proceeds of $552,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the IPO, we consummated the sale of 14,040,000 Private Placement Warrants to the Sponsor at a price of $1.00 per warrant, generating gross proceeds of $14,040,000.
Following the IPO, the exercise of the over-allotment option and the sale of the Private Placement Warrants, a total of $552,000,000 was placed in the trust account. We incurred $29,883,354 in transaction costs, including $10,048,000 of underwriting fees, net of $992,000 reimbursed from the underwriters, $19,320,000 of deferred underwriting fees and $515,354 of other costs.
As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and marketable securities held in the trust account of $558,882,227 (including $8,139,227 of interest income partially offset by permitted withdrawals of $1,257,000) consisting of U.S. Treasury Bills with a maturity of 185 days or less. Interest income on the balance in the trust account may be used by us to pay taxes and to pay working capital expenses subject to an annual limit of $1,000,000 (to the extent available). The Company withdrew $1,257,000 to pay tax obligations and fund working capital needs, during the year ended December 31, 2022.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash used in operating activities was $894,415. Net income of $29,196,383 was affected by a change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $24,327,600, interest earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $8,012,147, deferred tax provision of $334,099 and an unrealized gain on marketable securities held in the trust account of $11,277. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided $1,903,573 of cash for operating activities.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, cash used in operating activities was $2,450,346. Net loss of $3,357,927 was affected by the change in fair value of warrant liabilities of $973,200, the portion of the offering costs allocable to the warrant liabilities of $598,246, interest earned on marketable securities held in the trust account of $129,753 and an unrealized gain on marketable securities held in the trust account of $8,604. Changes in operating assets and liabilities used $525,508 of cash for operating activities.
In February 2023, we instructed the trustee with respect to the trust account to liquidate the marketable securities held in the trust account and thereafter to hold all funds in the trust account in cash. As a result, we will receive minimal interest, if any, on the funds held in the trust account. We intend to use substantially all of the funds held in the trust account, including any amounts representing interest earned on the trust account (less deferred underwriting commissions and income taxes payable), to complete our business combination. To the extent that our capital stock or debt is used, in whole or in part, as consideration to complete our business combination, the remaining proceeds held in the trust account will be used as working capital to finance the operations of the target business or businesses, make other acquisitions and pursue our growth strategies.
As of December 31, 2022, we had cash of $1,413,885. We intend to use the funds held outside the trust account primarily to identify and evaluate target businesses, perform business due diligence on prospective target businesses, travel to and from the offices, plants or similar locations of prospective target businesses or their representatives or owners, review corporate documents and material agreements of prospective target businesses, and structure, negotiate and complete a business combination.
In order to fund working capital deficiencies or finance transaction costs in connection with a business combination, the initial stockholders or their affiliates may, but are not obligated to, loan us funds as may be required. If we complete a business combination, we would repay such loaned amounts. In the event that a business combination does not close, we may use a portion of the working capital held outside the trust account to repay such loaned amounts but no proceeds from our trust account would be used for such repayment. Up to $1,500,000 of such loans may be convertible into warrants identical to the Private Placement Warrants, at a price of $1.00 per warrant at the option of the lender.
We do not believe we will need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required for operating our business. However, if our estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking
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