or increase volatility. Investments in tender option bond transactions expose the Trust to counterparty risk and leverage risk. An investment in a tender option bond transaction typically will involve greater risk than an investment in a municipal fixed rate security, including the risk of loss of principal. Distributions on TOB Residuals will bear an inverse relationship to short-term municipal security interest rates. Distributions on TOB Residuals paid to the Trust will be reduced or, in the extreme, eliminated as short-term municipal interest rates rise and will increase when short-term municipal interest rates fall. TOB Residuals generally will underperform the market for fixed rate municipal securities in a rising interest rate environment. The Trust may invest in special purpose trusts formed for the purpose of holding municipal bonds contributed by one or more funds (“TOB Trusts”) on either a non-recourse or recourse basis. If the Trust invests in a TOB Trust on a recourse basis, it could suffer losses in excess of the value of its TOB Residuals.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk: Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Trust with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the other party may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. The Trust could lose money if it is unable to recover the securities and the value of the collateral held by the Trust, including the value of the investments made with cash collateral, is less than the value of the securities. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences for the Trust. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the interest income earned in the investment of the proceeds will be less than the interest expense.
Illiquid Investments Risk: The Trust may invest without limitation in illiquid or less liquid investments or investments in which no secondary market is readily available or which are otherwise illiquid, including private placement securities. The Trust may not be able to readily dispose of such investments at prices that approximate those at which the Trust could sell such investments if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Trust may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. Limited liquidity can also affect the market price of investments, thereby adversely affecting the Trust’s net asset value and ability to make dividend distributions. The financial markets in general, and certain segments of the mortgage-related securities markets in particular, have in recent years experienced periods of extreme secondary market supply and demand imbalance, resulting in a loss of liquidity during which market prices were suddenly and substantially below traditional measures of intrinsic value. During such periods, some investments could be sold only at arbitrary prices and with substantial losses. Periods of such market dislocation may occur again at any time. Privately issued debt securities are often of below investment grade quality, frequently are unrated and present many of the same risks as investing in below investment grade public debt securities.
 
 
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   33
Investment Objectives, Policies and Risks (continued)
 
Investment Companies and ETFs Risk: Subject to the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules thereunder, the Trust may acquire shares in other investment companies and in exchange-traded Trusts (“ETFs”), some of which may be affiliated investment companies. The market value of the shares of other investment companies and ETFs may differ from their net asset value. As an investor in investment companies and ETFs, the Trust would bear its ratable share of that entity’s expenses, including its investment advisory and administration fees, while continuing to pay its own advisory and administration fees and other expenses (to the extent not offset by the Manager through waivers). As a result, shareholders will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in other investment companies and ETFs (to the extent not offset by the Manager through waivers).
The securities of other investment companies and ETFs in which the Trust may invest may be leveraged. As a result, the Trust may be indirectly exposed to leverage through an investment in such securities. An investment in securities of other investment companies and ETFs that use leverage may expose the Trust to higher volatility in the market value of such securities and the possibility that the Trust’s long-term returns on such securities (and, indirectly, the long-term returns of shares of the Trust) will be diminished.
As with other investments, investments in other investment companies, including ETFs, are subject to market and selection risk. To the extent the Trust is held by an affiliated Trust, the ability of the Trust itself to hold other investment companies may be limited.
Derivatives Risk: The Trust’s use of derivatives may increase its costs, reduce the Trust’s returns and/or increase volatility. Derivatives involve significant risks, including:
 
  •  
Leverage Risk – The Trust’s use of derivatives can magnify the Trust’s gains and losses. Relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of a derivatives position and can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
 
  •  
Market Risk – Some derivatives are more sensitive to interest rate changes and market price fluctuations than other securities. The Trust could also suffer losses related to its derivatives positions as a result of unanticipated market movements, which losses are potentially unlimited. Finally, the Manager may not be able to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates and other economic factors, which could cause the Trust’s derivatives positions to lose value.
 
  •  
Counterparty Risk – Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will be unable or unwilling to fulfill its contractual obligation, and the related risks of having concentrated exposure to such a counterparty.
 
  •  
Illiquidity Risk – The possible lack of a liquid secondary market for derivatives and the resulting inability of the Trust to sell or otherwise close a derivatives position could expose the Trust to losses and could make derivatives more difficult for the Trust to value accurately.
 
  •  
Operational Risk – The use of derivatives includes the risk of potential operational issues, including documentation issues, settlement issues, systems failures, inadequate controls and human error.
 
  •  
Legal Risk – The risk of insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of counterparty, or legality or enforceability of a contract.
 
  •  
Volatility and Correlation Risk – Volatility is defined as the characteristic of a security, an index or a market to fluctuate significantly in price within a short time period. A risk of the Trust’s use of derivatives is that the fluctuations in their values may not correlate with the overall securities markets.
 
  •  
Valuation Risk – Valuation for derivatives may not be readily available in the market. Valuation may be more difficult in times of market turmoil since many investors and market makers may be reluctant to purchase complex instruments or quote prices for them.
 
  •  
Hedging Risk – Hedges are sometimes subject to imperfect matching between the derivative and the underlying security, and there can be no assurance that the Trust’s hedging transactions will be effective. The use of hedging may result in certain adverse tax consequences.
 
  •  
Tax Risk – Certain aspects of the tax treatment of derivative instruments, including swap agreements and commodity-linked derivative instruments, are currently unclear and may be affected by changes in legislation, regulations or other legally binding authority. Such treatment may be less favorable than that given to a direct investment in an underlying asset and may adversely affect the timing, character and amount of income the Trust realizes from its investments.
Risk of Investing in the United States: Certain changes in the U.S. economy, such as when the U.S. economy weakens or when its financial markets decline, may have an adverse effect on the securities to which the Trust has exposure.
Market Risk and Selection Risk: Market risk is the risk that one or more markets in which the Trust invests will go down in value, including the possibility that the markets will go down sharply and unpredictably. The value of a security or other asset may decline due to changes in general market conditions, economic trends or events that are not specifically related to the issuer of the security or other asset, or factors that affect a particular issuer or issuers, exchange, country, group of countries, region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class. Local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues like pandemics or epidemics, recessions, or other events could have a significant impact on the Trust and its investments. Selection risk is the risk that the securities selected by Trust management will underperform the markets, the relevant indices or the securities selected by other funds with similar investment objectives and investment strategies. This means you may lose money.
An outbreak of an infectious coronavirus (COVID-19) that was first detected in December 2019 developed into a global pandemic that has resulted in numerous disruptions in the market and has had significant economic impact leaving general concern and uncertainty. Although vaccines have been developed and approved for use by various governments, the duration of the pandemic and its effects cannot be predicted with certainty. The impact of this coronavirus, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could affect the economies of many nations, individual companies and the market in general ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time.
Shareholder Activism Risk: Shareholder activism involving closed-end funds has recently been increasing. Shareholder activism can take many forms, including engaging in public campaigns to demand that the Trust consider significant transactions such as a tender offer, merger or liquidation or to attempt to influence the Trust’s corporate
 
 
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Investment Objectives, Policies and Risks (continued)
 
governance and/or management, commencing proxy contests to attempt to elect the activists’ representatives or others to the Trust’s Board of Trustees, or to seek other actions such as a termination of the Trust’s investment advisory contract with its current investment manager or commencing litigation. If the Trust becomes the subject of shareholder activism, then management and the Board may be required to divert significant resources and attention to respond to the activist and the Trust may incur substantial costs defending against such activism if management and the Board determine that the activist’s demands are not in the best interest of the Trust. Further, the Trust’s share price could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and uncertainties of any shareholder activism.
 
 
I N V E S T M E N T  O B J E C T I V E S ,  P O L I C I E S  A N D  R I S K S
   35
Shareholder Update (unaudited)
 
The following information is presented for BBN, in conformance with annual reporting requirements for funds that have filed a shelf offering registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of Form N-2.
Summary of Expenses
The following table and example are intended to assist shareholders in understanding the various costs and expenses directly or indirectly associated with investing in BBN’s common shares.
 
   
     BBN  
Shareholder Transaction Expenses
  
Maximum sales load (as a percentage of offering price)(a)
     1.00 % 
Offering expenses borne by the Trust (as a percentage of offering price)(a)
     0.02 % 
Dividend reinvestment plan fees
    


 $0.02 per share
for open market
purchases of
common shares		  
 
 
(b) 
Dividend reinvestment plan sale transaction fee
     $2.50 (b) 
Estimated Annual Expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to common shares)
  
Investment advisory fees(c)(d)
     0.82 % 
Other expenses
     2.68  
Miscellaneous
     0.05  
Interest expense(e)
     2.63  
Total annual expenses
     3.50  
Fee waivers(d)
     —  
Total annual Trust operating expenses after fee waivers(d)
     3.50  
 
  (a) 
If the common shares are sold to or through underwriters, the Prospectus Supplement will set forth any applicable sales load and the estimated offering expenses. Trust shareholders will pay all offering expenses involved with an offering.
  
  (b) 
Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Reinvestment Plan Agent”) fees for the handling of the reinvestment of dividends will be paid by BBN. However, shareholders will pay a $0.02 per share fee incurred in connection with open-market purchases, which will be deducted from the value of the dividend. Shareholders will also be charged a $2.50 sales fee and pay a $0.15 per share fee if a shareholder directs the Reinvestment Plan Agent to sell the common shares held in a dividend reinvestment account. Per share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Reinvestment Plan Agent is required to pay.
  
  (c) 
BBN currently pays the Manager a monthly fee at an annual contractual investment advisory fee rate of 0.55% of its average daily managed assets. For purposes of calculating this fee, “managed assets” means the total assets of BBN (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) less the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes).
  
  (d) 
BBN and the Manager have entered into a fee waiver agreement (the “Fee Waiver Agreement”), pursuant to which the Manager has contractually agreed to waive the investment advisory fees with respect to any portion of BBN’s assets attributable to investments in any equity and fixed-income mutual funds and ETFs managed by the Manager or its affiliates that have a contractual fee, through June 30, 2025. In addition, pursuant to the Fee Waiver Agreement, the Manager has contractually agreed to waive its investment advisory fees by the amount of investment advisory fees BBN pays to the Manager indirectly through its investment in money market funds managed by the Manager or its affiliates, through June 30, 2025. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, only by BBN (upon the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), of BBN (the “Independent Trustees”)) or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of BBN), upon 90 days’ written notice by BBN to the Manager.
  
  (e) 
Assumes the use of uses leverage in the form of reverse repurchase agreements representing 31.0% of Managed Assets at an annual interest expense to BBN of 5.39%, which is based on current market conditions. The actual amount of interest expense borne by BBN will vary over time in accordance with the level of BBN’s use of reverse repurchase agreements and variations in market interest rates. Interest expense is required to be treated as an expense of BBN for accounting purposes.
  
The following example illustrates BBN’s expenses (including the sales load of $10.00 and offering costs of $0.19) that shareholders would pay on a $1,000 investment in common shares, assuming (i) total net annual expenses of 3.50% of net assets attributable to common shares and (ii) a 5% annual return:
 
     1 Year      3 Years      5 Years      10 Years               
Total expenses incurred
   $ 45      $ 116      $ 190      $ 384                   
The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses. The example assumes that the estimated “Other expenses” set forth in the Estimated Annual Expenses table are accurate and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at NAV. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. BBN’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example.
 
 
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Shareholder Update (unaudited) (continued)
 
Share Price Data
The following table summarizes BBN’s highest and lowest daily closing market prices on the NYSE per common share, the NAV per common share, and the premium to or discount from NAV, on the date of each of the high and low market prices. The trading volume indicates the number of common shares traded on the NYSE during the respective quarters.
 
     NYSE Market Price
Per Common Share		     NAV per Common
Share on Date of
Market Price		     Premium/
(Discount)
on Date of
Market Price		         
During Quarter Ended   High     Low     High     Low     High     Low     Trading Volume  
December 31, 2023
   $ 16.59     $ 14.43     $ 17.99     $ 15.92       (7.78 )%      (9.36 )%      17,149,103  
September 30, 2023
     16.70       14.84       17.90       16.60       (6.70 )      (10.60 )      14,652,256  
June 30, 2023
     18.11       16.44       18.53       17.71       (2.27 )      (7.17 )      10,529,812  
March 31, 2023
     18.30       17.15       18.75       17.75       (2.40 )      (3.38 )      11,995,047  
December 31, 2022
     18.76       15.91       17.53       16.47       7.02       (3.40 )      16,302,037  
September 30, 2022
     20.10       16.35       19.12       17.05       5.13       (4.11 )      16,423,597  
June 30, 2022
     21.91       17.59       21.84       18.79       0.32       (6.39 )      16,962,381  
March 31, 2022
     25.93       20.63       24.92       21.74       4.05       (5.11 )      16,467,240  
As of December 31, 2023, BBN’s market price, NAV per Common Share, and premium/(discount) to NAV per Common Share were $16.26, $18.07, and (10.02)%, respectively.
Common shares of BBN have historically traded at both a premium and discount to NAV.
Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at a discount to their NAV. Because of this possibility and the recognition that any such discount may not be in the interest of shareholders, the Board might consider from time to time engaging in open-market repurchases, managed distribution plans, or other programs intended to reduce the discount. We cannot guarantee or assure, however, that the Board will decide to engage in any of these actions. Nor is there any guarantee or assurance that such actions, if undertaken, would result in the shares trading at a price equal or close to the NAV.
 
 
S H A R E H O L D E R  U P D A T E
   37
Shareholder Update (unaudited) (continued)
 
Financial Highlights
The financial highlights table is intended to help the shareholder to understand BBN’s financial performance for the periods presented. Certain information reflects financial results for a single common share of BBN.
 
    BBN  
    Year Ended
07/31/18		      Year Ended
07/31/17		     Year Ended
07/31/16		      Year Ended
07/31/15		      Year Ended
07/31/14		  
           
Net asset value, beginning of year
   $ 23.45      $ 25.02     $ 22.48      $ 22.98      $ 21.29  
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Net investment income(a)
     1.47        1.58       1.63        1.63        1.59  
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
     (0.32 )       (1.57 )      2.49        (0.55 )       1.68  
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Net increase (decrease) from investment operations
     1.15        0.01       4.12        1.08        3.27  
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Distributions from net investment income(b)
     (1.57 )       (1.58 )      (1.58 )       (1.58 )       (1.58 ) 
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Net asset value, end of year
   $ 23.03      $ 23.45     $ 25.02      $ 22.48      $ 22.98  
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Market price, end of year
   $ 21.99      $ 23.29     $ 24.43      $ 20.36      $ 21.49  
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total Return(c)
             
Based on net asset value
     5.23 %       0.45 %(d)      19.55 %       5.26 %       16.85 % 
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Based on market price
     1.17 %       2.18 %      28.89 %       1.95 %       20.79 % 
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Ratios to Average Net Assets
             
Total expenses
     2.03 %       1.52 %      1.32 %       1.18 %       1.13 % 
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total expenses after fees waived and/or reimbursed
     2.03 %       1.52 %      1.32 %       1.18 %       1.13 % 
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Total expenses after fees waived and/or reimbursed and excluding interest expense
     0.91 %       0.92 %      0.92 %       0.90 %       0.88 % 
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Net investment income
     6.27 %       6.79 %      7.08 %       6.98 %       7.39 % 
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Supplemental Data
             
Net assets, end of year (000)
   $ 1,315,521      $ 1,339,058     $ 1,428,924      $ 1,283,661      $ 1,312,043  
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Borrowings outstanding, end of year (000)
   $ 742,657      $ 729,035     $ 762,748      $ 723,580      $ 615,485  
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
Portfolio turnover rate
     8 %       7 %      10 %       5 %       6 % 
 
 
 
     
 
 
    
 
 
     
 
 
     
 
 
  
 
(a) 
Based on average shares outstanding.
(b) 
Distributions for annual periods determined in accordance with U.S. federal income tax regulations.
(c) 
Total returns based on market price, which can be significantly greater or less than the net asset value, may result in substantially different returns. Where applicable, excludes the effects of any sales charges and assumes the reinvestment of distributions at actual reinvestment prices.
(d) 
The Trust’s total return includes a reimbursement by an affiliate for a realized investment loss. Excluding this payment, the Trust’s total return would have been 0.32%.
 
 
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Automatic Dividend Reinvestment Plan
 
Pursuant to BBN’s Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “Reinvestment Plan”), Common Shareholders are automatically enrolled to have all distributions of dividends and capital gains and other distributions reinvested by Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Reinvestment Plan Agent”) in the Trust’s Common Shares pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan. Shareholders who do not participate in the Reinvestment Plan will receive all distributions in cash paid by check and mailed directly to the shareholders of record (or if the shares are held in street name or other nominee name, then to the nominee) by the Reinvestment Plan Agent, which serves as agent for the shareholders in administering the Reinvestment Plan.
After BBN declares a dividend or determines to make a capital gain or other distribution, the Reinvestment Plan Agent will acquire shares for the participants’ accounts, depending upon the following circumstances, either (i) through receipt of unissued but authorized shares from the Trust (“newly issued shares”) or (ii) by purchase of outstanding shares on the open market or on the Trust’s primary exchange (“open-market purchases”). If, on the dividend payment date, the net asset value (“NAV”) per share is equal to or less than the market price per share plus estimated brokerage commissions (such condition often referred to as a “market premium”), the Reinvestment Plan Agent will invest the dividend amount in newly issued shares acquired on behalf of the participants. The number of newly issued shares to be credited to each participant’s account will be determined by dividing the dollar amount of the dividend by the NAV on the date the shares are issued. However, if the NAV is less than 95% of the market price on the dividend payment date, the dollar amount of the dividend will be divided by 95% of the market price on the dividend payment date. If, on the dividend payment date, the NAV is greater than the market price per share plus estimated brokerage commissions (such condition often referred to as a “market discount”), the Reinvestment Plan Agent will invest the dividend amount in shares acquired on behalf of the participants in open-market purchases. If the Reinvestment Plan Agent is unable to invest the full dividend amount in open-market purchases, or if the market discount shifts to a market premium during the purchase period, the Reinvestment Plan Agent will invest any un-invested portion in newly issued shares. Investments in newly issued shares made in this manner would be made pursuant to the same process described above and the date of issue for such newly issued shares will substitute for the dividend payment date.
You may elect not to participate in the Reinvestment Plan and to receive all dividends in cash by contacting the Reinvestment Plan Agent, at the address set forth below.
Participation in the Reinvestment Plan is completely voluntary and may be terminated or resumed at any time without penalty by notice if received and processed by the Reinvestment Plan Agent prior to the dividend record date. Additionally, the Reinvestment Plan Agent seeks to process notices received after the record date but prior to the payable date and such notices often will become effective by the payable date. Where late notices are not processed by the applicable payable date, such termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any subsequently declared dividend or other distribution.
The Reinvestment Plan Agent’s fees for the handling of the reinvestment of distributions will be paid by the Trust. However, each participant will pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred with respect to the Reinvestment Plan Agent’s open-market purchases in connection with the reinvestment of all distributions. The automatic reinvestment of all distributions will not relieve participants of any U.S. federal, state or local income tax that may be payable on such dividends or distributions.
The Trust reserves the right to amend or terminate the Reinvestment Plan. There is no direct service charge to participants in the Reinvestment Plan; however, the Trust reserves the right to amend the Reinvestment Plan to include a service charge payable by the participants. Participants in BBN that request a sale of shares are subject to a $2.50 sales fee and a $0.15 per share sold fee. Per share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Reinvestment Plan Agent is required to pay. All correspondence concerning the Reinvestment Plan should be directed to Computershare Trust Company, N.A. through the internet at computershare.com/blackrock, or in writing to Computershare, P.O. Box 43006, Providence, RI 02940-3078, Telephone: (800) 699-1236. Overnight correspondence should be directed to the Reinvestment Plan Agent at Computershare, 150 Royall Street, Suite 101, Canton, MA 02021.
 
 
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Trustee and Officer Information
 
Independent Trustees(a)
         
Name
Year of Birth(b)
    Position(s) Held
(Length of Service)(c)		    Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years    Number of BlackRock-Advised
Registered Investment Companies
(“RICs”) Consisting of Investment
Portfolios (“Portfolios”) Overseen		   
Public Company
and Other
Investment
Company
Directorships Held
During
Past 5 Years
R. Glenn Hubbard
1958
    Chair of the Board (Since 2022)
Trustee
(Since 2007)		    Dean, Columbia Business School from 2004 to 2019; Faculty member, Columbia Business School since 1988.    69 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios    ADP (data and information services) from 2004 to 2020; Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (insurance); TotalEnergies SE (multi-energy)
W. Carl Kester(d)
1951
    Vice Chair of the Board (Since 2022)
Trustee
(Since 2007)		    Baker Foundation Professor and George Fisher Baker Jr. Professor of Business Administration, Emeritus, Harvard Business School since 2022; George Fisher Baker Jr. Professor of Business Administration, Harvard Business School from 2008 to 2022; Deputy Dean for Academic Affairs from 2006 to 2010; Chairman of the Finance Unit, from 2005 to 2006; Senior Associate Dean and Chairman of the MBA Program from 1999 to 2005; Member of the faculty of Harvard Business School since 1981.    71 RICs consisting of 104 Portfolios    None
Cynthia L. Egan
1955
    Trustee
(Since 2016)		    Advisor, U.S. Department of the Treasury from 2014 to 2015; President, Retirement Plan Services, for T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. from 2007 to 2012; executive positions within Fidelity Investments from 1989 to 2007.    71 RICs consisting of 104 Portfolios    Unum (insurance); The Hanover Insurance Group (Board Chair); Huntsman Corporation (Lead Independent Director and non- Executive Vice Chair of the Board) (chemical products)
Frank J. Fabozzi(d)
1948
    Trustee
(Since 2007)		    Editor of The Journal of Portfolio Management since 1986; Professor of Finance, EDHEC Business School (France) from 2011 to 2022; Professor of Practice, Johns Hopkins University since 2021; Professor in the Practice of Finance, Yale University School of Management from 1994 to 2011 and currently a Teaching Fellow in Yale’s Executive Programs; Visiting Professor, Rutgers University for the Spring 2019 semester; Visiting Professor, New York University for the 2019 academic year; Adjunct Professor of Finance, Carnegie Mellon University in fall 2020 semester.    71 RICs consisting of 104 Portfolios    None
Lorenzo A. Flores
1964
    Trustee
(Since 2021)		    Vice Chairman, Kioxia, Inc. since 2019; Chief Financial Officer, Xilinx, Inc. from 2016 to 2019; Corporate Controller, Xilinx, Inc. from 2008 to 2016.    69 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios    None
Stayce D. Harris
1959
    Trustee
(Since 2021)		    Lieutenant General, Inspector General of the United States Air Force from 2017 to 2019; Lieutenant General, Assistant Vice Chief of Staff and Director, Air Staff, United States Air Force from 2016 to 2017; Major General, Commander, 22nd Air Force, AFRC, Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia from 2014 to 2016; Pilot, United Airlines from 1990 to 2020.    69 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios    KULR Technology Group, Inc. in 2021; The Boeing Company (airplane manufacturer)
 
 
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Trustee and Officer Information (continued)
 
Independent Trustees(a) (continued)
         
Name
Year of Birth(b)
    Position(s) Held
(Length of Service)(c)		    Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years    Number of BlackRock-Advised
Registered Investment Companies
(“RICs”) Consisting of Investment
Portfolios (“Portfolios”) Overseen		   
Public Company
and Other
Investment
Company
Directorships Held
During
Past 5 Years
J. Phillip Holloman
1955
    Trustee
(Since 2021)		    President and Chief Operating Officer, Cintas Corporation from 2008 to 2018.    69 RICs consisting of 102 Portfolios    PulteGroup, Inc. (home construction); Rockwell Automation Inc. (industrial automation); Vestis Corporation (uniforms and facilities services)
Catherine A. Lynch(d)
1961
   Trustee
(Since 2016)		    Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer and various other positions, National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust from 2003 to 2016; Associate Vice President for Treasury Management, The George Washington University from 1999 to 2003; Assistant Treasurer, Episcopal Church of America from 1995 to 1999.    71 RICs consisting of 104 Portfolios    PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust
Non-Management Interested Trustee(a)(f)
         
Name
Year of Birth(b)
   
Position(s) Held
(Length of Service)
    Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years    Number of BlackRock-Advised
Registered Investment Companies
(“RICs”) Consisting of Investment
Portfolios (“Portfolios”) Overseen		    Public Company
and Other
Investment
Company
Directorships
Held During
Past 5 Years
Arthur P. Steinmetz
1958 		   Trustee
(Since 2023)		    Consultant, Posit PBC (enterprise data science) since 2020; Director, ScotiaBank (U.S.) from 2020 to 2023; Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of OppenheimerFunds, Inc. from 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively to 2019; Trustee, President and Principal Executive Officer of 104 OppenheimerFunds funds from 2014 to 2019; Portfolio manager of various OppenheimerFunds fixed income mutual funds from 1986 to 2014.    70 RICs consisting of 103 Portfolios    Trustee of 104 OppenheimerFunds funds from 2014 to 2019
 
 
T R U S T E E  A N D  O F F I C E R  I N F O R M A T I O N
   41
Trustee and Officer Information (continued)
 
Interested Trustees(a)(e)
         
Name
Year of Birth(b)
   
Position(s) Held
(Length of Service)(c)
    Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years    Number of BlackRock-Advised
Registered Investment Companies
(“RICs”) Consisting of Investment
Portfolios (“Portfolios”) Overseen		    Public Company
and Other
Investment
Company
Directorships
Held During
Past 5 Years
Robert Fairbairn
1965
    Trustee
(Since 2018)		    Vice Chairman of BlackRock, Inc. since 2019; Member of BlackRock’s Global Executive and Global Operating Committees; Co-Chair of BlackRock’s Human Capital Committee; Senior Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. from 2010 to 2019; oversaw BlackRock’s Strategic Partner Program and Strategic Product Management Group from 2012 to 2019; Member of the Board of Managers of BlackRock Investments, LLC from 2011 to 2018; Global Head of BlackRock’s Retail and iShares® businesses from 2012 to 2016.    97 RICs consisting of 268 Portfolios    None
John M. Perlowski(d)
1964
   Trustee
(Since 2015)
President and Chief Executive Officer (Since 2010)		    Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2009; Head of BlackRock Global Accounting and Product Services since 2009; Advisory Director of Family Resource Network (charitable foundation) since 2009.    99 RICs consisting of 270 Portfolios    None
(a) 
The address of each Trustee is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 50 Hudson Yards, New York, New York 10001.
(b) 
Each Independent Trustee holds office until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal as provided by the Trust’s by-laws or charter or statute, or until December 31 of the year in which he or she turns 75. Trustees who are “interested persons,” as defined in the Investment Company Act serve until their successor is duly elected and qualifies or until their earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal as provided by the Trust’s by-laws or statute, or until December 31 of the year in which they turn 72. The Board may determine to extend the terms of Independent Trustees on a case-by-case basis, as appropriate.
(c) 
Following the combination of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (“MLIM”) and BlackRock, Inc. in September 2006, the various legacy MLIM and legacy BlackRock fund boards were realigned and consolidated into three new fund boards in 2007. Certain Independent Trustees first became members of the boards of other legacy MLIM or legacy BlackRock funds as follows: Frank J. Fabozzi, 1988; R. Glenn Hubbard, 2004; and W. Carl Kester, 1995.
(d) 
Dr. Fabozzi, Ms. Egan, Dr. Kester, Ms. Lynch, Mr. Steinmetz and Mr. Perlowski are also trustees of the BlackRock Credit Strategies Fund and BlackRock Private Investments Fund.
(e) 
Mr. Fairbairn and Mr. Perlowski are both “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of the Trust based on their positions with BlackRock, Inc. and its affiliates. Mr. Fairbairn and Mr. Perlowski are also board members of the BlackRock Multi-Asset Complex.
(f) 
Mr. Steinmetz is currently classified as a non-management interested Trustee based on his former directorship at another company that is not an affiliate of BlackRock, Inc. Mr. Steinmetz does not currently serve as an officer or employee of BlackRock, Inc. or its affiliates or own any securities of BlackRock, Inc. It is anticipated that Mr. Steinmetz will become an Independent Trustee effective January 19, 2024.
 
Officers Who Are Not Trustees(a)
     
Name
Year of Birth(b)		    Position(s) Held
(Length of Service)		    Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
Jonathan Diorio
1980
    Vice President
(Since 2015)		    Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2015; Director of BlackRock, Inc. from 2011 to 2015.
Trent Walker
1974
    Chief Financial Officer
(Since 2021)		    Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since September 2019; Executive Vice President of PIMCO from 2016 to 2019; Senior Vice President of PIMCO from 2008 to 2015; Treasurer from 2013 to 2019 and Assistant Treasurer from 2007 to 2017 of PIMCO Funds, PIMCO Variable Insurance Trust, PIMCO ETF Trust, PIMCO Equity Series, PIMCO Equity Series VIT, PIMCO Managed Accounts Trust, 2 PIMCO-sponsored interval funds and 21 PIMCO-sponsored closed-end funds.
Jay M. Fife
1970
    Treasurer
(Since 2007)		    Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2007.
Aaron Wasserman
1974
    Chief Compliance Officer
(Since 2023)		    Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2018; Chief Compliance Officer of the BlackRock-advised funds in the BlackRock Multi-Asset Complex, the BlackRock Fixed-Income Complex and the iShares Complex since 2023; Deputy Chief Compliance Officer for the BlackRock-advised funds in the BlackRock Multi-Asset Complex, the BlackRock Fixed- Income Complex and the iShares Complex from 2014 to 2023.
Janey Ahn
1975
    Secretary
(Since 2012)		    Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2018; Director of BlackRock, Inc. from 2009 to 2017.
(a) 
The address of each Officer is c/o BlackRock, Inc., 50 Hudson Yards, New York, New York 10001.
(b) 
Officers of the Trust serve at the pleasure of the Board.
 
 
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Trustee and Officer Information (continued)
 
Further information about the Trust’s Trustees and Officers is available in the Trust’s Statement of Additional Information, which can be obtained without charge by calling (800) 882-0052.
 
Effective July 1, 2023, Aaron Wasserman replaced Charles Park as Chief Compliance Officer of the Trust.
Effective December 31, 2023, Frank Fabozzi retired as Trustee of the Trust.
Effective January 19, 2024, Arthur Steinmetz became an Independent Trustee of the Trust.
Effective March 1, 2023, Phillip Soccio, Walter O’Connor, Kevin Maloney and Kristi Manidis became portfolio managers of BBN. Messrs. Soccio, O’Connor and Maloney and Ms. Manidis have been employed by BlackRock since 1998, 2006, 2011, and 2003 respectively.
Effective March 1, 2023, Ted Jaeckel is no longer a portfolio manager of BBN.
 
 
T R U S T E E  A N D  O F F I C E R  I N F O R M A T I O N
   43
Additional Information
 
Proxy Results
The Annual Meeting of Shareholders was held on July 12, 2023 for shareholders of record on May 15, 2023, to elect trustee nominees for the Trust. There were no broker non-votes with regard to the Trust.
Shareholders elected the Class I Trustees as follows:
 
  
 
   Lorenzo A. Flores     R. Glenn Hubbard     John M. Perlowski     W. Carl Kester  
Trust Name   Votes For     Votes Withheld     Votes For     Votes Withheld     Votes For     Votes Withheld     Votes For     Votes Withheld  
BBN
     45,440,459       1,483,372       45,359,542       1,564,289       45,484,265       1,439,566       45,414,398       1,509,433  
For the Trust listed above, Trustees whose term of office continued after the Annual Meeting of Shareholders because they were not up for election are Cynthia L. Egan, Robert Fairbairn, Stayce D. Harris, J. Phillip Holloman, Catherine A. Lynch, and Frank J. Fabozzi.
Trust Certification
The Trust is listed for trading on the NYSE and has filed with the NYSE its annual chief executive officer certification regarding compliance with the NYSE’s listing standards. The Trust filed with the SEC the certification of its chief executive officer and chief financial officer required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) Integration
Although the Trust does not seek to implement a specific sustainability objective, strategy or process unless otherwise disclosed, Trust management will consider ESG factors as part of the investment process for the Trust. Trust management views ESG integration as the practice of incorporating financially material ESG data or information into investment processes with the objective of enhancing risk-adjusted returns. These ESG considerations will vary depending on the Trust’s particular investment strategies and may include consideration of third-party research as well as consideration of proprietary BlackRock research across the ESG risks and opportunities regarding an issuer. The ESG characteristics utilized in the Trust’s investment process are anticipated to evolve over time and one or more characteristics may not be relevant with respect to all issuers that are eligible for investment. Certain of these considerations may affect the Trust’s exposure to certain companies or industries. While Trust management views ESG considerations as having the potential to contribute to the Trust’s long-term performance, there is no guarantee that such results will be achieved.
Dividend Policy
The Trust’s policy is to make monthly distributions to shareholders. In order to provide shareholders with a more stable level of dividend distributions, the Trust employs a managed distribution plan (the “Plan”), the goal of which is to provide shareholders with consistent and predictable cash flows by setting distribution rates based on expected long-term returns of the Trust.
The distributions paid by the Trust for any particular month may be more or less than the amount of net investment income earned by the Trust during such month. Furthermore, the final tax characterization of distributions is determined after the year-end of the Trust and is reported in the Trust’s annual report to shareholders. Distributions can be characterized as ordinary income, capital gains and/or return of capital. The Trust’s taxable net investment income and net realized capital gains (“taxable income”) may not be sufficient to support the level of distributions paid. To the extent that distributions exceed the Trust’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess may be treated as a non-taxable return of capital.
A return of capital is a return of a portion of an investor’s original investment. A return of capital is not expected to be taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent disposition by the shareholder of his or her shares. It is possible that a substantial portion of the distributions paid during a calendar year may ultimately be classified as return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes when the final determination of the source and character of the distributions is made.
Such distributions, under certain circumstances, may exceed the Trust’s total return performance. When total distributions exceed total return performance for the period, the difference reduces the Trust’s total assets and net asset value (“NAV”) per share and, therefore, could have the effect of increasing the Trust’s expense ratio and reducing the amount of assets the Trust has available for long term investment.
General Information
BBN’s Statement of Additional Information includes additional information about its Board and is available, without charge upon request by calling (800)-882-0052.
The following information is a summary of certain changes since December 31, 2022. This information may not reflect all of the changes that have occurred since you purchased the Trust.
Except if noted otherwise herein, there were no changes to the Trust’s charter or by-laws that would delay or prevent a change of control of the Trust that were not approved by the shareholders. Except if noted otherwise herein, there have been no changes in the persons who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Trust’s portfolios.
In accordance with Section 23(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Trust may from time to time purchase shares of its common stock in the open market or in private transactions.
 
 
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Additional Information (continued)
 
General Information (continued)
Quarterly performance, semi-annual and annual reports, current net asset value and other information regarding the Trust may be found on BlackRock’s website, which can be accessed at blackrock.com. Any reference to BlackRock’s website in this report is intended to allow investors public access to information regarding the Trust and does not, and is not intended to, incorporate BlackRock’s website in this report.
Electronic Delivery
Shareholders can sign up for e-mail notifications of quarterly statements, annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and prospectuses, by enrolling in the electronic delivery program. Electronic copies of shareholder reports and prospectuses, are available on BlackRock’s website.
To enroll in electronic delivery:
Shareholders Who Hold Accounts with Investment Advisers, Banks or Brokerages:
Please contact your financial adviser. Please note that not all investment advisers, banks or brokerages may offer this service.
Householding
The Trust will mail only one copy of shareholder documents, including prospectuses, annual and semi-annual reports, Rule 30e-3 notices and proxy statements, to shareholders with multiple accounts at the same address. This practice is commonly called “householding” and is intended to reduce expenses and eliminate duplicate mailings of shareholder documents. Mailings of your shareholder documents may be householded indefinitely unless you instruct us otherwise. If you do not want the mailing of these documents to be combined with those for other members of your household, please call the Trust at (800) 882-0052.
Availability of Quarterly Schedule of Investments
The Trust files its complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the SEC for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year as an exhibit to its reports on Form N-PORT. The Trust’s Form N-PORT is available on the SEC’s website at sec.gov. Additionally, the Trust makes its portfolio holdings for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year available at blackrock.com/fundreports.
Availability of Proxy Voting Policies, Procedures and Voting Records
A description of the policies and procedures that the Trust uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities and information about how the Trust voted proxies relating to securities held in the Trust’s portfolio during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request (1) by calling (800) 882-0052; (2) on the BlackRock website at blackrock.com; and (3) on the SEC’s website at sec.gov.
Availability of Trust Updates
BlackRock will update performance and certain other data for the Trust on a monthly basis on its website in the “Closed-end Funds” section of blackrock.com as well as certain other material information as necessary from time to time. Investors and others are advised to check the website for updated performance information and the release of other material information about the Trust. This reference to BlackRock’s website is intended to allow investors public access to information regarding the Trust and does not, and is not intended to, incorporate BlackRock’s website in this report.
Shelf Offering Program
From time to time, BBN may seek to raise additional equity capital through a Shelf Offering. In a Shelf Offering, BBN may, subject to market conditions, raise additional equity capital by issuing new Common Shares from time to time in varying amounts at a net price at or above BBN’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Common Share (calculated within 48 hours of pricing). While any such Shelf Offering may allow BBN to pursue additional investment opportunities without the need to sell existing portfolio investments, it could also entail risks – including that the issuance of additional Common Shares may limit the extent to which the Common Shares are able to trade at a premium to NAV in the secondary market.
On February 17, 2021, BBN filed a final prospectus with the SEC in connection with its Shelf Offering. This report and the prospectus of BBN are not offers to sell BBN Common Shares or solicitations of an offer to buy BBN Common Shares in any jurisdiction where such offers or sales are not permitted. The prospectus of BBN contains important information about BBN, including its investment objective, risks, charges and expenses. Investors are urged to read the prospectus of BBN carefully and in its entirety before investing. Copies of the final prospectus for BBN can be obtained from BlackRock at blackrock.com.
BlackRock Privacy Principles
BlackRock is committed to maintaining the privacy of its current and former fund investors and individual clients (collectively, “Clients”) and to safeguarding their non-public personal information. The following information is provided to help you understand what personal information BlackRock collects, how we protect that information and why in certain cases we share such information with select parties.
If you are located in a jurisdiction where specific laws, rules or regulations require BlackRock to provide you with additional or different privacy-related rights beyond what is set forth below, then BlackRock will comply with those specific laws, rules or regulations.
 
 
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Additional Information (continued)
 
BlackRock Privacy Principles (continued)
BlackRock obtains or verifies personal non-public information from and about you from different sources, including the following: (i) information we receive from you or, if applicable, your financial intermediary, on applications, forms or other documents; (ii) information about your transactions with us, our affiliates, or others; (iii) information we receive from a consumer reporting agency; and (iv) from visits to our websites.
BlackRock does not sell or disclose to non-affiliated third parties any non-public personal information about its Clients, except as permitted by law or as is necessary to respond to regulatory requests or to service Client accounts. These non-affiliated third parties are required to protect the confidentiality and security of this information and to use it only for its intended purpose.
We may share information with our affiliates to service your account or to provide you with information about other BlackRock products or services that may be of interest to you. In addition, BlackRock restricts access to non-public personal information about its Clients to those BlackRock employees with a legitimate business need for the information. BlackRock maintains physical, electronic and procedural safeguards that are designed to protect the non-public personal information of its Clients, including procedures relating to the proper storage and disposal of such information.
Trust and Service Providers
 
Investment Adviser
BlackRock Advisors, LLC
Wilmington, DE 19809
Accounting Agent and Custodian
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Boston, MA 02114
Transfer Agent
Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
Canton, MA 02021
 
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Deloitte & Touche LLP
Boston, MA 02116
Legal Counsel
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP
New York, NY 10019
Address of the Trust
100 Bellevue Parkway
Wilmington, DE 19809
 
 
 
 
46  
2 0 2 3  B L A C K R O C K  A N N U A L  R E P O R T  T O  S H A R E H O L D E R S
Glossary of Terms Used in this Report
 
Portfolio Abbreviation
AGM    Assured Guaranty Municipal Corp.
AGM-CR    AGM Insured Custodial Receipt
AMBAC    AMBAC Assurance Corp.
ARB    Airport Revenue Bonds
BAB    Build America Bond
BAM    Build America Mutual Assurance Co.
CAB    Capital Appreciation Bonds
COP    Certificates of Participation
FHLMC    Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp.
FNMA    Federal National Mortgage Association
GNMA    Government National Mortgage Association
GO    General Obligation Bonds
M/F    Multi-Family
NPFGC    National Public Finance Guarantee Corp.
RB    Revenue Bond
S/F    Single-Family
SAP    Subject to Appropriations
TA    Tax Allocation
 
 
G L O S S A R Y   O F  T E R M S  U S E D  I N  T H I S  R E P O R T
   47
 
 
 
 
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This report is intended for current holders. It is not a prospectus. Past performance results shown in this report should not be considered a representation of future performance. Statements and other information herein are as dated and are subject to change.
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(b) Not Applicable

Item 2 –

Code of Ethics – The registrant (or the “Fund”) has adopted a code of ethics, as of the end of the period covered by this report, applicable to the registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. During the period covered by this report, the code of ethics was amended to update certain information and to make other non-material changes. During the period covered by this report, there have been no waivers granted under the code of ethics. The registrant undertakes to provide a copy of the code of ethics to any person upon request, without charge, who calls 1-800-882-0052, option 4.

 

Item 3 –

Audit Committee Financial Expert – The registrant’s board of directors (the “board of directors”), has determined that (i) the registrant has the following audit committee financial experts serving on its audit committee and (ii) each audit committee financial expert is independent:

Frank J. Fabozzi

Lorenzo A. Flores

Catherine A. Lynch

Under applicable securities laws, a person determined to be an audit committee financial expert will not be deemed an “expert” for any purpose, including without limitation for the purposes of Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933, as a result of being designated or identified as an audit committee financial expert. The designation or identification of a person as an audit committee financial expert does not impose on such person any duties, obligations, or liabilities greater than the duties, obligations, and liabilities imposed on such person as a member of the audit committee and board of directors in the absence of such designation or identification. The designation or identification of a person as an audit committee financial expert does not affect the duties, obligations, or liability of any other member of the audit committee or board of directors.

 

Item 4 –

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The following table presents fees billed by Deloitte & Touche LLP (“D&T”) in each of the last two fiscal years for the services rendered to the Fund:

 

     (a) Audit Fees   

(b) Audit-Related

Fees1

    (c) Tax Fees2    (d) All Other Fees
Entity Name  

  Current  

Fiscal

Year

End

   

  Previous  

Fiscal

Year

End

   

  Current  

Fiscal

Year

End

   

  Previous  

Fiscal

Year

End

   

  Current  

Fiscal

Year

End

   

  Previous  

Fiscal

Year

End

   

  Current  

Fiscal

Year

End

   

  Previous  

Fiscal

Year

End

BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust   $36,414    $34,986    $2,000    $2,000    $17,576    $16,900    $407    $431

The following table presents fees billed by D&T that were required to be approved by the registrant’s audit committee (the “Committee”) for services that relate directly to the operations or financial reporting of the Fund and that are rendered on behalf of BlackRock Advisors, LLC (“Investment Adviser” or “BlackRock”) and entities controlling, controlled by, or under common control with BlackRock (not including any sub-adviser whose role is primarily portfolio management and is

 

2

subcontracted with or overseen by another investment adviser) that provide ongoing services to the Fund (“Affiliated Service Providers”):

 

      Current Fiscal Year End      Previous Fiscal Year End 

(b) Audit-Related Fees1

   $0    $0

(c) Tax Fees2

   $0    $0

(d) All Other Fees3

   $2,154,000    $2,098,000

1 The nature of the services includes assurance and related services reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of financial statements not included in Audit Fees, including accounting consultations, agreed-upon procedure reports, attestation reports, comfort letters, out-of-pocket expenses and internal control reviews not required by regulators.

2 The nature of the services includes tax compliance and/or tax preparation, including services relating to the filing or amendment of federal, state or local income tax returns, regulated investment company qualification reviews, taxable income and tax distribution calculations.

3Non-audit fees of $2,154,000 and $2,098,000 for the current fiscal year and previous fiscal year, respectively, were paid to the Fund’s principal accountant in their entirety by BlackRock, in connection with services provided to the Affiliated Service Providers of the Fund and of certain other funds sponsored and advised by BlackRock or its affiliates for a service organization review and an accounting research tool subscription. These amounts represent aggregate fees paid by BlackRock and were not allocated on a per fund basis.

(e)(1) Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures:

The Committee has adopted policies and procedures with regard to the pre-approval of services. Audit, audit-related and tax compliance services provided to the registrant on an annual basis require specific pre-approval by the Committee. The Committee also must approve other non-audit services provided to the registrant and those non-audit services provided to the Investment Adviser and Affiliated Service Providers that relate directly to the operations and the financial reporting of the registrant. Certain of these non-audit services that the Committee believes are (a) consistent with the SEC’s auditor independence rules and (b) routine and recurring services that will not impair the independence of the independent accountants may be approved by the Committee without consideration on a specific case-by-case basis (“general pre-approval”). The term of any general pre-approval is 12 months from the date of the pre-approval, unless the Committee provides for a different period. Tax or other non-audit services provided to the registrant which have a direct impact on the operations or financial reporting of the registrant will only be deemed pre-approved provided that any individual project does not exceed $10,000 attributable to the registrant or $50,000 per project. For this purpose, multiple projects will be aggregated to determine if they exceed the previously mentioned cost levels.

Any proposed services exceeding the pre-approved cost levels will require specific pre-approval by the Committee, as will any other services not subject to general pre-approval (e.g., unanticipated but permissible services). The Committee is informed of each service approved subject to general pre-approval at the next regularly scheduled in-person board meeting. At this meeting, an analysis of such services is presented to the Committee for ratification. The Committee may delegate to the Committee Chairman the authority to approve the provision of and fees for any specific engagement of permitted non-audit services, including services exceeding pre-approved cost levels.

(e)(2) None of the services described in each of Items 4(b) through (d) were approved by the Committee pursuant to the de minimis exception in paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.

(f) Not Applicable

 

3

(g) ) The aggregate non-audit fees, defined as the sum of the fees shown under “Audit-Related Fees,” “Tax Fees” and “All Other Fees,” paid to the accountant for services rendered by the accountant to the registrant, the Investment Adviser and the Affiliated Service Providers were:

 

    Entity Name   

 Current Fiscal Year 

End

   

 Previous Fiscal Year 

End

  BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust    $19,983    $19,331

Additionally, the amounts billed by D&T in connection with services provided to the Affiliated Service Providers of the Fund and of other funds sponsored or advised by BlackRock or its affiliates during the current and previous fiscal years for a service organization review and an accounting research tool subscription were:

 

 Current Fiscal Year  

End

  

 Previous Fiscal Year  

End

$2,098,000

   $1,984,000

These amounts represent aggregate fees paid by BlackRock and were not allocated on a per fund basis.

(h) The Committee has considered and determined that the provision of non-audit services that were rendered to the Investment Adviser, and the Affiliated Service Providers that were not pre-approved pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(ii) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X is compatible with maintaining the principal accountant’s independence.

(i) – Not Applicable

(j) – Not Applicable

 

Item 5 –

Audit Committee of Listed Registrant

 

  (a)

The following individuals are members of the registrant’s separately designated standing audit committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(58)(A)):

Frank J. Fabozzi

Lorenzo A. Flores

J. Phillip Holloman

Catherine A. Lynch

 

  (b)

Not Applicable

 

4

Item 6 –

Investments

(a) The registrant’s Schedule of Investments is included as part of the Report to Stockholders filed under Item 1(a) of this Form.

(b) Not Applicable due to no such divestments during the semi-annual period covered since the previous Form N-CSR filing.

 

Item 7 –

Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for Closed-End Management Investment Companies – The board of directors has delegated the voting of proxies for the Fund’s portfolio securities to the Investment Adviser pursuant to the Investment Adviser’s proxy voting guidelines. Under these guidelines, the Investment Adviser will vote proxies related to Fund securities in the best interests of the Fund and its stockholders. From time to time, a vote may present a conflict between the interests of the Fund’s stockholders, on the one hand, and those of the Investment Adviser, or any affiliated person of the Fund or the Investment Adviser, on the other. In such event, provided that the Investment Adviser’s Equity Investment Policy Oversight Committee, or a sub-committee thereof (the “Oversight Committee”) is aware of the real or potential conflict or material non-routine matter and if the Oversight Committee does not reasonably believe it is able to follow its general voting guidelines (or if the particular proxy matter is not addressed in the guidelines) and vote impartially, the Oversight Committee may retain an independent fiduciary to advise the Oversight Committee on how to vote or to cast votes on behalf of the Investment Adviser’s clients. If the Investment Adviser determines not to retain an independent fiduciary, or does not desire to follow the advice of such independent fiduciary, the Oversight Committee shall determine how to vote the proxy after consulting with the Investment Adviser’s Portfolio Management Group and/or the Investment Adviser’s Legal and Compliance Department and concluding that the vote cast is in its client’s best interest notwithstanding the conflict. A copy of the Fund’s Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures are attached as Exhibit 99.PROXYPOL, a copy of the Fund’s Global Corporate Governance & Engagement Principles are attached as Exhibit 99.GLOBAL.CORP.GOV and a copy of the Fund’s Corporate Governance and Proxy Voting Guidelines for U.S. Securities are attached as Exhibit 99.US.CORP.GOV. Information on how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, (i) at www.blackrock.com and (ii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

Item 8 –

Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Management Investment Companies

(a)(1) As of the date of filing this Report:

The registrant is managed by a team of investment professionals comprised of Michael A. Kalinoski, CFA, Director at BlackRock, Christian Romaglino, CFA, Director at BlackRock, Walter O’Connor, CFA, Managing Director at BlackRock, Kevin Maloney, CFA, Director at BlackRock, Phillip Soccio, CFA, Director at BlackRock and Kristi Manidis, Director at BlackRock. Each is a member of BlackRock’s municipal tax-exempt management group. Each is jointly responsible for the day-to-day management of the registrant’s portfolio, which includes setting the registrant’s overall investment strategy, overseeing the management of the registrant and/or selection of its investments. Messrs. Kalinoski and Romaglino have been members of the registrant’s portfolio management team since 2010 and 2017, respectively. Messrs. O’Connor, Maloney and Soccio and Ms. Manidis have been members of the registrant’s portfolio management team since 2023.

 

5

   
 

Portfolio Manager

   Biography  

     

  

Michael A. Kalinoski, CFA

   Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2006; Director of Merrill Lynch Investment Managers, L.P. (“MLIM”) from 1999 to 2006.  
 

Christian Romaglino, CFA

   Director of BlackRock since 2017; Portfolio Manager for the Municipal Mutual Fund Desk within BlackRock’s Global Fixed Income Group since 2017; Portfolio Manager of Brown Brothers Harriman from 2007 to 2017.     
 

Walter O’Connor, CFA

   Managing Director of BlackRock since 2006; Managing Director of MLIM from 2003 to 2006; Director of MLIM from 1998 to 2003.  
 

Kevin Maloney, CFA

   Director of BlackRock since 2021; Vice President of BlackRock from 2018 to 2020; Associate of BlackRock from 2014 to 2017; Analyst of BlackRock from 2011 to 2013.  
 

Phillip Soccio, CFA

   Director of BlackRock since 2009; Vice President of BlackRock from 2005 to 2008.  
 

Kristi Manidis

   Director of BlackRock, Inc. since 2016; Vice President of BlackRock, Inc. from 2011 to 2015; Associate of BlackRock, Inc. from 2009 to 2011; Analyst of BlackRock, Inc. from 2006 to 2008.  

(a)(2) As of December 31, 2023:

 

    

(ii) Number of Other Accounts Managed

and Assets by Account Type

  

(iii) Number of Other Accounts and

Assets for Which Advisory Fee is

Performance-Based

(i) Name of

Portfolio Manager

  

Other

     Registered    

Investment

Companies

  

  Other Pooled  

Investment

Vehicles

  

Other

  Accounts  

  

Other

Registered

  Investment  

Companies

  

  Other Pooled  

Investment

Vehicles

  

Other

   Accounts   

Michael A. Kalinoski, CFA

   34   0   0   0   0   0
    $34.48 Billion   $0   $0   $0   $0   $0

Christian Romaglino, CFA

   34   0   0   0   0   0
    $16.63 Billion   $0   $0   $0   $0   $0

Walter O’Connor, CFA

   33   0   0   0   0   0
    $31.44 Billion   $0   $0   $0   $0   $0

Kevin Maloney, CFA

   36   0   0   0   0   0
    $36.54 Billion   $0   $0   $0   $0   $0

Phillip Soccio, CFA

   34   0   0   0   0   0
    $29.31 Billion   $0   $0   $0   $0   $0

Kristi Manidis

   38   0   2   0   0   0
    $23.14 Billion   $0   $998.9 Million   $0   $0   $0

(iv) Portfolio Manager Potential Material Conflicts of Interest

 

6

BlackRock has built a professional working environment, firm-wide compliance culture and compliance procedures and systems designed to protect against potential incentives that may favor one account over another. BlackRock has adopted policies and procedures that address the allocation of investment opportunities, execution of portfolio transactions, personal trading by employees and other potential conflicts of interest that are designed to ensure that all client accounts are treated equitably over time. Nevertheless, BlackRock furnishes investment management and advisory services to numerous clients in addition to the Fund, and BlackRock may, consistent with applicable law, make investment recommendations to other clients or accounts (including accounts which are hedge funds or have performance or higher fees paid to BlackRock, or in which portfolio managers have a personal interest in the receipt of such fees), which may be the same as or different from those made to the Fund. In addition, BlackRock, Inc., its affiliates and significant shareholders and any officer, director, shareholder or employee may or may not have an interest in the securities whose purchase and sale BlackRock recommends to the Fund. BlackRock, Inc., or any of its affiliates or significant shareholders, or any officer, director, shareholder, employee or any member of their families may take different actions than those recommended to the Fund by BlackRock with respect to the same securities. Moreover, BlackRock may refrain from rendering any advice or services concerning securities of companies of which any of BlackRock, Inc.’s (or its affiliates’ or significant shareholders’) officers, directors or employees are directors or officers, or companies as to which BlackRock, Inc. or any of its affiliates or significant shareholders or the officers, directors and employees of any of them has any substantial economic interest or possesses material non-public information. Certain portfolio managers also may manage accounts whose investment strategies may at times be opposed to the strategy utilized for a fund. It should also be noted that a portfolio manager may be managing hedge fund and/or long only accounts, or may be part of a team managing hedge fund and/or long only accounts, subject to incentive fees. Such portfolio managers may therefore be entitled to receive a portion of any incentive fees earned on such accounts. Currently, the portfolio managers of this Fund are not entitled to receive a portion of incentive fees of other accounts.

As a fiduciary, BlackRock owes a duty of loyalty to its clients and must treat each client fairly. When BlackRock purchases or sells securities for more than one account, the trades must be allocated in a manner consistent with its fiduciary duties. BlackRock attempts to allocate investments in a fair and equitable manner among client accounts, with no account receiving preferential treatment. To this end, BlackRock, Inc. has adopted policies that are intended to ensure reasonable efficiency in client transactions and provide BlackRock with sufficient flexibility to allocate investments in a manner that is consistent with the particular investment discipline and client base, as appropriate.

(a)(3) As of December 31, 2023:

Portfolio Manager Compensation Overview

The discussion below describes the portfolio managers’ compensation as of December 31, 2023.

BlackRock’s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to

 

7

year based on a number of factors. The principal components of compensation include a base salary, a performance-based discretionary bonus, participation in various benefits programs and one or more of the incentive compensation programs established by BlackRock.

Base Compensation.  Generally, portfolio managers receive base compensation based on their position with the firm.

Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is a function of several components: the performance of BlackRock, Inc., the performance of the portfolio manager’s group within BlackRock, the investment performance, including risk-adjusted returns, of the firm’s assets under management or supervision by that portfolio manager relative to predetermined benchmarks, and the individual’s performance and contribution to the overall performance of these portfolios and BlackRock. In most cases, these benchmarks are the same as the benchmark or benchmarks against which the performance of the Funds or other accounts managed by the portfolio managers are measured. Among other things, BlackRock’s Chief Investment Officers make a subjective determination with respect to each portfolio manager’s compensation based on the performance of the Funds and other accounts managed by each portfolio manager relative to the various benchmarks. Performance of fixed income funds is measured on a pre-tax and/or after-tax basis over various time periods including 1-, 3- and 5- year periods, as applicable. With respect to these portfolio managers, such benchmarks for the Fund and other accounts are: A combination of market-based indices (e.g., Bloomberg Municipal Bond Index), certain customized indices and certain fund industry peer groups.

Distribution of Discretionary Incentive Compensation. Discretionary incentive compensation is distributed to portfolio managers in a combination of cash, deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock awards, and/or deferred cash awards that notionally track the return of certain BlackRock investment products.

Portfolio managers receive their annual discretionary incentive compensation in the form of cash. Portfolio managers whose total compensation is above a specified threshold also receive deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock awards annually as part of their discretionary incentive compensation. Paying a portion of discretionary incentive compensation in the form of deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock puts compensation earned by a portfolio manager for a given year “at risk” based on BlackRock’s ability to sustain and improve its performance over future periods. In some cases, additional deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock may be granted to certain key employees as part of a long-term incentive award to aid in retention, align interests with long-term shareholders and motivate performance. Deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock awards are generally granted in the form of BlackRock, Inc. restricted stock units that vest pursuant to the terms of the applicable plan and, once vested, settle in BlackRock, Inc. common stock. The portfolio managers of this Fund have deferred BlackRock, Inc. stock awards.

For certain portfolio managers, a portion of the discretionary incentive compensation is also distributed in the form of deferred cash awards that notionally track the returns of select BlackRock investment products they manage, which provides direct alignment of portfolio manager discretionary incentive compensation with investment product results. Deferred cash awards vest ratably over a number of years and, once vested, settle in the form of cash. Only portfolio managers

 

8

who manage specified products and whose total compensation is above a specified threshold are eligible to participate in the deferred cash award program.

Other Compensation Benefits. In addition to base salary and discretionary incentive compensation, portfolio managers may be eligible to receive or participate in one or more of the following:

Incentive Savings Plans — BlackRock, Inc. has created a variety of incentive savings plans in which BlackRock, Inc. employees are eligible to participate, including a 401(k) plan, the BlackRock Retirement Savings Plan (RSP), and the BlackRock Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The employer contribution components of the RSP include a company match equal to 50% of the first 8% of eligible pay contributed to the plan capped at $5,000 per year, and a company retirement contribution equal to 3-5% of eligible compensation up to the Internal Revenue Service limit ($330,000 for 2023). The RSP offers a range of investment options, including registered investment companies and collective investment funds managed by the firm. BlackRock, Inc. contributions follow the investment direction set by participants for their own contributions or, absent participant investment direction, are invested into a target date fund that corresponds to, or is closest to, the year in which the participant attains age 65. The ESPP allows for investment in BlackRock, Inc. common stock at a 5% discount on the fair market value of the stock on the purchase date. Annual participation in the ESPP is limited to the purchase of 1,000 shares of common stock or a dollar value of $25,000 based on its fair market value on the purchase date. All of the eligible portfolio managers are eligible to participate in these plans.

(a)(4) Beneficial Ownership of Securities – As of December 31, 2023.

 

Portfolio Manager  

 Dollar Range of Equity

 Securities of the Fund

 Beneficially Owned

Michael A. Kalinoski, CFA

   $10,001 - $50,000 
   

Christian Romaglino, CFA

   $1 - $10,000 
   

Walter O’Connor, CFA

   None
   

Kevin Maloney, CFA

   None
   

Phillip Soccio, CFA

   None
   

Kristi Manidis

   None

(b) Not Applicable

 

Item 9 –

Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Company and Affiliated Purchasers — Not Applicable due to no such purchases during the period covered by this report.

 

9

Item 10 –

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders – There have been no material changes to these procedures.

 

Item 11 –

Controls and Procedures

(a) The registrant’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, have concluded that the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)) are effective as of a date within 90 days of the filing of this report based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by Rule 30a-3(b) under the 1940 Act and Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

(b) There were no changes in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the 1940 Act) that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Item 12 –

Disclosure of Securities Lending Activities for Closed-End Management Investment Companies –Not Applicable

 

Item 13 –

Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation – Not Applicable

 

Item 14 –

Exhibits attached hereto

(a)(1) Code of Ethics – See Item 2

(a)(2) Section 302 Certifications are attached

(a)(3) Any written solicitation to purchase securities under Rule 23c-1 – Not Applicable

(a)(4) Change in Registrant’s independent public accountant – Not Applicable

(b) Section 906 Certifications are attached

(c) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

10

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust

 

 

By:

     

/s/ John M. Perlowski       

      

John M. Perlowski

      

Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of

      

BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust

Date: February 23, 2024

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

 

By:

     

/s/ John M. Perlowski       

      

John M. Perlowski

      

Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of

      

BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust

Date: February 23, 2024

 

 

By:

     

/s/ Trent Walker         

      

Trent Walker

      

Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) of

      

BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust

Date: February 23, 2024

 

 

11

EX-99. CERT

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 30a-2(a) UNDER THE 1940 ACT AND SECTION 302 OF THE

SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

 

I, John M. Perlowski, Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust, certify that:

1.   I have reviewed this report on Form N-CSR of BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust;

2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:

a)   designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)   designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)   evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report based on such evaluation; and

d)   disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)   all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

b)   any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: February 23, 2024

/s/ John M. Perlowski  

John M. Perlowski

Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of

BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust

EX-99. CERT

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 30a-2(a) UNDER THE 1940 ACT AND SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

 

I, Trent Walker, Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) of BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust, certify that:

1.   I have reviewed this report on Form N-CSR of BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust;

2.   Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:

a)   designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)   designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)   evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report based on such evaluation; and

d)   disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)   all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

b)   any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: February 23, 2024

/s/ Trent Walker  

Trent Walker

Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) of

BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust

Exhibit 99.906CERT

Certification Pursuant to Rule 30a-2(b) under the 1940 Act and

Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, the undersigned officer of BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (the “Registrant”), hereby certifies, to the best of his knowledge, that the Registrant’s Report on Form N-CSR for the period ended December 31, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Date: February 23, 2024

/s/ John M. Perlowski  

John M. Perlowski

Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of

BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, the undersigned officer of BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust (the “Registrant”), hereby certifies, to the best of his knowledge, that the Registrant’s Report on Form N-CSR for the period ended December 31, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Date: February 23, 2024

/s/ Trent Walker  

Trent Walker

Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) of

BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust

This certification is being furnished pursuant to Rule 30a-2(b) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Form N-CSR with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-252961 on Form N-2 of our report dated February 23, 2024, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights of BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust appearing in this Annual Report on Form N-CSR for the year ended December 31, 2023.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

February 29, 2024

Closed-End Fund Proxy Voting Policy

August 1, 2021

 

LOGO

 

 

Closed-End Fund Proxy Voting Policy

 

Procedures Governing Delegation of Proxy Voting to Fund Adviser

 

 

Effective Date: August 1, 2021

Last Review Date: August 25, 2023

 

 

 

 

Applies to the following types of Funds registered under the 1940 Act:

☐ Open-End Mutual Funds (including money market funds)

☐ Money Market Funds

☐ Exchange-Traded Funds

☒ Closed-End Funds

☐ Other

 

 

Objective and Scope

Set forth below is the Closed-End Fund Proxy Voting Policy.

Policy / Document Requirements and Statements

The Boards of Trustees/Directors (the “Directors”) of the closed-end funds advised by BlackRock Advisors, LLC (“BlackRock”), (the “Funds”) have the responsibility for the oversight of voting proxies relating to portfolio securities of the Funds, and have determined that it is in the best interests of the Funds and their shareholders to delegate that responsibility to BlackRock as part of BlackRock’s authority to manage, acquire and dispose of account assets, all as contemplated by the Funds’ respective investment management agreements.

BlackRock has adopted guidelines and procedures (together and as from time to time amended, the “BlackRock proxy voting guidelines”) governing proxy voting by accounts managed by BlackRock. BlackRock will cast votes on behalf of each of the Funds on specific proxy issues in respect of securities held by each such Fund in accordance with the BlackRock Proxy voting guidelines; provided, however, that in the case of underlying closed-end funds (including business development companies and other similarly-situated asset pools) held by the Funds that have, or are proposing to adopt, a classified board structure, BlackRock will typically (a) vote in favor of proposals to adopt classification and against proposals to eliminate classification, and (b) not vote against directors as a result of their adoption of a classified board structure.

BlackRock will report on an annual basis to the Directors on (1) a summary of the proxy voting process as applicable to the Funds in the preceding year together with a representation that all votes were in accordance with the BlackRock proxy voting guidelines (as modified pursuant to the immediately preceding paragraph), and (2) any changes to the BlackRock proxy voting guidelines that have not previously been reported.

 

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      Public    Page 1 of 1

LOGO

BlackRock Investment Stewardship Global Principles Effective as of January 2024

Contents

 

Introduction to BlackRock

      3  

Philosophy on investment stewardship

      3  

Shareholder rights

      3  

Key themes

      5  

Boards and directors

      6  

Auditors and audit-related issues

      8  

Capital structure, mergers, asset sales, and other special transactions

      9  

Executive compensation

      10  

Material sustainability-related risks and opportunities

      11  

Other corporate governance matters and shareholder protections

      13  

Shareholder proposals

      14  

BlackRock’s oversight of its investment stewardship activities

      15  

Vote execution

      16  

Voting Choice

      17  

Conflicts management policies and procedures

      17  

Securities lending

      18  

Voting guidelines

      19  

Reporting and vote transparency

      19  

The purpose of this document is to provide an overarching explanation of BlackRock’s approach globally to our responsibilities as a shareholder on behalf of our clients, our expectations of companies, and our commitments to clients in terms of our own governance and transparency.

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 2

Introduction to BlackRock

BlackRock’s purpose is to help more and more people experience financial well-being. We manage assets on behalf of institutional and individual clients, across a full spectrum of investment strategies, asset classes, and regions. Our client base includes pension plans, endowments, foundations, charities, official institutions, insurers, and other financial institutions, as well as individuals around the world.

Philosophy on investment stewardship

As part of our fiduciary duty to our clients, we consider it one of our responsibilities to promote sound corporate governance as an informed, engaged shareholder on their behalf. At BlackRock, this is the responsibility of the BlackRock Investment Stewardship (BIS) team.

In our experience, sound governance is critical to the success of a company, the protection of investors’ interests, and long-term financial value creation. We take a constructive, long-term approach with companies and seek to understand how they are managing the drivers of risk and financial value creation in their business models. We have observed that well-managed companies will effectively evaluate and address risks and opportunities relevant to their businesses, which supports durable, long-term financial value creation. As one of many minority shareholders, BlackRock cannot – and does not try to – direct a company’s strategy or its implementation.

Shareholder rights

We believe that there are certain fundamental rights attached to shareholding. Shareholders should have the right to:

 

  •  

Elect, remove, and nominate directors, approve the appointment of the auditor, and amend the corporate charter or by-laws.

 

  •  

Vote on key board decisions that are material to the protection of their investment, including but not limited to, changes to the purpose of the business, dilution levels and pre-emptive rights, and the distribution of income and capital structure.

 

  •  

Access sufficient and timely information on material governance, strategic, and business matters to make informed decisions.

In our view, shareholder voting rights should be proportionate to economic ownership—the principle of “one share, one vote” helps to achieve this balance.

Consistent with these shareholder rights, BlackRock monitors and provides feedback to companies in our role as stewards of our clients’ assets. Investment stewardship is how we use our voice as an investor to promote sound corporate governance and business practices that support the ability of companies to deliver long-term financial performance for our clients. We do this through engagement with companies, proxy voting on behalf of those clients who have given us authority, and participating in market-level dialogue to improve corporate governance standards.

Engagement is an important mechanism for providing feedback on company practices and disclosures, particularly where our observations indicate that they could be enhanced to support a company’s ability to deliver financial performance. Similarly, it provides us with an opportunity to hear directly from company boards and management on how they believe their actions are aligned with the long-term

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 3

economic interests of shareholders. Engagement with companies may also inform our proxy voting decisions.

As a fiduciary, we vote in the long-term economic interests of our clients. Generally, we support the recommendations of the board of directors and management. However, there may be instances where we vote against the election of directors or other management proposals, or support shareholder proposals. For instance, we may vote against management recommendations where we are concerned that the board may not be acting in the long-term economic interests of shareholders, or disclosures do not provide sufficient information to assess how material, strategic risks and opportunities are being managed. Our regional proxy voting guidelines are informed by our market-specific approach and standards of corporate governance best practices.

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 4

Key themes

While accepted standards and norms of corporate governance can differ between markets, in our experience, there are certain globally-applicable fundamental elements of governance that contribute to a company’s ability to create long-term financial value for shareholders. These global themes are set out in this overarching set of principles (the “Principles”), which are anchored in transparency and accountability. At a minimum, it is our view that companies should observe the accepted corporate governance standards in their domestic market and we ask that, if they do not, they explain how their approach better supports durable, long-term financial value creation.

These Principles cover seven key subjects:

 

•  

Boards and directors

 

•  

Auditors and audit-related issues

 

•  

Capital structure, mergers, asset sales, and other special transactions

 

•  

Executive compensation

 

•  

Material sustainability-related risks and opportunities

 

•  

Other corporate governance matters and shareholder protections

 

•  

Shareholder proposals

Our regional and market-specific voting guidelines explain how these Principles inform our voting decisions in relation to common ballot items for shareholder meetings in those markets. Alongside the Principles and regional voting guidelines, BIS publishes our engagement priorities which reflect the five themes on which we most frequently engage companies, where they are relevant, as these can be a source of material business risk or opportunity. Collectively, these BIS policies set out the core elements of corporate governance that guide our investment stewardship efforts globally and within each market, including when engaging with companies and voting at shareholder meetings. The BIS policies are applied on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the context within which a company is operating.

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 5

Boards and directors

We believe that an effective and well-functioning board that has appropriate governance structures to facilitate oversight of a company’s management and strategic initiatives is critical to the long-term financial success of a company and the protection of shareholders’ economic interests. In our view, a strong board can be a competitive advantage to a company, providing valuable oversight of and perspectives to management on the most important decisions in support of long-term financial performance. As part of their responsibilities, board members have a fiduciary duty to shareholders to oversee the strategic direction, operations, and risk management of a company. For this reason, BIS sees engagement with and the election of directors as one of our most important responsibilities. Disclosure of material risks that may affect a company’s long-term strategy and financial value creation, including material sustainability-related factors when relevant, is essential for shareholders to appropriately understand and assess how effectively management is identifying, managing, and mitigating such risks.

The board should establish and maintain a framework of robust and effective governance mechanisms to support its oversight of the company’s strategy and operations consistent with the long-term economic interests of investors. There should be clear descriptions of the role of the board and the committees of the board and how directors engage with and oversee management. We look to the board to articulate the effectiveness of these mechanisms in overseeing the management of business risks and opportunities and the fulfillment of the company’s purpose and strategy.

Where a company has not adequately disclosed and demonstrated that its board has fulfilled these corporate governance and risk oversight responsibilities, we will consider voting against the election of directors who, on our assessment, have particular responsibility for the issues. We assess director performance on a case-by-case basis and in light of each company’s circumstances, taking into consideration their governance, business practices that support durable, long-term financial value creation, and performance. Set out below are ways in which boards and directors can demonstrate a commitment to acting in the long-term economic interests of all shareholders.

Regular accountability through director elections

It is our view that directors should stand for election on a regular basis, ideally annually. In our experience, annual director elections allow shareholders to reaffirm their support for board members and/or hold them accountable for their decisions in a timely manner. When board members are not elected annually, in our experience, it is good practice for boards to have a rotation policy to ensure that, through a board cycle, all directors have had their appointment re-confirmed, with a proportion of directors being put forward for election at each annual general meeting.

Effective board composition

Regular director elections also give boards the opportunity to adjust their composition in an orderly way to reflect developments in the company’s strategy and the market environment. In our view, it is beneficial for new directors to be brought onto the board periodically to refresh the group’s thinking, while supporting both continuity and appropriate succession planning. We consider the average overall tenure of the board, and seek a balance between the knowledge and experience of longer-serving directors and the fresh perspectives of directors who joined more recently. We encourage companies to regularly review the effectiveness of their board (including its size), and assess directors nominated for election in the context of the composition of the board as a whole. In our view, the company’s assessment should consider a number of factors, including each director’s independence and time commitments, as well as

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 6

the diversity and relevance of director experiences and skillsets, and how these factors may contribute to the financial performance of the company.

Similarly, there should be a sufficient number of independent directors, free from conflicts of interest or undue influence from connected parties, to ensure objectivity in the decision-making of the board and its ability to oversee management. Common impediments to independence may include but are not limited to:

 

•  

Current or recent employment at the company or a subsidiary

 

•  

Being, or representing, a shareholder with a substantial shareholding in the company

 

•  

Interlocking directorships

 

•  

Having any other interest, business, or other relationship which could, or could reasonably be perceived to, materially interfere with a director’s ability to act in the best interests of the company and shareholders.

In our experience, boards are most effective at overseeing and advising management when there is a senior, independent board leader. This director may chair the board, or, where the chair is also the CEO (or is otherwise not independent), be designated as a lead independent director. The role of this director is to enhance the effectiveness of the independent members of the board through shaping the agenda, ensuring adequate information is provided to the board, and encouraging independent director participation in board deliberations. The lead independent director or another appropriate director should be available to meet with shareholders in those situations where an independent director is best placed to explain and contextualize a company’s approach.

There are matters for which the board has responsibility that may involve a conflict of interest for executives or for affiliated directors, or require additional focus. It is our view that objective oversight of such matters is best achieved when the board forms committees comprised entirely of independent directors. In many markets, these committees of the board specialize in audit, director nominations, and compensation matters. An ad hoc committee might also be formed to decide on a special transaction, particularly one involving a related party, or to investigate a significant adverse event.

When nominating directors to the board, we look to companies to provide sufficient information on the individual candidates so that shareholders can assess the capabilities and suitability of each individual nominee and their fit within overall board composition. These disclosures should give an understanding of how the collective experience and expertise of the board, as well as the particular skill-sets of individual directors, aligns with the company’s long-term strategy and business model. Highly qualified, engaged directors with professional characteristics relevant to a company’s business and strategy enhance the ability of the board to add value and be the voice of shareholders in board discussions.

It is in this context that we are interested in diversity in the board room. We see it as a means to promoting diversity of thought and avoiding “group think” when the board advises and oversees management. This position is based on our view that diversity of perspective and thought – in the board room, in the management team, and throughout the company – leads to better long-term economic outcomes for companies. Academic research has revealed correlations between specific dimensions of diversity and effects on decision-making processes and outcomes.1 In our experience, greater diversity in the board

 

 

1 For a discussion on the different impacts of diversity see: McKinsey, “Diversity Wins: How Inclusion Matters,” May 2022; Harvard Business Review, “Diverse Teams Feel Less Comfortable – and That’s Why They Perform Better,” September 2016; “Do Diverse Directors Influence DEI Outcomes,” September 2022.

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 7

room can contribute to more robust discussions and more innovative and resilient decisions. Over time, greater diversity in the board room can also promote greater diversity and resilience in the leadership team, and the workforce more broadly. That diversity can enable companies to develop businesses that better address the needs of the customers and communities they serve.

We ask boards to disclose how diversity is considered in board composition, including professional characteristics, such as a director’s industry experience, specialist areas of expertise and geographic location; as well as demographic characteristics such as gender, race/ethnicity, and age. 

We look to understand a board’s diversity in the context of a company’s domicile, market capitalization, business model, and strategy. Increasingly, we see the most effective boards nominating directors from diverse backgrounds which helps ensure boards can more effectively understand the company’s customers, employees, and communities. We note that in many markets, policymakers have set board gender diversity goals which we may discuss with companies, particularly if there is a risk their board composition may be misaligned. Self-identified board demographic diversity can usefully be disclosed in aggregate, consistent with local law. We encourage boards to aspire to meaningful diversity of membership, while recognizing that building a strong, diverse board can take time.

Sufficient capacity

As the role and expectations of a director are increasingly demanding, directors must be able to commit an appropriate amount of time to board and committee matters. It is important that directors have the capacity to meet all of their responsibilities - including when there are unforeseen events – and therefore, they should not take on an excessive number of roles that would impair their ability to fulfill their duties.

Auditors and audit-related issues

BlackRock recognizes the critical importance of financial statements, which should provide a true and fair picture of a company’s financial condition. Accordingly, the assumptions made by management and reviewed by the auditor in preparing the financial statements should be reasonable and justified. 

The accuracy of financial statements, inclusive of financial and non-financial information as required or permitted under market-specific accounting rules, is of paramount importance to BlackRock. Investors increasingly recognize that a broader range of risks and opportunities have the potential to materially impact financial performance. Over time, we anticipate investors and other users of company reporting will increasingly seek to understand and scrutinize the assumptions underlying financial statements, particularly those that pertain to the impact of the transition to a low-carbon economy on a company’s business model and asset mix. We recognize that this is an area of evolving practice and note that international standards setters, such as the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Board and the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), continue to develop their guidance to companies.2

In this context, audit committees, or equivalent, play a vital role in a company’s financial reporting system by providing independent oversight of the accounts, material financial and, where appropriate to the jurisdiction, non-financial information and internal control frameworks. Moreover, in the absence of a dedicated risk committee, these committees can provide oversight of Enterprise Risk Management

 

 

2 IFRS, “IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information”, June 2023, and IAASB, “IAASB Launches Public Consultation on Landmark Proposed Global Sustainability Assurance Standard”, August 2023.

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 8

systems.3 In our view, effective audit committee oversight strengthens the quality and reliability of a company’s financial statements and provides an important level of reassurance to shareholders.

We hold members of the audit committee or equivalent responsible for overseeing the management of the audit function. Audit committees or equivalent should have clearly articulated charters that set out their responsibilities and have a rotation plan in place that allows for a periodic refreshment of the committee membership to introduce fresh perspectives to audit oversight. We recognize that audit committees will rely on management, internal audit, and the independent auditor in fulfilling their responsibilities but look to committee members to demonstrate they have relevant expertise to monitor and oversee the audit process and related activities.

We take particular note of unexplained changes in reporting methodology, cases involving significant financial restatements, or ad hoc notifications of material financial weakness. In this respect, audit committees should provide timely disclosure on the remediation of Key and Critical Audit Matters identified either by the external auditor or internal audit function.

The integrity of financial statements depends on the auditor being free of any impediments to being an effective check on management. To that end, it is important that auditors are, and are seen to be, independent. Where an audit firm provides services to the company in addition to the audit, the fees earned should be disclosed and explained. Audit committees should have in place a procedure for assessing annually the independence of the auditor and the quality of the external audit process.

Comprehensive disclosure provides investors with a sense of the company’s long-term operational risk management practices and, more broadly, the quality of the board’s oversight. The audit or risk committee, should periodically review the company’s risk assessment and risk management policies and the significant risks and exposures identified by management, the internal auditors or the independent auditors and management’s steps to address them. In the absence of detailed disclosures, we may reasonably conclude that companies are not adequately managing risk.

Capital structure, mergers, asset sales, and other special transactions

The capital structure of a company is critical to shareholders as it impacts the value of their investment and the priority of their interest in the company relative to that of other equity or debt investors. Preemptive rights are a key protection for shareholders against the dilution of their interests.

Effective voting rights are basic rights of share ownership and a core principle of effective governance. Shareholders, as the residual claimants, have the strongest interest in protecting the financial value of the company, and voting rights should match economic exposure, i.e. one share, one vote.

In principle, we disagree with the creation of a share class with equivalent economic exposure and preferential, differentiated voting rights. In our view, this structure violates the fundamental corporate governance principle of proportionality and results in a concentration of power in the hands of a few shareholders, thus disenfranchising other shareholders and amplifying any potential conflicts of interest. However, we recognize that in certain markets, at least for a period of time, companies may have a valid

 

 

3 Enterprise risk management is a process, effected by the entity’s board of directors, management, and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within the risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives. (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), Enterprise Risk Management — Integrated Framework, September 2004, New York, NY, updated in 2017. Please see: https://www.coso.org/SitePages/Home.aspx).

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 9

argument for listing dual classes of shares with differentiated voting rights. In our view, such companies should review these share class structures on a regular basis or as company circumstances change. Additionally, they should seek shareholder approval of their capital structure on a periodic basis via a management proposal at the company’s shareholder meeting. The proposal should give unaffiliated shareholders the opportunity to affirm the current structure or establish mechanisms to end or phase out controlling structures at the appropriate time, while minimizing costs to shareholders. 

In assessing mergers, asset sales, or other special transactions, BlackRock’s primary consideration is the long-term economic interests of our clients as shareholders. Boards proposing a transaction should clearly explain the economic and strategic rationale behind it. We will review a proposed transaction to determine the degree to which it can enhance long-term shareholder value. We find long-term investors like our clients typically benefit when proposed transactions have the unanimous support of the board and have been negotiated at arm’s length. We may seek reassurance from the board that the financial interests of executives and/or board members in a given transaction have not adversely affected their ability to place shareholders’ interests before their own. Where the transaction involves related parties, the recommendation to support should come from the independent directors, a best practice in most markets, and ideally, the terms should have been assessed through an independent appraisal process. In addition, it is good practice that it be approved by a separate vote of the non-conflicted parties.

As a matter of sound governance practice, shareholders should have a right to dispose of company shares in the open market without unnecessary restriction. In our view, corporate mechanisms designed to limit shareholders’ ability to sell their shares are contrary to basic property rights. Such mechanisms can serve to protect and entrench interests other than those of the shareholders. In our view, shareholders are broadly capable of making decisions in their own best interests. We encourage any so-called “shareholder rights plans” proposed by a board to be subject to shareholder approval upon introduction and periodically thereafter.

Executive compensation

In most markets, one of the most important roles for a company’s board of directors is to put in place a compensation structure that incentivizes and rewards executives appropriately. There should be a clear link between variable pay and operational and financial performance. Performance metrics should be stretching and aligned with a company’s strategy and business model. BIS does not have a position on the use of sustainability-related criteria in compensation structures, but in our view, where companies choose to include these components, they should be adequately disclosed, material to the company’s strategy, and as rigorous as other financial or operational targets. Long-term incentive plans should encompass timeframes that 1) are distinct from annual executive compensation structures and metrics, and 2) encourage the delivery of strong financial results over a period of years. Compensation committees should guard against contractual arrangements that would entitle executives to material compensation for early termination of their employment. Finally, pension contributions and other deferred compensation arrangements should be reasonable, in light of market practices.

We are not supportive of one-off or special bonuses unrelated to company or individual performance. Where discretion has been used by the compensation committee or its equivalent, we expect disclosure relating to how and why the discretion was used, and how the adjusted outcome is aligned with the interests of shareholders. We acknowledge that the use of peer group evaluation by compensation committees can help ensure competitive pay; however, we are concerned when the rationale for increases in total compensation at a company is solely based on peer benchmarking, rather than a rigorous

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 10

measure of outperformance. We encourage companies to clearly explain how compensation outcomes have rewarded performance.

We encourage boards to consider building clawback provisions into incentive plans such that companies could clawback compensation or require executives to forgo awards when compensation was based on faulty financial statements or deceptive business practices. We also favor recoupment from or the foregoing of the grant of any awards by any senior executive whose behavior caused material financial harm to shareholders, material reputational risk to the company, or resulted in a criminal investigation, even if such actions did not ultimately result in a material restatement of past results.

Non-executive directors should be compensated in a manner that is commensurate with the time and effort expended in fulfilling their professional responsibilities. Additionally, these compensation arrangements should not risk compromising directors’ independence or aligning their interests too closely with those of the management, whom they are charged with overseeing.

We use third party research, in addition to our own analysis, to evaluate existing and proposed compensation structures. BIS may signal concerns through not supporting management’s proposals to approve compensation, where they are on the agenda. We may also vote against members of the compensation committee or equivalent board members for poor compensation practices or structures.

Material sustainability-related risks and opportunities

It is our view that well-managed companies will effectively evaluate and manage material sustainability-related risks and opportunities relevant to their businesses. As with all risks and opportunities in a company’s business model, appropriate oversight of material sustainability considerations is a core component of having an effective governance framework, which supports durable, long-term financial value creation.

Robust disclosure is essential for investors to effectively evaluate companies’ strategy and business practices related to material sustainability-related risks and opportunities. Long-term investors like our clients can benefit when companies demonstrate that they have a resilient business model through disclosures thatcover governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics and targets, including industry-specific metrics. The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) standards, IFRS S1 and S2,4 provide companies with a useful guide to preparing this disclosure. The standards build on the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework and the standards and metrics developed by the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), which have converged under the ISSB. We recognize that companies may phase in reporting aligned with the ISSB standards over several years. We also recognize that some companies may report using different standards, which may be required by regulation, or one of a number of voluntary standards. In such cases, we ask that companies highlight the metrics that are industry- or company-specific.

We note that climate and other sustainability-related disclosures often require companies to collect and aggregate data from various internal and external sources. We recognize that the practical realities of data collection and reporting may not line up with financial reporting cycles and companies may require additional time after their fiscal year-end to accurately collect, analyze, and report this data to investors.

 

 

4 The objective of IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information is to require an entity to disclose information about its sustainability-related risks and opportunities that is useful to primary users of general-purpose financial reports in making decisions relating to providing resources to the entity. The objective of IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures is to require an entity to disclose information about its climate-related risks and opportunities that is useful to primary users of general-purpose financial reports in making decisions relating to providing resources to the entity.

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 11

That said, to give investors time to assess the data, we encourage companies to produce climate and other sustainability-related disclosures sufficiently in advance of their annual meeting, to the best of their abilities.

Companies may also choose to adopt or refer to guidance on sustainable and responsible business conduct issued by supranational organizations such as the United Nations or the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Further, industry initiatives on managing specific operational risks may provide useful guidance to companies on best practices and disclosures. We find it helpful to our understanding of investment risk when companies disclose any relevant global climate and other sustainability-related standards adopted, the industry initiatives in which they participate, any peer group benchmarking undertaken, and any assurance processes to help investors understand their approach to sustainable and responsible business practices. We will express any concerns through our voting where a company’s actions or disclosures do not seem adequate in light of the materiality of the business risks. 

Climate and nature-related risk

While companies in various sectors and geographies may be affected differently by climate-related risks and opportunities, the low-carbon transition is an investment factor that can be material for many companies and economies around the globe.

We seek to understand, from company disclosures and engagement, the strategies companies have in place to manage material risks to, and opportunities for, their long-term business model associated with a range of climate-related scenarios, including a scenario in which global warming is limited to well below 2°C, considering global ambitions to achieve a limit of 1.5°C. As one of many shareholders, and typically a minority one, BlackRock does not tell companies what to do. It is the role of the board and management to set and implement a company’s long-term strategy to deliver long-term financial returns. 

Our research shows that the low-carbon transition is a structural shift in the global economy that will be shaped by changes in government policies, technology, and consumer preferences, which may be material for many companies.5 Yet the path to a low-carbon economy is deeply uncertain and uneven, with different parts of the economy moving at different speeds. BIS recognizes that it can be challenging for companies to predict the impact of climate-related risk and opportunity on their businesses and operating environments. Many companies are assessing how to navigate the low-carbon transition while delivering long-term value to investors. In this context, we encourage companies to publicly disclose, consistent with their business model and sector, how they intend to deliver long-term financial performance through the transition to a low-carbon economy. Where available, we appreciate companies publishing their transition plan.6

Consistent with the ISSB standards, we are better able to assess preparedness for the low-carbon transition when companies disclose short-, medium- and long-term targets, ideally science-based where these are available for their sector, for scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reductions and to demonstrate how their targets are consistent with the long-term financial interests of their investors.

 

 

5 BlackRock Investment Institute, “Tracking the low-carbon transition”, July 2023.

6 We have observed that more companies are developing such plans, and public policy makers in a number of markets are signaling their intentions to require them. We view transition plans (TPs) as a method for a company to both internally assess and externally communicate long-term strategy, ambition, objectives, and actions to create financial value through the global transition towards a low-carbon economy. While many initiatives across jurisdictions outline a framework for TPs, there is no consensus on the key elements these plans should contain. We view useful disclosure as that which communicates a company’s approach to managing financially material, business relevant risks and opportunities – including climate-related risks – to deliver long-term financial performance, thus enabling investors to make more informed decisions.

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 12

While we recognize that regulators in some markets are moving to mandate certain disclosures, at this stage, we view scope 3 emissions differently from scopes 1 and 2, given methodological complexity, regulatory uncertainty, concerns about double-counting, and lack of direct control by companies. We welcome disclosures and commitments companies choose to make regarding scope 3 emissions and recognize these are provided on a good-faith basis as methodology develops. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to climate-related risks and opportunities.

In addition to climate-related risks and opportunities, the management of nature-related factors is increasingly a component of some companies’ ability to generate durable, long-term financial returns for shareholders, particularly where a company’s strategy is heavily reliant on the availability of natural capital, or whose supply chains are exposed to locations with nature-related risks. We look for such companies to disclose how they manage any reliance and impact on, as well as use of, natural capital, including appropriate risk oversight and relevant metrics and targets, to understand how these factors are integrated into strategy. We will evaluate these disclosures to inform our view of how a company is managing material nature-related risks and opportunities, as well as in our assessment of relevant shareholder proposals. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to natural capital.7

Key stakeholder interests

In order to advance long-term shareholders’ interests, companies should consider the interests of the various parties on whom they depend for their success over time. It is for each company to determine their key stakeholders based on what is material to their business and long-term financial performance. For many companies, key stakeholders include employees, business partners (such as suppliers and distributors), clients and consumers, regulators, and the communities in which they operate.

As a long-term shareholder on behalf of our clients, we find it helpful when companies disclose how they have identified their key stakeholders and considered their interests in business decision-making. In addition to understanding broader stakeholder relationships, BIS finds it helpful when companies consider the needs of their workforce today, and the skills required for their future business strategy. We are also interested to understand the role of the board, which is well positioned to ensure that the approach taken is informed by and aligns with the company’s strategy and purpose.

Companies should articulate how they address material adverse impacts that could arise from their business practices and affect critical relationships with their stakeholders. We encourage companies to implement, to the extent appropriate, monitoring processes (often referred to as due diligence) to identify and mitigate potential adverse impacts and grievance mechanisms to remediate any actual adverse material impacts. In our view, maintaining trust within these relationships can contribute to a company’s long-term success.

Other corporate governance matters and shareholder protections

 

 

7 Given the growing awareness of the materiality of these issues for certain businesses, enhanced reporting on a company’s natural capital dependencies and impacts would aid investors’ understanding. In our view, the final recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures may prove useful to some companies. We recognize that some companies may report using different standards, which may be required by regulation, or one of a number of other private sector standards.

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 13

In our view, shareholders have a right to material and timely information on the financial performance and viability of the companies in which they invest. In addition, companies should publish information on the governance structures in place and the rights of shareholders to influence these structures. The reporting and disclosure provided by companies help shareholders assess the effectiveness of the board’s oversight of management and whether investors’ economic interests have been protected. We believe shareholders should have the right to vote on key corporate governance matters, including changes to governance mechanisms, to submit proposals to the shareholders’ meeting, and to call special meetings of shareholders.

Corporate form

In our view, it is the responsibility of the board to determine the corporate form that is most appropriate given the company’s purpose and business model.8 Companies proposing to change their corporate form to a public benefit corporation or similar entity should put it to a shareholder vote if not already required to do so under applicable law. Supporting documentation from companies or shareholder proponents proposing to alter the corporate form should clearly articulate how the interests of shareholders and different stakeholders would be impacted as well as the accountability and voting mechanisms that would be available to shareholders. As a fiduciary on behalf of clients, we generally support management proposals if our analysis indicates that shareholders’ economic interests are adequately protected. Relevant shareholder proposals are evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Shareholder proposals

In most markets in which BlackRock invests on behalf of clients, shareholders have the right to submit proposals to be voted on by shareholders at a company’s annual or extraordinary meeting, as long as eligibility and procedural requirements are met. The matters that we see put forward by shareholders address a wide range of topics, including governance reforms, capital management, and improvements in the management or disclosure of sustainability-related risks.

BlackRock is subject to legal and regulatory requirements in the U.S. that place restrictions and limitations on how BlackRock can interact with the companies in which we invest on behalf of our clients, including our ability to submit shareholder proposals. We can vote, on behalf of clients who authorize us to do so, on proposals put forth by others.

When assessing shareholder proposals, we evaluate each proposal on its merit, with a singular focus on its implications for long-term financial value creation by that company. We believe it is helpful for companies to disclose the names of the proponent or organization that has submitted or advised on the proposal. We consider the business and economic relevance of the issue raised, as well as its materiality and the urgency with which our experience indicates it should be addressed. We would not support proposals that we believe would result in over-reaching into the basic business decisions of the company. We take into consideration the legal effect of the proposal, as shareholder proposals may be advisory or legally binding depending on the jurisdiction, while others may make requests that would be deemed illegal in a given jurisdiction.

Where a proposal is focused on a material business risk that we agree needs to be addressed and the intended outcome is consistent with long-term financial value creation, we will look to the board and management to demonstrate that the company has met the intent of the request made in the shareholder proposal. Where our analysis and/or engagement indicate an opportunity for improvement in the

 

 

8 Corporate form refers to the legal structure by which a business is organized.

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 14

company’s approach to the issue, we may support shareholder proposals that are reasonable and not unduly prescriptive or constraining on management.

We recognize that some shareholder proposals bundle topics and/or specific requests and include supporting statements that explain the reasoning or objectives of the proponent. In voting on behalf of clients, we do not submit or edit proposals or the supporting statements – we must vote yes or no on the proposal as phrased by the proponent. Therefore, when we vote in support of a proposal, we are not necessarily endorsing every element of the proposal or the reasoning, objectives, or supporting statement of the proponent. We may support a proposal for different reasons from those put forth by the proponent, when we believe that, overall, it can advance our clients’ long-term financial interests. We would normally explain to the company our rationale for supporting such proposals.

Alternatively, or in addition, we may vote against the election of one or more directors if, in our assessment, the board has not responded sufficiently or with an appropriate sense of urgency. We may also support a proposal if management is on track, but we believe that voting in favor might accelerate efforts to address a material risk.

BlackRock’s oversight of its investment stewardship activities

Oversight

BlackRock maintains three regional advisory committees (Stewardship Advisory Committees) for a) the Americas; b) Europe, the Middle East and Africa; and c) Asia-Pacific, generally consisting of senior BlackRock investment professionals and/or senior employees with practical boardroom experience. The regional Stewardship Advisory Committees review and advise on amendments to BIS regional proxy voting guidelines (the Guidelines) covering markets within each respective region. The advisory committees do not determine voting decisions, which are the responsibility of BIS.

In addition to the regional Stewardship Advisory Committees, the Investment Stewardship Global Oversight Committee (Global Oversight Committee) is a risk-focused committee, comprised of senior representatives from various BlackRock investment teams, a senior legal representative, the Global Head of Investment Stewardship (Global Head), and other senior executives with relevant experience and team oversight. The Global Committee does not determine voting decisions, which are the responsibility of BIS.

The Global Head has primary oversight of the activities of BIS, including voting in accordance with the Guidelines, which require the application of professional judgment and consideration of each company’s unique circumstances. The Global Committee reviews and approves amendments to these Principles. The Global Committee also reviews and approves amendments to the regional Guidelines, as proposed by the regional Stewardship Advisory Committees.

In addition, the Global Committee receives and reviews periodic reports regarding the votes cast by BIS, as well as updates on material process issues, procedural changes, and other risk oversight considerations. The Global Committee reviews these reports in an oversight capacity as informed by the Guidelines.

BIS carries out engagement with companies, executes proxy votes, and conducts vote operations (including maintaining records of votes cast) in a manner consistent with the relevant Guidelines. BIS also conducts research on corporate governance issues and participates in industry discussions to contribute to and keep abreast of important developments in the corporate governance field. BIS may

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 15

utilize third parties for certain of the foregoing activities and performs oversight of those third parties. BIS may raise complicated or particularly controversial matters for internal discussion with the relevant investment teams and governance specialists for discussion and guidance prior to making a voting decision.

Vote execution

BlackRock votes on proxy issues when our clients authorize us to do so. When BlackRock has been authorized to vote on behalf of our clients, we carefully consider proxies submitted to funds and other fiduciary account(s) (Fund or Funds) for which we have voting authority. BlackRock votes (or refrains from voting) proxies for each Fund for which we have voting authority based on our evaluation of the alignment of the voting items with the long-term economic interests of our clients, in the exercise of our independent business judgment, and without regard to the relationship of the issuer of the proxy (or any shareholder proponent or dissident shareholder) to the Fund, the Fund’s affiliates (if any), BlackRock or BlackRock’s affiliates, or BlackRock employees (see “Conflicts management policies and procedures,” below).

When exercising voting rights, BIS will normally vote on specific proxy issues in accordance with the Guidelines for the relevant market, as well as the Global Principles. The Guidelines are reviewed annually and are amended consistent with changes in the local market practice, as developments in corporate governance occur, or as otherwise deemed advisable by the applicable Stewardship Advisory Committees. BIS analysts may, in the exercise of their professional judgment, conclude that the Guidelines do not cover the specific matter upon which a proxy vote is required or that an exception to the Guidelines would be in the long-term economic interests of BlackRock’s clients.

In the uncommon circumstance of there being a vote with respect to fixed income securities or the securities of privately held issuers, the decision generally will be made by a Fund’s portfolio managers and/or BIS based on an assessment of the particular transactions or other matters at issue.

In certain markets, proxy voting involves logistical issues which can affect BIS’ ability to vote such proxies, as well as the desirability of voting such proxies. These issues include, but are not limited to: i) untimely notice of shareholder meetings; ii) restrictions on a foreigner’s ability to exercise votes; iii) requirements to vote proxies in person; iv) “share-blocking” (requirements that investors who exercise their voting rights surrender the right to dispose of their holdings for some specified period in proximity to the shareholder meeting); v) potential difficulties in translating the proxy; vi) regulatory constraints; and vii) requirements to provide local agents with unrestricted powers of attorney to facilitate voting instructions. We are not supportive of impediments to the exercise of voting rights such as share-blocking or overly burdensome administrative requirements.

As a consequence, BlackRock votes proxies in these situations on a “best-efforts” basis. In addition, BIS may determine that it is generally in the interests of BlackRock’s clients not to vote proxies (or not to vote our full allocation) if the costs (including but not limited to opportunity costs associated with share-blocking constraints) associated with exercising a vote are expected to outweigh the benefit the client would derive by voting on the proposal.

Active portfolio managers have full discretion to vote the shares in the Funds they manage based on their analysis of the economic impact of a particular ballot item on their investors. Portfolio managers may, from time to time, reach differing views on how to maximize economic value with respect to a particular investment. Therefore, portfolio managers may, and sometimes do, vote shares in the Funds under their

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 16

management differently from BIS or from one another. However, because BlackRock’s clients are mostly long-term investors with long-term economic goals, ballots are generally cast in a uniform manner. 

Voting Choice

BlackRock offers a Voting Choice program, which provides eligible clients with more opportunities to participate in the proxy voting process where legally and operationally viable. BlackRock Voting Choice aims to make proxy voting easier and more accessible for eligible clients. 

Voting Choice is currently available for eligible clients invested in certain institutional pooled funds in the U.S., UK, Ireland, and Canada that utilize equity index investment strategies, as well as eligible clients in certain institutional pooled funds in the U.S., UK, and Canada that use systematic active equity (SAE) strategies. Currently, this includes over 650 pooled investment funds, including equity index funds and SAE investment funds. In addition, institutional clients in separately managed accounts (SMAs) continue to be eligible for BlackRock Voting Choice regardless of their investment strategies.9

As a result, the shares attributed to BlackRock in company share registers may be voted differently depending on whether our clients have authorized BIS to vote on their behalf, have authorized BIS to vote in accordance with a third-party policy, or have elected to vote shares in accordance with their own policy. Agreements with our clients to allow them greater control over their voting, including which policies they have selected, will be treated confidentially consistent with our treatment of similar client agreements.

Conflicts management policies and procedures

BIS maintains policies and procedures that seek to prevent undue influence on BlackRock’s proxy voting activity. Such influence might stem from any relationship between the investee company (or any shareholder proponent or dissident shareholder) and BlackRock, BlackRock’s affiliates, a Fund or a Fund’s affiliates, or BlackRock employees. The following are examples of sources of perceived or potential conflicts of interest:

 

•  

BlackRock clients who may be issuers of securities or proponents of shareholder resolutions

 

•  

BlackRock business partners or third parties who may be issuers of securities or proponents of shareholder resolutions

 

•  

BlackRock employees who may sit on the boards of public companies held in Funds managed by BlackRock

 

•  

Significant BlackRock, Inc. investors who may be issuers of securities held in Funds managed by BlackRock

 

•  

Securities of BlackRock, Inc. or BlackRock investment funds held in Funds managed by BlackRock

 

•  

BlackRock, Inc. board members who serve as senior executives or directors of public companies held in Funds managed by BlackRock

 

 

9 Read more about BlackRock Voting Choice on our website.

 

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BlackRock has taken certain steps to mitigate perceived or potential conflicts including, but not limited to, the following:

 

•  

Adopted the Guidelines which are designed to advance our clients’ long-term economic interests in the companies in which BlackRock invests on their behalf

 

•  

Established a reporting structure that separates BIS from employees with sales, vendor management, or business partnership roles. In addition, BlackRock seeks to ensure that all engagements with corporate issuers, dissident shareholders or shareholder proponents are managed consistently and without regard to BlackRock’s relationship with such parties. Clients or business partners are not given special treatment or differentiated access to BIS. BIS prioritizes engagements based on factors including, but not limited to, our need for additional information to make a voting decision or our view on the likelihood that an engagement could lead to positive outcome(s) over time for the economic value of the company. Within the normal course of business, BIS may engage directly with BlackRock clients, business partners and/or third parties, and/or with employees with sales, vendor management, or business partnership roles, in discussions regarding our approach to stewardship, general corporate governance matters, client reporting needs, and/or to otherwise ensure that proxy-related client service levels are met

 

•  

Determined to engage, in certain instances, an independent third-party voting service provider to make proxy voting recommendations as a further safeguard to avoid potential conflicts of interest, to satisfy regulatory compliance requirements, or as may be otherwise required by applicable law. In such circumstances, the independent third-party voting service provider provides BlackRock with recommendations, in accordance with the Guidelines, as to how to vote such proxies. BlackRock uses an independent third-party voting service provider to make proxy voting recommendations for shares of BlackRock, Inc. and companies affiliated with BlackRock, Inc. BlackRock may also use an independent third-party voting service provider to make proxy voting recommendations for:

 

  ○  

public companies that include BlackRock employees on their boards of directors

 

  ○  

public companies of which a BlackRock, Inc. board member serves as a senior executive or a member of the board of directors

 

  ○  

public companies that are the subject of certain transactions involving BlackRock Funds

 

  ○  

public companies that are joint venture partners with BlackRock, and

 

  ○  

public companies when legal or regulatory requirements compel BlackRock to use an independent third-party voting service provider

In selecting an independent third-party voting service provider, we assess several characteristics, including but not limited to: independence, an ability to analyze proxy issues and make recommendations in the economic interest of our clients in accordance with the Guidelines, reputation for reliability and integrity, and operational capacity to accurately deliver the assigned recommendations in a timely manner. We may engage more than one independent third-party voting service provider, in part to mitigate potential or perceived conflicts of interest at a single voting service provider. The Global Committee appoints and reviews the performance of the independent third-party voting service providers, generally on an annual basis.

Securities lending

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Global Principles | 18

When so authorized, BlackRock acts as a securities lending agent on behalf of Funds. Securities lending is a well-regulated practice that contributes to capital market efficiency. It also enables funds to generate additional returns while allowing fund providers to keep fund expenses lower.

With regard to the relationship between securities lending and proxy voting, BlackRock cannot vote shares on loan and may determine to recall them for voting, as guided by our fiduciary responsibility to act in our clients’ financial interests. While this has occurred in a limited number of cases, the decision to recall securities on loan as part of BlackRock’s securities lending program in order to vote is based on an evaluation of various factors that include, but are not limited to, assessing potential securities lending revenue alongside the potential long-term financial value to clients of voting those securities (based on the information available at the time of recall consideration).10 BIS works with colleagues in the Securities Lending and Risk and Quantitative Analysis teams to evaluate the costs and benefits to clients of recalling shares on loan.

In almost all instances, BlackRock anticipates that the potential long-term financial value to the Fund of voting shares would be less than the potential revenue the loan may provide the Fund. However, in certain instances, BlackRock may determine, in our independent business judgment as a fiduciary, that the value of voting outweighs the securities lending revenue loss to clients and would therefore recall shares to be voted in those instances.

Periodically, BlackRock reviews our process for determining whether to recall securities on loan in order to vote and may modify it as necessary.

Voting guidelines

The voting guidelines published for each region/country in which we vote are intended to summarize BlackRock’s general philosophy and approach to issues that may commonly arise in the proxy voting context in each market where we invest. The Guidelines are not intended to be exhaustive. BIS applies the Guidelines on a case-by-case basis, in the context of the individual circumstances of each company and the specific issue under review. As such, the Guidelines do not indicate how BIS will vote in every instance. Rather, they reflect our view about corporate governance issues generally, and provide insight into how we typically approach issues that commonly arise on corporate ballots. As previously discussed, the Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the Principles and engagement priorities. Collectively, these “BIS policies” set out the core elements of corporate governance that guide our investment stewardship efforts globally and within each market, including when engaging with companies and voting at shareholder meetings. The BIS policies are applied on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the context within which a company is operating.

Reporting and vote transparency

We are committed to transparency in the stewardship work we do on behalf of clients. We inform clients about our engagement and voting policies and activities through direct communication and through disclosure on our website. Each year we publish an annual report that provides a global overview of our

 

 

10 Recalling securities on loan can be impacted by the timing of record dates. In the U.S., for example, the record date of a shareholder meeting typically falls before the proxy statements are released. Accordingly, it is not practicable to evaluate a proxy statement, determine that a vote has a material impact on a fund and recall any shares on loan in advance of the record date for the annual meeting. As a result, managers must weigh independent business judgement as a fiduciary, the benefit to a fund’s shareholders of recalling loaned shares in advance of an estimated record date without knowing whether there will be a vote on matters which have a material impact on the fund (thereby forgoing potential securities lending revenue for the fund’s shareholders) or leaving shares on loan to potentially earn revenue for the fund (thereby forgoing the opportunity to vote).

 

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investment stewardship engagement and voting activities and a voting spotlight that summarizes our voting over a proxy year.11 Additionally, we make public our regional proxy voting guidelines for the benefit of clients and the companies in which we invest on their behalf. We also publish commentaries to share our perspective on market developments and emerging key themes.

At a more granular level, on a quarterly basis, we publish our vote record for each company that held a shareholder meeting during the period, showing how BIS voted on each proposal and providing our rationale for any votes against management proposals or on shareholder proposals. For shareholder meetings where a vote might be high profile or of significant interest to clients, we may publish a vote bulletin after the meeting, disclosing and explaining our vote on key proposals. We also publish a quarterly list of all companies with which we engaged and the key topics addressed in the engagement meeting. 

In this way, we help inform our clients about the work we do on their behalf in promoting the governance and business practices that support durable, long-term financial value creation.

 

 

 

 

 

11 The proxy year runs from July 1 to June 30.

 

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Want to know more?

blackrock.com/stewardship | contactstewardship@blackrock.com

This document is provided for information and educational purposes only. Investing involves risk, including the loss of principal.

Prepared by BlackRock, Inc.

©2024 BlackRock, Inc. All rights reserved. BLACKROCK is a trademark of BlackRock, Inc., or its subsidiaries in the United States and elsewhere. All other trademarks are those of their respective owners.

 

LOGO

LOGO

BlackRock Investment Stewardship Proxy voting guidelines for U.S. securities Effective as of January 2024

Contents

 

Introduction

      3  

Voting guidelines

      3  

Boards and directors

      4  

Board structure

      6  

Board composition and effectiveness

      8  

Board responsiveness and shareholder rights

      9  

Auditors and audit-related issues

     11  

Capital structure proposals

      11  

Mergers, acquisitions, transactions, and other special situations

      12  

Executive compensation

      14  

Material sustainability-related risks and opportunities

      17  

General corporate governance matters

      20  

Shareholder protections

      23  

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Proxy voting guidelines for U.S. securities | 2

These guidelines should be read in conjunction with the BlackRock Investment Stewardship Global Principles.

Introduction

BlackRock’s clients depend on us to help them meet their long-term investment goals. Given that the business decisions that companies make have a direct impact on our clients’ long-term investment outcomes and financial well-being, we consider it one of our responsibilities to promote sound corporate governance as an informed, engaged shareholder on their behalf. At BlackRock, this is the responsibility of the BlackRock Investment Stewardship (BIS) team, which serves as a link between BlackRock’s clients and the companies we invest in on their behalf. In BIS’ experience, sound governance is critical to the success of a company, the protection of investors’ interests, and long-term financial value creation.

To that end, BIS takes a long-term approach to stewardship, focused on understanding the drivers of risk and financial value creation in companies’ business models. We do this in three ways:

 

  1.

Engaging with companies to build our understanding of a company’s approach to corporate governance and business risks and opportunities.

 

  2.

Voting at shareholder meetings on management and shareholder proposals on behalf of clients who have delegated voting authority to BlackRock. Voting is the formal mechanism through which we signal our support for, or concerns about, how companies are serving the long-term financial interests of BlackRock’s clients.

 

  3.

Contributing to emerging thinking on stewardship to share our perspectives with clients, policymakers, and others in the corporate governance ecosystem, on topical and emerging stewardship issues that we believe may impact clients’ financial interests as long-term investors.

The following issue-specific proxy voting guidelines (the “Guidelines”) summarize BIS’ philosophy and approach to engagement and voting, as well as our view of governance best practices and the roles and responsibilities of boards and directors for publicly listed U.S. companies. These Guidelines are not intended to limit the analysis of individual issues at specific companies or provide a guide to how BIS will engage and/or vote in every instance. They are to be applied with discretion, taking into consideration the range of issues and facts specific to the company, as well as individual ballot items at shareholder meetings.

Voting guidelines

These guidelines are divided into eight key themes, which group together the issues that frequently appear on the agenda of shareholder meetings:

 

•  

Boards and directors

 

•  

Auditors and audit-related issues

 

•  

Capital structure

 

•  

Mergers, acquisitions, asset sales, and other special transactions

 

•  

Executive compensation

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Proxy voting guidelines for U.S. securities | 3

•  

Material sustainability-related risks and opportunities

 

•  

General corporate governance matters

 

•  

Shareholder protections

Boards and directors

We believe that an effective and well-functioning board that has appropriate governance structures to facilitate oversight of a company’s management and strategic initiatives is critical to the long-term financial success of a company and the protection of shareholders’ economic interests. In our view, a strong board can be a competitive advantage to a company, providing valuable oversight of and perspectives to management on the most important decisions in support of long-term financial performance. As part of their responsibilities, board members have a fiduciary duty to shareholders to oversee the strategic direction, operations, and risk management of a company. For this reason, BIS sees engagement with and the election of directors as one of our most important responsibilities.

Disclosure of material risks that may affect a company’s long-term strategy and financial value creation, including material sustainability-related factors when relevant, is essential for shareholders to appropriately understand and assess how effectively management is identifying, managing, and mitigating such risks.

Where a company has not adequately disclosed and demonstrated that its board has fulfilled these corporate governance and risk oversight responsibilities, we will consider voting against the election of directors who, on our assessment, have particular responsibility for the issues, as indicated below.

Independence

It is our view that a majority of the directors on the board should be independent to ensure objectivity in the decision-making of the board and its ability to oversee management. In addition, all members of audit, compensation, and nominating/governance board committees should be independent. Our view of independence may vary from listing standards.

Common impediments to independence may include:

 

•  

Employment as a senior executive by the company or a subsidiary within the past five years

 

•  

An equity ownership in the company in excess of 20%

 

•  

Having any other interest, business, or relationship (professional or personal) which could, or could reasonably be perceived to, materially interfere with the director’s ability to act in the best interests of the company and its shareholders

We may vote against directors who we do not consider to be independent, including at controlled companies, when we believe oversight could be enhanced with greater independent director representation. To signal our concerns, we may also vote against the chair of the nominating/governance committee, or where no chair exists, the nominating/governance committee member with the longest tenure.

 

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Oversight role of the board

The board should exercise appropriate oversight of management and the business activities of the company. Where we determine that a board has failed to do so in a way that may impede a company’s ability to deliver long-term financial value, we may vote against the responsible committees and/or individual directors.

Common circumstances are illustrated below:

 

•  

Where the board has failed to facilitate quality, independent auditing or accounting practices, we may vote against members of the audit committee

 

•  

Where the company has failed to provide shareholders with adequate disclosure to conclude that appropriate strategic consideration is given to material risk factors (including, where relevant, material sustainability factors), we may vote against members of the responsible committee, or the most relevant director

 

•  

Where it appears that a director has acted (at the company or at other companies) in a manner that compromises their ability to represent the best long-term economic interests of shareholders, we may vote against that individual

 

•  

Where a director has a multi-year pattern of poor attendance at combined board and applicable committee meetings, or a director has poor attendance in a single year with no disclosed rationale, we may vote against that individual. Excluding exigent circumstances, BIS generally considers attendance at less than 75% of the combined board and applicable committee meetings to be poor attendance

Sufficient capacity

Where a director serves on an excessive number of boards, which may limit their capacity to focus on each board’s needs, we may vote against that individual. The following identifies the maximum number of boards on which a director may serve, before BIS considers them to be over-committed:

 

 
     Total # of Public Boards
   

Public Company Executives1

   2
   

Non-Executive Directors

    4

In addition, we recognize that board leadership roles may vary in responsibility and time requirements in different markets around the world. In particular, where a director maintains a Chair role of a publicly listed company in European markets, we may consider that responsibility as equal to two board commitments, consistent with our EMEA Proxy Voting Guidelines. We will take the total number of board commitments across our global policies into account for director elections.

 

 

1 A public company executive is defined as a Named Executive Officer or Executive Chair.

 

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Risk oversight

Companies should have an established process for identifying, monitoring, and managing business and material risks. Independent directors should have access to relevant management information and outside advice, as appropriate, to ensure they can properly oversee risk. We encourage companies to provide transparency around risk management, mitigation, and reporting to the board. We are particularly interested in understanding how risk oversight processes evolve in response to changes in corporate strategy and/or shifts in the business and related risk environment. Comprehensive disclosures provide investors with a sense of the company’s long-term risk management practices and, more broadly, the quality of the board’s oversight. In the absence of robust disclosures, we may reasonably conclude that companies are not adequately managing risk.

Board Structure

Classified board of directors/staggered terms

Directors should be re-elected annually; classification of the board generally limits shareholders’ rights to regularly evaluate a board’s performance and select directors. While we will typically support proposals requesting board de-classification, we may make exceptions, should the board articulate an appropriate strategic rationale for a classified board structure. This may include when a company needs consistency and stability during a time of transition, e.g., newly public companies or companies undergoing a strategic restructuring. A classified board structure may also be justified at non-operating companies, e.g., closed-end funds or business development companies (“BDC”),2 in certain circumstances. However, in these instances, boards should periodically review the rationale for a classified structure and consider when annual elections might be more appropriate.

Without a voting mechanism to immediately address concerns about a specific director, we may choose to vote against the directors up for election at the time (see “Shareholder rights” for additional detail).

Independent leadership

There are two commonly accepted structures for independent leadership to balance the CEO role in the boardroom: 1) an independent Chair; or 2) a Lead Independent Director when the roles of Chair and CEO are combined, or when the Chair is otherwise not independent. 

In the absence of a significant governance concern, we defer to boards to designate the most appropriate leadership structure to ensure adequate balance and independence.3 However, BIS may vote against the most senior non-executive member of the board when appropriate independence is lacking in designated leadership roles.

In the event that the board chooses to have a combined Chair/CEO or a non-independent Chair, we support the designation of a Lead Independent Director, with the ability to: 1) provide formal input into board meeting agendas; 2) call meetings of the independent directors; and 3) preside at meetings of independent directors. These roles and responsibilities should be disclosed and easily accessible. 

 

 

2 A BDC is a special investment vehicle under the Investment Company Act of 1940 that is designed to facilitate capital formation for small and middle-market companies.

3 To this end, we do not view shareholder proposals asking for the separation of Chair and CEO to be a proxy for other concerns we may have at the company for which a vote against directors would be more appropriate. Rather, support for such a proposal might arise in the case of overarching and sustained governance concerns such as lack of independence or failure to oversee a material risk over consecutive years.

 

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The following table illustrates examples4 of responsibilities under each board leadership model:

 

   
      Combined Chair/CEO or CEO + Non-independent Chair    Separate Independent Chair
  

Chair/CEO or Non-

independent Chair

    Lead Independent Director    Independent Chair
     

Board

Meetings

    Authority to call full meetings of the board of directors    Authority to call meetings of independent directors    Authority to call full meetings of the board of directors
        Attends full meetings of the board of directors     
        Briefs CEO on issues arising from executive sessions     
     
Agenda    Primary responsibility for shaping board agendas, consulting with the lead independent director    Collaborates with chair/CEO to set board agenda and board information    Primary responsibility for shaping board agendas, in conjunction with CEO
     
Board Communications     Communicates with all directors on key issues and concerns outside of full board meetings    Facilitates discussion among independent directors on key issues and concerns outside of full board meetings, including contributing to the oversight of CEO and management succession planning    Facilitates discussion among independent directors on key issues and concerns outside of full board meetings, including contributing to the oversight of CEO and management succession planning

CEO and management succession planning

Companies should have a robust CEO and senior management succession plan in place at the board level that is reviewed and updated on a regular basis. Succession planning should cover scenarios over both the long-term, consistent with the strategic direction of the company and identified leadership needs over time, as well as the short-term, in the event of an unanticipated executive departure. We encourage the company to explain their executive succession planning process, including where accountability lies within the boardroom for this task, without prematurely divulging sensitive information commonly associated with this exercise.

Where there is significant concern regarding the board’s succession planning efforts, we may vote against members of the responsible committee, or the most relevant director.

During a CEO transition, companies may elect for the departing CEO to maintain a role in the boardroom. We ask for disclosures to understand the timeframe and responsibilities of this role. In such instances, we typically look for the board to have appropriate independent leadership structures in place. (See chart above.)

Director compensation and equity programs

Compensation for directors should generally be structured to attract and retain directors, while also aligning their interests with those of shareholders. In our view, director compensation packages that are

 

 

4 This table is for illustrative purposes only. The roles and responsibilities cited here are not all-encompassing and are noted for reference as to how these leadership positions may be defined.

 

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based on the company’s long-term value creation and include some form of long-term equity compensation are more likely to meet this goal.

Board composition and effectiveness

Director qualifications and skills

We encourage boards to periodically review director qualifications and skills to ensure relevant experience and diverse perspectives are represented in the boardroom. To this end, performance reviews and skills assessments should be conducted by the nominating/governance committee or the Lead Independent Director. This process may include internal board evaluations; however, boards may also find it useful to periodically conduct an assessment with a third party. We encourage boards to disclose their approach to evaluations, including objectives of the evaluation; if an external party conducts the evaluation; the frequency of the evaluations; and, whether that evaluation occurs on an individual director basis.

Board term limits and director tenure

Where boards find that age limits or term limits are a valuable mechanism for ensuring periodic board refreshment, we generally defer to the board’s determination in setting such limits. BIS will also consider the average board tenure to evaluate processes for board renewal. We may oppose boards that appear to have an insufficient mix of short-, medium-, and long-tenured directors.

In addition, where boards have adopted corporate governance guidelines regarding committee leadership and/or membership rotation, we appreciate clear disclosure of those policies.

Board diversity

As noted above, highly qualified, engaged directors with professional characteristics relevant to a company’s business enhance the ability of the board to add value and be the voice of shareholders in board discussions. In our view, a strong board provides a competitive advantage to a company, providing valuable oversight and contributing to the most important management decisions that support long-term financial performance.

It is in this context that we are interested in diversity in the boardroom. We see it as a means to promoting diversity of thought and avoiding ‘group think’ in the board’s advising of and overseeing management. It can help boards to have deeper discussions and make more resilient decisions. We ask boards to disclose how diversity is considered in board composition, including professional characteristics, such as a director’s relevant industry experience, specialist areas of expertise and geographic location; as well as demographic characteristics such as gender, race/ethnicity, and age. 

We look to understand a board’s diversity in the context of a company’s domicile, market capitalization, business model, and strategy. Increasingly, we see leading boards nominating directors from diverse backgrounds which helps ensure boards can more effectively understand the company’s customers, employees, and communities. Self-identified board demographic diversity can usefully be disclosed in aggregate, consistent with local law. We encourage boards to aspire to meaningful diversity of membership, at least consistent with local regulatory requirements and best practices, while recognizing that building a strong, diverse board can take time. We take a case-by-case approach and consider the size of the board in our evaluation of overall composition and diversity. Business model, strategy, location, and company size may also impact our analysis of board diversity. We acknowledge that these factors

 

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may also play into the various elements of diversity that a board may attract. We look for disclosures from companies to help us understand their approach and do not prescribe any particular board composition.

In the U.S., we believe that boards should aspire to at least 30% diversity of membership,5 and we encourage large companies, such as those in the S&P 500, to lead in achieving this standard. In light of market developments,6 an informative indicator of diversity for such companies is having at least two women and a director who identifies as a member of an underrepresented group.7 We recognize that companies with smaller market capitalizations and in certain sectors may face more challenges. Among these smaller companies, we look for the presence of diversity and take into consideration the steps that companies are taking to ensure diversity on their board.

In order to help investors understand overall diversity, we look to boards to disclose:

 

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The process by which candidates for board positions are identified, including whether professional firms or other resources outside of incumbent directors’ networks are engaged to identify and/or assess candidates, and whether a diverse slate of nominees is considered for all available board nominations

 

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How directors’ professional characteristics, which may include domain expertise such as finance or technology, and sector- or market-specific experience, are complementary and link to the company’s long-term strategy

 

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How diversity, including professional characteristics and demographic factors, is considered in board composition, given the company’s long-term strategy and business model

To the extent that, based on our assessment of corporate disclosures, a company has not adequately explained their approach to diversity in their board composition, we may vote against members of the nominating/governance committee. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to board diversity.

Board size

We typically defer to the board in setting the appropriate size and believe that directors are generally in the best position to assess the optimal board size to ensure effectiveness. However, we may vote against the appropriate committees and/or individual directors if, in our view, the board is ineffective in its oversight, either because it is too small to allow for the necessary range of skills and experience or too large to function efficiently.

Board responsiveness and shareholder rights

Shareholder rights

 

 

5 For a discussion on the different impacts of diversity see: McKinsey, “Diversity Wins: How Inclusion Matters”, May 2022; Harvard Business Review, “Diverse Teams Feel Less Comfortable – and That’s Why They Perform Better”, September 2016; “Do Diverse Directors Influence DEI Outcomes”, September 2022

6 Spierings, Merel “Corporate Director Diversity Can Contribute to Board Effectiveness” Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance (Nov. 2023) https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2023/11/24/us-public-company-board-diversity-in-2023/

7 Including, but not limited to, individuals who identify as Black or African American, Hispanic or Latinx, Asian, Native American or Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; individuals who identify as LGBTQ+; individuals who identify as underrepresented based on national, Indigenous, religious, or cultural identity; individuals with disabilities; and veterans.

 

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Where we determine that a board has not acted in the best interests of the company’s shareholders, or takes action to unreasonably limit shareholder rights, we may vote against the relevant committees and/or individual directors. Common circumstances are illustrated below:

 

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The independent Chair or Lead Independent Director and members of the nominating/governance committee, where a board implements or renews a poison pill without shareholder approval

 

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The independent Chair or Lead Independent Director and members of the nominating/governance committee, where a board amends the charter/articles/bylaws and where the effect may be to entrench directors or to unreasonably reduce shareholder rights

 

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Members of the compensation committee where the company has repriced options without shareholder approval

If a board maintains a classified structure, it is possible that the director(s) or committee members with whom we have a particular concern may not be subject to election in the year that the concern arises. In such situations, we may register our concern by voting against the most relevant director(s) up for election. 

Responsiveness to shareholders

A board should be engaged with and responsive to the company’s shareholders, including acknowledging voting outcomes for director elections, compensation, shareholder proposals, and other ballot items. Where we determine that a board has not substantially addressed shareholder concerns that we deem material to the business, we may vote against the responsible committees and/or individual directors. Common circumstances are illustrated below:

 

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The Independent Chair or Lead Independent Director, members of the nominating/governance committee, and/or the longest tenured director(s), where we observe a lack of board responsiveness to shareholders, evidence of board entrenchment, and/or failure to plan for adequate board member succession

 

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The chair of the nominating/governance committee, or where the chair is not standing for election, the nominating/governance committee member with the longest tenure, where board member(s) at the most recent election of directors have received against votes from more than 25% of shares voted, and the board has not taken appropriate action to respond to shareholder concerns. This may not apply in cases where BIS did not support the initial vote against such board member(s)

 

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The Independent Chair or Lead Independent Director and/or members of the nominating/governance committee, where a board fails to consider shareholder proposals that (1) receive substantial support, and (2) in our view, have a material impact on the business, shareholder rights, or the potential for long-term value creation

Majority vote requirements

Directors should generally be elected by a majority of the shares voted. We will normally support proposals seeking to introduce bylaws requiring a majority vote standard for director elections. Majority vote standards generally assist in ensuring that directors who are not broadly supported by shareholders are not elected to serve as their representatives. As a best practice, companies with either a majority vote standard or a plurality vote standard should adopt a resignation policy for directors who do not receive support from at least a majority of votes cast. Where the company already has a sufficiently robust

 

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majority voting process in place, we are unlikely to support a shareholder proposal seeking an alternative mechanism.

We note that majority voting may not be appropriate in all circumstances, for example, in the context of a contested election, or for majority-controlled companies or those with concentrated ownership structures.

Cumulative voting

As stated above, a majority vote standard is generally in the best long-term interests of shareholders, as it ensures director accountability through the requirement to be elected by more than half of the votes cast. As such, we will generally oppose proposals requesting the adoption of cumulative voting, which may disproportionately aggregate votes on certain issues or director candidates.

Auditors and audit-related issues

BIS recognizes the critical importance of financial statements to provide a complete and accurate portrayal of a company’s financial condition. Consistent with our approach to voting on directors, we seek to hold the audit committee of the board responsible for overseeing the management of the independent auditor and the internal audit function at a company.

We may vote against the audit committee members where the board has failed to facilitate quality, independent auditing. We look to public disclosures for insight into the scope of the audit committee responsibilities, including an overview of audit committee processes, issues on the audit committee agenda, and key decisions taken by the audit committee. We take particular note of cases involving significant financial restatements or material weakness disclosures, and we look for timely disclosure and remediation of accounting irregularities.

The integrity of financial statements depends on the auditor effectively fulfilling its role. To that end, we favor an independent auditor. In addition, to the extent that an auditor fails to reasonably identify and address issues that eventually lead to a significant financial restatement, or the audit firm has violated standards of practice, we may also vote against ratification.

From time to time, shareholder proposals may be presented to promote auditor independence or the rotation of audit firms. We may support these proposals when they are consistent with our views as described above.

Capital structure proposals

Equal voting rights

In our view, shareholders should be entitled to voting rights in proportion to their economic interests. In addition, companies that have implemented dual or multiple class share structures should review these structures on a regular basis, or as company circumstances change. Companies with multiple share classes should receive shareholder approval of their capital structure on a periodic basis via a management proposal on the company’s proxy. The proposal should give unaffiliated shareholders the opportunity to affirm the current structure or establish mechanisms to end or phase out controlling structures at the appropriate time, while minimizing costs to shareholders. Where companies are unwilling to voluntarily implement “one share, one vote” within a specified timeframe, or are unresponsive

 

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to shareholder feedback for change over time, we generally support shareholder proposals to recapitalize stock into a single voting class.

Blank check preferred stock

We frequently oppose proposals requesting authorization of a class of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights (“blank check” preferred stock) because they may serve as a transfer of authority from shareholders to the board and as a possible entrenchment device. We generally view the board’s discretion to establish voting rights on a when-issued basis as a potential anti-takeover device, as it affords the board the ability to place a block of stock with an investor sympathetic to management, thereby foiling a takeover bid without a shareholder vote. 

Nonetheless, we may support the proposal where the company:

 

•  

Appears to have a legitimate financing motive for requesting blank check authority

 

•  

Has committed publicly that blank check preferred shares will not be used for anti-takeover purposes

 

•  

Has a history of using blank check preferred stock for financings

 

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Has blank check preferred stock previously outstanding such that an increase would not necessarily provide further anti-takeover protection but may provide greater financing flexibility

Increase in authorized common shares

BIS will evaluate requests to increase authorized shares on a case-by-case basis, in conjunction with industry-specific norms and potential dilution, as well as a company’s history with respect to the use of its common shares.

Increase or issuance of preferred stock

We generally support proposals to increase or issue preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion, and other rights of such stock and where the terms of the preferred stock appear reasonable.

Stock splits

We generally support stock splits that are not likely to negatively affect the ability to trade shares or the economic value of a share. We generally support reverse stock splits that are designed to avoid delisting or to facilitate trading in the stock, where the reverse split will not have a negative impact on share value (e.g., one class is reduced while others remain at pre-split levels). In the event of a proposal for a reverse split that would not proportionately reduce the company’s authorized stock, we apply the same analysis we would use for a proposal to increase authorized stock.

Mergers, acquisitions, transactions, and other special situations

Mergers, acquisitions, and transactions

In assessing mergers, acquisitions, or other transactions – including business combinations involving Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”) – BIS’ primary consideration is the long-term economic interests of our clients as shareholders. Boards should clearly explain the economic and

 

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strategic rationale for any proposed transactions or material changes to the business. We will review a proposed transaction to determine the degree to which it has the potential to enhance long-term shareholder value. While mergers, acquisitions, asset sales, business combinations, and other special transaction proposals vary widely in scope and substance, we closely examine certain salient features in our analyses, such as:

 

•  

The degree to which the proposed transaction represents a premium to the company’s trading price. We consider the share price over multiple time periods prior to the date of the merger announcement. We may consider comparable transaction analyses provided by the parties’ financial advisors and our own valuation assessments. For companies facing insolvency or bankruptcy, a premium may not apply

 

•  

There should be clear strategic, operational, and/or financial rationale for the combination

 

•  

Unanimous board approval and arm’s-length negotiations are preferred. We will consider whether the transaction involves a dissenting board or does not appear to be the result of an arm’s-length bidding process. We may also consider whether executive and/or board members’ financial interests appear likely to affect their ability to place shareholders’ interests before their own, as well as measures taken to address conflicts of interest

 

•  

We prefer transaction proposals that include the fairness opinion of a reputable financial advisor assessing the value of the transaction to shareholders in comparison to recent similar transactions

Contested director elections and special situations

Contested elections and other special situations8 are assessed on a case-by-case basis. We evaluate a number of factors, which may include: the qualifications and past performance of the dissident and management candidates; the validity of the concerns identified by the dissident; the viability of both the dissident’s and management’s plans; the ownership stake and holding period of the dissident; the likelihood that the dissident’s strategy will produce the desired change; and whether the dissident represents the best option for enhancing long-term shareholder value.

We will evaluate the actions that the company has taken to limit shareholders’ ability to exercise the right to nominate dissident director candidates, including those actions taken absent the immediate threat of a contested situation. BIS may take voting action against directors (up to and including the full board) where those actions are viewed as egregiously infringing on shareholder rights.

We will consider a variety of possible voting outcomes in contested situations, including the ability to support a mix of management and dissident nominees.

Poison pill plans

Where a poison pill is put to a shareholder vote by management, our policy is to examine these plans individually. Although we have historically opposed most plans, we may support plans that include a reasonable “qualifying offer clause.” Such clauses typically require shareholder ratification of the pill and stipulate a sunset provision whereby the pill expires unless it is renewed. These clauses also tend to specify that an all-cash bid for all shares that includes a fairness opinion and evidence of financing does

 

 

8 Special situations are broadly defined as events that are non-routine and differ from the normal course of business for a company’s shareholder meeting, involving a solicitation other than by management with respect to the exercise of voting rights in a manner inconsistent with management’s recommendation. These may include instances where shareholders nominate director candidates, oppose the view of management and/or the board on mergers, acquisitions, or other transactions, etc.

 

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not trigger the pill, but forces either a special meeting at which the offer is put to a shareholder vote or requires the board to seek the written consent of shareholders, where shareholders could rescind the pill at their discretion. We may also support a pill where it is the only effective method for protecting tax or other economic benefits that may be associated with limiting the ownership changes of individual shareholders. Lastly, we look for shareholder approval of poison pill plans within one year of adoption of implementation.

Reimbursement of expense for successful shareholder campaigns

We generally do not support shareholder proposals seeking the reimbursement of proxy contest expenses, even in situations where we support the shareholder campaign. Introducing the possibility of such reimbursement may incentivize disruptive and unnecessary shareholder campaigns.

Executive compensation

A company’s board of directors should put in place a compensation structure that balances incentivizing, rewarding, and retaining executives appropriately across a wide range of business outcomes. This structure should be aligned with shareholder interests, particularly the generation of sustainable, long-term value.

The compensation committee should carefully consider the specific circumstances of the company and the key individuals the board is focused on incentivizing. We encourage companies to ensure that their compensation plans incorporate appropriate and rigorous performance metrics, consistent with corporate strategy and market practice. Performance-based compensation should include metrics that are relevant to the business and stated strategy and/or risk mitigation efforts. Goals, and the processes used to set these goals, should be clearly articulated and appropriately rigorous. We use third party research, in addition to our own analysis, to evaluate existing and proposed compensation structures. We hold members of the compensation committee, or equivalent board members, accountable for poor compensation practices and/or structures.

There should be a clear link between variable pay and company performance that drives sustained value creation for our clients as shareholders. Where compensation structures provide for a front-loaded9 award, we look for appropriate structures (including vesting and/or holding periods) that motivate sustained performance for shareholders over a number of years. We generally do not favor programs focused on awards that require performance levels to be met and maintained for a relatively short time period for payouts to be earned, unless there are extended vesting and/or holding requirements.

Compensation structures should generally drive outcomes that align the pay of the executives with performance of the company and the value received by shareholders. When evaluating performance, we examine both executive teams’ efforts, as well as outcomes realized by shareholders. Payouts to executives should reflect both the executive’s contributions to the company’s ongoing success, as well as exogenous factors that impacted shareholder value. Where discretion has been used by the compensation committee, we look for disclosures relating to how and why the discretion was used and how the adjusted outcome is aligned with the interests of shareholders. While we believe special awards10 should be used sparingly, we acknowledge that there may be instances when such awards are appropriate. When evaluating these awards, we consider a variety of factors, including the magnitude and

 

 

9 Front-loaded awards are generally those that accelerate the grant of multiple years’ worth of compensation in a single year.

10 “Special awards” refers to awards granted outside the company’s typical compensation program.

 

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structure of the award, the scope of award recipients, the alignment of the grant with shareholder value, and the company’s historical use of such awards, in addition to other company-specific circumstances.

We acknowledge that the use of peer group evaluation by compensation committees can help calibrate competitive pay; however, we are concerned when the rationale for increases in total compensation is solely based on peer benchmarking.

We support incentive plans that foster the sustainable achievement of results – both financial and non-financial – consistent with the company’s strategic initiatives. Compensation committees should guard against contractual arrangements that would entitle executives to material compensation for early termination of their contract. Finally, pension contributions and other deferred compensation arrangements should be reasonable in light of market practices. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to executive compensation. 

Where executive compensation appears excessive relative to the performance of the company and/or compensation paid by peers, or where an equity compensation plan is not aligned with shareholders’ interests, we may vote against members of the compensation committee.

“Say on Pay” advisory resolutions

In cases where there is a “Say on Pay” vote, BIS will respond to the proposal as informed by our evaluation of compensation practices at that particular company and in a manner that appropriately addresses the specific question posed to shareholders. Where we conclude that a company has failed to align pay with performance, we will generally vote against the management compensation proposal and relevant compensation committee members.

Frequency of “Say on Pay” advisory resolutions

BIS will generally support annual advisory votes on executive compensation. It is our view that shareholders should have the opportunity to express feedback on annual incentive programs and changes to long-term compensation before multiple cycles are issued. Where a company has failed to implement a “Say on Pay” advisory vote within the frequency period that received the most support from shareholders or a “Say on Pay” resolution is omitted without explanation, BIS may vote against members of the compensation committee.

Clawback proposals

We generally favor prompt recoupment from any senior executive whose compensation was based on faulty financial reporting or deceptive business practices. We appreciate when companies disclose recovery policies in compliance with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. We also favor recoupment from or the foregoing of the grant of any awards by any senior executive whose behavior caused material financial harm to shareholders, material reputational risk to the company, or resulted in a criminal investigation, even if such actions did not ultimately result in a material restatement of past results. This includes, but is not limited to, settlement agreements arising from such behavior and paid for directly by the company. We typically support shareholder proposals on these matters unless the company already has a robust clawback policy that sufficiently addresses our concerns.

Employee stock purchase plans

Employee stock purchase plans (“ESPP”) are an important part of a company’s overall human capital management strategy and can provide performance incentives to help align employees’ interests with

 

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those of shareholders. The most common form of ESPP qualifies for favorable tax treatment under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. We will typically support qualified ESPP proposals.

Equity compensation plans

BIS supports equity plans that align the economic interests of directors, managers, and other employees with those of shareholders. Boards should establish policies prohibiting the use of equity awards in a manner that could disrupt the intended alignment with shareholder interests, such as the excessive pledging or heading of stock. We may support shareholder proposals requesting the establishment of such policies.

Our evaluation of equity compensation plans is based on a company’s executive pay and performance relative to peers and whether the plan plays a significant role in a pay-for-performance disconnect. We generally oppose plans that contain “evergreen” provisions, which allow for automatic annual increases of shares available for grant without requiring further shareholder approval; we note that the aggregate impacts of such increases are difficult to predict and may lead to significant dilution. We also generally oppose plans that allow for repricing without shareholder approval. We may oppose plans that provide for the acceleration of vesting of equity awards even in situations where an actual change of control may not occur. We encourage companies to structure their change of control provisions to require the termination of the covered employee before acceleration or special payments are triggered (commonly referred to as “double trigger” change of control provisions). 

Golden parachutes

We generally view golden parachutes as encouragement to management to consider transactions that might be beneficial to shareholders. However, a large potential payout under a golden parachute arrangement also presents the risk of motivating a management team to support a sub-optimal sale price for a company.

When determining whether to support or oppose an advisory vote on a golden parachute plan, BIS may consider several factors, including:

 

•  

Whether we determine that the triggering event is in the best interests of shareholders

 

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Whether management attempted to maximize shareholder value in the triggering event

 

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The percentage of total premium or transaction value that will be transferred to the management team, rather than shareholders, as a result of the golden parachute payment

 

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Whether excessively large excise tax gross-up payments are part of the pay-out

 

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Whether the pay package that serves as the basis for calculating the golden parachute payment was reasonable in light of performance and peers

 

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Whether the golden parachute payment will have the effect of rewarding a management team that has failed to effectively manage the company

It may be difficult to anticipate the results of a plan until after it has been triggered; as a result, BIS may vote against a golden parachute proposal even if the golden parachute plan under review was approved by shareholders when it was implemented.

We may support shareholder proposals requesting that implementation of such arrangements require shareholder approval.

 

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Option exchanges

There may be legitimate instances where underwater options create an overhang on a company’s capital structure and a repricing or option exchange may be warranted. We will evaluate these instances on a case-by-case basis. BIS may support a request to reprice or exchange underwater options under the following circumstances:

 

•  

The company has experienced significant stock price decline as a result of macroeconomic trends, not individual company performance

 

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Directors and executive officers are excluded; the exchange is value neutral or value creative to shareholders; tax, accounting, and other technical considerations have been fully contemplated

 

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There is clear evidence that absent repricing, employee incentives, retention, and/or recruiting may be impacted

BIS may also support a request to exchange underwater options in other circumstances, if we determine that the exchange is in the best interests of shareholders.

Supplemental executive retirement plans

BIS may support shareholder proposals requesting to put extraordinary benefits contained in supplemental executive retirement plans (“SERP”) to a shareholder vote unless the company’s executive pension plans do not contain excessive benefits beyond what is offered under employee-wide plans.

Material sustainability-related risks and opportunities

It is our view that well-managed companies will effectively evaluate and manage material sustainability-related risks and opportunities relevant to their businesses. As with all risks and opportunities in a company’s business model, appropriate oversight of material sustainability considerations is a core component of having an effective governance framework, which supports durable, long-term financial value creation.

When assessing how to vote – including on the election of directors and relevant shareholder proposals – robust disclosures are essential for investors to understand, where appropriate, how companies are integrating material sustainability risks and opportunities across their business and strategic, long-term planning. Where a company has failed to appropriately provide the necessary disclosures and evidence of effective business practices to support our assessment, BIS may express concerns through our engagement and voting. As part of this consideration, we encourage companies to produce sustainability-related disclosures sufficiently in advance of their annual meeting so that the disclosures can be considered in relevant vote decisions.

Robust disclosure is essential for investors to effectively evaluate companies’ strategy and business practices related to material sustainability-related risks and opportunities. Long-term investors like our clients can benefit when companies demonstrate that they have a resilient business model through disclosures that cover governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics and targets, including industry-specific metrics. The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) standards, IFRS S1 and

 

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S2,11 provide companies with a useful guide to preparing this disclosure. The standards build on the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework and the standards and metrics developed by the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), which have converged under the ISSB. We recognize that companies may phase in reporting aligned with the ISSB standards over several years. We also recognize that some companies may report using different standards, which may be required by regulation, or one of a number of voluntary standards. In such cases, we ask that companies highlight the metrics that are industry-or company-specific.

Companies may also disclose any material supranational standards adopted, the industry initiatives in which they participate, any peer group benchmarking undertaken, and any assurance processes to help investors understand their approach to sustainable and responsible business conduct.

Climate risk

While companies in various sectors and geographies may be affected differently by climate-related risks and opportunities, the low-carbon transition is an investment factor that can be material for many companies and economies around the globe.

We seek to understand, from company disclosures and engagement, the strategies companies have in place to manage material risks to, and opportunities for, their long-term business model associated with a range of climate-related scenarios, including a scenario in which global warming is limited to well below 2°C, considering global ambitions to achieve a limit of 1.5°C. As one of many shareholders, and typically a minority one, BlackRock does not tell companies what to do. It is the role of the board and management to set and implement a company’s long-term strategy to deliver long-term financial returns. 

Our research shows that the low-carbon transition is a structural shift in the global economy that will be shaped by changes in government policies, technology, and consumer preferences, which may be material for many companies.12 Yet the path to a low-carbon economy is deeply uncertain and uneven, with different parts of the economy moving at different speeds. BIS recognizes that it can be challenging for companies to predict the impact of climate-related risk and opportunity on their businesses and operating environments. Many companies are assessing how to navigate the low-carbon transition while delivering long-term value to investors. In this context, we encourage companies to publicly disclose, consistent with their business model and sector, how they intend to deliver long-term financial performance through the transition to a low-carbon economy. Where available, we appreciate companies publishing their transition plan.13

Consistent with the ISSB standards, we are better able to assess preparedness for the low-carbon transition when companies disclose short-, medium- and long-term targets, ideally science-based where

 

 

11 The objective of IFRS S1 General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information is to require an entity to disclose information about its sustainability-related risks and opportunities that is useful to primary users of general-purpose financial reports in making decisions relating to providing resources to the entity. The objective of IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures is to require an entity to disclose information about its climate-related risks and opportunities that is useful to primary users of general-purpose financial reports in making decisions relating to providing resources to the entity.

12 BlackRock Investment Institute, “Tracking the low-carbon transition”, July 2023.

13 We have observed that more companies are developing such plans, and public policy makers in a number of markets are signaling their intentions to require them. We view transition plans (TPs) as a method for a company to both internally assess and externally communicate long-term strategy, ambition, objectives, and actions to create financial value through the global transition towards a low-carbon economy. While many initiatives across jurisdictions outline a framework for TPs, there is no consensus on the key elements these plans should contain. We view useful disclosure as that which communicates a company’s approach to managing financially material, business relevant risks and opportunities – including climate-related risks – to deliver long-term financial performance, thus enabling investors to make more informed decisions.

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Proxy voting guidelines for U.S. securities | 18

these are available for their sector, for scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reductions and to demonstrate how their targets are consistent with the long-term financial interests of their investors.

While we recognize that regulators in some markets are moving to mandate certain disclosures, at this stage, we view scope 3 emissions differently from scopes 1 and 2, given methodological complexity, regulatory uncertainty, concerns about double-counting, and lack of direct control by companies. We welcome disclosures and commitments companies choose to make regarding scope 3 emissions and recognize these are provided on a good-faith basis as methodology develops. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to climate-related risks and opportunities.

Natural capital

In addition to climate-related risks and opportunities, the management of nature-related factors is increasingly a component of some companies’ ability to generate durable, long-term financial returns for shareholders, particularly where a company’s strategy is heavily reliant on the availability of natural capital, or whose supply chains are exposed to locations with nature-related risks. We look for such companies to disclose how they manage any reliance and impact on, as well as use of, natural capital, including appropriate risk oversight and relevant metrics and targets, to understand how these factors are integrated into strategy. We will evaluate these disclosures to inform our view of how a company is managing material nature-related risks and opportunities, as well as in our assessment of relevant shareholder proposals. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to natural capital.14

Key stakeholder interests

In order to advance long-term shareholders’ interests, companies should consider the interests of the various parties on whom they depend for their success over time. It is for each company to determine their key stakeholders based on what is material to their business and long-term financial performance. For many companies, key stakeholders include employees, business partners (such as suppliers and distributors), clients and consumers, regulators, and the communities in which they operate.

As a long-term shareholder on behalf of our clients, we find it helpful when companies disclose how they have identified their key stakeholders and considered their interests in business decision-making. In addition to understanding broader stakeholder relationships, BIS finds it helpful when companies consider the needs of their workforce today, and the skills required for their future business strategy. We are also interested to understand the role of the board, which is well positioned to ensure that the approach taken is informed by and aligns with the company’s strategy and purpose.

Companies should articulate how they address material adverse impacts that could arise from their business practices and affect critical relationships with their stakeholders. We encourage companies to implement, to the extent appropriate, monitoring processes (often referred to as due diligence) to identify and mitigate potential adverse impacts and grievance mechanisms to remediate any actual adverse material impacts. In our view, maintaining trust within these relationships can contribute to a company’s long-term success.

 

 

14 Given the growing awareness of the materiality of these issues for certain businesses, enhanced reporting on a company’s natural capital dependencies and impacts would aid investors’ understanding. In our view, the final recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures may prove useful to some companies. We recognize that some companies may report using different standards, which may be required by regulation, or one of a number of other private sector standards.

 

BlackRock Investment Stewardship    Proxy voting guidelines for U.S. securities | 19

Human capital management

A company’s approach to human capital management (“HCM”) is a critical factor in fostering an inclusive, diverse, and engaged workforce, which contributes to business continuity, innovation, and long-term value creation. Consequently, we ask companies to demonstrate a robust approach to HCM and provide shareholders with clear and consistent disclosures to help investors understand how a company’s approach aligns with its stated strategy and business model.

Some components of HCM are consistent across most companies, such as the approach to diversity, equity, and inclusion (“DEI”). We ask companies to disclose their approach to DEI as well as workforce demographics, which are baselined by their responses to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’s EEO-1 Survey.

Other relevant HCM factors may be more nuanced to a company’s strategy and business model. Those more nuanced factors may include the company’s approach to workplace safety, compensation, benefits, talent development, and performance management. We ask companies to disclose and provide context on the most relevant HCM factors for their business. 

Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to HCM.

Corporate political activities

Companies may engage in certain political activities, within legal and regulatory limits, in order to support public policy matters material to their long-term strategies. These activities can also create risks, including: the potential for allegations of corruption; certain reputational risks; and risks that arise from the complex legal, regulatory, and compliance considerations associated with corporate political spending and lobbying activity. Companies that engage in political activities should develop and maintain robust processes, including board oversight, to guide these activities and mitigate risks.

We depend on companies to provide accessible and clear disclosures so that investors can easily understand how their political activities support their long-term strategy, including on stated public policy priorities. When presented with shareholder proposals requesting increased disclosure on corporate political activities, BIS will evaluate publicly available information to consider how a company’s lobbying and political activities may impact the company. We will also evaluate whether there is general consistency between a company’s stated positions on policy matters material to their strategy and the material positions taken by significant industry groups of which they are a member. We may decide to support a shareholder proposal requesting additional disclosures if we identify a material inconsistency or determine that further transparency may clarify how the company’s political activities support its long-term strategy. Our publicly available commentary provides more information on our approach to corporate political activities.

General corporate governance matters

IPO governance

Boards should disclose how the corporate governance structures adopted upon a company’s initial public offering (“IPO”) are in shareholders’ best long-term interests. We also ask boards to conduct a regular review of corporate governance and control structures, such that boards might evolve foundational corporate governance structures as company circumstances change, without undue costs and disruption

 

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to shareholders. In our letter on unequal voting structures, we articulate our view that “one vote for one share” is the preferred structure for publicly-traded companies. We also recognize the potential benefits of dual class shares to newly public companies as they establish themselves; however, these structures should have a specific and limited duration. We will generally engage newly listed companies on topics such as classified boards and supermajority vote provisions to amend bylaws, as we think that such arrangements may not be in the best interests of shareholders over the long-term. 

We may apply a one-year grace period for the application of certain director-related guidelines (including, but not limited to, responsibilities on other public company boards and board composition concerns), during which we ask boards to take steps to bring corporate governance standards in line with market norms.

Further, if a company qualifies as an emerging growth company (an “EGC”) under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), we will give consideration to the NYSE and NASDAQ governance exemptions granted under the JOBS Act for the duration such a company is categorized as an EGC. An EGC should have an independent audit committee by the first anniversary of its IPO, with our standard approach to voting on auditors and audit-related issues applicable in full for an EGC on the first anniversary of its IPO.

Corporate form

Proposals to change a corporation’s form, including those to convert to a public benefit corporation (“PBC”) structure, should clearly articulate the stakeholder groups the company seeks to benefit and provide detail on how the interests of shareholders would be augmented or adversely affected with the change to a PBC. These disclosures should also include the accountability and voting mechanisms that would be available to shareholders. We generally support management proposals to convert to a PBC if our analysis indicates that shareholders’ interests are adequately protected. Corporate form shareholder proposals are evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Shareholder Proposals

When assessing shareholder proposals, BIS evaluates each proposal on its merit, with a singular focus on its implications for long-term financial value creation by that company. We would not support proposals that we believe would result in over-reaching into the basic business decisions of the company. In addition, we believe it helpful for companies to disclose the names of the proponent or organization that has submitted or advised on the proposal. We consider the business and economic relevance of the issue raised, as well as its materiality and the urgency with which our experience indicates it should be addressed.

Where a proposal is focused on a material business risk that we agree needs to be addressed and the intended outcome is consistent with long-term financial value creation, we will look to the board and management to demonstrate that the company has met the intent of the request made in the shareholder proposal. Where our analysis and/or engagement indicate an opportunity for improvement in the company’s approach to the issue, we may support shareholder proposals that are reasonable and not unduly prescriptive or constraining on management.

We recognize that some shareholder proposals bundle topics and/or specific requests and include supporting statements that explain the reasoning or objectives of the proponent. In voting on behalf of clients, we do not submit or edit proposals or the supporting statements – we must vote yes or no on the proposal as phrased by the proponent. Therefore, when we vote in support of a proposal, we are not necessarily endorsing every element of the proposal or the reasoning, objectives, or supporting statement

 

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of the proponent. We may support a proposal for different reasons from those put forth by the proponent, when we believe that, overall, it can advance our clients’ long-term financial interests. We would normally explain to the company our rationale for supporting such proposals.

Alternatively, or in addition, we may vote against the election of one or more directors if, in our assessment, the board has not responded sufficiently or with an appropriate sense of urgency. We may also support a proposal if management is on track, but we believe that voting in favor might accelerate efforts to address a material risk.

Exclusive forum provisions

BIS generally supports proposals to seek exclusive forum for certain shareholder litigation. In cases where a board unilaterally adopts exclusive forum provisions that we consider unfavorable to the interests of shareholders, we will vote against the Independent Chair or Lead Independent director and members of the nominating/governance committee.

Reincorporation

We will evaluate the economic and strategic rationale behind the company’s proposal to reincorporate on a case-by-case basis. In all instances, we will evaluate the changes to shareholder protections under the new charter/articles/bylaws to assess whether the move increases or decreases shareholder protections. Where we find that shareholder protections are diminished, we may support reincorporation if we determine that the overall benefits outweigh the diminished rights.

Multi-jurisdictional companies

Where a company is listed on multiple exchanges or incorporated in a country different from their primary listing, we will seek to apply the most relevant market guideline(s) to our analysis of the company’s governance structure and specific proposals on the shareholder meeting agenda. In doing so, we typically consider the governance standards of the company’s primary listing, the market standards by which the company governs themselves, and the market context of each specific proposal on the agenda. If the relevant standards are silent on the issue under consideration, we will use our professional judgment as to what voting outcome would best protect the long-term economic interests of investors. Companies should disclose the rationale for their selection of primary listing, country of incorporation, and choice of governance structures, particularly where there is conflict between relevant market governance practices.

Adjourn meeting to solicit additional votes

We generally support such proposals unless the agenda contains items that we judge to be detrimental to shareholders’ best long-term economic interests.

Bundled proposals

Shareholders should have the opportunity to review substantial governance changes individually without having to accept bundled proposals. Where several measures are grouped into one proposal, BIS may reject certain positive changes when linked with proposals that generally contradict or impede the rights and economic interests of shareholders.

Other business

We oppose voting on matters where we are not given the opportunity to review and understand those measures and carry out an appropriate level of shareholder oversight.

 

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Shareholder protections

Amendment to charter/articles/bylaws

Shareholders should have the right to vote on key corporate governance matters, including changes to governance mechanisms and amendments to the charter/articles/bylaws. We may vote against certain directors where changes to governing documents are not put to a shareholder vote within a reasonable period of time, particularly if those changes have the potential to impact shareholder rights (see “Director elections”). In cases where a board’s unilateral adoption of changes to the charter/articles/bylaws promotes cost and operational efficiency benefits for the company and its shareholders, we may support such action if it does not have a negative effect on shareholder rights or the company’s corporate governance structure.

When voting on a management or shareholder proposal to make changes to the charter/articles/bylaws, we will consider in part the company’s and/or proponent’s publicly stated rationale for the changes; the company’s governance profile and history; relevant jurisdictional laws; and situational or contextual circumstances which may have motivated the proposed changes, among other factors. We will typically support amendments to the charter/articles/bylaws where the benefits to shareholders outweigh the costs of failing to make such changes.

Proxy access

It is our view that long-term shareholders should have the opportunity, when necessary and under reasonable conditions, to nominate directors on the company’s proxy card.15

Securing the right of shareholders to nominate directors without engaging in a control contest can enhance shareholders’ ability to meaningfully participate in the director election process, encourage board attention to shareholder interests, and provide shareholders an effective means of directing that attention where it is lacking. Proxy access mechanisms should provide shareholders with a reasonable opportunity to use this right without stipulating overly restrictive or onerous parameters for use, and also provide assurances that the mechanism will not be subject to abuse by short-term investors, investors without a substantial investment in the company, or investors seeking to take control of the board. 

In general, we support market-standardized proxy access proposals, which allow a shareholder (or group of up to 20 shareholders) holding three percent of a company’s outstanding shares for at least three years the right to nominate the greater of up to two directors or 20% of the board. Where a standardized proxy access provision exists, we will generally oppose shareholder proposals requesting outlier thresholds.

Right to act by written consent

In exceptional circumstances and with sufficiently broad support, shareholders should have the opportunity to raise issues of substantial importance without having to wait for management to schedule a meeting. Accordingly, shareholders should have the right to solicit votes by written consent provided that: 1) there are reasonable requirements to initiate the consent solicitation process (in order to avoid the waste of corporate resources in addressing narrowly supported interests); and 2) shareholders receive a minimum of 50% of outstanding shares to effectuate the action by written consent.

 

 

15 BlackRock is subject to certain regulations and laws in the United States that place restrictions and limitations on how BlackRock can interact with the companies in which we invest on behalf of our clients, including our ability to submit shareholder proposals or elect directors to the board.

 

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We may oppose shareholder proposals requesting the right to act by written consent in cases where the proposal is structured for the benefit of a dominant shareholder to the exclusion of others, or if the proposal is written to discourage the board from incorporating appropriate mechanisms to avoid the waste of corporate resources when establishing a right to act by written consent. Additionally, we may oppose shareholder proposals requesting the right to act by written consent if the company already provides a shareholder right to call a special meeting that offers shareholders a reasonable opportunity to raise issues of substantial importance without having to wait for management to schedule a meeting.

Right to call a special meeting

In exceptional circumstances and with sufficiently broad support, shareholders should have the opportunity to raise issues of substantial importance without having to wait for management to schedule a meeting. Accordingly, shareholders should have the right to call a special meeting in cases where a reasonably high proportion of shareholders (typically a minimum of 15% but no higher than 25%) are required to agree to such a meeting before it is called. However, we may oppose this right in cases where the proposal is structured for the benefit of a dominant shareholder, or where a lower threshold may lead to an ineffective use of corporate resources. We generally think that a right to act via written consent is not a sufficient alternative to the right to call a special meeting.

Consent solicitation

While BlackRock is supportive of the shareholder rights to act by written consent and call a special meeting, BlackRock is subject to certain regulations and laws that place restrictions and limitations on how BlackRock can interact with the companies in which we invest on behalf of our clients, including our ability to participate in consent solicitations. As a result, BlackRock will generally not participate in consent solicitations or related processes. However, once an item comes to a shareholder vote, we uphold our fiduciary duty to vote in the best long-term interests of our clients, where we are authorized to do so.

Simple majority voting

We generally favor a simple majority voting requirement to pass proposals. Therefore, we will generally support the reduction or the elimination of supermajority voting requirements to the extent that we determine shareholders’ ability to protect their economic interests is improved. Nonetheless, in situations where there is a substantial or dominant shareholder, supermajority voting may be protective of minority shareholder interests, and we may support supermajority voting requirements in those situations.

Virtual meetings

Shareholders should have the opportunity to participate in the annual and special meetings for the companies in which they are invested, as these meetings are an opportunity for shareholders to provide feedback and hear from the board and management. While these meetings have traditionally been conducted in-person, virtual meetings are an increasingly viable way for companies to utilize technology to facilitate shareholder accessibility, inclusiveness, and cost efficiencies. Shareholders should have a meaningful opportunity to participate in the meeting and interact with the board and management in these virtual settings; companies should facilitate open dialogue and allow shareholders to voice concerns and provide feedback without undue censorship. Relevant shareholder proposals are assessed on a case-by-case basis.

 

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Want to know more?

blackrock.com/stewardship | contactstewardship@blackrock.com

This document is provided for information and educational purposes only. Investing involves risk, including the loss of principal.

Prepared by BlackRock, Inc.

©2024 BlackRock, Inc. All rights reserved. BLACKROCK is a trademark of BlackRock, Inc., or its subsidiaries in the United States and elsewhere. All other trademarks are those of their respective owners.

 

LOGO

v3.24.0.1
N-2 - USD ($)
 3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Cover [Abstract]                  
Entity Central Index Key                 0001493683
Amendment Flag                 false
Document Type                 N-CSR
Entity Registrant Name                 BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust
Fee Table [Abstract]                  
Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block]                
   
     BBN  
Shareholder Transaction Expenses
  
Maximum sales load (as a percentage of offering price)(a)
     1.00 % 
Offering expenses borne by the Trust (as a percentage of offering price)(a)
     0.02 % 
Dividend reinvestment plan fees
    


 $0.02 per share
for open market
purchases of
common shares		  
 
 
(b) 
Dividend reinvestment plan sale transaction fee
     $2.50 (b) 
  (a) 
If the common shares are sold to or through underwriters, the Prospectus Supplement will set forth any applicable sales load and the estimated offering expenses. Trust shareholders will pay all offering expenses involved with an offering.
  
  (b) 
Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Reinvestment Plan Agent”) fees for the handling of the reinvestment of dividends will be paid by BBN. However, shareholders will pay a $0.02 per share fee incurred in connection with open-market purchases, which will be deducted from the value of the dividend. Shareholders will also be charged a $2.50 sales fee and pay a $0.15 per share fee if a shareholder directs the Reinvestment Plan Agent to sell the common shares held in a dividend reinvestment account. Per share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Reinvestment Plan Agent is required to pay.
  
Sales Load [Percent] [1]                 1.00%
Dividend Reinvestment and Cash Purchase Fees [2]                 $ 2.50
Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract]                  
Other Transaction Expenses [Percent] [1]                 0.02%
Annual Expenses [Table Text Block]                
Estimated Annual Expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to common shares)
  
Investment advisory fees(c)(d)
     0.82 % 
Other expenses
     2.68  
Miscellaneous
     0.05  
Interest expense(e)
     2.63  
Total annual expenses
     3.50  
Fee waivers(d)
     —  
Total annual Trust operating expenses after fee waivers(d)
     3.50  
  (c) 
BBN currently pays the Manager a monthly fee at an annual contractual investment advisory fee rate of 0.55% of its average daily managed assets. For purposes of calculating this fee, “managed assets” means the total assets of BBN (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) less the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes).
  
  (d) 
BBN and the Manager have entered into a fee waiver agreement (the “Fee Waiver Agreement”), pursuant to which the Manager has contractually agreed to waive the investment advisory fees with respect to any portion of BBN’s assets attributable to investments in any equity and fixed-income mutual funds and ETFs managed by the Manager or its affiliates that have a contractual fee, through June 30, 2025. In addition, pursuant to the Fee Waiver Agreement, the Manager has contractually agreed to waive its investment advisory fees by the amount of investment advisory fees BBN pays to the Manager indirectly through its investment in money market funds managed by the Manager or its affiliates, through June 30, 2025. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, only by BBN (upon the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), of BBN (the “Independent Trustees”)) or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of BBN), upon 90 days’ written notice by BBN to the Manager.
  
  (e) 
Assumes the use of uses leverage in the form of reverse repurchase agreements representing 31.0% of Managed Assets at an annual interest expense to BBN of 5.39%, which is based on current market conditions. The actual amount of interest expense borne by BBN will vary over time in accordance with the level of BBN’s use of reverse repurchase agreements and variations in market interest rates. Interest expense is required to be treated as an expense of BBN for accounting purposes.
  
Management Fees [Percent] [3],[4]                 0.82%
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]                  
Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent]                 0.05%
Other Annual Expense 2 [Percent] [5]                 2.63%
Other Annual Expenses [Percent]                 2.68%
Total Annual Expenses [Percent]                 3.50%
Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] [3]                
Net Expense over Assets [Percent] [3]                 3.50%
Expense Example [Table Text Block]                
The following example illustrates BBN’s expenses (including the sales load of $10.00 and offering costs of $0.19) that shareholders would pay on a $1,000 investment in common shares, assuming (i) total net annual expenses of 3.50% of net assets attributable to common shares and (ii) a 5% annual return:
     1 Year      3 Years      5 Years      10 Years               
Total expenses incurred
   $ 45      $ 116      $ 190      $ 384                   
Expense Example, Year 01                 $ 45
Expense Example, Years 1 to 3                 116
Expense Example, Years 1 to 5                 190
Expense Example, Years 1 to 10                 $ 384
Purpose of Fee Table , Note [Text Block]                
The following table and example are intended to assist shareholders in understanding the various costs and expenses directly or indirectly associated with investing in BBN’s common shares.
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block]                 as a percentage of offering price
Other Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block]                 Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Reinvestment Plan Agent”) fees for the handling of the reinvestment of dividends will be paid by BBN. However, shareholders will pay a $0.02 per share fee incurred in connection with open-market purchases, which will be deducted from the value of the dividend. Shareholders will also be charged a $2.50 sales fee and pay a $0.15 per share fee if a shareholder directs the Reinvestment Plan Agent to sell the common shares held in a dividend reinvestment account. Per share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Reinvestment Plan Agent is required to pay.
Other Expenses, Note [Text Block]                 The example should not be considered a representation of future expenses. The example assumes that the estimated “Other expenses” set forth in the Estimated Annual Expenses table are accurate and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at NAV. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. BBN’s actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example.
Management Fee not based on Net Assets, Note [Text Block]                 BBN and the Manager have entered into a fee waiver agreement (the “Fee Waiver Agreement”), pursuant to which the Manager has contractually agreed to waive the investment advisory fees with respect to any portion of BBN’s assets attributable to investments in any equity and fixed-income mutual funds and ETFs managed by the Manager or its affiliates that have a contractual fee, through June 30, 2025. In addition, pursuant to the Fee Waiver Agreement, the Manager has contractually agreed to waive its investment advisory fees by the amount of investment advisory fees BBN pays to the Manager indirectly through its investment in money market funds managed by the Manager or its affiliates, through June 30, 2025. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, only by BBN (upon the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), of BBN (the “Independent Trustees”)) or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of BBN), upon 90 days’ written notice by BBN to the Manager.
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block]                
Investment Objectives and Policies
The Trust’s primary investment objective is to seek high current income, with a secondary objective of capital appreciation. There can be no assurance that the Trust will achieve its investment objectives. The Trust’s investment objectives are not fundamental and may be changed by its Board of Trustees (the “Board”).
The Trust seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in a portfolio of taxable municipal securities, including Build America Bonds (“BABs”), issued by state and local governments to finance capital projects such as public schools, roads, transportation infrastructure, bridges, ports and public buildings. BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Manager”) will use its in-depth expertise in the municipal securities market to assemble the Trust’s portfolio. As market conditions permit and based upon the Manager’s assessment of the interest rate environment, the Trust may opportunistically hedge its duration in an attempt to protect against the risk of rising interest rates, although no assurance can be given that this strategy will be successful. Duration, in comparison to maturity (which is the date on which the issuer of a debt instrument is obligated to repay the principal amount), is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result in changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instrument’s expected principal and interest payments. Duration differs from maturity in that it takes into account a security’s yield, coupon payments and its principal payments in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration.
The Trust may invest in taxable municipal securities and tax-exempt municipal securities, including municipal bonds and notes, certificates of participation, other securities issued to finance and refinance public projects, and other related securities and derivative instruments creating exposure to municipal bonds, notes and securities. Under normal market conditions, the Trust will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in taxable municipal securities, which include BABs. This investment policy may be changed by the Board upon 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders. The Trust may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in securities other than taxable municipal securities. Such other securities include tax-exempt securities, U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities and corporate bonds issued by issuers that have, in the Manager’s view, typically been associated with or sold in the municipal market. “Managed Assets” means the total assets of the Trust (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Trust’s accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes). For the avoidance of doubt, assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes includes the portion of the Trust’s assets in an issuer of tender option bonds of which the Trust owns the TOB Residual (as defined below).
Under normal market conditions, the Trust will invest at least 80% of its Managed Assets in securities that at the time of investment are investment grade quality. Investment grade quality securities are securities rated within the four highest grades (“Baa” or “BBB” or better) by Moody’s Investor Service Inc. (“Moody’s”), S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”) or securities that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Manager. The Trust may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade quality by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch or that are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by the Manager. Certain of the Trust’s investments may be illiquid.
BABs are taxable municipal securities issued by state and local governments. Municipal securities include, among other things, bonds, notes, leases and certificates of participation. Municipal securities may be structured as callable or non-callable, may have payment forms that include fixed-coupon, variable rate and zero coupon, and may include capital appreciation bonds, floating rate securities, inverse floating rate securities (including TOB Residuals), inflation-linked securities and other derivative instruments that replicate investment exposure to such securities. BABs, as municipal securities, may be structured in any of the foregoing ways and new versions of BABs may be offered in the future. The Trust may invest in any of these BABs or municipal securities, and may acquire them through investments in pooled vehicles, partnerships or other investment companies. The Trust may also purchase BABs and other municipal securities representing a wide range of sectors and purposes.
The Trust may purchase municipal securities that are additionally secured by insurance, bank credit agreements or escrow accounts. The credit quality of companies which provide these credit enhancements will affect the value of those securities. Although the insurance feature reduces certain financial risks, the premiums for insurance and the higher market price paid for insured obligations may reduce the Trust’s income. Insurance generally will be obtained from insurers with a claims-paying ability rated Baa or BBB or better by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch. The insurance feature does not guarantee the market value of the insured obligations or the net asset value of the common shares. The Trust may purchase insured securities and may purchase insurance for bonds in its portfolio.
The credit quality policies noted above apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Trust is not required to dispose of a security in the event that a rating agency downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issue. In determining whether to retain or sell such a security, the Manager may consider such factors as its assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of such security, the price at which such security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to such security by other rating agencies.
The Trust may implement various temporary “defensive” strategies at times when the Manager determines that conditions in the markets or the termination of the Trust makes pursuing the Trust’s basic investment strategy inconsistent with the best interests of its shareholders. These strategies may include investing all or a portion of the Trust’s assets in U.S. Government obligations and high-quality, short-term debt securities that may be either tax-exempt or taxable.
The Trust originally sought to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in a portfolio of BABs, which are taxable municipal securities issued pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “ARRA”). Under the terms of the ARRA, issuers of direct pay BABs are eligible to receive a subsidy from the U.S. Treasury of up to 35% of the interest paid on the bonds. Given the uncertainty around the BABs program at the time of the Trust’s launch in 2010, the Trust’s initial public offering prospectus included a Contingent Review Provision. For any 24-month period, if there were no new issuances of BABs or other analogous taxable municipal securities, the Board would undertake an evaluation of potential actions with respect to the Trust (the “Contingent Review Provision”). Under the Contingent Review Provision, such
potential action included changes to the Trust’s non-fundamental investment policies to broaden its primary investment focus to include taxable municipal securities generally. The BABs program expired on December 31, 2010 and was not renewed. Accordingly, there have been no new issuances of BABs since that date. Pursuant to the Contingent Review Provision, on June 12, 2015, the Board approved a proposal to amend the Trust’s 80% investment policy to include all taxable municipal securities, including BABs, and to change the name of the Trust, which changes became effective on August 25, 2015.
Leverage: The Trust may utilize leverage to seek to enhance the yield and net asset value of its common shares. However, this objective cannot be achieved in all interest rate environments. The Trust may leverage its assets through the use of residual interest municipal tender option bonds (“TOB Residuals”), which are derivative interests in municipal bonds. The Trust may use combined leverage of up to 100% of its net assets (50% of its Managed Assets), all or a portion of which may be effected through the use of TOB Residuals.
The Trust may enter into derivative securities transactions that have leverage embedded in them.
The Trust may utilize reverse repurchase agreements.
The Trust may borrow through a credit facility.
The Trust may also borrow money as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including the payment of dividends and the settlement of securities transactions which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of Trust securities.
Risk Factors [Table Text Block]                
9. PRINCIPAL RISKS
In the normal course of business, the Trust invests in securities or other instruments and may enter into certain transactions, and such activities subject the Trust to various risks, including among others, fluctuations in the market (market risk) or failure of an issuer to meet all of its obligations. The value of securities or other instruments may also be affected by various factors, including, without limitation: (i) the general economy; (ii) the overall market as well as local, regional or global political and/or social instability; (iii) regulation, taxation or international tax treaties between various countries; or (iv) currency, interest rate and price fluctuations. Local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, recessions, or other events could have a significant impact on the Trust and its investments.
The Trust may hold a significant amount of bonds subject to calls by the issuers at defined dates and prices. When bonds are called by issuers and the Trust reinvests the proceeds received, such investments may be in securities with lower yields than the bonds originally held, and correspondingly, could adversely impact the yield and total return performance of the Trust.
The Build America Bonds (“BABs”) market is smaller, less diverse and less liquid than other types of municipal securities. Since the BABs program expired on December 31, 2010 and was not extended, BABs may be less actively traded, which may negatively affect the value of BABs held by the Trust.
The Trust may invest in BABs. Issuers of direct pay BABs held in the Trust’s portfolio receive a subsidy from the U.S. Treasury with respect to interest payment on bonds. There is no assurance that an issuer will comply with the requirements to receive such subsidy or that such subsidy will not be reduced or terminated altogether in the future. As of period end, the subsidy that issuers of direct payment BABs receive from the U.S. Treasury has been reduced as the result of budgetary sequestration, which has resulted, and which may continue to result, in early redemptions of BABs at par value. The early redemption of BABs at par value may result in a potential loss in value for investors of such BABs, including the Trust, who may have purchased the securities at prices above par, and may require the Trust to reinvest redemption proceeds in lower-yielding securities which could reduce the Trust’s income and distributions. Moreover, the elimination or reduction in subsidy from the federal government may adversely affect an issuer’s ability to repay or refinance BABs and the BABs’ credit ratings, which, in turn, may adversely affect the value of the BABs held by the Trust and the Trust’s NAV.
Illiquidity Risk: The Trust may invest without limitation in illiquid or less liquid investments or investments in which no secondary market is readily available or which are otherwise illiquid, including private placement securities. The Trust may not be able to readily dispose of such investments at prices that approximate those at which the Trust could sell such investments if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Trust may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise funds to meet its obligations. Limited liquidity can also affect the market price of investments, thereby adversely affecting the Trust’s NAV and ability to make dividend distributions. Privately issued debt securities are often of below investment grade quality, frequently are unrated and present many of the same risks as investing in below investment grade public debt securities.
Market Risk: The Trust may be exposed to prepayment risk, which is the risk that borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled during periods of declining interest rates, which would force the Trust to reinvest in lower yielding securities. The Trust may also be exposed to reinvestment risk, which is the risk that income from the Trust’s portfolio will decline if the Trust invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called fixed-income securities at market interest rates that are below the Trust portfolio’s current earnings rate.
Municipal securities are subject to the risk that litigation, legislation or other political events, local business or economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, or the bankruptcy of the issuer could have a significant effect on an issuer’s ability to make payments of principal and/or interest or otherwise affect the value of such securities. Municipal securities can be significantly affected by political or economic changes, including changes made in the law after issuance of the securities, as well as uncertainties in the municipal market related to, taxation, legislative changes or the rights of municipal security holders, including in connection with an issuer insolvency. Municipal securities backed by current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets can be negatively affected by the discontinuance of the tax benefits supporting the project or assets or the inability to collect revenues for the project or from the assets. Municipal securities may be less liquid than taxable bonds, and there may be less publicly available information on the financial condition of municipal security issuers than for issuers of other securities.
Counterparty Credit Risk: The Trust may be exposed to counterparty credit risk, or the risk that an entity may fail to or be unable to perform on its commitments related to unsettled or open transactions, including making timely interest and/or principal payments or otherwise honoring its obligations. The Trust manages counterparty credit risk by entering into transactions only with counterparties that the Manager believes have the financial resources to honor their obligations and by monitoring the financial stability of those counterparties. Financial assets, which potentially expose the Trust to market, issuer and counterparty credit risks, consist principally of financial instruments and receivables due from counterparties. The extent of the Trust’s exposure to market, issuer and counterparty credit risks with respect to these financial assets is approximately their value recorded in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities, less any collateral held by the Trust.
A derivative contract may suffer a mark-to-market loss if the value of the contract decreases due to an unfavorable change in the market rates or values of the underlying instrument. Losses can also occur if the counterparty does not perform under the contract.
With exchange-traded futures, there is less counterparty credit risk to the Trust since the exchange or clearinghouse, as counterparty to such instruments, guarantees against a possible default. The clearinghouse stands between the buyer and the seller of the contract; therefore, credit risk is limited to failure of the clearinghouse. While offset rights may exist under applicable law, the Trust does not have a contractual right of offset against a clearing broker or clearinghouse in the event of a default (including the bankruptcy or insolvency). Additionally, credit risk exists in exchange-traded futures with respect to initial and variation margin that is held in a clearing broker’s customer accounts. While clearing brokers are required to segregate customer margin from their own assets, in the event that a clearing broker becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy and at that time there is a shortfall in the aggregate amount of margin held by the clearing broker for all its clients, typically the shortfall would be allocated on a pro rata basis across all the clearing broker’s customers, potentially resulting in losses to the Trust.
Geographic/Asset Class Risk: A diversified portfolio, where this is appropriate and consistent with a fund’s objectives, minimizes the risk that a price change of a particular investment will have a material impact on the NAV of a fund. The investment concentrations within the Trust’s portfolio are disclosed in its Schedule of Investments.
The Trust invests a substantial amount of its assets in issuers located in a single state or limited number of states. When a fund concentrates its investments in this manner, it assumes the risk that economic, regulatory, political or social conditions affecting that state or group of states could have a significant impact on the fund and could affect the income from, or the value or liquidity of, the fund’s portfolio. Investment percentages in specific states or U.S. territories are presented in the Schedule of Investments.
The Trust invests a significant portion of its assets in fixed-income securities and/or uses derivatives tied to the fixed-income markets. Changes in market interest rates or economic conditions may affect the value and/or liquidity of such investments. Interest rate risk is the risk that prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities will decrease as interest rates rise and increase as interest rates fall. The Trust may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the period of historically low interest rates that ended in March 2022. The Federal Reserve has recently been raising the federal funds rate as part of its efforts to address inflation. There is a risk that interest rates will continue to rise, which will likely drive down the prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities, and could negatively impact the Trust’s performance.
The Trust invests a significant portion of its assets in securities of issuers located in the United States. A decrease in imports or exports, changes in trade regulations, inflation and/or an economic recession in the United States may have a material adverse effect on the U.S. economy and the securities listed on U.S. exchanges. Proposed and adopted policy and legislative changes in the United States may also have a significant effect on U.S. markets generally, as well as on the value of certain securities. Governmental agencies project that the United States will continue to maintain elevated public debt levels for the foreseeable future which may constrain future economic growth. Circumstances could arise that could prevent the timely payment of interest or principal on U.S. government debt, such as reaching the legislative “debt ceiling.” Such non-payment would result in substantial negative consequences for the U.S. economy and the global financial system. If U.S. relations with certain countries deteriorate, it could adversely affect issuers that rely on the United States for trade. The United States has also experienced increased internal unrest and discord. If these trends were to continue, they may have an adverse impact on the U.S. economy and the issuers in which the Trust invests.
Risk Factors
This section contains a discussion of the general risks of investing in the Trust. The net asset value and market price of, and dividends paid on, the common shares will fluctuate with and be affected by, among other things, the risks more fully described below. As with any fund, there can be no guarantee that the Trust will meet its investment objective or that the Trust’s performance will be positive for any period of time. The order of the below risk factors does not indicate significance of any particular risk factor.
Investment and Market Discount Risk: An investment in the Trust’s common shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire amount that you invest. As with any stock, the price of the Trust’s common shares will fluctuate with market conditions and other factors. If shares are sold, the price received may be more or less than the original investment. Common shares are designed for long-term investors and the Trust should not be treated as a trading vehicle. Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. This risk is separate and distinct from the risk that the Trust’s net asset value could decrease as a result of its investment activities. At any point in time an investment in the Trust’s common shares may be worth less than the original amount invested, even after taking into account distributions paid by the Trust. During periods in which the Trust may use leverage, the Trust’s investment, market discount and certain other risks will be magnified.
Debt Securities Risk: Debt securities, such as bonds, involve interest rate risk, such as credit risk, interest rate risk, extension risk, and prepayment risk, each of which are described in further detail below:
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Credit Risk – Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make payments of interest and principal when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Trust’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on both the financial condition of the issuer and the terms of the obligation.
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Interest Rate Risk – The market value of bonds and other fixed-income securities changes in response to interest rate changes and other factors. Interest rate risk is the risk that prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise.
The Trust may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the recent period of historically low interest rates. For example, if interest rates increase by 1%, assuming a current portfolio duration of ten years, and all other factors being equal, the value of the Trust’s investments would be expected to decrease by 10%. (Duration is a measure of the price sensitivity of a debt security or portfolio of debt securities to relative changes in interest rates.) The magnitude of these fluctuations in the market price of bonds and other fixed-income securities is generally greater for those securities with longer maturities. Fluctuations in the market price of the Trust’s investments will not affect interest income derived from instruments already owned by the Trust, but will be reflected in the Trust’s net asset value. The Trust may lose money if short-term or long-term interest rates rise sharply in a manner not anticipated by Trust management.
To the extent the Trust invests in debt securities that may be prepaid at the option of the obligor (such as mortgage-backed securities), the sensitivity of such securities to changes in interest rates may increase (to the detriment of the Trust) when interest rates rise. Moreover, because rates on certain floating rate debt securities typically reset only periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates (and particularly sudden and significant changes) can be expected to cause some fluctuations in the net asset value of the Trust to the extent that it invests in floating rate debt securities.
These basic principles of bond prices also apply to U.S. Government securities. A security backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government is guaranteed only as to its stated interest rate and face value at maturity, not its current market price. Just like other fixed-income securities, government-guaranteed securities will fluctuate in value when interest rates change.
A general rise in interest rates has the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities. Heavy redemptions could cause the Trust to sell assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value and could hurt the Trust’s performance.
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Extension Risk – When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall.
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Prepayment Risk – When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Trust may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields.
Build America Bonds Risk: BABs involve similar risks as municipal bonds, including credit and market risk. In particular, should a BABs issuer fail to continue to meet the applicable requirements imposed on the bonds as provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, it is possible that such issuer may not receive federal cash subsidy payments, impairing the issuer’s ability to make scheduled interest payments. The BAB program expired on December 31, 2010 and no further issuance is permitted unless Congress renews the program. As a result, the number of available BABs is limited, which may negatively affect the value of the BABs. While an active trading market for BABs has generally existed since the expiration of the BAB program, there can be no assurance that BABs will remain actively traded. It is difficult to predict the extent to which a market for such bonds will continue, meaning that BABs may experience greater illiquidity than other municipal obligations. The BABs outstanding as of December 31, 2010 will continue to be eligible for the federal interest rate subsidy, which continues for the life of the BABs; however, no bonds issued following expiration of the BAB program will be eligible for the U.S. federal tax subsidy. Pursuant to certain federal budget legislation adopted in August 2011, starting as of March 1, 2013, the government’s BAB subsidy payments were reduced as part of a government-wide “sequestration” of many program expenditures. Such cuts may end earlier if rescinded by Congress. Due to continuing uncertainty related to Congressional budget deficit reduction, there is a possibility that federal funds allocated to subsidize issuers of BABs for a portion of the interest paid by such issuers could be further reduced or eliminated in the future. To the extent the federal subsidy is reduced or eliminated, there is a risk that issuers of BABs could redeem bonds prior to their stated maturities based on the redemption language applicable to specific issues of BABs. Once such redemption provisions permit redemption of BABs because the subsidy is reduced or eliminated, issuers may be able to redeem BABs even after any reduction in the subsidy has ended. The Fund cannot predict future reductions in the federal subsidy for BABs.
Municipal Securities Risks: Municipal securities risks include the ability of the issuer to repay the obligation, the relative lack of information about certain issuers of municipal securities, and the possibility of future legislative changes which could affect the market for and value of municipal securities. Budgetary constraints of local, state, and federal governments upon which the issuers may be relying for funding may also impact municipal securities. These risks include:
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General Obligation Bonds Risks – Timely payments depend on the issuer’s credit quality, ability to raise tax revenues and ability to maintain an adequate tax base.
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Revenue Bonds Risks – These payments depend on the money earned by the particular facility or class of facilities, or the amount of revenues derived from another source.
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Private Activity Bonds Risks – Municipalities and other public authorities issue private activity bonds to finance development of industrial facilities for use by a private enterprise. The private enterprise pays the principal and interest on the bond, and the issuer does not pledge its full faith, credit and taxing power for repayment. The Trust’s investments may consist of private activity bonds that may subject certain shareholders to an alternative minimum tax.
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Moral Obligation Bonds Risks – Moral obligation bonds are generally issued by special purpose public authorities of a state or municipality. If the issuer is unable to meet its obligations, repayment of these bonds becomes a moral commitment, but not a legal obligation, of the state or municipality.
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Municipal Notes Risks – Municipal notes are shorter term municipal debt obligations. If there is a shortfall in the anticipated proceeds, the notes may not be fully repaid and the Trust may lose money.
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Municipal Lease Obligations Risks – In a municipal lease obligation, the issuer agrees to make payments when due on the lease obligation. Although the issuer does not pledge its unlimited taxing power for payment of the lease obligation, the lease obligation is secured by the leased property.
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Tax-Exempt Status Risk – The Trust and its investment manager will rely on the opinion of issuers’ bond counsel and, in the case of derivative securities, sponsors’ counsel, on the tax-exempt status of interest on municipal bonds and payments under derivative securities. Neither the Trust nor its investment manager will independently review the bases for those tax opinions, which may ultimately be determined to be incorrect and subject the Trust and its shareholders to substantial tax liabilities.
Reinvestment Risk: Proceeds from a current investment of the Trust, both interest payments and principal payments, may be reinvested in instruments that offer lower yields than the current investment due in part to market conditions and the interest rate environment at the time of reinvestment. Reinvestment risk is greater on short- to intermediate-term loans.
Insurance Risk: Insurance guarantees that interest payments on a municipal security will be made on time and that the principal will be repaid when the security matures. However, insurance does not protect against losses caused by declines in a municipal security’s value. The Trust cannot be certain that any insurance company will make the payments it guarantees. If a municipal security’s insurer fails to fulfill its obligations or loses its credit rating, the value of the security could drop.
High Yield Bonds Risk: Although junk bonds generally pay higher rates of interest than investment grade bonds, junk bonds are high risk investments that are considered speculative and may cause income and principal losses for the Trust.
Zero Coupon Securities Risk: While interest payments are not made on such securities, holders of such securities are deemed to have received income (“phantom income”) annually, notwithstanding that cash may not be received currently. The effect of owning instruments that do not make current interest payments is that a fixed yield is earned not only on the original investment but also, in effect, on all discount accretion during the life of the obligations. This implicit reinvestment of earnings at a fixed rate eliminates the risk of being unable to invest distributions at a rate as high as the implicit yield on the zero coupon bond, but at the same time eliminates the holder’s ability to reinvest at higher rates in the future. For this reason, some of these securities may be subject to substantially greater price fluctuations during periods of changing market interest rates than are comparable securities that pay interest currently. Longer term zero coupon bonds are more exposed to interest rate risk than shorter term zero coupon bonds. These investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of cash.
Variable and Floating Rate Instrument Risk: Variable and floating rate securities provide for periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the securities. These securities may be subject to greater illiquidity risk than other fixed income securities, meaning the absence of an active market for these securities could make it difficult for the Trust to dispose of them at any given time.
Indexed and Inverse Securities Risk: Indexed and inverse securities provide a potential return based on a particular index of value or interest rates. The Trust’s return on these securities will be subject to risk with respect to the value of the particular index. These securities are subject to leverage risk and correlation risk. Certain indexed and inverse securities have greater sensitivity to changes in interest rates or index levels than other securities, and the Trust’s investment in such instruments may decline significantly in value if interest rates or index levels move in a way Trust management does not anticipate.
U.S. Government Obligations Risk: Certain securities in which the Trust may invest, including securities issued by certain U.S. Government agencies and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises, are not guaranteed by the U.S. Government or supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. In addition, circumstances could arise that could prevent the timely payment of interest or principal on U.S. Government obligations, such as reaching the legislative “debt ceiling.” Such non-payment could result in losses to the Trust and substantial negative consequences for the U.S. economy and the global financial system.
Economic Sector and Geographic Risk: The Trust, as a fundamental policy, may not invest 25% or more of the value of its Managed Assets in any one industry. However, this limitation does not apply to securities of the U.S. Government, any state government or their respective agencies, or instrumentalities and securities backed by the credit of any federal or state governmental entity. As such, the Trust may invest 25% of more of its Managed Assets in municipal securities of issuers in the same state (or U.S. Territory) or in the same economic sector. If the Trust does so, this may make it more susceptible to adverse economic, political or regulatory occurrences affecting a particular state or economic sector.
Leverage Risk: The Trust’s use of leverage may increase or decrease from time to time in its discretion and the Trust may, in the future, determine not to use leverage.
The use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased common share net investment income dividends, but also creates risks for the holders of common shares. The Trust cannot assure you that the use of leverage will result in a higher yield on the common shares. Any leveraging strategy the Trust employs may not be successful.
Leverage involves risks and special considerations for common shareholders, including:
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the likelihood of greater volatility of net asset value, market price and dividend rate of the common shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage;
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the risk that fluctuations in interest rates or dividend rates on any leverage that the Trust must pay will reduce the return to the common shareholders;
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the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the net asset value of the common shares than if the Trust were not leveraged, which may result in a greater decline in the market price of the common shares;
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leverage may increase operating costs, which may reduce total return.
Any decline in the net asset value of the Trust’s investments will be borne entirely by the holders of common shares. Therefore, if the market value of the Trust’s portfolio declines, leverage will result in a greater decrease in net asset value to the holders of common shares than if the Trust were not leveraged. This greater net asset value decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market price for the common shares.
Tender Option Bonds Risk: The Trust’s participation in tender option bond transactions may reduce the Trust’s returns and/or increase volatility. Investments in tender option bond transactions expose the Trust to counterparty risk and leverage risk. An investment in a tender option bond transaction typically will involve greater risk than an investment in a municipal fixed rate security, including the risk of loss of principal. Distributions on TOB Residuals will bear an inverse relationship to short-term municipal security interest rates. Distributions on TOB Residuals paid to the Trust will be reduced or, in the extreme, eliminated as short-term municipal interest rates rise and will increase when short-term municipal interest rates fall. TOB Residuals generally will underperform the market for fixed rate municipal securities in a rising interest rate environment. The Trust may invest in special purpose trusts formed for the purpose of holding municipal bonds contributed by one or more funds (“TOB Trusts”) on either a non-recourse or recourse basis. If the Trust invests in a TOB Trust on a recourse basis, it could suffer losses in excess of the value of its TOB Residuals.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk: Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Trust with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the other party may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. The Trust could lose money if it is unable to recover the securities and the value of the collateral held by the Trust, including the value of the investments made with cash collateral, is less than the value of the securities. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences for the Trust. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the interest income earned in the investment of the proceeds will be less than the interest expense.
Illiquid Investments Risk: The Trust may invest without limitation in illiquid or less liquid investments or investments in which no secondary market is readily available or which are otherwise illiquid, including private placement securities. The Trust may not be able to readily dispose of such investments at prices that approximate those at which the Trust could sell such investments if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Trust may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. Limited liquidity can also affect the market price of investments, thereby adversely affecting the Trust’s net asset value and ability to make dividend distributions. The financial markets in general, and certain segments of the mortgage-related securities markets in particular, have in recent years experienced periods of extreme secondary market supply and demand imbalance, resulting in a loss of liquidity during which market prices were suddenly and substantially below traditional measures of intrinsic value. During such periods, some investments could be sold only at arbitrary prices and with substantial losses. Periods of such market dislocation may occur again at any time. Privately issued debt securities are often of below investment grade quality, frequently are unrated and present many of the same risks as investing in below investment grade public debt securities.
Investment Companies and ETFs Risk: Subject to the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules thereunder, the Trust may acquire shares in other investment companies and in exchange-traded Trusts (“ETFs”), some of which may be affiliated investment companies. The market value of the shares of other investment companies and ETFs may differ from their net asset value. As an investor in investment companies and ETFs, the Trust would bear its ratable share of that entity’s expenses, including its investment advisory and administration fees, while continuing to pay its own advisory and administration fees and other expenses (to the extent not offset by the Manager through waivers). As a result, shareholders will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in other investment companies and ETFs (to the extent not offset by the Manager through waivers).
The securities of other investment companies and ETFs in which the Trust may invest may be leveraged. As a result, the Trust may be indirectly exposed to leverage through an investment in such securities. An investment in securities of other investment companies and ETFs that use leverage may expose the Trust to higher volatility in the market value of such securities and the possibility that the Trust’s long-term returns on such securities (and, indirectly, the long-term returns of shares of the Trust) will be diminished.
As with other investments, investments in other investment companies, including ETFs, are subject to market and selection risk. To the extent the Trust is held by an affiliated Trust, the ability of the Trust itself to hold other investment companies may be limited.
Derivatives Risk: The Trust’s use of derivatives may increase its costs, reduce the Trust’s returns and/or increase volatility. Derivatives involve significant risks, including:
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Leverage Risk – The Trust’s use of derivatives can magnify the Trust’s gains and losses. Relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of a derivatives position and can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
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Market Risk – Some derivatives are more sensitive to interest rate changes and market price fluctuations than other securities. The Trust could also suffer losses related to its derivatives positions as a result of unanticipated market movements, which losses are potentially unlimited. Finally, the Manager may not be able to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates and other economic factors, which could cause the Trust’s derivatives positions to lose value.
  •  
Counterparty Risk – Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will be unable or unwilling to fulfill its contractual obligation, and the related risks of having concentrated exposure to such a counterparty.
  •  
Illiquidity Risk – The possible lack of a liquid secondary market for derivatives and the resulting inability of the Trust to sell or otherwise close a derivatives position could expose the Trust to losses and could make derivatives more difficult for the Trust to value accurately.
  •  
Operational Risk – The use of derivatives includes the risk of potential operational issues, including documentation issues, settlement issues, systems failures, inadequate controls and human error.
  •  
Legal Risk – The risk of insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of counterparty, or legality or enforceability of a contract.
  •  
Volatility and Correlation Risk – Volatility is defined as the characteristic of a security, an index or a market to fluctuate significantly in price within a short time period. A risk of the Trust’s use of derivatives is that the fluctuations in their values may not correlate with the overall securities markets.
  •  
Valuation Risk – Valuation for derivatives may not be readily available in the market. Valuation may be more difficult in times of market turmoil since many investors and market makers may be reluctant to purchase complex instruments or quote prices for them.
  •  
Hedging Risk – Hedges are sometimes subject to imperfect matching between the derivative and the underlying security, and there can be no assurance that the Trust’s hedging transactions will be effective. The use of hedging may result in certain adverse tax consequences.
  •  
Tax Risk – Certain aspects of the tax treatment of derivative instruments, including swap agreements and commodity-linked derivative instruments, are currently unclear and may be affected by changes in legislation, regulations or other legally binding authority. Such treatment may be less favorable than that given to a direct investment in an underlying asset and may adversely affect the timing, character and amount of income the Trust realizes from its investments.
Risk of Investing in the United States: Certain changes in the U.S. economy, such as when the U.S. economy weakens or when its financial markets decline, may have an adverse effect on the securities to which the Trust has exposure.
Market Risk and Selection Risk: Market risk is the risk that one or more markets in which the Trust invests will go down in value, including the possibility that the markets will go down sharply and unpredictably. The value of a security or other asset may decline due to changes in general market conditions, economic trends or events that are not specifically related to the issuer of the security or other asset, or factors that affect a particular issuer or issuers, exchange, country, group of countries, region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class. Local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues like pandemics or epidemics, recessions, or other events could have a significant impact on the Trust and its investments. Selection risk is the risk that the securities selected by Trust management will underperform the markets, the relevant indices or the securities selected by other funds with similar investment objectives and investment strategies. This means you may lose money.
An outbreak of an infectious coronavirus (COVID-19) that was first detected in December 2019 developed into a global pandemic that has resulted in numerous disruptions in the market and has had significant economic impact leaving general concern and uncertainty. Although vaccines have been developed and approved for use by various governments, the duration of the pandemic and its effects cannot be predicted with certainty. The impact of this coronavirus, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could affect the economies of many nations, individual companies and the market in general ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time.
Shareholder Activism Risk: Shareholder activism involving closed-end funds has recently been increasing. Shareholder activism can take many forms, including engaging in public campaigns to demand that the Trust consider significant transactions such as a tender offer, merger or liquidation or to attempt to influence the Trust’s corporate
governance and/or management, commencing proxy contests to attempt to elect the activists’ representatives or others to the Trust’s Board of Trustees, or to seek other actions such as a termination of the Trust’s investment advisory contract with its current investment manager or commencing litigation. If the Trust becomes the subject of shareholder activism, then management and the Board may be required to divert significant resources and attention to respond to the activist and the Trust may incur substantial costs defending against such activism if management and the Board determine that the activist’s demands are not in the best interest of the Trust. Further, the Trust’s share price could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and uncertainties of any shareholder activism.
Share Price [Table Text Block]                
Share Price Data
The following table summarizes BBN’s highest and lowest daily closing market prices on the NYSE per common share, the NAV per common share, and the premium to or discount from NAV, on the date of each of the high and low market prices. The trading volume indicates the number of common shares traded on the NYSE during the respective quarters.
     NYSE Market Price
Per Common Share		     NAV per Common
Share on Date of
Market Price		     Premium/
(Discount)
on Date of
Market Price		         
During Quarter Ended   High     Low     High     Low     High     Low     Trading Volume  
December 31, 2023
   $ 16.59     $ 14.43     $ 17.99     $ 15.92       (7.78 )%      (9.36 )%      17,149,103  
September 30, 2023
     16.70       14.84       17.90       16.60       (6.70 )      (10.60 )      14,652,256  
June 30, 2023
     18.11       16.44       18.53       17.71       (2.27 )      (7.17 )      10,529,812  
March 31, 2023
     18.30       17.15       18.75       17.75       (2.40 )      (3.38 )      11,995,047  
December 31, 2022
     18.76       15.91       17.53       16.47       7.02       (3.40 )      16,302,037  
September 30, 2022
     20.10       16.35       19.12       17.05       5.13       (4.11 )      16,423,597  
June 30, 2022
     21.91       17.59       21.84       18.79       0.32       (6.39 )      16,962,381  
March 31, 2022
     25.93       20.63       24.92       21.74       4.05       (5.11 )      16,467,240  
As of December 31, 2023, BBN’s market price, NAV per Common Share, and premium/(discount) to NAV per Common Share were $16.26, $18.07, and (10.02)%, respectively.
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]                  
Capital Stock [Table Text Block]                
10. CAPITAL SHARE TRANSACTIONS
The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares, all of which were initially classified as Common Shares. The par value for the Trust’s Common Shares is $0.001. The Board is authorized, however, to reclassify any unissued Common Shares to Preferred Shares without the approval of Common Shareholders.
For the periods shown, shares issued and outstanding increased by the following amounts as a result of dividend reinvestment:
 
  
     Year Ended  
  
 
 
  
Trust Name    12/31/23      12/31/22  
 
  
BBN
      —        50,021  
 
  
The Trust participates in an open market share repurchase program (the “Repurchase Program”). From December 1, 2022 through November 30, 2023, the Trust may repurchase up to 5% of its outstanding common shares under the Repurchase Program, based on common shares outstanding as of the close of business on November 30, 2022, subject to certain conditions. From December 1, 2023 through November 30, 2024, the Trust may repurchase up to 5% of its outstanding common shares under the Repurchase Program, based on common shares outstanding as of the close of business on November 30, 2023, subject to certain conditions. The Repurchase Program has an accretive effect as shares are purchased at a discount to the Trust’s NAV. There is no assurance that the Trust will purchase shares in any particular amounts. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Trust did not repurchase any shares.
BBN has filed a prospectus with the SEC allowing it to issue an additional 20,000,000 Common Shares through an equity Shelf Offering. Under the Shelf Offering, BBN, subject to market conditions, may raise additional equity capital from time to time in varying amounts and utilizing various offering methods at a net price at or above the Trust’s NAV per Common Share (calculated within 48 hours of pricing). As of period end, 15,569,359 Common Shares remain available for issuance under the Shelf Offering. During the year ended December 31, 2023, BBN issued 5,932 shares under the Shelf Offering. See Additional Information - Shelf Offering Program for additional information.
Initial costs incurred by BBN in connection with its Shelf Offering are recorded as “Deferred offering costs” in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities. As shares are sold, a portion of the costs attributable to the shares sold will be charged against paid-in-capital. Any remaining deferred charges at the end of the Shelf Offering period will be charged to expense.
Outstanding Securities [Table Text Block]                 The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares, all of which were initially classified as Common Shares.
Illiquidity Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Illiquidity Risk: The Trust may invest without limitation in illiquid or less liquid investments or investments in which no secondary market is readily available or which are otherwise illiquid, including private placement securities. The Trust may not be able to readily dispose of such investments at prices that approximate those at which the Trust could sell such investments if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Trust may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise funds to meet its obligations. Limited liquidity can also affect the market price of investments, thereby adversely affecting the Trust’s NAV and ability to make dividend distributions. Privately issued debt securities are often of below investment grade quality, frequently are unrated and present many of the same risks as investing in below investment grade public debt securities.
Market Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Market Risk: The Trust may be exposed to prepayment risk, which is the risk that borrowers may exercise their option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled during periods of declining interest rates, which would force the Trust to reinvest in lower yielding securities. The Trust may also be exposed to reinvestment risk, which is the risk that income from the Trust’s portfolio will decline if the Trust invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called fixed-income securities at market interest rates that are below the Trust portfolio’s current earnings rate.
Municipal securities are subject to the risk that litigation, legislation or other political events, local business or economic conditions, credit rating downgrades, or the bankruptcy of the issuer could have a significant effect on an issuer’s ability to make payments of principal and/or interest or otherwise affect the value of such securities. Municipal securities can be significantly affected by political or economic changes, including changes made in the law after issuance of the securities, as well as uncertainties in the municipal market related to, taxation, legislative changes or the rights of municipal security holders, including in connection with an issuer insolvency. Municipal securities backed by current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets can be negatively affected by the discontinuance of the tax benefits supporting the project or assets or the inability to collect revenues for the project or from the assets. Municipal securities may be less liquid than taxable bonds, and there may be less publicly available information on the financial condition of municipal security issuers than for issuers of other securities.
Counterparty Credit Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Counterparty Credit Risk: The Trust may be exposed to counterparty credit risk, or the risk that an entity may fail to or be unable to perform on its commitments related to unsettled or open transactions, including making timely interest and/or principal payments or otherwise honoring its obligations. The Trust manages counterparty credit risk by entering into transactions only with counterparties that the Manager believes have the financial resources to honor their obligations and by monitoring the financial stability of those counterparties. Financial assets, which potentially expose the Trust to market, issuer and counterparty credit risks, consist principally of financial instruments and receivables due from counterparties. The extent of the Trust’s exposure to market, issuer and counterparty credit risks with respect to these financial assets is approximately their value recorded in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities, less any collateral held by the Trust.
A derivative contract may suffer a mark-to-market loss if the value of the contract decreases due to an unfavorable change in the market rates or values of the underlying instrument. Losses can also occur if the counterparty does not perform under the contract.
With exchange-traded futures, there is less counterparty credit risk to the Trust since the exchange or clearinghouse, as counterparty to such instruments, guarantees against a possible default. The clearinghouse stands between the buyer and the seller of the contract; therefore, credit risk is limited to failure of the clearinghouse. While offset rights may exist under applicable law, the Trust does not have a contractual right of offset against a clearing broker or clearinghouse in the event of a default (including the bankruptcy or insolvency). Additionally, credit risk exists in exchange-traded futures with respect to initial and variation margin that is held in a clearing broker’s customer accounts. While clearing brokers are required to segregate customer margin from their own assets, in the event that a clearing broker becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy and at that time there is a shortfall in the aggregate amount of margin held by the clearing broker for all its clients, typically the shortfall would be allocated on a pro rata basis across all the clearing broker’s customers, potentially resulting in losses to the Trust.
Geographic Asset Class Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Geographic/Asset Class Risk: A diversified portfolio, where this is appropriate and consistent with a fund’s objectives, minimizes the risk that a price change of a particular investment will have a material impact on the NAV of a fund. The investment concentrations within the Trust’s portfolio are disclosed in its Schedule of Investments.
The Trust invests a substantial amount of its assets in issuers located in a single state or limited number of states. When a fund concentrates its investments in this manner, it assumes the risk that economic, regulatory, political or social conditions affecting that state or group of states could have a significant impact on the fund and could affect the income from, or the value or liquidity of, the fund’s portfolio. Investment percentages in specific states or U.S. territories are presented in the Schedule of Investments.
The Trust invests a significant portion of its assets in fixed-income securities and/or uses derivatives tied to the fixed-income markets. Changes in market interest rates or economic conditions may affect the value and/or liquidity of such investments. Interest rate risk is the risk that prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities will decrease as interest rates rise and increase as interest rates fall. The Trust may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the period of historically low interest rates that ended in March 2022. The Federal Reserve has recently been raising the federal funds rate as part of its efforts to address inflation. There is a risk that interest rates will continue to rise, which will likely drive down the prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities, and could negatively impact the Trust’s performance.
The Trust invests a significant portion of its assets in securities of issuers located in the United States. A decrease in imports or exports, changes in trade regulations, inflation and/or an economic recession in the United States may have a material adverse effect on the U.S. economy and the securities listed on U.S. exchanges. Proposed and adopted policy and legislative changes in the United States may also have a significant effect on U.S. markets generally, as well as on the value of certain securities. Governmental agencies project that the United States will continue to maintain elevated public debt levels for the foreseeable future which may constrain future economic growth. Circumstances could arise that could prevent the timely payment of interest or principal on U.S. government debt, such as reaching the legislative “debt ceiling.” Such non-payment would result in substantial negative consequences for the U.S. economy and the global financial system. If U.S. relations with certain countries deteriorate, it could adversely affect issuers that rely on the United States for trade. The United States has also experienced increased internal unrest and discord. If these trends were to continue, they may have an adverse impact on the U.S. economy and the issuers in which the Trust invests.
Investment and Market Discount Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Investment and Market Discount Risk: An investment in the Trust’s common shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire amount that you invest. As with any stock, the price of the Trust’s common shares will fluctuate with market conditions and other factors. If shares are sold, the price received may be more or less than the original investment. Common shares are designed for long-term investors and the Trust should not be treated as a trading vehicle. Shares of closed-end management investment companies frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. This risk is separate and distinct from the risk that the Trust’s net asset value could decrease as a result of its investment activities. At any point in time an investment in the Trust’s common shares may be worth less than the original amount invested, even after taking into account distributions paid by the Trust. During periods in which the Trust may use leverage, the Trust’s investment, market discount and certain other risks will be magnified.
Debt Securities Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Debt Securities Risk: Debt securities, such as bonds, involve interest rate risk, such as credit risk, interest rate risk, extension risk, and prepayment risk, each of which are described in further detail below:
  •  
Credit Risk – Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of a debt security (i.e., the borrower) will not be able to make payments of interest and principal when due. Changes in an issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of an issuer’s creditworthiness may also affect the value of the Trust’s investment in that issuer. The degree of credit risk depends on both the financial condition of the issuer and the terms of the obligation.
  •  
Interest Rate Risk – The market value of bonds and other fixed-income securities changes in response to interest rate changes and other factors. Interest rate risk is the risk that prices of bonds and other fixed-income securities will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise.
The Trust may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the recent period of historically low interest rates. For example, if interest rates increase by 1%, assuming a current portfolio duration of ten years, and all other factors being equal, the value of the Trust’s investments would be expected to decrease by 10%. (Duration is a measure of the price sensitivity of a debt security or portfolio of debt securities to relative changes in interest rates.) The magnitude of these fluctuations in the market price of bonds and other fixed-income securities is generally greater for those securities with longer maturities. Fluctuations in the market price of the Trust’s investments will not affect interest income derived from instruments already owned by the Trust, but will be reflected in the Trust’s net asset value. The Trust may lose money if short-term or long-term interest rates rise sharply in a manner not anticipated by Trust management.
To the extent the Trust invests in debt securities that may be prepaid at the option of the obligor (such as mortgage-backed securities), the sensitivity of such securities to changes in interest rates may increase (to the detriment of the Trust) when interest rates rise. Moreover, because rates on certain floating rate debt securities typically reset only periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates (and particularly sudden and significant changes) can be expected to cause some fluctuations in the net asset value of the Trust to the extent that it invests in floating rate debt securities.
These basic principles of bond prices also apply to U.S. Government securities. A security backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. Government is guaranteed only as to its stated interest rate and face value at maturity, not its current market price. Just like other fixed-income securities, government-guaranteed securities will fluctuate in value when interest rates change.
A general rise in interest rates has the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities. Heavy redemptions could cause the Trust to sell assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value and could hurt the Trust’s performance.
  •  
Extension Risk – When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, causing the value of these obligations to fall.
  •  
Prepayment Risk – When interest rates fall, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more quickly than originally anticipated, and the Trust may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields.
Build America Bonds Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Build America Bonds Risk: BABs involve similar risks as municipal bonds, including credit and market risk. In particular, should a BABs issuer fail to continue to meet the applicable requirements imposed on the bonds as provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, it is possible that such issuer may not receive federal cash subsidy payments, impairing the issuer’s ability to make scheduled interest payments. The BAB program expired on December 31, 2010 and no further issuance is permitted unless Congress renews the program. As a result, the number of available BABs is limited, which may negatively affect the value of the BABs. While an active trading market for BABs has generally existed since the expiration of the BAB program, there can be no assurance that BABs will remain actively traded. It is difficult to predict the extent to which a market for such bonds will continue, meaning that BABs may experience greater illiquidity than other municipal obligations. The BABs outstanding as of December 31, 2010 will continue to be eligible for the federal interest rate subsidy, which continues for the life of the BABs; however, no bonds issued following expiration of the BAB program will be eligible for the U.S. federal tax subsidy. Pursuant to certain federal budget legislation adopted in August 2011, starting as of March 1, 2013, the government’s BAB subsidy payments were reduced as part of a government-wide “sequestration” of many program expenditures. Such cuts may end earlier if rescinded by Congress. Due to continuing uncertainty related to Congressional budget deficit reduction, there is a possibility that federal funds allocated to subsidize issuers of BABs for a portion of the interest paid by such issuers could be further reduced or eliminated in the future. To the extent the federal subsidy is reduced or eliminated, there is a risk that issuers of BABs could redeem bonds prior to their stated maturities based on the redemption language applicable to specific issues of BABs. Once such redemption provisions permit redemption of BABs because the subsidy is reduced or eliminated, issuers may be able to redeem BABs even after any reduction in the subsidy has ended. The Fund cannot predict future reductions in the federal subsidy for BABs.
Municipal Securities Risks [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Municipal Securities Risks: Municipal securities risks include the ability of the issuer to repay the obligation, the relative lack of information about certain issuers of municipal securities, and the possibility of future legislative changes which could affect the market for and value of municipal securities. Budgetary constraints of local, state, and federal governments upon which the issuers may be relying for funding may also impact municipal securities. These risks include:
  •  
General Obligation Bonds Risks – Timely payments depend on the issuer’s credit quality, ability to raise tax revenues and ability to maintain an adequate tax base.
  •  
Revenue Bonds Risks – These payments depend on the money earned by the particular facility or class of facilities, or the amount of revenues derived from another source.
  •  
Private Activity Bonds Risks – Municipalities and other public authorities issue private activity bonds to finance development of industrial facilities for use by a private enterprise. The private enterprise pays the principal and interest on the bond, and the issuer does not pledge its full faith, credit and taxing power for repayment. The Trust’s investments may consist of private activity bonds that may subject certain shareholders to an alternative minimum tax.
  •  
Moral Obligation Bonds Risks – Moral obligation bonds are generally issued by special purpose public authorities of a state or municipality. If the issuer is unable to meet its obligations, repayment of these bonds becomes a moral commitment, but not a legal obligation, of the state or municipality.
  •  
Municipal Notes Risks – Municipal notes are shorter term municipal debt obligations. If there is a shortfall in the anticipated proceeds, the notes may not be fully repaid and the Trust may lose money.
  •  
Municipal Lease Obligations Risks – In a municipal lease obligation, the issuer agrees to make payments when due on the lease obligation. Although the issuer does not pledge its unlimited taxing power for payment of the lease obligation, the lease obligation is secured by the leased property.
  •  
Tax-Exempt Status Risk – The Trust and its investment manager will rely on the opinion of issuers’ bond counsel and, in the case of derivative securities, sponsors’ counsel, on the tax-exempt status of interest on municipal bonds and payments under derivative securities. Neither the Trust nor its investment manager will independently review the bases for those tax opinions, which may ultimately be determined to be incorrect and subject the Trust and its shareholders to substantial tax liabilities.
Reinvestment Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Reinvestment Risk: Proceeds from a current investment of the Trust, both interest payments and principal payments, may be reinvested in instruments that offer lower yields than the current investment due in part to market conditions and the interest rate environment at the time of reinvestment. Reinvestment risk is greater on short- to intermediate-term loans.
Insurance Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Insurance Risk: Insurance guarantees that interest payments on a municipal security will be made on time and that the principal will be repaid when the security matures. However, insurance does not protect against losses caused by declines in a municipal security’s value. The Trust cannot be certain that any insurance company will make the payments it guarantees. If a municipal security’s insurer fails to fulfill its obligations or loses its credit rating, the value of the security could drop.
High Yield Bonds Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
High Yield Bonds Risk: Although junk bonds generally pay higher rates of interest than investment grade bonds, junk bonds are high risk investments that are considered speculative and may cause income and principal losses for the Trust.
Zero Coupon Securities Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Zero Coupon Securities Risk: While interest payments are not made on such securities, holders of such securities are deemed to have received income (“phantom income”) annually, notwithstanding that cash may not be received currently. The effect of owning instruments that do not make current interest payments is that a fixed yield is earned not only on the original investment but also, in effect, on all discount accretion during the life of the obligations. This implicit reinvestment of earnings at a fixed rate eliminates the risk of being unable to invest distributions at a rate as high as the implicit yield on the zero coupon bond, but at the same time eliminates the holder’s ability to reinvest at higher rates in the future. For this reason, some of these securities may be subject to substantially greater price fluctuations during periods of changing market interest rates than are comparable securities that pay interest currently. Longer term zero coupon bonds are more exposed to interest rate risk than shorter term zero coupon bonds. These investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of cash.
Variable and Floating Rate Instrument Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Variable and Floating Rate Instrument Risk: Variable and floating rate securities provide for periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the securities. These securities may be subject to greater illiquidity risk than other fixed income securities, meaning the absence of an active market for these securities could make it difficult for the Trust to dispose of them at any given time.
Indexed and Inverse Securities Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Indexed and Inverse Securities Risk: Indexed and inverse securities provide a potential return based on a particular index of value or interest rates. The Trust’s return on these securities will be subject to risk with respect to the value of the particular index. These securities are subject to leverage risk and correlation risk. Certain indexed and inverse securities have greater sensitivity to changes in interest rates or index levels than other securities, and the Trust’s investment in such instruments may decline significantly in value if interest rates or index levels move in a way Trust management does not anticipate.
U S Government Obligations Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
U.S. Government Obligations Risk: Certain securities in which the Trust may invest, including securities issued by certain U.S. Government agencies and U.S. Government sponsored enterprises, are not guaranteed by the U.S. Government or supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. In addition, circumstances could arise that could prevent the timely payment of interest or principal on U.S. Government obligations, such as reaching the legislative “debt ceiling.” Such non-payment could result in losses to the Trust and substantial negative consequences for the U.S. economy and the global financial system.
Economic Sector and Geographic Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Economic Sector and Geographic Risk: The Trust, as a fundamental policy, may not invest 25% or more of the value of its Managed Assets in any one industry. However, this limitation does not apply to securities of the U.S. Government, any state government or their respective agencies, or instrumentalities and securities backed by the credit of any federal or state governmental entity. As such, the Trust may invest 25% of more of its Managed Assets in municipal securities of issuers in the same state (or U.S. Territory) or in the same economic sector. If the Trust does so, this may make it more susceptible to adverse economic, political or regulatory occurrences affecting a particular state or economic sector.
Leverage Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Leverage Risk: The Trust’s use of leverage may increase or decrease from time to time in its discretion and the Trust may, in the future, determine not to use leverage.
The use of leverage creates an opportunity for increased common share net investment income dividends, but also creates risks for the holders of common shares. The Trust cannot assure you that the use of leverage will result in a higher yield on the common shares. Any leveraging strategy the Trust employs may not be successful.
Leverage involves risks and special considerations for common shareholders, including:
  •  
the likelihood of greater volatility of net asset value, market price and dividend rate of the common shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage;
  •  
the risk that fluctuations in interest rates or dividend rates on any leverage that the Trust must pay will reduce the return to the common shareholders;
  •  
the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the net asset value of the common shares than if the Trust were not leveraged, which may result in a greater decline in the market price of the common shares;
  •  
leverage may increase operating costs, which may reduce total return.
Any decline in the net asset value of the Trust’s investments will be borne entirely by the holders of common shares. Therefore, if the market value of the Trust’s portfolio declines, leverage will result in a greater decrease in net asset value to the holders of common shares than if the Trust were not leveraged. This greater net asset value decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market price for the common shares.
Tender Option Bonds Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Tender Option Bonds Risk: The Trust’s participation in tender option bond transactions may reduce the Trust’s returns and/or increase volatility. Investments in tender option bond transactions expose the Trust to counterparty risk and leverage risk. An investment in a tender option bond transaction typically will involve greater risk than an investment in a municipal fixed rate security, including the risk of loss of principal. Distributions on TOB Residuals will bear an inverse relationship to short-term municipal security interest rates. Distributions on TOB Residuals paid to the Trust will be reduced or, in the extreme, eliminated as short-term municipal interest rates rise and will increase when short-term municipal interest rates fall. TOB Residuals generally will underperform the market for fixed rate municipal securities in a rising interest rate environment. The Trust may invest in special purpose trusts formed for the purpose of holding municipal bonds contributed by one or more funds (“TOB Trusts”) on either a non-recourse or recourse basis. If the Trust invests in a TOB Trust on a recourse basis, it could suffer losses in excess of the value of its TOB Residuals.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Reverse Repurchase Agreements Risk: Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Trust with an agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the other party may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. The Trust could lose money if it is unable to recover the securities and the value of the collateral held by the Trust, including the value of the investments made with cash collateral, is less than the value of the securities. These events could also trigger adverse tax consequences for the Trust. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the interest income earned in the investment of the proceeds will be less than the interest expense.
Illiquid Investments Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Illiquid Investments Risk: The Trust may invest without limitation in illiquid or less liquid investments or investments in which no secondary market is readily available or which are otherwise illiquid, including private placement securities. The Trust may not be able to readily dispose of such investments at prices that approximate those at which the Trust could sell such investments if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Trust may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. Limited liquidity can also affect the market price of investments, thereby adversely affecting the Trust’s net asset value and ability to make dividend distributions. The financial markets in general, and certain segments of the mortgage-related securities markets in particular, have in recent years experienced periods of extreme secondary market supply and demand imbalance, resulting in a loss of liquidity during which market prices were suddenly and substantially below traditional measures of intrinsic value. During such periods, some investments could be sold only at arbitrary prices and with substantial losses. Periods of such market dislocation may occur again at any time. Privately issued debt securities are often of below investment grade quality, frequently are unrated and present many of the same risks as investing in below investment grade public debt securities.
Investment Companies and ETFs Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Investment Companies and ETFs Risk: Subject to the limitations set forth in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules thereunder, the Trust may acquire shares in other investment companies and in exchange-traded Trusts (“ETFs”), some of which may be affiliated investment companies. The market value of the shares of other investment companies and ETFs may differ from their net asset value. As an investor in investment companies and ETFs, the Trust would bear its ratable share of that entity’s expenses, including its investment advisory and administration fees, while continuing to pay its own advisory and administration fees and other expenses (to the extent not offset by the Manager through waivers). As a result, shareholders will be absorbing duplicate levels of fees with respect to investments in other investment companies and ETFs (to the extent not offset by the Manager through waivers).
The securities of other investment companies and ETFs in which the Trust may invest may be leveraged. As a result, the Trust may be indirectly exposed to leverage through an investment in such securities. An investment in securities of other investment companies and ETFs that use leverage may expose the Trust to higher volatility in the market value of such securities and the possibility that the Trust’s long-term returns on such securities (and, indirectly, the long-term returns of shares of the Trust) will be diminished.
As with other investments, investments in other investment companies, including ETFs, are subject to market and selection risk. To the extent the Trust is held by an affiliated Trust, the ability of the Trust itself to hold other investment companies may be limited.
Derivatives Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Derivatives Risk: The Trust’s use of derivatives may increase its costs, reduce the Trust’s returns and/or increase volatility. Derivatives involve significant risks, including:
  •  
Leverage Risk – The Trust’s use of derivatives can magnify the Trust’s gains and losses. Relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of a derivatives position and can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested.
  •  
Market Risk – Some derivatives are more sensitive to interest rate changes and market price fluctuations than other securities. The Trust could also suffer losses related to its derivatives positions as a result of unanticipated market movements, which losses are potentially unlimited. Finally, the Manager may not be able to predict correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates and other economic factors, which could cause the Trust’s derivatives positions to lose value.
  •  
Counterparty Risk – Derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the other party in the transaction will be unable or unwilling to fulfill its contractual obligation, and the related risks of having concentrated exposure to such a counterparty.
  •  
Illiquidity Risk – The possible lack of a liquid secondary market for derivatives and the resulting inability of the Trust to sell or otherwise close a derivatives position could expose the Trust to losses and could make derivatives more difficult for the Trust to value accurately.
  •  
Operational Risk – The use of derivatives includes the risk of potential operational issues, including documentation issues, settlement issues, systems failures, inadequate controls and human error.
  •  
Legal Risk – The risk of insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of counterparty, or legality or enforceability of a contract.
  •  
Volatility and Correlation Risk – Volatility is defined as the characteristic of a security, an index or a market to fluctuate significantly in price within a short time period. A risk of the Trust’s use of derivatives is that the fluctuations in their values may not correlate with the overall securities markets.
  •  
Valuation Risk – Valuation for derivatives may not be readily available in the market. Valuation may be more difficult in times of market turmoil since many investors and market makers may be reluctant to purchase complex instruments or quote prices for them.
  •  
Hedging Risk – Hedges are sometimes subject to imperfect matching between the derivative and the underlying security, and there can be no assurance that the Trust’s hedging transactions will be effective. The use of hedging may result in certain adverse tax consequences.
  •  
Tax Risk – Certain aspects of the tax treatment of derivative instruments, including swap agreements and commodity-linked derivative instruments, are currently unclear and may be affected by changes in legislation, regulations or other legally binding authority. Such treatment may be less favorable than that given to a direct investment in an underlying asset and may adversely affect the timing, character and amount of income the Trust realizes from its investments.
Risk of Investing in the United States [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Risk of Investing in the United States: Certain changes in the U.S. economy, such as when the U.S. economy weakens or when its financial markets decline, may have an adverse effect on the securities to which the Trust has exposure.
Market Risk and Selection Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Market Risk and Selection Risk: Market risk is the risk that one or more markets in which the Trust invests will go down in value, including the possibility that the markets will go down sharply and unpredictably. The value of a security or other asset may decline due to changes in general market conditions, economic trends or events that are not specifically related to the issuer of the security or other asset, or factors that affect a particular issuer or issuers, exchange, country, group of countries, region, market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class. Local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues like pandemics or epidemics, recessions, or other events could have a significant impact on the Trust and its investments. Selection risk is the risk that the securities selected by Trust management will underperform the markets, the relevant indices or the securities selected by other funds with similar investment objectives and investment strategies. This means you may lose money.
An outbreak of an infectious coronavirus (COVID-19) that was first detected in December 2019 developed into a global pandemic that has resulted in numerous disruptions in the market and has had significant economic impact leaving general concern and uncertainty. Although vaccines have been developed and approved for use by various governments, the duration of the pandemic and its effects cannot be predicted with certainty. The impact of this coronavirus, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could affect the economies of many nations, individual companies and the market in general ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time.
Shareholder Activism Risk [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Risk [Text Block]                
Shareholder Activism Risk: Shareholder activism involving closed-end funds has recently been increasing. Shareholder activism can take many forms, including engaging in public campaigns to demand that the Trust consider significant transactions such as a tender offer, merger or liquidation or to attempt to influence the Trust’s corporate
governance and/or management, commencing proxy contests to attempt to elect the activists’ representatives or others to the Trust’s Board of Trustees, or to seek other actions such as a termination of the Trust’s investment advisory contract with its current investment manager or commencing litigation. If the Trust becomes the subject of shareholder activism, then management and the Board may be required to divert significant resources and attention to respond to the activist and the Trust may incur substantial costs defending against such activism if management and the Board determine that the activist’s demands are not in the best interest of the Trust. Further, the Trust’s share price could be subject to significant fluctuation or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and uncertainties of any shareholder activism.
Note [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block]                
Investment Objective
BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust’s (BBN) (the “Trust”) primary investment objective is to seek high current income, with a secondary objective of capital appreciation. The Trust seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in a portfolio of taxable municipal securities, including Build America Bonds (“BABs”), issued by state and local governments to finance capital projects such as public schools, roads, transportation infrastructure, bridges, ports and public buildings.
The Trust originally sought to achieve its investment objectives by investing primarily in a portfolio of BABs, which are taxable municipal securities issued pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Given the uncertainty around the BABs program at the time of the Trust’s launch in 2010, the Trust’s initial public offering prospectus included a Contingent Review Provision. For any 24-month period, if there were no new issuances of BABs or other analogous taxable municipal securities, the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) would undertake an evaluation of potential actions with respect to the Trust. Under the Contingent Review Provision, such potential action may include changes to the Trust’s non-fundamental investment policies to broaden its primary investment focus to include taxable municipal securities generally. The BABs program expired on December 31, 2010 and was not renewed. Accordingly, there have been no new issuances of BABs since that date.
Pursuant to the Contingent Review Provision, on June 12, 2015, the Board approved a proposal to amend the Trust’s investment policy from “Under normal market conditions, the Trust invests at least 80% of its managed assets in BABs” to “Under normal market conditions, the Trust invests at least 80% of its managed assets in taxable municipal securities, which include BABs”, and to change the name of the Trust from “BlackRock Build America Bond Trust” to “BlackRock Taxable Municipal Bond Trust.” These changes became effective on August 25, 2015.
The Trust continues to maintain its other investment policies, including its ability to invest up to 20% of its managed assets in securities other than taxable municipal securities. Such other securities may include tax-exempt securities, U.S. Treasury securities, obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities and corporate bonds issued by issuers that have, in BlackRock Advisors, LLC’s (the “Manager”) view, typically been associated with or sold in the municipal market. Bonds issued by private universities and hospitals, or bonds sold to finance military housing developments are examples of such securities. The Trust also continues to invest at least 80% of its managed assets in securities that at the time of purchase are investment grade quality.
As used herein, “managed assets” means the total assets of the Trust (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) minus the sum of the Trust’s accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes).
As of December 31, 2023, 55% of the Trust’s portfolio is composed of BABs. Like other taxable municipal securities, interest received on BABs is subject to U.S. tax and may be subject to state income tax. Issuers of direct pay BABs, however, are eligible to receive a subsidy from the U.S. Treasury of up to 35% of the interest paid on the BABs. This allowed such issuers to issue bonds that pay interest rates that were expected to be competitive with the rates typically paid by private bond issuers in the taxable fixed income market. While the U.S. Treasury subsidizes the interest paid on BABs, it does not guarantee the principal or interest payments on BABs, and there is no guarantee that the U.S. Treasury will not reduce or eliminate the subsidy for BABs in the future. Any interruption, delay, reduction and/or offset of the reimbursement from the U.S. Treasury may reduce the demand for direct pay BABs and/or potentially trigger extraordinary call features of the BABs. As of the date of this report, the subsidy that issuers of direct pay BABs receive from the U.S. Treasury has been reduced from its original level as the result of budgetary sequestration. The extraordinary call features of some BABs permit early redemption at par value, and the reduction in the subsidy issuers of direct pay BABs receive from the U.S. Treasury has resulted, and may continue to result, in early redemptions of some BABs at par value. Such early redemptions at par value may result in a potential loss in value for investors of such BABs, who may have purchased the securities at prices above par, and may require such investors to reinvest redemption proceeds in lower-yielding securities. As of the date of this report, the Trust did not own any BABs subject to a par value extraordinary call feature. Additionally, many BABs also have more typical call provisions that permit early redemption at a stated spread to an applicable prevailing U.S. Treasury rate. Early redemptions in accordance with these call provisions may likewise result in potential losses for the Trust and give rise to reinvestment risk, which could reduce the Trust’s income and distributions.
No assurance can be given that the Trust’s investment objective will be achieved.
Common Shares [Member]                  
General Description of Registrant [Abstract]                  
Lowest Price or Bid $ 14.43 $ 14.84 $ 16.44 $ 17.15 $ 15.91 $ 16.35 $ 17.59 $ 20.63  
Highest Price or Bid 16.59 16.70 18.11 18.30 18.76 20.10 21.91 25.93  
Lowest Price or Bid, NAV 15.92 16.60 17.71 17.75 16.47 17.05 18.79 21.74  
Highest Price or Bid, NAV $ 17.99 $ 17.90 $ 18.53 $ 18.75 $ 17.53 $ 19.12 $ 21.84 $ 24.92  
Highest Price or Bid, Premium (Discount) to NAV [Percent] (7.78%) (6.70%) (2.27%) (2.40%) 7.02% 5.13% 0.32% 4.05%  
Lowest Price or Bid, Premium (Discount) to NAV [Percent] (9.36%) (10.60%) (7.17%) (3.38%) (3.40%) (4.11%) (6.39%) (5.11%)  
Share Price $ 16.26               $ 16.26
NAV Per Share $ 18.07               $ 18.07
Latest Premium (Discount) to NAV [Percent]                 (10.02%)
Note 1 [Member]                  
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]                  
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block]                 as a percentage of offering price
Note 2 [Member]                  
Other Annual Expenses [Abstract]                  
Basis of Transaction Fees, Note [Text Block]                 as a percentage of net assets attributable to common shares
Shares outstanding [Member]                  
Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract]                  
Outstanding Security, Held [Shares]                 61,792,514
[1] If the common shares are sold to or through underwriters, the Prospectus Supplement will set forth any applicable sales load and the estimated offering expenses. Trust shareholders will pay all offering expenses involved with an offering.
[2] Computershare Trust Company, N.A. (the “Reinvestment Plan Agent”) fees for the handling of the reinvestment of dividends will be paid by BBN. However, shareholders will pay a $0.02 per share fee incurred in connection with open-market purchases, which will be deducted from the value of the dividend. Shareholders will also be charged a $2.50 sales fee and pay a $0.15 per share fee if a shareholder directs the Reinvestment Plan Agent to sell the common shares held in a dividend reinvestment account. Per share fees include any applicable brokerage commissions the Reinvestment Plan Agent is required to pay.
[3] BBN and the Manager have entered into a fee waiver agreement (the “Fee Waiver Agreement”), pursuant to which the Manager has contractually agreed to waive the investment advisory fees with respect to any portion of BBN’s assets attributable to investments in any equity and fixed-income mutual funds and ETFs managed by the Manager or its affiliates that have a contractual fee, through June 30, 2025. In addition, pursuant to the Fee Waiver Agreement, the Manager has contractually agreed to waive its investment advisory fees by the amount of investment advisory fees BBN pays to the Manager indirectly through its investment in money market funds managed by the Manager or its affiliates, through June 30, 2025. The Fee Waiver Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, only by BBN (upon the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), of BBN (the “Independent Trustees”)) or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of BBN), upon 90 days’ written notice by BBN to the Manager.
[4] BBN currently pays the Manager a monthly fee at an annual contractual investment advisory fee rate of 0.55% of its average daily managed assets. For purposes of calculating this fee, “managed assets” means the total assets of BBN (including any assets attributable to money borrowed for investment purposes) less the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than money borrowed for investment purposes).
[5] Assumes the use of uses leverage in the form of reverse repurchase agreements representing 31.0% of Managed Assets at an annual interest expense to BBN of 5.39%, which is based on current market conditions. The actual amount of interest expense borne by BBN will vary over time in accordance with the level of BBN’s use of reverse repurchase agreements and variations in market interest rates. Interest expense is required to be treated as an expense of BBN for accounting purposes.
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