QPRC Quest Patent Research Corporation (QB)

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MARCH 31, 2021

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The Company is a Delaware corporation, incorporated on July 17, 1987 and has been engaged in the intellectual property monetization business since 2008.

As used herein, “we”, “us”, “our”, the “Company” refer to Quest Patent Research Corporation and its wholly and majority-owned and controlled operating subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise. All intellectual property acquisition, development, licensing and enforcement activities are conducted by the Company’s wholly and majority-owned and controlled operating subsidiaries.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. All adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) necessary to present fairly the Company’s consolidated financial position have been included. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Operating results for the interim periods presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. Reclassifications have been made to conform with the current year presentation.

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of consolidation and financial statement presentation

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”) and present the consolidated financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries as of March 31, 2021. 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of:

Significant intercompany transaction and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of patents which are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives or statutory lives whichever is shorter and are reviewed for impairment upon any triggering event that may give rise to the assets ultimate recoverability as prescribed under the guidance related to impairment of long-lived assets. Costs incurred to acquire patents, including legal costs, are also capitalized as long-lived assets and amortized on a straight-line basis with the associated patent.  

Patents include the cost of patents or patent rights (hereinafter, collectively “patents”) acquired from third-parties or acquired in connection with business combinations.  Patent acquisition costs are amortized utilizing the straight-line method over their remaining economic useful lives, ranging from one to ten years. Certain patent application and prosecution costs incurred to secure additional patent claims that, based on management’s estimates are deemed to be recoverable, are capitalized and amortized over the remaining estimated economic useful life of the related patent portfolio.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. A fair value hierarchy is used which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. See Note 4 for information about our warrant liability.

The fair value hierarchy based on the three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are financial instruments whose values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation. 

The carrying value reflected in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and short-term borrowings approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these items. The carrying value of long-term debt approximates fair value since the related rates of interest approximate current market rates.

Inventor/Former Owner Royalties and Contingent Legal/Litigation Finance Expenses

In connection with the investment in certain patents and patent rights, certain of the Company’s operating subsidiaries may execute related agreements which grant to the inventors and/or former owners of the respective patents or patent rights, the right to receive a percentage of future net revenues (as defined in the respective agreements) generated as a result of licensing and otherwise enforcing the respective patents or patent portfolios.

The Company’s operating subsidiaries may retain the services of law firms that specialize in patent licensing and enforcement and patent law in connection with their licensing and enforcement activities. These law firms may be retained on a contingent fee basis whereby such law firms are paid a percentage of any negotiated fees, settlements or judgments awarded.

The Company’s operating subsidiaries may engage with funding sources that provide financing for patent licensing and enforcement. These litigation finance firms may be engaged on a non-recourse basis whereby such litigation finance firms are paid a percentage of any negotiated fees, settlements or judgments awarded in exchange for providing funding for legal fees and out of pocket expenses incurred as a result of the licensing and enforcement activities.

The economic terms of the inventor agreements, operating agreements, contingent legal fee arrangements and litigation financing agreements associated with the patent portfolios owned or controlled by the Company’s operating subsidiaries, if any, including royalty rates, contingent fee rates and other terms, vary across the patent portfolios owned or controlled by such operating subsidiaries. Inventor/former owner royalties, payments to non-controlling interests, contingent legal fees expenses and litigation finance expenses fluctuate period to period, based on the amount of revenues recognized each period, the terms and conditions of revenue agreements executed each period and the mix of specific patent portfolios with varying economic terms and obligations generating revenues each period. Inventor/former owner royalties, contingent legal fees expenses and litigation finance expenses will continue to fluctuate and may continue to vary significantly period to period, based primarily on these factors.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized when there is a contract which has commercial substance which is approved by both parties and identifies the rights of the parties and the payment terms.

Stock-based compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation pursuant to ASC 718, “Compensation — Stock Compensation,” which prescribes accounting and reporting standards for all stock-based payment transactions in which employee services, and, since January 1, 2019, non-employee services, are acquired. Transactions include incurring liabilities, or issuing or offering to issue shares, options and other equity instruments such as employee stock ownership plans and stock appreciation rights. Stock-based payments to employees and non-employees, including grants of employee stock options, are recognized as compensation expense in the financial statements based on their fair values. That expense is recognized over the period during which an employee or non-employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, known as the requisite service period (usually the vesting period). 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Management does not believe that there are any recently issued, but not effective, accounting standards which, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. 

Going Concern

As shown in the accompanying financial statements, the Company has an accumulated deficit of approximately $26,438,000 and negative working capital of approximately $10,560,000 as of March 31, 2021. Because of the Company’s continuing losses, its working capital deficiency, the uncertainty of future revenue, the Company’s obligations to Intellectual Ventures, Intelligent Partners, QPRC Finance LLC (“QFL”), the Company’s low stock price and the absence of a trading market in its common stock, the ability of the Company to raise funds in the equity market or from lenders is severely impaired. These conditions, together with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the steps taken by the states to slow the spread of the virus and its effect on its business raise substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Although the Company may seek to raise funds and to obtain third party funding for litigation to enforce its intellectual property rights, the availability of such funds, particularly in view of the COVID-19 pandemic, is uncertain. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

The loans payable – third party represents demand loans made by former officers and directors, who are unrelated third parties at March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, in the amount of $147,000. The loans are payable on demand plus accrued interest at 10% per annum. These third parties are also stockholders, but their stockholdings are not significant.

The QFL funding liability at March 31, 2021 represents the principal amount of the Company’s obligations to QPRC Finance LLC (“QFL”) pursuant to a purchase agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) dated February 22, 2021 between the Company and QFL, as described below. The obligation to QFL has been classified as a current liability as of March 31, 2021.

On February 22, 2021, we entered into a series of agreements, all dated February 19, 2021,with QFL, a non-affiliated party, including the “Purchase Agreement, a security agreement (the “Security Agreement”), a subsidiary security agreement (the “Subsidiary Security Agreement”), a subsidiary guaranty (the “Subsidiary Guarantee”), a warrant issue agreement (the “Warrant Issue Agreement”), a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) and a board observation rights agreement (the “Board Observation Rights Agreement” together with the Security Agreement, the Subsidiary Guaranty, the Subsidiary Security Agreement, Warrant Issuance Agreement, Registration Rights Agreement and the Purchase Agreement, the “Investment Documents”) pursuant to which, at the closing held contemporaneously with the execution of the agreements:

On February 26, 2021, the Company entered into an agreement with Peter K. Trzyna (“PKT”) pursuant to which PKT assigned to the Company all right, title, and interest in a portfolio of eight United States patents (the “Peregrin Portfolio”). Under the agreement, the Company paid PKT $350,000 at closing and agreed that upon the realization of gross proceeds, if any, the Company shall make a second installment payment or payments in the aggregate amount of $93,900 representing reimbursement to PKT, as the prosecuting attorney, for legal fees associated with prosecution of the portfolio, such reimbursement shall be due and payable to PKT from time to time as gross proceeds are realized, and paid to PKT along with and in proportion to reimbursement to other third parties of costs incurred in realizing gross proceeds from the Peregrin Portfolio. Thereafter, PKT is entitled to a percentage of gross proceeds realized, if any, from the Peregrin Portfolio. The Company requested and received a capital advance from QFL in the amount of $350,000 pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, which was used to make payment to PKT.

The Company requested and received an operating capital advance in the amount of $400,000 from QFL pursuant to the Purchase Agreement during the period ended March 31, 2021.

The loan payable – related party at March 31, 2021 represents the current amount of a non-interest bearing total monetization proceeds obligation (the “TMPO”) to Intelligent Partners, LLC (“Intelligent Partners”) of $2,805,000, pursuant to a restructure agreement (“Restructure Agreement”) dated February 22, 2021 whereby the Company and Intelligent Partners, extinguished the Company’s 10% note to Intelligent Partners as transferee of the notes issued to United Wireless Holdings, Inc. (“United Wireless”), in the amount of $4,672,810 pursuant to securities purchase agreement dated October 22, 2015 between the Company and United Wireless, as more fully described in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The notes became due by their terms on September 30, 2020, and the Company did not make any payment on account of principal of and interest on the notes. Subsequent to September 30, 2020, the Company engaged in negotiations with Intelligent Partners in parallel with the Company’s negotiations with QFL, with a view to restructuring the Company’s obligations under the United Wireless agreements, including the notes, so that the Company no longer had any obligations under the notes or the SPA. These negotiations resulted in the Restructure Agreement, described below, which provided for the payment to Intelligent Partners of $1,750,000 from the proceeds from the Company’s agreements with QFL. As part of the restructure of the Company’s agreements with Intelligent Partners, the Company amended the existing MPAs and granted Intelligent Partners certain rights in the monetization proceeds from any new intellectual property the Company acquires, as describe below. Under these MPAs, Intelligent Partners participates in the monetization proceeds the Company receives with respect to new patents after QFL has received its negotiated rate of return.

On or prior to the date of the Restructure Agreement, Intelligent Partners transferred to Fitton and Carper $250,000 of the notes (the “Transferred Note”), thereby reducing the principal amount of the notes held by Intelligent Partners to $4,422,810.

On February 22, 2021, the Company and Intelligent Partners agreed to extinguish the notes and Transferred Note, and terminate or amend and restate the SPA and Transaction Documents, pursuant to a series of agreements including: a Restructure Agreement (the “Restructure Agreement”), a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”), an Option Grant (the “Option Grant”), an Amended and Restated Pledge Agreement (the “Pledge Agreement”), an Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), a Board Observation Agreement (the “Board Observation Agreement”), a MPA-NA Security Interest Agreement (the “MPA-NA Security Interest Agreement”), an Amended and Restated Patent Proceeds Security Agreement (the “Patent Proceeds Security Agreement”, an Amended and Restated MPA-CP (the “MPA-CP”), an Amended and Restated MPA-CXT (the “MPA-CXT”), a MPA-MR (the “MPA-MR”), a MPA-AMI (the “MPA-AMI,” and together with the MPA-CP, MPA-CXT and MPA-MR, each a Restructure MPA and together the Restructure MPAs) and a MPA-NA (the “MPA-NA”).

Events of Default include (i) a Change of Control of the Company (ii) any uncured default on payment due to Intelligent Partners in an amount totaling in excess of $275,000, which is not the subject of a Dispute or other formal dispute resolution proceeding initiated in good faith pursuant to this Agreement or other Restructure Documents (iii) the filing of a voluntary petition for relief under the United States Bankruptcy Code by Company or any of its material subsidiaries, (iv) the filing of an involuntary petition for relief under the United States Bankruptcy Code against the Company, which is not stayed or dismissed within sixty (60) days of such filing, except for an involuntary petition for relief filed solely by Intelligent Partners, or any Affiliate or member of Intelligent Partners, or (v) acceleration of an obligation in excess of $1 million dollars to another provider of financing following a final determination by arbitration or other judicial proceeding that such obligation is due and owing. 

The Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of the note of $730,378 reflected as follows:

Because of its ownership percentage, Intelligent Partners is treated as a related party.

The purchase price of patents – current portion at March 31, 2021 represents the current portion of minimum payments due under the agreements between:

Long term liabilities

The loans payable-SBA at March 31, 2021 represents:

The purchase price of patents at March 31, 2021 represents:

The non-current portion of minimum payments due under the agreement between M-RED and IV 113/108 described above.

The balance of the purchase price of the patents is reflected as follows:

Because the non-current minimum payment obligations are due over a period of two years, the Company imputed interest of 10% per annum and the interest will be accreted up to the maturity date.

NOTE 4 – WARRANT LIABILITY

The Company granted 96,246,246 warrants to QFL (see Note 3) in connection with its funding agreement. The number of shares underlying the warrants is not fixed until the date of the initial exercise. As such, the warrant issued to QFL requires classification as a liability pursuant to ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and is valued at its fair value as of the grant date and re-measured at the balance sheet date.

As of March 31, 2021, and February 22, 2021, the date of issuance of the warrant, the aggregate fair value of the outstanding warrant liability was approximately $1,819,054 and $1,154,905, respectively.

The Company estimated the fair value of the derivative liability using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following key assumptions as of March 31, 2021 and as of the grant date:

The following schedule summarizes the valuation of financial instruments at fair value in the balance sheets as of March 31, 2021 and the grant date:

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the fair value of derivative liabilities classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:

See Notes 3 and 5 for information on the warrant issuance.

NOTE 5 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Amendment to the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan

On February 19, 2021 the board of directors amended the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) increasing the shares the Company can issue under the Plan to 500,000,000 shares of common stock pursuant to non-qualified stock options, restricted stock grants and other equity-based incentives, the amendment to the Plan and the grants of awards pursuant to the Plan, to be effective upon the closing of the agreements with QFL.

Issuance of Common Stock and Options

Issuances to Intelligent Partners

On February 22, 2021, pursuant to the Restructure Agreement, Intelligent Partners and its controlling members agreed to extinguish the notes and Transferred Note, and terminate or amend and restate the SPA and Transaction Documents and the Company: (i) issued to Fitton and Carper, as holders of the Transferred Note, pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement a total of 46,296,296 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $0.0054 per share, which purchase price was paid by the conversion and in full satisfaction of the Company’s obligation under the Transferred Note and included in the calculation of the repurchase price of the debt; and (ii) granted Intelligent Partners, pursuant to the Option Grant, an option to purchase a total of 50,000,000 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $0.0054 per share which vested immediately and may be exercised through September 30, 2025. The Company valued the purchase option at approximately $598,000 using the Black-Scholes pricing model. Variables used in the valuation include (1) discount rate of 1.37%; (2) option life of 5 years; (3) computed volatility of 252% and (4) zero expected dividends. The Company granted Intelligent Partners, Andrew Fitton and Michael Carper certain registration rights with respect to (i) the 50,000,000 shares currently owned by Fitton and Carper; (ii) the 46,296,296 Conversion Shares issued to Fitton and Carper, and (iii) the 50,000,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the option. Commencing six months from the closing date, if the shares owned by Fitton, Carper and Intelligent Partners cannot be sold pursuant to a registration statement and cannot be sold pursuant to Rule 144 without the Company being in compliance with the current public information requirements of Rule 144, if the Company is not in compliance with the current public information requirements, the Company is required to pay damages to Intelligent Partners.

Consulting Agreements

On February 22, 2021, the Company entered into advisory service agreement with three consultants – William Gates, Crystal Nicolson and Jeff Toler pursuant to which they will provide services to the Company in connection with the development of the Company’s business. The agreements have a term of ten years and may be terminated by the Company for cause or upon the death or disability of the consultants.

Pursuant to the agreements with Mr. Gates and Ms. Nicolson, the compensation payable to each of them consists of a restricted stock grant of 10,000,000 shares of Common Stock which immediately vests in full and a ten-year option to purchase a total of 30,000,000 shares of Common Stock, which become exercisable cumulatively as follows:

The Company recorded professional fees in the amount of $240,000 as a result the restricted stock grants to Mr. Gates and Ms. Nicolson. The Company determined the fair value of the options as of the grant date to be approximately $720,000 using the Black-Scholes pricing model. Variables used in the valuation include (1) discount rate of 1.37%; (2) term of 10 years; (3) computed volatility of 252% and (4) zero expected dividends. The Company determined that the first performance condition will be met and accrued the option expense of approximately $240,000 over the period from the grant date to achievement of the performance condition. The Company recognized option expense of approximately $120,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Pursuant to the agreement with Mr. Toler, the compensation payable to him consists of a restricted stock grant of 10,000,000 shares of Common Stock which immediately vests in full and a ten-year option to purchase 30,000,000 shares of Common Stock, which becomes exercisable cumulatively as follows:

The Company recorded professional fees in the amount of $120,000 as a result the restricted stock grant to Mr. Toler. The Company determined the fair value of the options as of the grant date to be approximately $360,000 using the Black-Scholes pricing model. Variables used in the valuation include (1) discount rate of 1.37%; (2) term of 10 years; (3) computed volatility of 252% and (4) zero expected dividends. The Company recognized option expense of approximately $22,300 for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers

On February 22, 2021, the board of directors:

The Company recognized compensation expense of $888,000 in conjunction with issuance of common stock to officers and directors. The Company determined the fair value of the options to be approximately $720,000 as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes pricing model. Variables used in the valuation include (1) discount rate of 1.37%; (2) term of 10 years; (3) computed volatility of 252% and (4) zero expected dividends. The Company recognized option expense of approximately $120,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options and changes is set forth below:

The intrinsic value of the outstanding options as of March 31, 2021 is $1,120,000.

Issuance of Warrants

A summary of the status of the Company’s warrants and changes is set forth below:

The intrinsic value of the outstanding warrants as of March 31, 2021 is $1,299,324.

Intangible assets are comprised of patents with estimated useful lives. The intangible assets at March 31, 2021 represent:

The Company amortizes the costs of intangible assets over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. Costs incurred to acquire patents, including legal costs, are also capitalized as long-lived assets and amortized on a straight-line basis with the associated patent. Amortization of patents is included as a selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The Company assesses intangible assets for any impairment to the carrying values. As of March 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, management concluded that there was no impairment to the intangible assets.

Amortization expense for patents comprised $487,888 and $648,395 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020, respectively. Future amortization of intangible assets is as follows:

The Company granted Intellectual Ventures a security interest in the patents assigned to the Company as security for the payment of the balance of the purchase price. The security interest of Intellectual Ventures is senior to the security interest of United Wireless in the proceeds derived from such patents. 

NOTE 7 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company has at various times entered into transactions with related parties, including officers, directors and major stockholders, wherein these parties have provided services, advanced or loaned money, or both, to the Company which was needed to support its daily operations. The Company discloses all related party transactions.

The Company incurred interest expense on the Company’s 10% notes issued to United Wireless pursuant to the securities purchase agreement dated October 22, 2015 more fully described in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 of approximately $0 and $117,780 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. See Notes 3 and 5 in connection with the extinguishment of the Company’s 10% notes issued to United Wireless and held by Intelligent Partners as the transferee of United Wireless.

See Note 8 with respect to the employment agreement with the Company’s president and chief executive officer. 

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company contracted with an entity owned by the chief technology officer for the provision of information technology services to the Company. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the cost of these services was approximately $115 and $145, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company contracted with a law firm more than 10 percent owned, but not controlled, by the father-in-law of the chief executive officer. The firm is engaged on a contingent fee basis and serves as escrow agent in connection with monetization of the Company’s patents in matters where the firm is serving as counsel to the Company. In connection with the engagement, the Company recorded patent service costs of $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and an outstanding liability of $407,000 reported in “accounts payable and accrued liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

See Note 5 with respect to share based compensation to officers and directors.

NOTE 8 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Employment Agreements

Pursuant to a restated employment agreement, dated November 30, 2014, with the Company’s president and chief executive officer, the Company agreed to employ him as president and chief executive officer for a term of three years, commencing January 1, 2014, and continuing on a year-to-year basis unless terminated by either party on not less than 90 days’ notice prior to the expiration of the initial term or any one-year extension. The agreement provides for an initial annual salary of $252,000, which may be increased, but not decreased, by the board or the compensation committee. In March 2016, the Company’s board of directors increased the chief executive officer’s annual salary to $300,000, effective January 1, 2016. The chief executive officer is entitled to a bonus if the Company meets or exceeds performance criteria established by the compensation committee. In August 2016, the Company’s board of directors approved annual bonus compensation equal to 30% of the amount by which the Company’s consolidated income before income taxes exceeds $500,000, but, if the Company is subject to the limitation on deductibility of executive compensation pursuant to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, the bonus cannot exceed the amount which would be deductible pursuant to Section 162(m). The chief executive officer is also eligible to participate in any executive incentive plans which the Company may adopt. 

Pension Benefits

Pursuant to the SEP IRA plan adopted by the Company in March 2020 the Company deposited into a SEP IRA account of each of its participating employees a percentage of the employee’s compensation, subject to statutory limitations on the amount of the contribution all as set forth in the IRS Form 5305-SEP. For the year ending December 31, 2021 the percentage is set at 19%. The Company’s president and chief executive officer is the only participant and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 $14,500 was deposited into his SEP IRA account.

Patent Enforcement and Other Litigation

Certain of the Company’s operating subsidiaries are engaged in litigation to enforce their patents and patent rights. In connection with these patent enforcement actions, it is possible that a defendant may request and/or a court may rule that an operating subsidiary has violated statutory authority, regulatory authority, federal rules, local court rules, or governing standards relating to the substantive or procedural aspects of such enforcement actions. In such event, a court may issue monetary sanctions against the Company or its operating subsidiaries or award attorney’s fees and/or expenses to a defendant(s), which could be material, and if required to be paid by the Company or its operating subsidiaries, could materially harm the Company’s operating results and financial position and could result in a default under the Company’s notes to Intelligent Partners. Since the operating subsidiaries do not have any assets other than the patents, and the Company does not have any available financial resources to pay any judgment which a defendant may obtain against a subsidiary, such a judgment may result in the bankruptcy of the subsidiary and/or the loss of the patents, which are the subsidiaries’ only assets.