BTCY Biotricity Inc (QB)

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)

(Expressed in US dollars)

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Biotricity Inc. (formerly MetaSolutions, Inc.) (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on August 29, 2012. iMedical Innovations Inc. (“iMedical”) was incorporated on July 3, 2014 under the laws of the Province of Ontario, Canada and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Biotricity through reverse take-over.

Both the Company and iMedical are engaged in research and development activities within the remote monitoring segment of preventative care. They are focused on a realizable healthcare business model that has an existing market and commercialization pathway. As such, its efforts to date have been devoted in building technology that enables access to this market through the development of a tangible product.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION, MEASUREMENT AND CONSOLIDATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”) for interim financial information and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of SEC Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with Biotricity’s audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and their accompanying notes.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are expressed in United States dollars (“USD”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented have been reflected herein. Operating results for the interim periods presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending March 31, 2021. The Company’s fiscal year-end is March 31.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Liquidity and Basis of Presentation

The Company is an emerging growth entity that is in the early stages of commercializing its first product and is concurrently in development mode, operating a research and development program in order to develop, obtain regulatory approval for, and commercialize other proposed products. The Company has incurred recurring losses from operations, and as at September 30, 2020, has an accumulated deficit of $52,914,182 and a working capital deficiency of $5,276,690. The Company launched its first commercial sales program as part of a limited market release, during the year ended March 31, 2019, using an experienced professional in-house sales team. A full market release ensued during the year ended March 31, 2020. Management anticipates the Company will attain profitable status and improve its liquidity through continued business development and after additional equity or debt capitalization of the Company. The Company has developed and continues to pursue sources of funding that management believes if successful would be sufficient to support the Company’s operating plan and alleviate any substantial doubt as to its ability to meet its obligations at least for a period of one year from the date of these consolidated financial statements. The Company raised $3,030,620 in promissory notes and short term loans during the year ended March 31, 2020. From December 2019 to June 2020, the Company also issued 8,045 Series A preferred shares, issuing 6,100 of these for cash proceeds of $6,100,000 and 1,945 of these were issued on conversion of $1,945,000 of promissory notes and accrued interest. The Company has also received a Coronavirus relief loan for economic support during COVID-19, including $1,570,900 received during the three months ended June 30, 2020 (see Note 6 – Federally Guaranteed Loans). In July 2020, the Company launched a further private placement offering of convertible notes, which had raised net cash proceeds of $2,905,760 as at September 30, 2020 (Note 5).

The Company’s operating plan is predicated on a variety of assumptions including, but not limited to, the level of product demand, cost estimates, its ability to continue to raise additional financing and the state of the general economic environment in which the Company operates. There can be no assurance that these assumptions will prove to be accurate in all material respects, or that the Company will be able to successfully execute its operating plan. In the absence of additional appropriate financing, the Company may have to modify its operating plan or slow down the pace of development and commercialization of its proposed products.

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Areas involving significant estimates and assumptions include: deferred income tax assets and related valuation allowance, accruals and valuation of derivatives, convertible promissory notes, stock options, and assumptions used in the going concern assessment. Actual results could differ from those estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically, and, as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period in which they become known.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

The Company has adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 260-10 which provides for calculation of “basic” and “diluted” earnings per share. Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity. Diluted earnings per share exclude all potentially dilutive shares if their effect is anti-dilutive. There were no potentially dilutive shares outstanding as at September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands required disclosure about fair value measurements of assets and liabilities. ASC 820-10 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820-10 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

● Level 1 – Valuation based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2 – Valuation based on quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets.

● Level 3 – Valuation based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity, therefore requiring management’s best estimate of what market participants would use as fair value.

In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management. The respective carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximated their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments or interest rates that are comparable to market rates. These financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, deposits and other receivables, convertible promissory notes, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The Company’s cash and derivative liabilities, which are carried at fair values, are classified as a Level 1 and Level 3, respectively. The Company’s bank accounts are maintained with financial institutions of reputable credit, therefore, bear minimal credit risk.

Leases

The Company is the lessee in a lease contract when the Company obtains the right to use the asset. Operating leases are included in the line items right-of-use asset, lease obligation, current, and lease obligation, long-term in the consolidated balance sheet.

Right-of-use (“ROU”) asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease obligations represent the Company’s obligations to make lease payments arising from the lease, both of which are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term in our consolidated statement of income. The Company determines the lease term by agreement with lessor. As our lease do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. Refer to Note 10 for further discussion.

Government loan

Loans that were received from the federal government, which contain certain operating conditions and with terms of over twelve months, are recorded by the Company as long term liabilities.

Convertible Promissory Notes Payable and Derivative Instruments

The Company has adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-11 to account for the down round features of warrants issued with private placements effective as of April 1, 2017. In doing so, warrants with a down round feature previously treated as derivative liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet and measured at fair value are henceforth treated as equity, with no adjustment for changes in fair value at each reporting period. Previously, the Company accounted for conversion options embedded in convertible notes in accordance with ASC 815. ASC 815 generally requires companies to bifurcate conversion options embedded in convertible notes from their host instruments and to account for them as free-standing derivative financial instruments. ASC 815 provides for an exception to this rule when convertible notes, as host instruments, are deemed to be conventional, as defined by ASC 815-40. The Company accounts for convertible notes deemed conventional and conversion options embedded in non-conventional convertible notes which qualify as equity under ASC 815, in accordance with the provisions of ASC 470-20, which provides guidance on accounting for convertible securities with beneficial conversion features. Accordingly, the Company records, as a discount to convertible notes, the intrinsic value of such conversion options based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. Debt discounts under these arrangements are amortized over the term of the related debt.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This pronouncement, along with subsequent ASUs issued to clarify provisions of ASU 2016-13, changes the impairment model for most financial assets and will require the use of an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. Under this model, entities will be required to estimate the lifetime expected credit loss on such instruments and record an allowance to offset the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, resulting in a net presentation of the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. In developing the estimate for lifetime expected credit loss, entities must incorporate historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This pronouncement is effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted the new guidance effectively on April 1, 2020. The Company identified and updated existing internal controls and procedures to ensure compliance with the new guidance, but such modifications were not deemed to be material to the Company’s overall system of internal control. While the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, it required changes to the Company’s process of estimating expected credit losses on trade receivables.

In July 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-07, Codification Updates to SEC Sections. This ASU amends various SEC paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of SEC Final Rule Releases No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, and Nos. 33-10231 and 33-10442, Investment Company Reporting Modernization. One of the changes in the ASU requires a presentation of changes in stockholders’ equity in the form of a reconciliation, either as a separate financial statement or in the notes to the financial statements, for the current and comparative year-to-date interim periods. The Company presented changes in stockholders’ equity as separate financial statements for the current and comparative year-to-date interim periods beginning on April 1, 2019. The additional elements of the ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which introduced an expected credit loss model for the impairment of financial assets measured at amortized cost basis. That model replaces the probable, incurred loss model for those assets. Through the amendments in that Update, the Board added Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, and made several consequential amendments to the Codification. The amendments apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance. ASU 2019-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within ASC 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the current guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. Most amendments within the standard are required to be applied on a prospective basis, while certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impacts of the provisions of ASU 2019-12 on its financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2030-20 Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments, An Amendment of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification: a)in ASU No. 2016-01, b) in Subtopic 820-10, c) for depository and lending institutions clarification in disclosure requirements, d) in Subtopic 470-50, e) in Subtopic 820-10, f) Interaction of Topic 842 and Topic 326, g) Interaction of the guidance in Topic 326 and Subtopic 860-20.The amendments in this Update represent changes to clarify or improve the Codification. The amendments make the Codification easier to understand and easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. For public business entities updates under the following paragraphs: a), b), d) and e) are effective upon issuance of this final update. The effective date for c) is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect that the new guidance will significantly impact its consolidated financial statements.

The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the new accounting pronouncement, including enhanced disclosure requirements, on our business processes, controls and systems.

Accounts payable as at September 30, 2020, and March 31, 2020 include 404,666 and 379,881, respectively, due to a shareholder and executive of the Company, primarily as a result of that individual’s role as an employee. These amounts are unsecured, non-interest bearing and payable on demand. As at September 30, 2020, included in accrued liabilities, dividend payable was $232,544 (March 31, 2020 - $77,927).

5. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTES AND SHORT TERM LOANS

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company issued $3,302,000 in a new series of convertible promissory notes (the “Notes”) sold under subscription agreements to accredited investors. The Notes mature one year from the final closing date of the offering and accrue interest at 12% per annum. The Notes will automatically convert into common stock (in each case, subject to the trading volume of the Company’s common stock being a minimum of $500,000 for each trading day in the 20 consecutive trading days immediately preceding the conversion date), upon the earlier to occur of (i) the Company’s common stock being listed on a national securities exchange, in which event the conversion price will be equal to 75% of the volume weighted average price of the common stock for the 20 trading days prior to the conversion date, or (ii) upon the closing of the Company’s next equity round of financing for gross proceeds of greater than $5,000,000, in which event the conversion price will be equal to 75% of the price per share of the common stock (or of the conversion price in the event of the sale of securities convertible into common stock) sold in such financing. The Company may, at its discretion redeem the notes for 115% of their face value plus accrued interest. The Company is obligated to issue warrants that accompany the convertible notes and provide 50% warrant coverage. The warrants have a 3-year term from date of issuance and an exercise price that is 120% of the 20-day volume weighted average price of the Company’s common shares at the time final closing. The Company is obligated to pay the placement agent of the Notes a 12% cash fee. Net proceeds to the Company from convertible note issuances to September 30, 2020 amounted to $2,905,760 after payment of the placement agent fee. The Company is also obligated to issue warrants to the placement agent that have a 10-year term and cover 12% of funds raised, with an exercise price that is 120% of the 20-day volume weighted average price of the Company’s common shares at the time final closing. Both the noteholder and placement agent warrants will not be issued until final closing, since their exercise price is variable and will not be struck until that date. The Company determined that the conversion and redemption features, investor warrants and placement agent warrants contained in those Notes represented a single compound derivative liability that meets the requirements for liability classification under ASC 815. The Company accounted for these obligations by determining the fair value of the related derivative liability associated with the embedded conversion and redemption features, as well as investor warrants and placement agent warrants. The initial fair value of the derivative liabilities was $2,590,317 (Note 7). The Company recognized debt issuance cost in the amount of $893,336 and treated this as a deduction from the convertible note liabilities directly, as a contra-liability, and amortized the debt issuance cost over the term of the Notes. The Company recognized initial debt discount in amount of $2,093,190 and accreted the interest over the remaining lives of those Notes. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company recorded amortization of debt issuance cost in the amount of $129,563, interest accretion for the debt discount in the amount of $215,540 as well as $84,676 interest accruals for those Notes. In connection with the foregoing, the Company relied upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for transactions not involving a public offering.

As at September 30, 2020, the Company also had promissory notes issued in prior years outstanding of $566,623 (March 31, 2020 – $916,301). During the six months ended September 30, 2020, one noteholder converted a $100,000 note and $15,000 accrued interest into 115 Series A preferred shares (Note 7), the Company repaid $96,913 to another noteholder, and the Company repaid $152,765 to another noteholder; in the latter case, that noteholder further paid $67,941 to exercise warrants previously held to subscribe to 97,500 shares of the Company’s common stock that will be issued subsequent to the period ended September 30, 2020 (Note 8). The promissory notes generally have a term of 1-year term, at interest rates of between 10%, and 12% with allowance for the Company to repay early, and the possibility to convert into equity on the basis of mutual consent. Management has evaluated the terms of these notes issued in prior years in accordance with the guidance provided by ASC 470 and ASC 815 and concluded that there is no derivative or beneficial conversion feature attached to these notes.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company raised short term loan in amount of $44,000. As at September 30, 2020, the Company had short term loan outstanding of $1,196,001 (March 31, 2020 – $1,152,001).

General and administrative expenses include interest expense on the above debt instruments of $109,699 and $37,456 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

6. FEDERALLY GUARANTEED LOANS

Economic Injury Disaster Loan (“EIDL”)

In April 2020, the Company received $370,900 from the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) under the captioned program. The loan has a term of 30 years and an interest rate of 3.75%, without the requirement for payment in its first 12 months. The Company may prepay the loan without penalty at will.

Payment Protection Program (“PPP”) Loan

In May 2020, Biotricity received loan proceeds of $1.2 million (the “PPP Loan”) under the Paycheck Protection Program established by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”). The unsecured PPL Loan is evidenced by a promissory note (the “Note”), between the Company and the lending financial institution (the “Lender”). The Note has a two-year term, bears interest at the rate of 1.0% per annum, and may be prepaid at any time without payment of any premium. No payments of principal or interest are due during the six-month period beginning on the date of the Note (the “Deferral Period”). The principal and accrued interest under the Note is forgivable under certain specified circumstances if the Company uses the PPP Loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and otherwise complies with PPP requirements. In order to obtain forgiveness of the PPP Loan, the Company must submit a request and provide satisfactory documentation regarding its compliance with applicable requirements. The Company must repay any unforgiven principal amount of the Note, with interest, on a monthly basis following the Deferral Period. The Company intends to use the PPP Loan for qualifying expenses, though no assurance is provided that the Company will obtain forgiveness of the PPP Loan in whole or in part.

7. DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES

On December 19, 2019 and January 9, 2020, the Company issued 7,830 Series A preferred shares; 6,000 of these were issued for cash proceeds of $6,000,000 and 1,830 of these were issued on conversion of $1,830,000 of promissory notes that had previously been issued for cash proceeds in October 2019. On May 22, 2020, another 215 Series A preferred shares were issued as a result of a combined transaction that included the conversion of $100,000 in promissory notes and $15,000 in accrued interest for 115 preferred shares (Note 5), as well as a purchase of 100 preferred shares for cash proceeds of $100,000.

The Company analyzed the compound features of variable conversion and redemption embedded in the preferred shares, for potential derivative accounting treatment on the basis of ASC 820 (Fair Value in Financial Instruments), ASC 815 (Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities), Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 00–19 and EITF 07–05, and determined that the embedded derivatives should be bundled and valued as a single, compound embedded derivative, bifurcated from the underlying equity instrument, treated as a derivative liability, and measured at fair value.

The lattice methodology was used to value the derivative components embedded in the preferred shares, using the following assumptions:

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, pursuant to issuing $3,302,000 in convertible notes (Note 5) that have embedded conversion rights, redemption features and variable-priced investor warrants and placement agent warrants, the Company analyzed the compound features of variable conversion and redemption embedded in the convertible notes, for potential derivative accounting treatment on the basis of ASC 820 (Fair Value in Financial Instruments), ASC 815 (Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities), Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No. 00–19 and EITF 07–05, and determined that the embedded derivatives should be bundled and valued as a single, compound embedded derivative, bifurcated from the underlying note, treated as a derivative liability, and measured at fair value.

The lattice methodology was used to value the derivative components embedded in the convertible notes, using the following range of assumptions:

8. STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIENCY

a) Authorized stock

As at September 30, 2020, the Company is authorized to issue 125,000,000 (March 31, 2020 – 125,000,000) shares of common stock ($0.001 par value) and 10,000,000 (March 31, 2020 – 10,000,000) shares of preferred stock ($0.001 par value).

At September 30, 2020, there were 33,647,809 (March 31, 2020 – 32,593,769) shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Additionally, at September 30, 2020, there were 3,608,522 (March 31, 2020 – 3,788,062) outstanding exchangeable shares. There is currently one share of the Special Voting Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, held by one holder of record, which is the Trustee in accordance with the terms of the Trust Agreement. The Company has also issued a Series A preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 20,000 shares have been designated as authorized (as at September 30 and March 31, 2020); 8,045 and 7,830 preferred shares were issued and outstanding as at September 30 and March 31, 2020, respectively.

b) Exchange Agreement

On February 2, 2016, the Company was formed through reverse-take-over:

Issuance of common stock, exchangeable shares and cancellation of shares in connection with the reverse takeover transaction as explained above represents recapitalization of capital retroactively adjusting the accounting acquirer’s legal capital to reflect the legal capital of the accounting acquiree.

c) Share issuances

Share issuances during the year ended March 31, 2020

On December 19, 2019, the Company issued 6,000 shares of Series A preferred stock in a private placement for gross proceeds of $6,000,000 (Note 7). The shares are convertible into common stock of the Company at a conversion price equal to the greater of $0.001 or a 15% discount to the 5-day volume weighted price at the time of conversion. The conversion rights commence 24 months after issuance, but conversion is limited to 5% of the aggregate purchase price of the holder on a monthly basis thereafter. Alternatively, the shares are convertible into common stock at a 15% discount to any qualified future common stock financing conducted by the Company. The Company may redeem the shares after 1 year for 110% of the purchase price plus accrued dividends. The preferred stock bears a dividend rate of 12% per annum. On January 9, 2020, the Company issued a further 1,830 of Series A preferred stock with same terms on conversion of $1,830,000 of promissory notes that had previously been issued for cash proceeds in 2019 (see Note 7). During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company accrued dividends in amount of $257,927 and made a payment in amount of $180,000.

In May and July 2019, the Company issued 47,585 shares of common stock under a registered offering outstanding in the previous fiscal year, which raised proceeds of $28,565.

During the year ended March 31, 2019, the Company issued a total of 972,950 shares of common stock and recognized its obligations to issue a total of 178,750 shares of common stock to various consultants and advisors, with a cumulative fair value of $666,129 and $169,490, respectively, or $835,619 in total; these costs were recognized as general and administrative and research and development expenses, as applicable, in the statement of operations, with corresponding credit to common stock, shares to be issued, and additional paid-in-capital, respectively.

During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company also issued an aggregate of 525,023 shares of its common stock to investors as part of the one-for-one exchange of previously issued exchangeable shares into the Company’s Common Stock, which is a non-cash transaction. No options or warrants were exercised during this period.

Share issuances during the three and six months ended September 30, 2020

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of 83,500 shares, pursuant to existing obligations related to services rendered by consultants and advisors. Total fair value of these common shares, in the amount of $132,766, was determined by using the market date price on the date of issuance, recorded in general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses with corresponding credit to common stock and additional paid in capital.

During the six months ended September 30, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of 874,500 shares, fair valued at $1,343,816.

d) Shares to be issued

As of September 30, 2020, the Company has recognized its contractual obligations to issue a total of 412,500 shares of common stock to advisors. The fair value of these shares amounted to $400,591 and has been expensed to general and administrative and research and development expenses in the consolidated statements of operations, with a corresponding credit to additional paid-in-capital. A further 97,500 shares were to be issued after September 30, 2020, in order to complete the exercise of shares which was paid for prior to September 30, 2020 (Note 5). The fair value of shares to be issued was determined by using the market price of the common stock as at the date of issuance.

e) Warrant issuances and exercises

Warrant issuances during the year ended March 31, 2020

During the year ended March 31, 2020, the Company issued 1,021,430 warrants, respectively, as compensation for advisor and consultant services and certain promissory noteholders, which were fair valued at $277,053. Warrants issued to advisors and consultants were expensed in general and administrative expenses and amounted to $184,637, for the year ended March 31, 2020. Warrants issued to promissory notes holders were credited to additional paid-in capital in amount of $92,416. Their fair value has been estimated using a multi-nomial lattice model with an expected life of 2 to 3 years, risk free rates of 0.22% to 1.71%, stock price of $0.52 to $0.974 and expected volatility of 114.3% to 132.2%.

Warrant issuances during the three and six months ended September 30, 2020

During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company issued 50,000 warrants as compensation for advisor and consultant services, which were fair valued at $38,411 and expensed in general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, with a corresponding credit to additional paid in capital. Their fair value has been estimated using a multi-nomial lattice model with an expected life of 3 years, a risk free rate ranging from 0.259% to 0.692%, stock price in range of $0.970 to $1.367 and expected volatility of 125.4% to 131.90%. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company also expensed in general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, an amount of $6,972, related to warrants issued in prior periods that vested in the current period.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company issued 72,917 warrants as compensation for advisor and consultant services, which were fair valued at $48,110 and expensed in general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, with a corresponding credit to additional paid in capital. Their fair value has been estimated using a multi-nomial lattice model with an expected life up to 6 years, a risk free rate ranging from 0.167% to 0.640%, stock price of $1.11 and expected volatility of 121.1% to 127.6%. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company also expensed in general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses, an amount of $6,972, for those warrants issued in prior periods that vested in the current period.

Warrant exercises

No warrants were exercised during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. During the three and six months ended September 30, 2020, 97,500 warrants were exercised, with shares for this exercise accounted for as shares to be issued subsequent to September 30, 2020 (Note 5).

Warrant issuances, exercises and expirations or cancellations during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and preceding periods resulted in warrants outstanding at the end of those respective periods as follows: