KMT Kennametal Inc

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 6, 2024

Registration No. 333-   

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

Form S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Kennametal Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Kennametal Inc.

525 William Penn Place, Suite 3300

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219

(412) 248-8000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrants’ principal executive offices)

Michelle R. Keating, Esq.

Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel

Kennametal Inc.

525 William Penn Place, Suite 3300

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219

(412) 248-8000

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Danielle Carbone, Esq.

Reed Smith LLP

599 Lexington Avenue

New York, New York 10022

Telephone: (212) 521-5400

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐

Prospectus

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Debt Securities

Warrants

Purchase Contracts

Units

Depositary Shares

The securities covered by this prospectus may be offered and sold, from time to time, by Kennametal Inc. in one or more offerings.

We will provide the specific terms of the specific issue of securities, including the offering price of the securities in one or more supplements to this prospectus at the time of the offering. You should read this prospectus and the prospectus supplement relating to the specific issue of securities, as well as the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein, carefully before you make your investment decision.

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and trades under the symbol “KMT.” Each prospectus supplement will indicate if the securities to be offered thereby will be listed on any securities exchange.

Investing in our securities involves risks. You should carefully read and consider the risk factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” on page 3 of this prospectus, the “Risk Factors” section included in the periodic reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission and in any prospectus supplement relating to a specific offering of securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

We may offer and sell these securities to or through one or more underwriters, dealers or agents as designated from time to time, or directly to purchasers or through a combination of such methods. See “Plan of Distribution”.

The date of this prospectus is November 6, 2024.

Table of Contents

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), as a “well-known seasoned issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) using the shelf registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell, from time to time, an indeterminate amount of any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement, which may be in the form a term sheet, or other offering material that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering, including the specific amounts, prices and terms of the securities offered. The prospectus supplement and any other offering material may also add to, update or change information contained in this prospectus and accordingly, to the extent inconsistent, information in this prospectus is superseded by the information in the prospectus supplement. We urge you to read both this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, together with additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information” before making an investment decision.

The prospectus supplement will describe: the terms of the securities offered, the initial public offering price, the price paid to us for the securities, the net proceeds to us, the manner of distribution and any underwriting compensation and the other specific material terms related to the offering of the securities. For more detail about the terms of the securities, you should read the exhibits filed with or incorporated by reference in our registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of the documents referred to herein have been filed, or will be filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information”.

Because we are a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act, we may add to and offer additional securities, including those to be sold by security holders, by filing a prospectus supplement with the SEC at the time of the offering.

We have not authorized any person to provide you with any information or to make any representation other than as contained in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement and the information incorporated by reference herein and therein. We do not take any responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any information that others may provide you. The information appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement or the date of the document in which incorporated information appears. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

We are not making an offer to sell or soliciting an offer to purchase these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Except as otherwise specifically noted or unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Kennametal Inc. and its subsidiaries.

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KENNAMETAL INC.

With more than 85 years of materials expertise, are a global industrial technology leader, that helps customers across the Aerospace & Defense, Earthworks, Energy, General Engineering and Transportation end markets build their products with precision and efficiency.

Our core expertise includes the development and application of tungsten carbides, ceramics, super-hard materials and solutions used in metal cutting and extreme wear applications to keep customers up and running longer against conditions such as corrosion and high temperatures. We bring together material science, technical expertise, innovation and customer service in a way that allows us to anticipate customers’ needs and help them overcome problems and achieve their manufacturing objectives.

Our standard and custom product offering spans metal cutting and wear applications including turning, milling, hole making, tooling systems and services, as well as specialized wear components and metallurgical powders. End users of our metal cutting products include manufacturers engaged in a diverse array of industries including: transportation vehicles and components, machine tools and light and heavy machinery; airframe and aerospace components; and energy-related components for the oil and gas industry, as well as power generation. Our wear and metallurgical powders are used by producers and suppliers in equipment-intensive operations such as road construction, mining, quarrying, oil and gas exploration, refining, production and supply, and for aerospace and defense.

We operate in two segments: Metal Cutting and Infrastructure.

Our principal executive offices are located at 600 525 William Penn Place, Suite 3300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, and our telephone number is (412) 248-8000. Our corporate center and Technology Center are located at 1600 Technology Way, P.O. Box 231, Latrobe, Pennsylvania, 15650. Our Internet address is www.kennametal.com. Information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated in this prospectus, or any accompanying prospectus supplement or any document incorporated by reference herein or therein.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves risks. Before you decide whether to purchase any of our securities, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties set forth Part I, Item 1A. under the heading “Risk Factors” included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in Part II, Item 1A. under the heading “Risk Factors” included in any Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and any Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC after the end of the fiscal year covered by such Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any prospectus supplement. Additional risk factors that you should carefully consider also may be included in a prospectus supplement relating to an offering of our securities as well as the other documents filed with the SEC that are incorporated by reference herein or therein. For more information, see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus.

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NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and any document incorporated by reference herein or therein, contain “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Statements and financial discussion and analysis contained in the prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference herein that are not historical facts are “forward-looking statements”. For example, statements about Kennametal’s expectations regarding future growth and any statements regarding future operating or financial performance or events are forward-looking. We have also included forward-looking statements in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference concerning, among other things, our strategy, goals, plans and projections regarding our financial position, liquidity and capital resources, results of operations, market position, and product development. Any forward-looking statements are based on current knowledge, expectations and estimates that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize or should the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements prove incorrect, our actual results could vary materially from our current expectations. There are a number of factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. They include: uncertainties related to changes in macroeconomic and/or global conditions, including as a result of increased inflation and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the resulting sanctions on Russia, the conflict between Israel and Gaza; other economic recession; our ability to achieve all anticipated benefits of restructuring, simplification and modernization initiatives; Commercial Excellence growth initiatives, Operational Excellence initiatives, our foreign operations and international markets, such as currency exchange rates, different regulatory environments, trade barriers, exchange controls, and social and political instability, including the conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza; changes in the regulatory environment in which we operate, including environmental, health and safety regulations; potential for future goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges; our ability to protect and defend our intellectual property; continuity of information technology infrastructure; competition; our ability to retain our management and employees; demands on management resources; availability and cost of the raw materials we use to manufacture our products; product liability claims; integrating acquisitions and achieving the expected savings and synergies; global or regional catastrophic events; demand for and market acceptance of our products; business divestitures; energy costs; commodity prices; labor relations; and implementation of environmental remediation matters.

We provide additional information about many of the specific risks we face in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as updated in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q, and in other periodic reports we file from time to time with the SEC and under the heading “Risk Factors” herein and in any accompanying prospectus supplement.

We can give no assurance that any goal or plan set forth in forward-looking statements can be achieved and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions to forward-looking statements as a result of future events or developments.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities for general corporate purposes, which may include, without limitation, working capital, acquisitions, retirement of outstanding debt, capital expenditures and other business opportunities or such other purposes as may be specified in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to such offering.

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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

The following description summarizes the general terms and provisions of the securities that Kennametal may offer from time to time pursuant to this prospectus. These summaries are not a complete description of each security. At the time of an offering and sale, this prospectus together with the accompanying prospectus supplement will contain the material terms of the securities being offered. In this section, “Kennametal” refers to Kennametal, excluding its subsidiaries, unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires.

DESCRIPTION OF KENNAMETAL CAPITAL STOCK

The following summary of the terms of Kennametal’s capital stock is not complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the relevant provisions of the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (the “Articles”), and our Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”). Copies of the Articles and Bylaws have been filed with the SEC, are incorporated herein by reference. See “Where you can find more information.”

General

Our authorized capital stock consists of 120,000,000 shares of capital stock, par value $1.25 per share (the “common stock”), and 5,000,000 shares of Class A Preferred Stock, without par value (the “preferred stock”). The rights and preferences of the preferred stock may be established from time to time by our board of directors (the “Board of Directors” or “Board”). As of July 31, 2024, 77,900,791 shares of common stock were outstanding and were held by approximately 1,252 record holders. No shares of preferred stock were issued or outstanding as of July 31, 2024.

Common Stock

Each share of our common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters requiring a vote of shareholders and, subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock, each shareholder is entitled to receive any dividends, in cash, securities or property, as our Board may declare. Pennsylvania law prohibits the payment of dividends or the repurchase of our shares if we are insolvent or if we would become insolvent after the dividend or repurchase. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, either voluntarily or involuntarily, subject to the rights of the holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to share pro-rata in all of our remaining assets available for distribution. Any common stock issued pursuant to this prospectus will, when issued, be fully paid and nonassessable and will not have, or be subject to, any preemptive or similar rights.

Preferred Stock

Under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the Articles, the Board of Directors, without further action by the shareholders, is authorized to designate and issue, at any time or from time to time, one or more series of preferred stock, to fix and determine the number of shares and the designation of such series, and to fix and determine the voting rights, preferences, qualifications, privileges, limitations, options, conversion rights, restrictions, and other special or relative rights of such series.

If we issue preferred stock, it may rank senior to the common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or amounts upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or both. In addition, shares of preferred stock may have class or series voting rights. Issuances of preferred stock, while providing us with flexibility in connection with general corporate purposes, may, among other things, have an adverse effect on the rights of holders of common stock. Other than as provided by law, in the Articles, in the Bylaws, or in a resolution or resolutions establishing any particular series of preferred stock, the aggregate number of authorized shares of preferred stock may be increased by an amendment to the Articles approved solely by a majority vote of the outstanding shares of common stock.

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Anti-Takeover Provisions in our Articles and Bylaws

Certain provisions of the Articles and Bylaws could have an anti-takeover effect. These provisions are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of our Board of Directors and in the strategies it formulates. These provisions may also discourage an unsolicited takeover of us if the Board of Directors determines that the takeover is not in the best interests of us and our shareholders. These provisions could have the effect of discouraging certain attempts to acquire us or remove incumbent management even if some or a majority of shareholders deemed such an attempt to be in their best interests.

The provisions in the Articles and Bylaws include: (i) a procedure which requires shareholders to nominate directors in advance of a meeting to elect such directors; and (ii) the authority to issue additional shares of common stock or preferred stock without shareholder approval.

The Articles also include a provision requiring the affirmative vote of the holders of 75% of our outstanding stock to approve certain mergers or other business combinations or transactions with five percent shareholders; a provision requiring the affirmative vote of the holders of 75% of our outstanding stock to remove the entire Board of Directors, a class of the Board of Directors, any individual member of the Board of Directors without cause, or to increase the size of the Board of Directors to more than twelve members or decrease the size of the Board of Directors to fewer than eight members; a provision requiring, in the case of repurchases at a premium over market by us from any 4% Shareholder (as defined in the Articles), the affirmative vote of the holders of voting power of an amount of shares equal to the voting power of the 4% Shareholder plus a majority of the voting power of the other shares not held by the 4% Shareholder (subject to limited exceptions); and a provision requiring the affirmative vote of a majority of our outstanding stock held by disinterested shareholders to approve certain business combinations involving a shareholder who beneficially owns more than 10% of the voting power of our then outstanding voting stock, unless certain conditions are satisfied or the transaction is approved by a majority of disinterested directors.

Pursuant to the Articles and the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the Board of Directors is permitted to consider the effects of a change in control on our non-shareholder constituencies, such as our employees, suppliers, and other constituents and the communities in which we operate. Pursuant to this provision, the Board of Directors may be guided by factors in addition to price and other financial considerations.

The Bylaws provide that any shareholder who desires to present a nomination of person(s) for election to the Board of Directors or a proposal of other business at a shareholders’ meeting (a “Proponent”) must first provide timely written notice to the Secretary. The Bylaws set forth the deadlines for submitting such advance notice. As described in the Bylaws, the advance notice must set forth in reasonable detail (i) as to each person the shareholder proposes to nominate for election to the Board of Directors, information concerning the proposed nominee that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of directors in an election contest, or otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, including such nominee’s consent to serve as a director if elected and other specific information called for by the Bylaws, or (ii) as to any other business that the Proponent proposes to bring before the meeting, a description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment), the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting, and any material interest in such business of the Proponent and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made. The advance notice must also include a representation from the Proponent that such person is a shareholder of record and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to present the nomination or other proposal specified in the notice, a description of the Proponent’s beneficial ownership and other financial interests in Kennametal, a description of all arrangements or understandings between the Proponent and any other person or persons (naming such persons) pursuant to which the nomination or other proposal is to be made by the Proponent, and all such information regarding the Proponent’s proposal

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and/or nominee(s) which would have been required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the SEC had the nomination or other proposal been made by the Board of Directors.

PBCL Anti-Takeover Provisions

The Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law (the “PBCL”) contains a number of statutory “anti-takeover” provisions, including Subchapters E, F, G and H of Chapter 25 and Sections 2521, 2524 and 2538 of the PBCL, which apply automatically to a Pennsylvania registered corporation (usually a public company) unless the corporation elects to opt-out of those provisions. We are a Pennsylvania registered corporation, and as a result we are subject to the anti-takeover provisions described below, however, we have elected to opt-out of certain provisions as described below. Descriptions of the anti-takeover provisions are qualified in their entirety by reference to the PBCL.

Subchapter E (relating to control transactions) generally provides that if any person or group acquires 20% or more of our voting power, the remaining holders of voting shares may demand from such person or group the fair value of their voting shares, including a proportionate amount of any control premium.

Subchapter F (relating to business combinations) generally delays for five years and imposes conditions upon “business combinations” between an “interested shareholder” and us. The term “business combination” is defined broadly to include various transactions between a corporation and an interested shareholder including mergers, sales or leases of specified amounts of assets, liquidations, reclassifications and issuances of specified amounts of additional shares of stock of the corporation. An “interested shareholder” is defined generally as the beneficial owner of at least 20% of a corporation’s voting shares.

Section 2521 of the PBCL generally provides that shareholders are not entitled to call special meetings of the shareholders and our Bylaws do not give shareholders any right to call special meetings.

Section 2524 provides that shareholders cannot act by partial written consent unless permitted in the articles of incorporation.

Section 2538 of the PBCL generally establishes certain shareholder approval requirements with respect to specified transactions with “interested shareholders.”

We have elected to opt out of Subchapters G and H of Chapter 25 of the PBCL. Subchapter G would have required a shareholder vote to accord voting rights to control shares acquired by a 20% shareholder in a control-share acquisition. Subchapter H would have required a person or group to disgorge to us any profits received from a sale of our equity securities within 18 months after the person or group acquired, offered to acquire or publicly disclosed an intention to acquire 20% of our voting power or publicly disclosed an intention to acquire control of us.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

Computershare is the Transfer Agent and Registrar for the Common Stock.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

As used in this prospectus, debt securities means the debentures, notes, bonds and other evidences of indebtedness that we may issue separately, upon exercise of a debt warrant, in connection with a purchase contract or as part of a unit, from time to time. The debt securities may either be senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. As required by federal law for all debt securities of companies that are publicly offered, the debt securities will be governed by a document called an “indenture.” An indenture is a contract between a financial institution, acting on your behalf as trustee of the debt securities offered, and Kennametal. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, senior debt securities will be issued under the Indenture, dated as of February 14, 2012, between Kennametal and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Senior Indenture”), and subordinated debt securities may be issued under a “Subordinated Indenture” expected to be entered into between Kennametal and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Subordinated Indenture”). The trustee has two main roles. First, subject to certain limitations on the extent to which the trustee can act on your behalf, the trustee can enforce your rights against Kennametal if Kennametal defaults on its obligations under the indenture. Second, the trustee performs certain administrative duties for Kennametal with respect to the debt securities. The indenture is subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the “Trust Indenture Act”). The Senior Indenture and the form of the Subordinated Indenture have been filed with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this of prospectus is a part and are incorporated by reference in the registration statement. When Kennametal refers to the “indenture” in this prospectus, it is referring to the indenture under which your debt securities are issued, as may be supplemented by any supplemental indenture applicable to your debt securities.

The following description summarizes the general terms and provisions of the indentures and the debt securities that Kennametal may offer pursuant to this prospectus that are common to all series, unless otherwise noted or described in a specific prospectus supplement. You should also read the particular terms of an offering of debt securities, which will be described in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. This summary is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, reference to the terms and provisions of the indenture. If this summary refers to particular provisions in the indenture, such provisions, including the definition of terms, are incorporated by reference in this prospectus as part of this summary. Kennametal urges you to read the indentures and any supplements thereto because these documents, and not this section, define your rights as a holder of debt securities. Because the terms of specific series of debt securities offered may differ from the general information that Kennametal has provided below, you should rely on information in the applicable prospectus supplement that supersedes or contradicts any information below.

In this section, “Kennametal” refers to Kennametal Inc., excluding its subsidiaries, unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires.

General

The debt securities will be Kennametal’s direct unsecured obligations. The senior debt securities will rank equally with all of Kennametal’s other senior unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of Kennametal’s present and future senior indebtedness to the extent and in the manner set forth in the Subordinated Indenture. The debt securities will not be secured by any of the property or assets or Kennametal or any of its subsidiaries. Thus, by owning a debt security, you are one of Kennametal’s unsecured creditors.

Kennametal conducts certain of its operations through its subsidiaries and expects that it will continue to do so. As a result, the cash flow and the consequent ability to service our indebtedness, including the debt securities, is partially dependent upon the earnings of our subsidiaries and the distribution of those earnings or upon the payments of funds by those subsidiaries to Kennametal. Kennametal’s subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any amounts due pursuant to the debt securities or to make funds available to it, whether by dividends, loans or other payments. Paying dividends and making loans

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and advances to Kennametal by its subsidiaries may be subject to contractual or statutory restrictions, are contingent upon the earnings of those subsidiaries and are subject to various business considerations. Any right Kennametal may have to receive assets of any of its subsidiaries upon their liquidation or reorganization (and the consequent right of the holders of our debt securities to participate in those assets) will be effectively subordinated to the claims of such subsidiary’s creditors, including trade creditors.

The indentures do not limit the aggregate principal amount of debt securities that Kennametal may issue and provide that Kennametal may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series, in each case with the same or various maturities, at par or at a discount. Kennametal may issue additional debt securities of a particular series without the consent of the holders of the debt securities of such series outstanding at the time of the issuance. Any such additional debt securities, together with all other outstanding debt securities of that series, will constitute a single series of debt securities under the applicable indenture. The indentures also do not limit Kennametal’s ability to incur other debt.

You should refer to the prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of debt securities for a description of the following terms of the debt securities offered thereby and by this prospectus:

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Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not be listed on any securities exchange and will be issued in fully-registered form without coupons.

Debt securities may be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the federal income tax consequences and special considerations applicable to any such debt securities. The debt securities may also be issued as indexed securities or securities denominated in foreign currencies, currency units or composite currencies, as described in more detail in the prospectus supplement relating to any of the particular debt securities. The prospectus supplement relating to specific debt securities will also describe any special considerations and certain additional tax considerations applicable to such debt securities.

Subordination

The prospectus supplement relating to any offering of subordinated debt securities will describe the specific subordination provisions, including the extent of subordination of payments by us of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on such subordinated debt securities.

The Subordinated Indenture does not limit the issuance of additional senior indebtedness.

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Certain Covenants

Except as set forth below or in any indenture supplemental to the indentures or in a board resolution establishing a series of securities under the indentures, the indentures will not:

Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets

Kennametal may not consolidate, or merge with or into any other corporation, sell, assign, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any person in one transaction or a series of related transactions, unless among other things, (a) either Kennametal is the surviving person or the person formed by or resulting from any such consolidation or merger or the transferee of such properties and assets shall be a corporation, partnership or trust or other entity organized and existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly assume by supplemental indenture, all of the obligations of Kennametal under the debt securities and the indenture and (b) immediately before and after giving effect to such transaction or series of related transactions, no event of default shall have occurred and be continuing.

Events of Default

The following events are defined in the indentures as “Events of Default”:

If an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing with respect to a series of debt securities, either the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series (or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the debt securities of such series) may declare the unpaid principal of and any accrued interest to the date of acceleration on all the outstanding debt securities of such series to be due and payable immediately; provided that, in the case of an Event of Default involving certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, such acceleration is automatic. After such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on acceleration, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, subject to certain conditions, rescind an acceleration and its consequences if (i) all existing Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of the principal and interest of the

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securities of that series that has become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived, (ii) to the extent the payment of such interest is lawful, interest on overdue installments of interest and overdue principal that has become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration have been paid, (iii) the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction and (iv) all payments due to the trustee and any predecessor trustee as required under the indenture have been made. Upon the acceleration of the maturity of original issue discount securities, an amount less than the principal amount thereof may become due and payable. Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to any original issue discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of maturity thereof.

The indentures provide that the trustee shall, after the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to a particular series of debt securities, give notice of such default known to it to the holders of the debt securities within 30 days of its occurrence unless the Event of Default has been cured or waived; provided that the trustee may withhold such notice if such event of default is not a default in the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, and the Board, the executive committee or directors or the trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the holders of such securities of the series.

Kennametal will be required to deliver to the trustee a notice of default within 10 days of the occurrence of any default and an officer’s certificate setting forth the details of the default and the actions Kennametal proposes to take to cure such default.

No holder of any debt securities of any series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to the indentures, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy under the indentures unless:

However, a holder may bring a lawsuit to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such debt securities on the stated maturity date of any debt security.

The holders of a majority in principal amount of a particular series of debt securities outstanding will have the right, subject to certain limitations, to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee with respect to such series or exercising any trust or power conferred to the trustee; provided that such direction will not conflict with law or with the indenture, the trustee may take any other action deemed proper by it which is not inconsistent with such direction, and the trustee need not take any action which might involve the trustee in personal liability or be unduly prejudice to the holders not joining therein. The indentures provide that in case an Event of Default shall occur and be continuing and known to the trustee, the trustee shall exercise such of its rights and powers under the indentures and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs. Subject to such provisions, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the indentures at the request of any of the holders of debt securities of a particular series unless they shall have offered to the trustee security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to the trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request.

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Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

Unless otherwise indicated to the contrary in the applicable prospectus supplement, Kennametal may discharge or defease its obligations under each indenture as set forth below.

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, Kennametal may elect either (1) to defease and be discharged from any and all obligations with respect to the debt securities of or within any series (except for, among other things, the obligation to pay additional amounts, if any, upon the occurrence of certain events of taxation, assessment or governmental charge with respect to payments on debt securities of such series and other obligations to register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of such series, to replace temporary or mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen debt securities, to maintain an office or agency with respect to the debt securities and to hold moneys for payment in trust), or (2) to be released from its obligations with respect to certain covenants applicable to the debt securities of or within any series of debt securities and any omission to comply with such obligations shall not constitute an Event of Default with respect to such series of debt securities upon the deposit with the indenture trustee, in trust for such purpose, of money and/or government obligations which through the payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt securities to maturity. As a condition to defeasance or covenant defeasance, Kennametal must, among other things, deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of such debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance or covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance or covenant defeasance had not occurred. Such opinion of counsel, in the case of defeasance under clause (1) above, must refer to and be based upon a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or a change in applicable federal income tax law occurring after the date of the relevant indenture. In addition, in the case of either defeasance or covenant defeasance, Kennametal must deliver to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect to such defeasance or covenant defeasance have been complied with.

We may exercise our defeasance option with respect to such debt securities notwithstanding our prior exercise of our covenant defeasance option.

Modification and Waiver

Modification and amendments of the indentures may be made by Kennametal and the trustee with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series affected thereby; provided, however, that no such modification or amendment may, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security affected thereby:

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The holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of any series may, on behalf of the holders of all debt securities of such series, waive compliance with certain restrictive provisions of the applicable indenture. The holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may, on behalf of the holders of all debt securities of such series, waive any past default and its consequences under the indenture with respect to the debt securities of such series, except a default:

Notwithstanding the foregoing, without notice to or the consent of any holders of a series of the debt securities, Kennametal may enter into a supplemental indenture to evidence the succession of another corporation to the company and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the company in the indentures, to add covenants for the benefit of the holders, to add additional events of default, to secure the debt securities, to evidence the appointment of a successor trustee, to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency or to correct or supplement any provision which may be inconsistent, to make any change that does not materially adversely affect the interests of the holders of the debt securities of such series.

The Subordinated Indenture may not be amended to alter the subordination of any outstanding subordinated debt securities without the consent of each holder of then outstanding senior indebtedness that would be adversely affected by such amendment.

Payment and Paying Agents

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, payment of interest on a debt security on any interest payment date will be made to the person in whose name a debt security is registered at the close of business on the record date for such interest.

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, principal, interest and premium on the debt securities of a particular series will be payable at the office of such paying agent or paying agents as Kennametal may designate for such purpose from time to time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at Kennametal’s option, payment of any interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto as such address appears in the security register.

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, Kennametal will designate a paying agent to act as paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. All paying agents initially designated by Kennametal for the debt securities of a particular series will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. Kennametal may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the designation of any paying agent or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts, except that Kennametal will be required to maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.

All moneys paid by Kennametal to a paying agent for the payment of the principal, interest or premium on any debt security that remain unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, interest or premium has become due and payable will be repaid to Kennametal upon request, and the holder of such debt security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to Kennametal for payment thereof.

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Denominations, Registrations and Transfer

Unless an otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, debt securities of any series may be issued under a book-entry system in the form of one or more global securities. Each global security will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary, which will be The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York (“DTC”). Global securities will be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.

DTC has advised Kennametal that it is a limited purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State of New York, a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York banking law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC was created to hold securities of its participants and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among its participants through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC’s participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and certain other organizations, some of which (and/or their representatives) own DTC. Access to DTC’s book-entry system is also available to others, such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a participant, either directly or indirectly.

Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for debt securities in definitive registered form, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by DTC for such global security to a nominee of DTC or by a nominee of DTC to DTC or another nominee of DTC or by DTC or any such nominee to a successor of DTC or a nominee of that successor.

The specific terms of DTC arrangement with respect to any debt securities of a series will be described in the relevant prospectus supplement. Kennametal anticipates that the following provisions will apply to all DTC arrangements.

Upon the issuance of a global security, DTC will credit on its book-entry registration and transfer system the respective principal amounts of the debt securities represented by that global security to the participants’ accounts. The accounts to be credited will be designated by the underwriters or agents with respect to the debt securities or by Kennametal if the debt securities are offered and sold directly by it. Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be limited to participants or persons that may hold interests through participants. Ownership of a participant’s interests in a global security will be shown on, and the transfer of that ownership will be effected only through, records maintained by DTC for that global security. Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be shown on, and the transfer of that ownership will be effected only through, records maintained by participants or persons that hold interests through participants. The laws of some jurisdictions require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of those securities in definitive form. These limits and laws may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in a global security.

So long as DTC or its nominee is the registered owner of a global security, DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the global security for all purposes under the indenture. Except as set forth below, owners of beneficial interests in a global security will not be entitled to have debt securities of the series represented by a global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of debt securities of that series in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the indenture.

Principal, premium, if any, on and any interest payments on debt securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee will be made to DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of a global security representing the debt securities. None of Kennametal, the trustee, any paying agent or the security registrar for any debt securities will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the global security or securities for the debt securities or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.

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Kennametal expects that DTC, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium or interest, will credit immediately participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the principal amount of the global security or securities for the debt securities as shown on the records of DTC. Kennametal also expects that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in a global security or securities held through such participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such participants.

A holder of debt securities may only exchange a beneficial interest in a global security for certificated securities registered in the holder’s name if:

Further, if Kennametal so specifies with respect to the debt securities of a series, an owner of a beneficial interest in a global security may, on terms acceptable to Kennametal, receive debt securities in definitive form. In that instance, an owner of a beneficial interest in a global security will be entitled to have debt securities of the series represented by that global security equal in principal amount to such beneficial interest registered in its name and will be entitled to physical delivery of those debt securities in definitive form.

Governing Law

The indentures and debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to its principles of conflicts of laws, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable, in which case the Trust Indenture Act will govern.

Concerning the Trustee

U.S. Bank National Association is the trustee under the Senior Indenture and Kennametal anticipates appointing U.S. Bank National Association as the trustee under the Subordinated Indenture and also as the paying agent, conversion agent, registrar and custodian with regard to the debt securities. The trustee or its affiliates may in the future provide banking and other services to us in the ordinary course of their respective businesses.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms, if any, on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for Kennametal common stock, preferred stock or other debt securities. These terms will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. These provisions may allow or require the number of shares of Kennametal common stock or other securities to be received by the holders of such series of debt securities to be adjusted.

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DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue warrants to our stockholders to purchase shares of our common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities. We may offer warrants separately or together with one or more additional warrants, debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, rights or purchase contracts, or any combination of those securities in the form of units, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the certificates relating to the rights of the series of certificates and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the warrants in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered including, to the extent applicable, the following:

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Warrant Agent

The warrant agent for any warrants we offer will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

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DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS

We may issue purchase contracts, including contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and for us to sell to holders, a specific or variable number of our debt securities, shares of common stock, preferred stock, warrants or rights, or securities of an entity unaffiliated with us, or any combination of the above, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Alternatively, the purchase contracts may obligate us to purchase from holders, and obligate holders to sell to us, a specific or variable number of our debt securities, shares of common stock, warrants, rights or other property, or any combination of the above. The price of the securities or other property subject to the purchase contracts may be fixed at the time the purchase contracts are issued or may be determined by reference to a specific formula described in the purchase contracts. We may issue purchase contracts separately or as a part of units each consisting of a purchase contract and one or more of our other securities described in this prospectus or securities of third parties, including U.S. Treasury securities, securing the holder’s obligations under the purchase contract. The purchase contracts may require us to make periodic payments to holders or vice versa and the payments may be unsecured or pre-funded on some basis. The purchase contracts may require holders to secure the holder’s obligations in a manner specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any purchase contracts in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered, including, to the extent applicable, the following:

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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may issue units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, one or more debt securities, warrants, rights or purchase contacts for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series, in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each security included in the unit. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of units being offered, including:

The provisions described in this section, as well as those set forth in any prospectus supplement or as described under “Description of Capital Stock,” “Description of Debt Securities,” “Description of Warrants,” “Description of Rights” and “Description of Purchase Contracts” will apply to each unit, as applicable, and to any common stock, debt security, warrant, right or purchase contract included in each unit, as applicable.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES

As specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue fractional interests in shares of Preferred Stock, rather than full shares of Preferred Stock, containing such rights and subject to such terms and conditions as we may specify. If we exercise that option, we will provide for a depositary to issue receipts for depositary shares, each of which will represent a fractional interest in a share of Preferred Stock. The shares of Preferred Stock underlying the depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement between us and a bank or trust company depositary that has its principal office in the United States.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Kennametal may sell our securities in one or more of the following ways (or in any combination) from time to time:

The applicable prospectus supplement will contain the terms of the offering of the securities, including:

Any dealers and agents, in addition to any underwriter, participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act, and compensation received by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts.

Any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.

If we use underwriters in the sale of any securities in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered, the securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including:

Unless otherwise stated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase any securities will be conditioned on customary closing conditions and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of such series of securities, if any are purchased.

We may sell the securities through agents from time to time. The prospectus supplement will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities and any commissions we pay to them. Generally, any agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment.

We may authorize underwriters, dealers or agents to solicit offers by certain purchasers to purchase the securities from Kennametal at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement will set forth any commissions we pay for solicitation of these contracts.

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Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled under agreements entered into with Kennametal to indemnification by Kennametal against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments which the underwriters, dealers and agents may be required to make. The terms and conditions of any indemnification or contribution will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Underwriters, dealers and agents may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for Kennametal, our subsidiaries and our affiliates in the ordinary course of business.

Each series of securities other than the Common Stock, which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, will be a new issue of securities and will have no established trading market. We may elect to list any series of securities on an exchange, but, unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we are not obligated to do so.

Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size which creates a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.

The place and time of delivery for securities will be set forth in the prospectus supplement for such securities.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

Kennametal is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and, in accordance therewith, files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Kennametal’s SEC filings are available at the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov or on Kennametal’s website at www.kennametal.com. We have included our website address as an inactive textual reference only. Information on, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this registration statement or prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 we filed with the SEC to register the Kennametal securities we may offer and sell from time to time pursuant to this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus. As allowed by SEC rules, this prospectus does not contain all the information you can find in the registration statement or the exhibits to the registration statement. You may obtain copies of the Form S-3 and exhibits in the manner described above.

Incorporation of SEC Filings

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus. This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents set forth below that Kennametal has previously filed with the SEC (excluding any portions of such documents that have been “furnished” but not filed for purposes of the Exchange Act).

We also incorporate by reference all future filings made by Kennametal pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act with the SEC from the date of this prospectus until the offering of all of the securities covered by a particular prospectus supplement have been completed, other than any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K unless we specifically state in such Current Report that such information is to be considered “filed” under the Exchange Act or we incorporate it by reference into a filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

We will provide to each person to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered, including any beneficial owner, upon the written or oral request of such person, without charge, a copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus (other than certain exhibits). Requests should be directed to: Kennametal Inc. 525 William Penn Place, Suite 3300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, Attention: General Counsel, (412) 248-8000.

Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein, in any other subsequently filed document that also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein or in any accompanying prospectus supplement, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified and superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.

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Any statement made in this prospectus concerning the contents of any contract, agreement or other document is only a summary of the actual contract, agreement or other document. If we have filed or incorporated by reference any contract, agreement or other document as an exhibit to the registration statement, you should read the exhibit for a more complete understanding of the document or matter involved. Each statement regarding a contract, agreement or other document is qualified by reference to the actual document.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Reed Smith LLP, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and New York, New York, will pass upon the validity of the securities to be offered by this prospectus. Certain legal matters with respect to the offered securities will be passed upon for any underwriters, dealers or agents by counsel identified in the related prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

The financial statements and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (which is included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting) incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The following table sets forth the costs and expenses to be borne by the Registrant in connection with the offerings described in this Registration Statement.

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Chapter 17, Subchapter D of the PBCL contains provisions permitting indemnification of certain individuals by a business corporation incorporated in Pennsylvania. Section 1741 of the PBCL provides that unless otherwise restricted in its bylaws, a business corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was a representative of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a representative of another domestic or foreign corporation for profit or not-for-profit, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the action or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement or conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not of itself create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

Section 1742 of the PBCL further provides that unless otherwise restricted in its bylaws, a business corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party, or is threatened to be made a party, to any threatened, pending or completed action by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a representative of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a representative of another domestic or foreign corporation for profit or not-for-profit, partnership, joint

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venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of the action if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation. Indemnification may not be made under this section in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which the person has been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the court of common pleas of the judicial district embracing the county in which the registered office of the corporation is located or the court in which the action was brought determines upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for the expenses that the court of common pleas or other court deems proper.

Section 1743(a) of the PBCL provides that the corporation must indemnify a present or former director or officer of a business corporation against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by them in defending actions contemplated by Sections 1741 and 1742 of the PBCL if the director or officer is successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of such actions. The limitation on the scope of Section 1743(a) of the PBCL to a present or former director or officer applies only to acts occurring after January 3, 2023.

Section 1744 of the PBCL provides that any indemnification made under Sections 1741 or 1742, shall be made by the corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the representative is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in those sections. Such determination shall be made (i) by the board of directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action or proceeding, (ii) if such quorum is not obtainable or if obtainable and a majority vote of a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iii) by the shareholders of the corporation.

Section 1745 of the PBCL states that expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred in defending any action or proceeding referred to in Subchapter D may be paid by a business corporation in advance of the final disposition of the action or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the representative to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized by the PBCL or otherwise. Except as otherwise provided in the corporation’s bylaws, advancement of expenses must be authorized by the board of directors of the corporation and shall not be authorized in connection with proceedings related to transactions with interested directors or officers or interested shareholders (Sections 1728 and 2538 of the PBCL, respectively).

Section 1746 of the PBCL provides that indemnification under the other sections of Subchapter D of the PBCL is not exclusive of other rights that a person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may have under any bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the person under any other provision of law. However, Section 1746 prohibits indemnification in circumstances where the act or failure to act giving rise to the claim for indemnification is determined by a court to have constituted willful misconduct or recklessness.

Section 1747 of the PBCL permits a corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a representative of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a representative of another enterprise, against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by him or her in that capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the person against such liability under Subchapter D of the PBCL.

Kennametal’s Bylaws provide that it is obligated to indemnify directors and officers and other persons designated by the Board of Directors against all reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ fees, and any liability and loss, including judgment, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement incurred in connection with any proceeding. The Bylaws provide that no indemnification shall be made where the act or failure to act giving rise to the claim for indemnification is determined by a court to have constituted willful misconduct or recklessness or where the proceeding has been initiated by an indemnified person and was

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not pre-authorized by the Board of Directors (except in the case where the person is bringing suit against the Company to enforce the indemnification). The Bylaws provide that to the extent required by law, the payment of such expenses incurred by an officer or director in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding may only be made upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such person, to repay all amounts so advanced if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified. The Bylaws also state that the right to indemnification including the right to advancement of expenses is a contract right which will continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer or trustee, and inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person.

As permitted by PBCL Section 1713, Kennametal’s Bylaws provide that directors generally will not be liable for monetary damages for any action taken or failure to take any action unless the director has breached or failed to perform their duties as fiduciaries (the standard of care established by the PBCL), and such failure constitutes self-dealing, willful misconduct or recklessness.

The following documents are exhibits to the Registration Statement:

Item 16. Exhibits

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Item 17. Undertakings

The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;

(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

provided, however, That paragraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the

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purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:

The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Act.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Pittsburgh, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on November 6, 2024.

POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each of the undersigned directors and officers of Kennametal Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation, do hereby constitute and appoint Sanjay Chowbey, Patrick S. Watson and Michelle R. Keating, or any one of them, the undersigned’s true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, severally, with full power of substitution and resubstitution in each, to do any and all acts and things in his or her name and on his or her behalf in his or her respective capacities and to execute any and all instruments for him or her and in his or her name in the capacities indicated below, which said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any one of them, may deem necessary or advisable to enable said corporation to comply with the Securities Act, as amended, and any rules, regulations and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, in connection with this registration statement, including specifically, but without limitation, power and authority to sign for him or her or any of the undersigned in his or her name in the capacities indicated below, any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments, whether pursuant to Rule 462(b) or otherwise) hereto, and each of the undersigned does hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any one of them or any substitute, lawfully shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This Power of Attorney may be executed in any number of counterparts.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below as of November 6, 2024 by the following persons in the capacities indicated:

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II-7

Exhibit 5.1

				Reed Smith LLP 599 Lexington Avenue New York, NY 10022-7650 +1 212 521 5400 Fax +1 212 521 5450 reedsmith.com

November 6, 2024

The Board of Directors

Kennametal Inc.

525 William Penn Place, Suite 3300

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219-2706

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to Kennametal Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the preparation and filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) of an automatic Registration Statement on Form S-3 (such registration statement, including the documents incorporated by reference therein, the “Registration Statement”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the offering from time to time pursuant to Rule 415, as set forth in the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement (the “Prospectus”), and as to be set forth in one or more supplements to the Prospectus (each such supplement, a “Prospectus Supplement”), of the Company’s (i) capital stock, par value $1.25 per share (the “Common Stock”); (ii) preferred stock, without par value (the “Preferred Stock”); (iii) debt securities (the “Debt Securities”); (iv) warrants to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock and/or Debt Securities or any combination thereof (the “Warrants”); (v) purchase contracts, including contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and for us to sell to holders, a specific or variable number of Debt Securities, shares of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Warrants, or any combination of the above (the “Purchase Contracts”); (vi) units consisting of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, one or more Debt Securities, Warrants or Purchase Contracts for the purchase of Common Stock, Preferred Stock and/or Debt Securities in one or more series, in any combination (the “Units”); and (vii) fractional interests in shares of Preferred Stock (the “Depositary Shares”). The Common Stock, the Preferred Stock, the Debt Securities, the Warrants, the Purchase Contracts, the Units and the Depositary Shares are collectively referred to as the “Securities”. Any Debt Securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock or other Securities.

The Debt Securities may either be senior Debt Securities or subordinated Debt Securities. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, senior Debt Securities will be issued under the Indenture, dated as of February 14, 2012, between Kennametal and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), as it may be amended from time to time (the “Senior Indenture”), and subordinated debt securities may be issued under a “Subordinated Indenture” expected to be entered into between Kennametal and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Subordinated Indenture”). The Preferred Stock will be issued in one or more series and the relative powers, designations, preferences, rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such Preferred Stock will be set forth in an amendment to the articles of incorporation. The Warrants will be issued under one or more warrant agreements (each, a “Warrant Agreement”) to be entered into between the Company and the warrant agent appointed by the Company (the “Warrant Agent”). The Purchase Contracts will be issued under one or more purchase contract agreements (each, a “Purchase Contract Agreement”). The Units will be issued pursuant to one or more unit agreements (each, a “Unit Agreement”) to be entered into between the Company and the unit agent appointed by the Company (the “Unit Agent”). The Depositary Shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts (the “Depositary Receipts”) issued under one or more deposit agreements (each, a “Deposit Agreement”) to be entered into between the Company and the depositary appointed by the Company (the “Depositary Agent”). The Senior Indenture, Subordinated Indenture, Certificate of Designation, Warrant

November 6, 2024 Page 2

Agreement, Purchase Contract Agreement, Unit Agreement and Deposit Agreement are hereinafter referred to as the “Securities Documents”.

In that connection, we have reviewed originals or copies of the following documents:

In our review of such documents, we have assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons whose signatures appear on any document, the genuineness of all signatures on original documents, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents.

We also have assumed that (i) each party, other than the Company, to the Securities Documents had or will have the power, whether corporate or otherwise, to enter into and perform their respective obligations thereunder; (ii) each such party has or will have duly authorized, executed and delivered the Securities Documents, (iii) the Securities Documents are, or will be, the valid and binding obligations of each such party, enforceable against each such other party in accordance with their respective terms, (iv) any Securities issuable upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Security being offered will, at the time of such offering or sale, have been duly authorized, created and, if appropriate, reserved for issuance upon such conversion, exchange or exercise; and (v) any Securities issuable upon conversion, exchange or exercise of any Security being offered, when so issued, will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered, against receipt of the consideration approved by the Company which will be no less than the par value thereof.

We have not independently established the validity of the foregoing assumptions.

Based upon the foregoing and subject to the assumptions and qualifications set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:

November 6, 2024 Page 4

The opinions set forth above are subject to the following exceptions, limitations and qualifications: (i) the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium or other similar laws now or hereafter in effect relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors; (ii) the effect of general principles of equity, whether enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law, and the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought; (iii) the unenforceability under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions providing for the indemnification of, or contribution to, a party with respect to a liability where such indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy; (iv) we express no opinion concerning the enforceability of any waiver of rights or defenses with respect to stay, extension or usury laws; and (v) we express no opinion with respect to whether acceleration of any Debt Securities may affect the ability to collect any portion of the stated principal amount thereof which might be determined to constitute unearned interest thereon.

We express no opinion as to the law of any jurisdiction other than the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the substantive laws of the State of New York (without reference to choice of law rules) and the federal law of the United States, all as in effect on the date hereof. We express no opinion herein with respect to compliance by the Company with securities or “blue sky” laws of any state or other jurisdiction of the United States or of any foreign jurisdiction. In addition, we express no opinion and make no statement herein with respect to the antifraud laws of any jurisdiction.

This opinion letter is rendered to you in connection with the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement. This opinion letter may not be relied upon by you for any other purpose without our prior written consent.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act and to the use of this firm’s name therein and in the Prospectus under the caption “Legal Matters.” In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Reed Smith LLP

Reed Smith LLP

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of Kennametal Inc. of our report dated August 12, 2024 relating to the financial statements, financial statement schedule, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Kennametal Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

November 6, 2024

Exhibit 25.1

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM T-1

STATEMENT OF ELIGIBILITY

UNDER THE TRUST INDENTURE ACT OF 1939

OF A CORPORATION DESIGNATED TO ACT AS TRUSTEE

U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

(Exact name of Trustee as specified in its charter)

91-1821036

I.R.S. Employer Identification No.

Robert P. Pavlovic

U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association

225 W. Station Square Drive, Suite 380

Pittsburgh, PA 15219

(412) 552-2140

(Name, address and telephone number of agent for service)

Kennametal Inc.

(Issuer with respect to the Securities)

Debt Securities

(Title of the Indenture Securities)

FORM T-1

Comptroller of the Currency

Washington, D.C.

Yes

None

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, the Trustee, U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, has duly caused this statement of eligibility and qualification to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, all in the City of Pittsburgh, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on the 16^th of October, 2024.

Exhibit 1

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF

U. S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

For the purpose of organizing an association (the “Association”) to perform any lawful activities of national banks, the undersigned enter into the following Articles of Association:

FIRST. The title of this Association shall be U. S. Bank Trust Company, National Association.

SECOND. The main office of the Association shall be in the city of Portland, county of Multnomah, state of Oregon. The business of the Association will be limited to fiduciary powers and the support of activities incidental to the exercise of those powers. The Association may not expand or alter its business beyond that stated in this article without the prior approval of the Comptroller of the Currency.

THIRD. The board of directors of the Association shall consist of not less than five nor more than twenty-five persons, the exact number to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors or by resolution of a majority of the shareholders at any annual or special meeting thereof. Each director shall own common or preferred stock of the Association or of a holding company owning the Association, with an aggregate par, fair market, or equity value of not less than $1,000, as of either (i) the date of purchase, (ii) the date the person became a director, or (iii) the date of that person’s most recent election to the board of directors, whichever is more recent. Any combination of common or preferred stock of the Association or holding company may be used.

Any vacancy in the board of directors may be filled by action of a majority of the remaining directors between meetings of shareholders. The board of directors may increase the number of directors up to the maximum permitted by law. Terms of directors, including directors selected to fill vacancies, shall expire at the next regular meeting of shareholders at which directors are elected, unless the directors resign or are removed from office. Despite the expiration of a director’s term, the director shall continue to serve until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until there is a decrease in the number of directors and his or her position is eliminated.

Honorary or advisory members of the board of directors, without voting power or power of final decision in matters concerning the business of the Association, may be appointed by resolution of a majority of the full board of directors, or by resolution of shareholders at any annual or special meeting. Honorary or advisory directors shall not be counted to determined the number of directors of the Association or the presence of a quorum in connection with any board action, and shall not be required to own qualifying shares.

FOURTH. There shall be an annual meeting of the shareholders to elect directors and transact whatever other business may be brought before the meeting. It shall be held at the main office or any other convenient place the board of directors may designate, on the day of each year specified therefor in the Bylaws, or if that day falls on a legal holiday in the state in which the

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Association is located, on the next following banking day. If no election is held on the day fixed or in the event of a legal holiday on the following banking day, an election may be held on any subsequent day within 60 days of the day fixed, to be designated by the board of directors, or, if the directors fail to fix the day, by shareholders representing two-thirds of the shares issued and outstanding. In all cases, at least 10 days’ advance notice of the meeting shall be given to the shareholders by first-class mail.

In all elections of directors, the number of votes each common shareholder may cast will be determined by multiplying the number of shares he or she owns by the number of directors to be elected. Those votes may be cumulated and cast for a single candidate or may be distributed among two or more candidates in the manner selected by the shareholder. On all other questions, each common shareholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by him or her.

A director may resign at any time by delivering written notice to the board of directors, its chairperson, or to the Association, which resignation shall be effective when the notice is delivered unless the notice specifies a later effective date.

A director may be removed by the shareholders at a meeting called to remove him or her, when notice of the meeting stating that the purpose or one of the purposes is to remove him or her is provided, if there is a failure to fulfill one of the affirmative requirements for qualification, or for cause; provided, however, that a director may not be removed if the number of votes sufficient to elect him or her under cumulative voting is voted against his or her removal.

FIFTH. The authorized amount of capital stock of the Association shall be 1,000,000 shares of common stock of the par value of ten dollars ($10) each; but said capital stock may be increased or decreased from time to time, according to the provisions of the laws of the United States. The Association shall have only one class of capital stock.

No holder of shares of the capital stock of any class of the Association shall have any preemptive or preferential right of subscription to any shares of any class of stock of the Association, whether now or hereafter authorized, or to any obligations convertible into stock of the Association, issued, or sold, nor any right of subscription to any thereof other than such, if any, as the board of directors, in its discretion, may from time to time determine and at such price as the board of directors may from time to time fix.

Transfers of the Association’s stock are subject to the prior written approval of a federal depository institution regulatory agency. If no other agency approval is required, the approval of the Comptroller of the Currency must be obtained prior to any such transfers.

Unless otherwise specified in the Articles of Association or required by law, (1) all matters requiring shareholder action, including amendments to the Articles of Association must be approved by shareholders owning a majority voting interest in the outstanding voting stock, and (2) each shareholder shall be entitled to one vote per share.

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Unless otherwise specified in the Articles of Association or required by law, all shares of voting stock shall be voted together as a class, on any matters requiring shareholder approval.

Unless otherwise provided in the Bylaws, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting is the close of business on the day before the first notice is mailed or otherwise sent to the shareholders, provided that in no event may a record date be more than 70 days before the meeting.

The Association, at any time and from time to time, may authorize and issue debt obligations, whether subordinated, without the approval of the shareholders. Obligations classified as debt, whether subordinated, which may be issued by the Association without the approval of shareholders, do not carry voting rights on any issue, including an increase or decrease in the aggregate number of the securities, or the exchange or reclassification of all or part of securities into securities of another class or series.

SIXTH. The board of directors shall appoint one of its members president of this Association and one of its members chairperson of the board and shall have the power to appoint one or more vice presidents, a secretary who shall keep minutes of the directors’ and shareholders’ meetings and be responsible for authenticating the records of the Association, and such other officers and employees as may be required to transact the business of this Association. A duly appointed officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant officers if authorized by the board of directors in accordance with the Bylaws.

The board of directors shall have the power to:

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SEVENTH. The board of directors shall have the power to change the location of the main office to any authorized branch within the limits of the city of Portland, Oregon, without the approval of the shareholders, or with a vote of shareholders owning two-thirds of the stock of the Association for a location outside such limits and upon receipt of a certificate of approval from the Comptroller of the Currency, to any other location within or outside the limits of the city of Portland, Oregon, but not more than thirty miles beyond such limits. The board of directors shall have the power to establish or change the location of any office or offices of the Association to any other location permitted under applicable law, without approval of shareholders, subject to approval by the Comptroller of the Currency.

EIGHTH. The corporate existence of this Association shall continue until termination according to the laws of the United States.

NINTH. The board of directors of the Association, or any shareholder owning, in the aggregate, not less than 25 percent of the stock of the Association, may call a special meeting of shareholders at any time. Unless otherwise provided by the Bylaws or the laws of the United States, or waived by shareholders, a notice of the time, place, and purpose of every annual and special meeting of the shareholders shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed at least 10, and no more than 60, days prior to the date of the meeting to each shareholder of record at his/her address as shown upon the books of the Association. Unless otherwise provided by the Bylaws, any action requiring approval of shareholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting.

TENTH. These Articles of Association may be amended at any regular or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the stock of the Association, unless the vote of the holders of a greater amount of stock is required by law, and in that case by the vote of the holders of such greater amount; provided, that the scope of the Association’s activities and services may not be expanded without the prior written approval of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Association’s board of directors may propose one or more amendments to the Articles of Association for submission to the shareholders.

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In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands this 11^th of June, 1997.

Exhibit 2

Exhibit 4

U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

ARTICLE I

Meetings of Shareholders

Section 1.1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the shareholders, for the election of directors and the transaction of any other proper business, shall be held at a time and place as the Chairman or President may designate. Notice of such meeting shall be given not less than ten (10) days or more than sixty (60) days prior to the date thereof, to each shareholder of the Association, unless the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “OCC”) determines that an emergency circumstance exists. In accordance with applicable law, the sole shareholder of the Association is permitted to waive notice of the meeting. If, for any reason, an election of directors is not made on the designated day, the election shall be held on some subsequent day, as soon thereafter as practicable, with prior notice thereof. Failure to hold an annual meeting as required by these Bylaws shall not affect the validity of any corporate action or work a forfeiture or dissolution of the Association.

Section 1.2. Special Meetings. Except as otherwise specially provided by law, special meetings of the shareholders may be called for any purpose, at any time by a majority of the board of directors (the “Board”), or by any shareholder or group of shareholders owning at least ten percent of the outstanding stock.

Every such special meeting, unless otherwise provided by law, shall be called upon not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days prior notice stating the purpose of the meeting.

Section 1.3. Nominations for Directors. Nominations for election to the Board may be made by the Board or by any shareholder.

Section 1.4. Proxies. Shareholders may vote at any meeting of the shareholders by proxies duly authorized in writing. Proxies shall be valid only for one meeting and any adjournments of such meeting and shall be filed with the records of the meeting.

Section 1.5. Record Date. The record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice and to vote at any meeting will be thirty days before the date of such meeting, unless otherwise determined by the Board.

Section 1.6. Quorum and Voting. A majority of the outstanding capital stock, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of shareholders, unless otherwise provided by law, but less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice. A majority of the votes cast shall decide every question or matter submitted to the shareholders at any meeting, unless otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Association.

Section 1.7. Inspectors. The Board may, and in the event of its failure so to do, the Chairman of the Board may appoint Inspectors of Election who shall determine the presence of quorum, the validity of proxies, and the results of all elections and all other matters voted upon by shareholders at all annual and special meetings of shareholders.

Section 1.8. Waiver and Consent. The shareholders may act without notice or a meeting by a unanimous written consent by all shareholders.

Section 1.9. Remote Meetings. The Board shall have the right to determine that a shareholder meeting not be held at a place, but instead be held solely by means of remote communication in the manner and to the extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

ARTICLE II

Directors

Section 2.1. Board of Directors. The Board shall have the power to manage and administer the business and affairs of the Association. Except as expressly limited by law, all corporate powers of the Association shall be vested in and may be exercised by the Board.

Section 2.2. Term of Office. The directors of this Association shall hold office for one year and until their successors are duly elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal.

Section 2.3. Powers. In addition to the foregoing, the Board shall have and may exercise all of the powers granted to or conferred upon it by the Articles of Association, the Bylaws and by law.

Section 2.4. Number. As provided in the Articles of Association, the Board of this Association shall consist of no less than five nor more than twenty-five members, unless the OCC has exempted the Association from the twenty-five- member limit. The Board shall consist of a number of members to be fixed and determined from time to time by resolution of the Board or the shareholders at any meeting thereof, in accordance with the Articles of Association. Between meetings of the shareholders held for the purpose of electing directors, the Board

by a majority vote of the full Board may increase the size of the Board but not to more than a total of twenty-five directors, and fill any vacancy so created in the Board; provided that the Board may increase the number of directors only by up to two directors, when the number of directors last elected by shareholders was fifteen or fewer, and by up to four directors, when the number of directors last elected by shareholders was sixteen or more. Each director shall own a qualifying equity interest in the Association or a company that has control of the Association in each case as required by applicable law. Each director shall own such qualifying equity interest in his or her own right and meet any minimum threshold ownership required by applicable law.

Section 2.5. Organization Meeting. The newly elected Board shall meet for the purpose of organizing the new Board and electing and appointing such officers of the Association as may be appropriate. Such meeting shall be held on the day of the election or as soon thereafter as practicable, and, in any event, within thirty days thereafter, at such time and place as the Chairman or President may designate. If, at the time fixed for such meeting, there shall not be a quorum present, the directors present may adjourn the meeting until a quorum is obtained.

Section 2.6. Regular Meetings. The regular meetings of the Board shall be held, without notice, as the Chairman or President may designate and deem suitable.

Section 2.7. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board may be called at any time, at any place and for any purpose by the Chairman of the Board or the President of the Association, or upon the request of a majority of the entire Board. Notice of every special meeting of the Board shall be given to the directors at their usual places of business, or at such other addresses as shall have been furnished by them for the purpose. Such notice shall be given at least twelve hours (three hours if meeting is to be conducted by conference telephone) before the meeting by telephone or by being personally delivered, mailed, or electronically delivered. Such notice need not include a statement of the business to be transacted at, or the purpose of, any such meeting.

Section 2.8. Quorum and Necessary Vote. A majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the Board, except when otherwise provided by law; but less than a quorum may adjourn any meeting, from time to time, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice. Unless otherwise provided by law or the Articles or Bylaws of this Association, once a quorum is established, any act by a majority of those directors present and voting shall be the act of the Board.

Section 2.9. Written Consent. Except as otherwise required by applicable laws and regulations, the Board may act without a meeting by a unanimous written consent by all directors, to be filed with the Secretary of the Association as part of the corporate records.

Section 2.10. Remote Meetings. Members of the Board, or of any committee thereof, may participate in a meeting of such Board or committee by means of conference telephone, video or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other and such participation shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

Section 2.11. Vacancies. When any vacancy occurs among the directors, the remaining members of the Board may appoint a director to fill such vacancy at any regular meeting of the Board, or at a special meeting called for that purpose.

ARTICLE III

Committees

Section 3.1. Advisory Board of Directors. The Board may appoint persons, who need not be directors, to serve as advisory directors on an advisory board of directors established with respect to the business affairs of either this Association alone or the business affairs of a group of affiliated organizations of which this Association is one. Advisory directors shall have such powers and duties as may be determined by the Board, provided, that the Board’s responsibility for the business and affairs of this Association shall in no respect be delegated or diminished.

Section 3.2. Trust Audit Committee. At least once during each calendar year, the Association shall arrange for a suitable audit (by internal or external auditors) of all significant fiduciary activities under the direction of its trust audit committee, a function that will be fulfilled by the Audit Committee of the financial holding company that is the ultimate parent of this Association. The Association shall note the results of the audit (including significant actions taken as a result of the audit) in the minutes of the Board. In lieu of annual audits, the Association may adopt a continuous audit system in accordance with 12 C.F.R. § 9.9(b).

The Audit Committee of the financial holding company that is the ultimate parent of this Association, fulfilling the function of the trust audit committee:

(1) Must not include any officers of the Association or an affiliate who participate significantly in the administration of the Association’s fiduciary activities; and

(2) Must consist of a majority of members who are not also members of any committee to which the Board has delegated power to manage and control the fiduciary activities of the Association.

Section 3.3. Executive Committee. The Board may appoint an Executive Committee which shall consist of at least three directors and which shall have, and may exercise, to the extent permitted by applicable law, all the powers of the Board between meetings of the Board or otherwise when the Board is not meeting.

Section 3.4. Trust Management Committee. The Board of this Association shall appoint a Trust Management Committee to provide oversight of the fiduciary activities of the Association. The Trust Management Committee shall determine policies governing fiduciary activities. The Trust Management Committee or such sub-committees, officers or others as may be duly designated by the Trust Management Committee shall oversee the processes related to fiduciary activities to assure conformity with fiduciary policies it establishes, including ratifying the acceptance and the closing out or relinquishment of all trusts. The Trust Management Committee will provide regular reports of its activities to the Board.

Section 3.5. Other Committees. The Board may appoint, from time to time, committees of one or more persons who need not be directors, for such purposes and with such powers as the Board may determine; however, the Board will not delegate to any committee any powers or responsibilities that it is prohibited from delegating under any law or regulation. In addition, either the Chairman or the President may appoint, from time to time, committees of one or more officers, employees, agents or other persons, for such purposes and with such powers as either the Chairman or the President deems appropriate and proper. Whether appointed by the Board, the Chairman, or the President, any such committee shall at all times be subject to the direction and control of the Board.

Section 3.6. Meetings, Minutes and Rules. An advisory board of directors and/or committee shall meet as necessary in consideration of the purpose of the advisory board of directors or committee, and shall maintain minutes in sufficient detail to indicate actions taken or recommendations made; unless required by the members, discussions, votes or other specific details need not be reported. An advisory board of directors or a committee may, in consideration of its purpose, adopt its own rules for the exercise of any of its functions or authority.

ARTICLE IV

Officers

Section 4.1. Chairman of the Board. The Board may appoint one of its members to be Chairman of the Board to serve at the pleasure of the Board. The Chairman shall supervise the carrying out of the policies adopted or approved by the Board; shall have general executive powers, as well as the specific powers conferred by these Bylaws; and shall also have and may exercise such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned by the Board.

Section 4.2. President. The Board may appoint one of its members to be President of the Association. In the absence of the Chairman, the President shall preside at any meeting of the Board. The President shall have general executive powers, and shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation or practice, to the office of President, or imposed by these Bylaws. The President shall also have and may exercise such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred or assigned by the Board.

Section 4.3. Vice President. The Board may appoint one or more Vice Presidents who shall have such powers and duties as may be assigned by the Board and to perform the duties of the President on those occasions when the President is absent, including presiding at any meeting of the Board in the absence of both the Chairman and President.

Section 4.4. Secretary. The Board shall appoint a Secretary, or other designated officer who shall be Secretary of the Board and of the Association, and shall keep accurate minutes of all meetings. The Secretary shall attend to the giving of all notices required by these Bylaws to be given; shall be custodian of the corporate seal, records, documents and papers of the Association; shall provide for the keeping of proper records of all transactions of the Association; shall, upon request, authenticate any records of the Association; shall have and may exercise any and all other powers and duties pertaining by law, regulation or practice, to the Secretary, or imposed by these Bylaws; and shall also perform such other duties as may be assigned from time to time by the Board. The Board may appoint one or more Assistant Secretaries with such powers and duties as the Board, the President or the Secretary shall from time to time determine.

Section 4.5. Other Officers. The Board may appoint, and may authorize the Chairman, the President or any other officer to appoint, any officer as from time to time may appear to the Board, the Chairman, the President or such other officer to be required or desirable to transact the business of the Association. Such officers shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as pertain to their several offices, or as may be conferred upon or assigned to them by these Bylaws, the Board, the Chairman, the President or such other authorized officer. Any person may hold two offices.

Section 4.6. Tenure of Office. The Chairman or the President and all other officers shall hold office until their respective successors are elected and qualified or until their earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal from office, subject to the right of the Board or authorized officer to discharge any officer at any time.

ARTICLE V

Stock

Section 5.1. The Board may authorize the issuance of stock either in certificated or in uncertificated form. Certificates for shares of stock shall be in such form as the Board may from time to time prescribe. If the Board issues certificated stock, the certificate shall be signed by the President, Secretary or any other such officer as the Board so determines. Shares of stock shall be transferable on the books of the Association, and a transfer book shall be kept in which all transfers of stock shall be recorded. Every person becoming a shareholder by such transfer shall, in proportion to such person’s shares, succeed to all rights of the prior holder of such shares. Each certificate of stock shall recite on its face that the stock represented thereby is transferable only upon the books of the Association properly endorsed. The Board may impose conditions upon the transfer of the stock reasonably calculated to simplify the work of the Association for stock transfers, voting at shareholder meetings, and related matters, and to protect it against fraudulent transfers.

ARTICLE VI

Corporate Seal

Section 6.1. The Association shall have no corporate seal; provided, however, that if the use of a seal is required by, or is otherwise convenient or advisable pursuant to, the laws or regulations of any jurisdiction, the following seal may be used, and the Chairman, the President, the Secretary and any Assistant Secretary shall have the authority to affix such seal:

ARTICLE VII

Miscellaneous Provisions

Section 7.1. Execution of Instruments. All agreements, checks, drafts, orders, indentures, notes, mortgages, deeds, conveyances, transfers, endorsements, assignments, certificates, declarations, receipts, discharges, releases, satisfactions, settlements, petitions, schedules, accounts, affidavits, bonds, undertakings, guarantees, proxies and other instruments or documents may be signed, countersigned, executed, acknowledged, endorsed, verified, delivered or accepted on behalf of the Association, whether in a fiduciary capacity or otherwise, by any officer of the Association, or such employee or agent as may be designated from time to time by the Board by resolution, or by the Chairman or the President by written instrument, which resolution or instrument shall be certified as in effect by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Association. The provisions of this section are supplementary to any other provision of the Articles of Association or Bylaws.

Section 7.2. Records. The Articles of Association, the Bylaws as revised or amended from time to time and the proceedings of all meetings of the shareholders, the Board, and standing committees of the Board, shall be recorded in appropriate minute books provided for the purpose. The minutes of each meeting shall be signed by the Secretary, or other officer appointed to act as Secretary of the meeting.

Section 7.3. Trust Files. There shall be maintained in the Association files all fiduciary records necessary to assure that its fiduciary responsibilities have been properly undertaken and discharged.

Section 7.4. Trust Investments. Funds held in a fiduciary capacity shall be invested according to the instrument establishing the fiduciary relationship and according to law. Where such instrument does not specify the character and class of investments to be made and does not vest in the Association a discretion in the matter, funds held pursuant to such instrument shall be invested in investments in which corporate fiduciaries may invest under law.

Section 7.5. Notice. Whenever notice is required by the Articles of Association, the Bylaws or law, such notice shall be by mail, postage prepaid, e- mail, in person, or by any other means by which such notice can reasonably be expected to be received, using the address of the person to receive such notice, or such other personal data, as may appear on the records of the Association.

Except where specified otherwise in these Bylaws, prior notice shall be proper if given not more than 30 days nor less than 10 days prior to the event for which notice is given.

ARTICLE VIII

Indemnification

Section 8.1. The Association shall indemnify such persons for such liabilities in such manner under such circumstances and to such extent as permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, as now enacted or hereafter amended. The Board may authorize the purchase and maintenance of insurance and/or the execution of individual agreements for the purpose of such indemnification, and the Association shall advance all reasonable costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred in defending any action, suit or proceeding to all persons entitled to indemnification under this Section 8.1. Such insurance shall be consistent with the requirements of 12 C.F.R. § 7.2014 and shall exclude coverage of liability for a formal order assessing civil money penalties against an institution-affiliated party, as defined at 12 U.S.C. § 1813(u).

Section 8.2. Notwithstanding Section 8.1, however, (a) any indemnification payments to an institution-affiliated party, as defined at 12 U.S.C. § 1813(u), for an administrative proceeding or civil action initiated by a federal banking agency, shall be reasonable and consistent with the requirements of 12 U.S.C. § 1828(k) and the implementing regulations thereunder; and (b) any indemnification payments and advancement of costs and expenses to an institution-affiliated party, as defined at 12 U.S.C. § 1813(u), in cases involving an administrative proceeding or civil action not initiated by a federal banking agency, shall be in accordance with Delaware General Corporation Law and consistent with safe and sound banking practices.

ARTICLE IX

Bylaws: Interpretation and Amendment

Section 9.1. These Bylaws shall be interpreted in accordance with and subject to appropriate provisions of law, and may be added to, altered, amended, or repealed, at any regular or special meeting of the Board.

Section 9.2. A copy of the Bylaws and all amendments shall at all times be kept in a convenient place at the principal office of the Association, and shall be open for inspection to all shareholders during Association hours.

ARTICLE X

Miscellaneous Provisions

Section 10.1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Association shall begin on the first day of January in each year and shall end on the thirty-first day of December following.

Section 10.2. Governing Law. This Association designates the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended from time to time, as the governing law for its corporate governance procedures, to the extent not inconsistent with Federal banking statutes and regulations or bank safety and soundness.

***

(February 8, 2021)

Exhibit 6

CONSENT

In accordance with Section 321(b) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the undersigned, U.S. BANK TRUST COMPANY, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION hereby consents that reports of examination of the undersigned by Federal, State, Territorial or District authorities may be furnished by such authorities to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon its request therefor.

Dated: October 16, 2024

Exhibit 7

U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association

Statement of Financial Condition

as of 6/30/2024

($000’s)